135-640: Guangzhou Charge ( simplified Chinese : 广州冲锋 ; traditional Chinese : 廣州衝鋒 ; pinyin : Guǎngzhōu Chōngfēng ) is a Chinese professional Overwatch esports team based in Guangzhou , Guangdong. The Charge compete in the Overwatch League (OWL) as a member of the league's East region. Founded in 2018, Guangzhou Charge began play as one of eight expansion teams in 2019 and is one of four professional Overwatch teams based in China. The team
270-672: A 5–11 regular season record, the Charge finished in second-to-last place in the Eastern region, only ahead of the winless Los Angeles Valiant . On 9 November 2018, the Nenking Group officially announced the brand of their franchise, the Guangzhou Charge. The name was chosen because it expressed the team's "vision to lead the esports movement in China, and to be at the forefront of innovation. It also [expressed the] vision for
405-469: A competitive team that plays aggressive and bold." The logo features two stylized letters "G" and "Z", representing Guangzhou . A lightning bolt symbol can be seen in-between the white space of the two letters. The colors represent the scenery of the region, while the name "Charge" represents bold playstyles and innovation in Chinese esports. "We want to build an international organization and fanbase, so
540-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
675-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
810-598: A development plan for the Pearl River Delta in January 2009; on March 19 of the same year, the Guangzhou and Foshan municipal governments agreed to establish a framework to merge the two cities. In 2014, Luogang merged into Huangpu and both Conghua and Zengcheng counties were upgraded to districts. On 16 June 2022 an EF2 tornado struck the city , causing major power outages and knocking out power to
945-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
1080-477: A formal part of the Han Empire. The native prime minister Lü Jia ( 呂 嘉 ) launched a coup, killing Han ambassadors along with the king, his mother, and their supporters. A successful ambush then annihilated a Han force which had been sent to arrest him. Emperor Wu of Han took offense and launched a massive riverine and seaborne war : six armies under Lu Bode and Yang Pu took Panyu and annexed Nanyue by
1215-649: A general supportive of the Wuhan faction, seized Canton and installed Wang Jingwei 's faction in the city, the communists saw an opening and launched the Guangzhou Uprising . Prominent communist military leaders Ye Ting and Ye Jianying led the failed defense of the city. Soon, control of the city reverted to Li Jishen . Li Jishen was deposed during a war between Chiang and the New Guangxi Clique . By 1929, Chen Jitang had established himself as
1350-578: A history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the Silk Road . The port of Guangzhou serves as a transportation hub for Guangzhou, one of China's three largest cities. Guangzhou was captured by the British during the First Opium War and no longer enjoyed a monopoly after the war; consequently it lost trade to other ports such as Hong Kong and Shanghai , but continued to serve as
1485-780: A major entrepôt . Following the Second Battle of Chuenpi in 1841, the Treaty of Nanking was signed between Sir Robert Peel on behalf of Queen Victoria and Lin Zexu on behalf of Emperor Xuanzong and has ceded Hong Kong to the United Kingdom on 26 January 1841 after the agreement of the Convention of Chuenpi . Guangzhou is at the center of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area ,
SECTION 10
#17327730614761620-610: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
1755-518: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
1890-516: A political compromise that reunited all factions. While the intraparty division was resolved, Chen kept his power until he was defeated by Chiang in 1936. During the WW2 , the " Canton Operation " subjected the city to Japanese occupation by the end of December 1938. Amid the closing months before total Communist victory, Guangzhou briefly served as the capital of the Republican government. Guangzhou
2025-544: A rather polluted city. After green urban planning was implemented, it is now one of the most livable cities in China. Zhujiang New Town is the central business district of Guangzhou in the 21st century. It covers 6.44 km in Tianhe District . Multiple financial institutions are headquartered in this area. The Canton Fair , formally the "China Import and Export Fair", is held every year in April and October by
2160-415: A study by Oxford Economics, and its nominal GDP per capita will reach above $ 42,000 in 2030. Guangzhou also ranks 21st globally (between Washington, D.C., and Amsterdam) and 8th in the whole Asia & Oceania region (behind Shanghai, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Beijing, Shenzhen and Dubai) in the 2020 Global Financial Centers Index (GFCI). Owing to rapid industrialization, it was once also considered
2295-607: A successful offense against his cousin Zhu Youlang but was deposed and executed on January 20, 1647, when the Ming turncoat Li Chengdong ( 李 成 棟 ) sacked the city on behalf of the Qing . The Qing became somewhat more receptive to foreign trade after gaining control of Taiwan in 1683. The Portuguese from Macau and Spaniards from Manila returned, as did private Muslim, Armenian , and English traders. From 1699 to 1714,
2430-429: A year, ultimately executed 23 by lingchi . With the help of local pirates, the " Folangji " then carried out smuggling at Macao , Lampacau , and St John's Island (now Shangchuan ), until Leonel de Sousa legalized their trade with bribes to Admiral Wang Bo ( 汪 柏 ) and the 1554 Luso-Chinese Accord . The Portuguese undertook not to raise fortifications and to pay customs dues; three years later, after providing
2565-716: Is Han Chinese . Almost all Cantonese people speak Cantonese as their first language, while most migrants speak forms of Mandarin . In 2010, each language was the native tongue of roughly half of the city's population, although minor but substantial numbers speak other varieties as well. In 2018, He Huifeng of the South China Morning Post stated that younger residents have increasingly favored using Mandarin instead of Cantonese in their daily lives, causing their Cantonese-speaking grandparents and parents to use Mandarin to communicate with them. He Huifeng stated that factors included local authorities discouraging
2700-629: Is 2.828 billion cubic meters. The southern river network area is in the tidal influence area, with large runoff and a strong tidal effect. The three major entrances of the Pearl River, Humen, Jiaomen, and Hongqili, enter the Lingding Ocean and exit the South China Sea in the south of Guangzhou City. The annual high tide volume is 271 billion cubic meters and the annual ebb tide volume is 408.8 billion cubic meters. The annual runoff of
2835-538: Is 74,400 hectares, accounting for 10.05% of the city's land area. The main rivers include Beijiang, Dongjiang North Mainstream, Zengjiang, Liuxi River, Baini River, Pearl River Guangzhou Reach, Shiqiao Waterway, and Shawan Waterway. Beijiang, The Dongjiang River flows through Guangzhou City and merges with the Pearl River to flow into the sea. The local average total water resources is 7.979 billion cubic meters, including 7.881 billion cubic meters of surface water and 1.487 billion cubic meters of groundwater. Calculated based on
SECTION 20
#17327730614762970-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
3105-547: Is considered one of the most prosperous cities in China. Guangzhou ranks 10th in the world and 5th in China (after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shenzhen) in terms of the number of billionaires according to the Hurun Global Rich List 2020. Guangzhou is projected to be among the world top 10 largest cities in terms of nominal GDP in 2035 (together with Shanghai , Beijing and Shenzhen in China) according to
3240-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
3375-516: Is estimated that in Zengcheng district and Huadu district of Guangzhou, Hakka speakers account for about 40 percent and a third of the district's population. Recent years have seen a huge influx of migrants, with up to 30 million additional migrants living in the Guangzhou area for at least six months out of every year with the majority being female migrants and many becoming local Guangzhou people. This huge influx of people from other areas, called
3510-443: Is located in the water-rich area of southern China, it has a wide water area with many rivers and water systems, accounting for 10% of the total land area. The rivers and streams improve the landscape and keep the ecological environment of the city stable. The main characteristics of Guangzhou's water resources are that there are relatively few local water resources and relatively abundant transit water resources. The city's water area
3645-813: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
3780-487: Is one of China's nine National Central Cities . In the late 1990s and early 2000s, nationals of sub-Saharan Africa who had initially settled in the Middle East and Southeast Asia moved in unprecedented numbers to Guangzhou in response to the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis . The domestic migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40% of the city's total population in 2008. Guangzhou has one of
3915-435: Is over 28 million after including the population of the adjacent Hong Kong Special Administrative Region . The area's fast-growing economy and high demand for labor has produced a huge "floating population" of migrant workers ; thus, up to 10 million migrants reside in the area least six months each year. In 2008, about five million of Guangzhou's permanent residents were hukouless migrants. Most of Guangzhou's population
4050-503: Is owned by Nenking Group and is managed by the esports brand of Nenking, Ultra Prime Esports . On 2 August 2018, Activision Blizzard announced that Nenking Group , owner of Guangzhou Loong Lions , purchased a seat for Guangzhou in Overwatch League . On 15 October 2018, Nenking announced that Sonny Xiao , the vice president of Nenking and the president of basketball operations for the Guangzhou Long Lions, would be
4185-623: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
Guangzhou Charge - Misplaced Pages Continue
4320-547: Is the center of origin and variety of lychee, longan, yellow skin, black (white) olive, and so on. Vegetables are known for their high quality and variety, with 15 major categories, 127 species, and more than 370 varieties. Flowers include fresh cut flowers (fresh cut flowers, fresh cut leaves, fresh cut branches), potted plants (potted flowers, bonsai, flower bed plants), ornamental seedlings, edible and medicinal flowers, industrial and other uses of flowers, lawns, seedlings, etc. More than 3,000 traditional varieties and in recent years
4455-503: Is the main manufacturing hub of the Pearl River Delta , one of mainland China 's leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2021, its GDP reached ¥2,823 billion (US$ 444.37 billion in nominal), making it the 2nd largest economy in the South-Central China region after Shenzhen . Guangzhou's GDP (nominal) was $ 444.37 billion in 2021, exceeding that Guangzhou's per capita was ¥151,162 ($ 23,794 in nominal). Guangzhou
4590-547: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
4725-468: The 2010 Asian Games , the 2010 Asian Para Games , and the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup . The city hosts 65 foreign representatives , making it the major city hosting the third most foreign representatives in China, after Beijing and Shanghai. As of 2020, Guangzhou ranked 10th in the world and 5th in China—after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shenzhen—for the number of billionaire residents by
4860-813: The French and British East India Companies sent a ship or two each year; the Austrian Ostend General India Co. arrived in 1717, the Dutch East India Co. in 1729, the Danish Asiatic Co. in 1731, and the Swedish East India Co. the next year. These were joined by the occasional Prussian or Trieste Company vessel. The first independent American ship arrived in 1784, and the first colonial Australian one in 1788. By that time, Guangzhou
4995-613: The Guangdong–Hankou Railway was awarded to the American China Development Co. in 1898. It completed its branch line west to Foshan and Sanshui before being engulfed in a diplomatic crisis after a Belgian consortium bought a controlling interest and the Qing subsequently canceled its concession. J.P. Morgan was awarded millions in damages and the line to Wuchang was not completed until 1936 and
5130-536: The Hurun Global Rich List. Guangzhou is a research and development hub ranking 8th globally as well as 4th in the Asia-Pacific region, and is home to numerous Double First-Class Universities , including Sun Yat-sen University . Guǎngzhōu is the official romanization of the Chinese name 广州 . The name of the city is taken from the ancient Guǎng Prefecture after it had become
5265-460: The Immortals " ( 仙城 / 五仙城 ) came from the same story. The more recent City of Flowers ( 花城 ) is usually taken as a simple reference to the area's fine greenery. The English name "Canton" derived from Portuguese Cidade de Cantão , a blend of dialectal pronunciations of "Guangdong" (e.g., Cantonese Gwong2-dung1 ). Although it originally and chiefly applied to the walled city, it
5400-632: The Ministry of Trade . Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the fair is a major event for the city. It is the trade fair with the longest history, highest level, and largest scale in China. From the 104th session onwards, the fair moved to the new Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center ( 广州 国际 会展 中心 ) in Pazhou , from the older complex in Liuhua. The GICEC is served by two stations on Line 8 and three stations on Tram Line THZ1 . Since
5535-666: The Peasant Movement Training Institute in the city, of which Mao Zedong was a director for one term. Sun and his military commander Chiang used Soviet funds and weapons to build an armed force staffed by communist commissars, training its cadres in the Whampoa Military Academy . In August, the fledgling army suppressed the Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising . The next year the anti-imperialist May Thirtieth Movement swept
Guangzhou Charge - Misplaced Pages Continue
5670-591: The Seoul Dynasty by a score of 1–4 the following day. Entering the 2020 season, the Charge parted ways with five of their 11 players, signing three new players later in the offseason. In the 2020 season, the Charge picked up their first midseason tournament title after defeating the Shanghai Dragons 4–2 in the Summer Showdown finals. At the end of the season, Guangzhou finished as one of
5805-595: The Yuegui Wars . On June 16, 1922, Sun was ousted in a coup and fled on the warship Yongfeng after Chen sided with the Zhili Clique 's Beijing government . In the following months Sun mounted a counterattack into Guangdong by rallying supporters from Yunnan and Guangxi, and in January established a government in the city for the third time. From 1923 to 1926, Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang (KMT) used
5940-668: The tribute delegations sent to or by official representatives of foreign governments. Following the Portuguese conquest of the Melaka Sultanate , Rafael Perestrello traveled to Guangzhou as a passenger on a native junk in 1516. His report induced Fernão Pires de Andrade to sail to the city with eight ships the next year, but De Andrade's exploration was understood as spying and his brother Simão and others began attempting to monopolize trade, enslaving Chinese women and children, engaging in piracy, and fortifying
6075-500: The "Dot" stroke : The traditional components ⺥ and 爫 become ⺈ : The traditional component 奐 becomes 奂 : Guangzhou Guangzhou , previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow , is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China . Located on the Pearl River about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km (90 mi) north of Macau , Guangzhou has
6210-459: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
6345-555: The 104th session, the Canton Fair has been arranged in three phases instead of two phases. Guangzhou is a hub for international businesses. According to an article by China Briefing, over 30,000 foreign-invested companies had settled in Guangzhou by 2018, including 297 Fortune Global 500 companies with projects and 120 Fortune Global 500 companies with headquarters or regional headquarters in the city. The 2010 census found Guangzhou's population to be 12.78 million. As of 2014 , it
6480-482: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
6615-520: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
6750-778: The 19th century, most of the city's buildings were still only one or two stories. However, there were notable exceptions such as the Flower Pagoda of the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees , and the guard tower known as the Five-Story Pagoda . The subsequently urbanized northern hills were bare and covered with traditional graves. The brick city walls were about 6 mi (10 km) in circumference, 25 ft (8 m) high, and 20 ft (6 m) wide. Its eight main gates and two water gates all held guards during
6885-566: The CEO of the team, Overwatch developer Eddy Meng would be the COO, and Overwatch management veteran Ethan Liu would be the general manager. On 8 November, the Nenkeng Group announced that the Guangzhou team would be called the Guangzhou Charge. Two weeks later, the Charge announced nine players of their inaugural roster – four DPS, four supports, and one tank. The Charge signed Cho "J1N" Hyo-jin as
SECTION 50
#17327730614767020-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
7155-654: The Chinese with assistance suppressing their former pirate allies, the Portuguese were permitted to warehouse their goods at Macau instead of Guangzhou itself. In October 1646, the Longwu Emperor 's brother, Zhu Yuyue fled by sea to Guangzhou, the last stronghold of the Ming empire . On December 11, he declared himself the Shaowu Emperor, borrowing his imperial regalia from local theater troupes. He led
7290-462: The Guangdong province that houses Guangzhou has more than 130 boys for every 100 girls. Guangzhou also possesses a large resident population who are Hakka people . There are seven administrative districts in Guangzhou with a considerable Hakka population: Zengcheng District , Huadu District , Conghua District , Baiyun District , Tianhe District , Yuexiu District and Panyu District . It
7425-533: The Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences researcher Peng Peng, the city is almost at its maximum capacity of just 15 million, which means the city is facing a great strain, mostly due to a high population of unregistered people. According to the 2000 National Census, marriage is one of the top two reasons for permanent migration and is particularly important for women as 29.3% of the permanent female migrants migrate for marriage [Liang et al.,2004]. Many of
7560-625: The South China coast in the late antiquity . Surviving records from the Tang dynasty confirm, that the residents of Panyu observed a range of trade missions. Records on foreign trade ships reach upon til the late 20th century. Panyu was the seat of Qin Empire 's Nanhai Commandery , and served as a base for the first invasion of the Baiyue lands in southern China. Legendary accounts claimed that
7695-606: The Soviet Union, leaving the pro-communist Wang Jingwei in charge. Opposing communist encroachment, the right-wing Western Hills Group vowed to expel the communists from the KMT. The " Canton Coup " on March 20, 1926, saw Chiang solidify his control over the Nationalists and their army against Wang Jingwei , the party's left wing, its Communist allies, and its Soviet advisors. By May, he had ended civilian control of
7830-485: The amount of local water resources and the permanent population counted in the sixth census in 2010, there are 1.0601 million cubic meters of water resources per square kilometer, with an average of 628 cubic meters per capita, which is one-half of the country's per capita water resources. The amount of water resources for transit passengers is 186.024 billion cubic meters, which is 23 times the total local water resources. The passenger water resources are mainly concentrated in
7965-794: The annual mean is 22.4 °C (72.3 °F). Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time. The relative humidity is approximately 76 percent, whereas annual rainfall in the metropolitan area is over 1,950 mm (77 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 17 percent in March to 51 percent in October, the city receives 1,559 hours of bright sunshine annually, considerably less than nearby Shenzhen and Hong Kong . Extreme temperatures have ranged from 0 °C (32 °F) on 11 February 1957 and 23 December 1999 to 39.1 °C (102.4 °F) on 1 July 2004, though an unofficial record low of −5.0 °C (23.0 °F), in which modern meteorologists believe it to be −3.0 °C (26.6 °F)
8100-574: The area are in short supply, sporadically distributed, small in scale, and unstable in grade. , Despite being located just south of the Tropic of Cancer , Guangzhou has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cwa ) influenced by the East Asian monsoon . Summers are wet with high temperatures, high humidity, and a high heat index . Winters are mild and comparatively dry. Guangzhou has a lengthy monsoon season, spanning from April through September. Monthly averages range from 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) in January to 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) in July, while
8235-413: The banks of the Pearl River to adjust the city's boat people to life on land. Since the 1980s, the city's close proximity to Hong Kong and Shenzhen and its ties to overseas Chinese made it one of the first beneficiaries of China's opening up under Deng Xiaoping . Beneficial tax reforms in the 1990s also helped the city's industrialization and economic development. The municipality was expanded in
SECTION 60
#17327730614768370-399: The best commercial city in mainland China. Guangzhou is highly ranked as an Alpha (global first-tier) city together with San Francisco and Stockholm. It is a major Asia-Pacific finance hub, ranking 21st globally in the 2020 Global Financial Centres Index . As an important international city, Guangzhou has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable being
8505-441: The boats of fishers, traders, and Tanka ("boat people") almost entirely concealed the riverbank for about 4 mi (6 km). It was common for homes to have a storefront facing the street and to treat their courtyards as a kind of warehouse. The city was part of a network of signal towers so effective that messages could be relayed to Beijing —about 1,200 mi (1,931 km) away—in less than 24 hours. The Canton System
8640-399: The capital of a prefecture . From this latter name, Guangzhou was known to medieval Persians such as Al-Masudi and Ibn Khordadbeh as Khanfu ( خانفو ). Under the Southern Han , the city was renamed Xingwang Fu ( 興王府 ). The Chinese abbreviation for Guangzhou is 穗 , pronounced Seoi in Cantonese and Suì in Mandarin—although the abbreviation on car license plates, as with
8775-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
8910-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
9045-409: The city and the surrounding Guangdong province or migrants from other provinces, which shows how much importance the Cantonese language still has in the city despite the strict policy rules from the government to be using Mandarin as the country's official language. Guangzhou has an even more unbalanced gender ratio than the rest of the country. While most areas of China have 112–120 boys per 100 girls,
9180-440: The city as a base to prosecute a renewed revolution in China by conquering the warlords in the north. Although Sun was previously dependent on opportunistic warlords who hosted him in the city, with the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT developed its own military power to serve its ambition. The Canton years saw the evolution of the KMT into a revolutionary movement with a strong military focus and ideological commitment, setting
9315-489: The city's subway lines. The old town of Guangzhou was near Baiyun Mountain on the east bank of the Pearl River (Zhujiang) about 80 mi (129 km) from its junction with the South China Sea and about 300 mi (483 km) below its head of navigation . It commanded the rich alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta , with its connection to the sea protected at the Humen Strait . The present city spans 7,434.4 km (2,870.4 sq mi) on both sides of
9450-405: The completion of a unified Beijing–Guangzhou Railway waited until the completion of Wuhan 's Yangtze River Bridge in 1957. During the late Qing dynasty, Guangzhou was the site of revolutionary attempts such as the Uprisings of 1895 and 1911 that were the predecessors of the successful Xinhai Revolution , which overthrew the Qing dynasty. The 72 revolutionaries whose bodies were found after
9585-412: The constitution triggered the Constitutional Protection Movement . Sun Yat-sen came to head the Guangzhou Military Government supported by the members of the dissolved parliament and the Southwestern warlords. The Guangzhou government fell apart as the warlords withdrew their support. Sun fled to Shanghai in November 1918 until the Guangdong warlord Chen Jiongming restored him in October 1920 during
9720-473: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
9855-521: The country, and the KMT government called for strikes in Canton and Hong Kong. The tensions of the massive strikes and protests led to the Shakee Massacre . After the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925 the mood was changing in the party toward the communists. In August the left-wing KMT leader Liao Zhongkai was assassinated and the right-wing leader Hu Hanmin , the suspected mastermind, was exiled to
9990-583: The daily recreational use of Cantonese, roughly 40%-50% of them participated in these recreational functions with the usage of Cantonese with 51.4% of them in mobile games, 47% in Social Platforms, 44.1% in TV shows, and 39.8% in Books and Newspapers. Despite some decline in the use of Cantonese, it is faring better in survival, popularity, and prestige than other Chinese languages due to the historical pride in
10125-418: The day and were closed at night. The wall rose to incorporate a hill on its northern side and was surrounded on the other three by a moat which, along with the canals, functioned as the city's sewer, emptied daily by the river's tides. A partition wall with four gates divided the northern "old town" from the southern "new town" closer to the river; the suburb of Xiguan (Saikwan; "West Gate") stretched beyond and
10260-595: The decline of Qing prestige and the chaos of the Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856) , the Punti and Hakka waged a series of clan wars from 1855 to 1867 in which one million people died. The foreign trade facilities were destroyed by local Chinese in the Arrow War (1856–1858). The international community relocated to the outskirts and most international trade moved through Shanghai . The concession for
10395-426: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
10530-525: The end of 111 BC. Incorporated into the Han dynasty , Panyu became a provincial capital. In AD 226, it became the seat of Guang Prefecture , which gave it its modern name. The Old Book of Tang described Guangzhou as an important port in southern China. Direct routes connected the Middle East and China, as shown in the records of a Chinese prisoner returning home from Iraq twelve years after his capture at Talas . Relations were often strained: while China
10665-463: The female economic migrants marry men from Guangzhou in hopes of a better life. but like elsewhere in the People's Republic of China , the household registration system ( hukou ) limits migrants' access to residences, educational institutions and other public benefits. It has been noted that many women end up in prostitution. In May 2014, legally employed migrants in Guangzhou were permitted to receive
10800-585: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
10935-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
11070-432: The floating population, is due to the city's fast-growing economy and high labor demands. Guangzhou Mayor Wan Qingliang told an urban planning seminar that Guangzhou is facing a very serious population problem stating that, while the city had 10.33 million registered residents at the time with targets and scales of land use based on this number, the city actually had a population with migrants of nearly 15 million. According to
11205-475: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
11340-459: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
11475-428: The goal for our team brand was to create a symbol for Guangzhou that people from all of the world can instantly recognize," the team's Marketing and Creative Director Chris Hwang said. "We took inspiration from iconic sports logos where simple letters have grown to represent an entire city" Role Star selections All-Star Game selections All-Star Game head coaches On 13 March 2019, GZ Academy, also known as GZA,
11610-557: The implementation of an enforced 2-2-2 role lock by the league, the Charge flourished, losing only one match in their final seven matches to give them a 15–13 record for the season. Finishing in ninth place in the overall standings, Guangzhou qualified for the Play-In Tournament , where they defeated the Chengdu Hunters in the first round, 4–1. However, they were unable to make it season playoffs , as they fell to
11745-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
11880-878: The introduction of new varieties, development, and utilization. Grain, cash crops, livestock, poultry, aquatic products, wild animals, and a wide variety of famous and excellent varieties, including Zengcheng Simiao rice is the first protected variety in Guangzhou City to obtain geographical indications. The geological structure of Guangzhou City is quite complex, with good conditions for mineralization. Forty-seven kinds of minerals (including subspecies) have been discovered, with 820 mineral sites and 25 large and medium-sized mining areas. The main minerals are granite for construction, limestone for cement, ceramic clay, potassium, sodium feldspar, salt mines, manganese, nepheline orthoclase, fluorite, marble, mineral water, and thermal mineral water. Energy minerals and non-ferrous minerals in
12015-558: The island of Tamão . Rumors even circulated that Portuguese were eating the children. The Guangzhou administration was charged with driving them off: they bested the Portuguese at the Battle of Tunmen and in Xicao Bay ; held a diplomatic mission hostage in a failed attempt to pressure the restoration of the sultan of Malacca , who had been accounted a Ming vassal ; and, after placing them in cangues and keeping them for most of
12150-522: The language and culture, as well as the wide popularity and availability of mainstream Cantonese entertainment, which encourages locals to retain the Cantonese language. As of the 2020s, additional renewed efforts were introduced to preserve the local Cantonese language and culture with some limited Cantonese language classes now being taught in some schools as well as hosting Cantonese appreciation cultural events along with hosting activities that cater to
12285-475: The large foreign communities were not exclusively men, but included " Persian females". According to Odoric of Pordenone , Guangzhou was as large as three Venices in terms of area, and rivaled all of Italy in the amount of crafts produced. He also noted the large amount of ginger available as well as large geese and snakes. Guangzhou was visited by the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta during his journey around
12420-629: The latter uprising are honored as the city's 72 Martyrs at the Huanghuagang ("Yellow Flower Mound") Mausoleum. After the assassination of Song Jiaoren and Yuan Shikai 's attempts to remove the Nationalist Party of China from power, the leader of Guangdong Hu Hanmin joined the 1913 Second Revolution against him but was forced to flee to Japan with Sun Yat-sen after its failure. The city came under national spotlight again in 1917, when Prime Minister Duan Qirui 's abrogation of
12555-465: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
12690-426: The local Cantonese culture and language as well as many local Cantonese speaking families are now placing much stronger emphasis on their children to speak Cantonese to preserve the culture and language. In a 2018 report study by Shan Yunming and Li Sheng, the report showed that 90% of people living in Guangzhou are bilingual in both Cantonese and Mandarin, though fluency will vary depending on if they are locally born to
12825-432: The major airport of Guangzhou, briefly became the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic in 2020. Guangzhou is the fifth most populous city by urban resident population in China after Shanghai, Beijing , Shenzhen and Chongqing . In modern commerce, Guangzhou is best known for its annual Canton Fair , the oldest and largest trade fair in China. For three consecutive years (2013–2015), Forbes ranked Guangzhou as
12960-482: The military and begun his Northern Expedition against the warlords of the north. Its success led to the split of the KMT between Wuhan and Nanking and the purge of the communists in the April 12 Incident . Immediately afterwards Canton joined the purge under the auspice of Li Jishen , resulting in the arrest of communists and the suspension of left wing KMT apparatuses and labor groups. Later in 1927 when Zhang Fakui ,
13095-482: The most expensive real estate markets in China. As of the 2020 census, the registered population of the city's expansive administrative area was 18,676,605 individuals (up 47 percent from the previous census in 2010), of whom 16,492,590 lived in 9 urban districts (all but Conghua and Zengcheng ). Due to worldwide travel restrictions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic , Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport ,
13230-496: The most populous built-up metropolitan area in the world, which extends into the neighboring cities of Foshan , Dongguan , Zhongshan , Shenzhen and part of Jiangmen , Huizhou , Zhuhai and Macau , forming the largest urban agglomeration on Earth with approximately 70 million residents and part of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone . Administratively, the city holds subprovincial status and
13365-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
13500-465: The new academy team of Guangzhou Charge, rebranding themselves to T1w.GZA . In 2020, the Charge ended their partnership with T1w. Another OWC team Ignition One (IO) was rebranded to Ultra Prime Academy as the academy team of the Charge. Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write the Chinese language , with
13635-535: The other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
13770-525: The powerholder of Guangdong. In 1931 he threw his weight behind the anti-Chiang schism by hosting a separate Nationalist government in Guangzhou. The opposition to Chiang included KMT leaders like Wang Jingwei , Sun Fo and others from diverse factions. The peace negotiations amid the armed standoff led to the 4th National Congress of Kuomintang being held separately by three factions in Nanjing, Shanghai, and Canton. Resigning all his posts, Chiang pulled off
13905-584: The prefecture generally increases from southwest to northeast, with mountains forming the backbone of the city and the ocean comprising the front. Tiantang Peak is the highest point of elevation at 1,210 m (3,970 ft) above sea level . There are 47 different types of minerals and also 820 ore fields in Guangzhou, including 18 large and medium-sized oil deposits. The major minerals are granite, cement limestone, ceramic clay, potassium, albite, salt mine, mirabilite, nepheline, syenite, fluorite, marble, mineral water, and geothermal mineral water. Since Guangzhou
14040-501: The prefecture's seat of government. The character 廣 or 广 means 'broad' or 'expansive'. Before acquiring its current name, the town was known as Panyu (Punyü; 番禺 ), a name still borne by one of Guangzhou's districts not far from the main city. The origin of the name is still uncertain, with 11 various explanations being offered, including that it may have referred to two local mountains. The city has also sometimes been known as Guangzhou Fu or Guangfu after its status as
14175-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
14310-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
14445-615: The rest of the province, is 粤 ), after its nickname "City of Rice" ( 穗城 . The city has long borne the nickname City of Rams ( 羊城 ) or City of the Five Rams ( 五羊城 ) from the five stones at the old Temple of the Five Immortals said to have been the sheep or goats ridden by the Taoist culture heroes credited with introducing rice cultivation to the area around the time of the city's foundation. The former name "City of
14580-407: The river from 112° 57′ to 114° 03′ E longitude and 22° 26′ to 23° 56′ N latitude in south-central Guangdong. The Pearl is the 4th-largest river of China. Intertidal ecosystems exist on the tidal flat lining the river estuary, however, many of the tidal flats have been reclaimed for agriculture. Baiyun Mountain is now locally referred to as the city's "lung" ( 市 肺 ). The elevation of
14715-426: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
14850-467: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
14985-504: The soldiers at Panyu were so vigilant that they did not remove their armor for three years. Upon the fall of the Qin , General Zhao Tuo established the kingdom of Nanyue and made Panyu its capital in 204 BC. It remained independent throughout the Chu-Han Contention , although Zhao negotiated recognition of his independence in exchange for his nominal submission to the Han in 196 BC. Archeological evidence shows that Panyu
15120-590: The southern Wanghe District and Zengcheng District. The passenger water resources diverted from the Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers into Guangzhou City are 159.15 billion cubic meters, and the passenger water resources diverted from the Dongjiang River into the north mainstream of the Dongjiang River are 14.203 billion cubic meters. meters and the water inflow from the upper reaches of the Zengjiang River
15255-499: The team's head coach on 3 December 2018. On 15 February 2019, Guangzhou Charge played their first regular season OWL match against the Chengdu Hunters , in which the Charge lost 2–3. The team's first victory came a week later – a 4–0 sweep against the Dallas Fuel . The team had a subpar performance throughout the first three stages of the 2019 season, posting a 9–12 record through 21 matches with no stage playoff appearances. After
15390-603: The three major entrances is 137.7 billion cubic meters. Compared with meters, the annual tide can bring a large amount of water, part of which is freshwater resources that can be utilized. Cultivated crops in Guangzhou have the distinctive characteristics of the transition from the tropics to the subtropics, and it is one of the richest regions in China in terms of fruit tree resources, including three major categories of tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones, 41 families, 82 genera and 174 species, totaling more than 500 varieties (among which there are 55 major varieties of lychee). It
15525-651: The tone of the KMT rule of China beyond 1927. In 1924, the KMT made the momentous decision to ally with the Communist Party and the USSR. With Soviet help, KMT reorganized itself along the Leninist line and adopted a pro-labor and pro-peasant stance. The Kuomintang-CCP cooperation was confirmed in the First Congress of the KMT and the communists were instructed to join the KMT. The allied government set up
15660-635: The top two seeds in the Asia region. However, losses to the New York Excelsior and Seoul Dynasty in the Asia Bracket of 2020 Overwatch League playoffs eliminated the Charge from postseason contention. In the 2021 offseason, the Charge released their entire Korean coaching staff, including head coach Cho "J1N" Hyo-jin. Several weeks later, they signed former San Francisco Shock assistant coach Lee "Arachne" Ji-won as their new head coach for
15795-497: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
15930-833: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
16065-423: The upcoming season. Guangzhou also made major changes to their roster in the offseason, parting ways with seven of their players and signing three new ones. After a 1–3 record to start the 2021 season, the Charge released head coach Lee "Arachne" Ji-won and assistant coach Kim "Daemin" Dae-min, on 6 May 2021. The Charge signed their former assistant coach Sung-woo "Sungwoo" Hong as their new head coach on 17 June. With
16200-473: The use of Cantonese in schools and the rise in prestige of Mandarin-speaking Shenzhen. Jinan University released a survey result of the Guangzhou youths born in the year 2000 or after that were part of this educational study showed that 69% could still speak and understand Cantonese, 20% can understand Cantonese, but unable to speak it, and 11% completely had no knowledge of Cantonese. Jinan University's study of these Guangzhou youths also indicated when it came to
16335-463: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
16470-617: The world in the 14th century. He detailed the process by which the Chinese constructed their large ships in the port's shipyards. Shortly after the Hongwu Emperor 's declaration of the Ming dynasty , he reversed his earlier support of foreign trade and imposed the first of a series of sea bans ( 海禁 ). These banned private foreign trade upon penalty of death for the merchant and exile for his family and neighbors. Previous maritime intendancies of Guangzhou, Quanzhou , and Ningbo were closed in 1384 and legal trade became limited to
16605-520: The year 2000, with Huadu and Panyu joining the city as urban districts and Conghua and Zengcheng as more rural counties . The former districts of Dongshan and Fangcun were abolished in 2005, merged into Yuexiu and Liwan respectively. The city acquired Nansha and Luogang . The former was carved out of Panyu , the latter from parts of Baiyun , Tianhe , Zengcheng , and an exclave within Huangpu . The National People's Congress approved
16740-464: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
16875-541: Was an expansive commercial center: in addition to items from central China, archeologists have found remains originating from Southeast Asia , India, and even Africa. Zhao Tuo was succeeded by Zhao Mo and then Zhao Yingqi. Upon Zhao Yingqi 's death in 115 BC, his younger son Zhao Xing was named as his successor in violation of Chinese primogeniture . By 113 BC, his Chinese mother, the Empress Dowager Jiu ( 樛 ) had prevailed upon him to submit Nanyue as
17010-473: Was captured on October 14, 1949. Amid a massive exodus to Hong Kong and Macau , defeated Nationalist forces blew up the Haizhu Bridge across the Pearl River in retreat. The Cultural Revolution had a large effect on the city, with many of its temples, churches and other monuments destroyed during this chaotic period. The People's Republic of China initiated building projects including new housing on
17145-544: Was closed for fifty years after its destruction. Amid the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms that followed the collapse of the Tang dynasty , the Later Liang governor Liu Yan used his base at Panyu to establish a "Great Yue" or " Southern Han " empire, which lasted from 917 to 971. The region enjoyed considerable cultural and economic success in this period. From the 10th to 12th century, there are records that
17280-629: Was estimated at 13,080,500, with 11,264,800 urban residents. Its population density is thus around 1,800 people per km . The built-up area of the Guangzhou proper connects directly to several other cities. The built-up area of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone covers around 17,573 km (6,785 sq mi) and has been estimated to house 22 million people, including Guangzhou's nine urban districts, Shenzhen (5.36m), Dongguan (3.22m), Zhongshan (3.12m), most of Foshan (2.2m), Jiangmen (1.82m), Zhuhai (890k), and Huizhou 's Huiyang District (760k). The total population of this agglomeration
17415-399: Was founded as the academy team of Guangzhou Charge. After a 1–4 finish in their first season of Overwatch Contenders , team shut down on 30 May, citing a focus on preparations for the Charge's 2020 home arena and teamhouse. On 2 July, in the middle of the second season of 2019 Contenders, it was announced that the roster of Chinese Contenders team The One Winner (T1w) had been signed as
17550-512: Was maintained until the outbreak of the First Opium War in 1839. Following a series of battles in the Pearl River Delta , the British captured Canton on March 18, 1841. The Second Battle of Canton was fought two months later. Following the Qing's 1842 treaty with Great Britain , Guangzhou lost its privileged trade status as more and more treaty ports were opened to more and more countries, usually including extraterritorial enclaves. Amid
17685-502: Was occasionally conflated with Guangdong by some authors. It was adopted as the Postal Map Romanization of Guangzhou, and remained the official name until its name change to "Guangzhou". As an adjective, it is still used in describing the people , language , cuisine and culture of Guangzhou and the surrounding Liangguang region. The 19th-century name was " Kwang-chow foo ". A settlement now known as Nanwucheng
17820-534: Was one of the world's greatest ports, organized under the Canton System . The main exports were tea and porcelain . As a meeting place of merchants from all over the world, Guangzhou became a major contributor to the rise of the modern global economy. Guangzhou is the site of the Thirteen Factories , which were the only legal place to conduct foreign trade with China from 1757 to 1842. In
17955-412: Was present in the area by 1100 BC. Some traditional Chinese histories placed Nanwucheng's founding during the reign of King Nan of Zhou , emperor of Zhou from 314 to 256 BC. It was said to have consisted of little more than a stockade of bamboo and mud. Guangzhou, then known as Panyu , was founded on the eastern bank of the Pearl River in 214 BC. Ships commanded by tradespersons arrived on
18090-487: Was recorded on 18 January 1893 and for the station that begun records in 1912 located in Huangpu District, an unofficial record low of −0.3 °C (31.5 °F) was recorded on 8 December 1934. The last recorded snowfall in the city was on January 24, 2016, 87 years after the second last recorded snowfall. Guangzhou is a sub-provincial city . It has direct jurisdiction over eleven districts : Guangzhou
18225-540: Was undergoing the An Lushan Rebellion , Arab and Persian pirates sacked the city on 30 October 758 and in revenge thousands of Arabs and Persians were killed by Chinese rebels in the Yangzhou massacre (760) . In the Guangzhou massacre about 200,000 Arab, Persian and other foreigners were killed by Chinese rebel Huang Chao in 878, along with the city's Jews , Christians , and Parsis . The port
#475524