99-540: Joshua Paul Davis (born June 29, 1972 in San Jose , California ), better known by his stage name DJ Shadow , is an American DJ and record producer. His debut studio album, Endtroducing..... , was released in 1996. He is known for layered production that uses numerous samples, often from obscure sources, to create new compositions and whose music was described in Allmusic as having "revolutionized hip-hop". DJ Shadow
198-472: A synthesizer and vocals from Cecilia's "Crimson Red" and "Outsider Intro" includes an excerpt from Ron Geesin 's "Concrete Line Up" from the 1973 album, As He Stands . San Jose, California San Jose , officially the City of San José ( Spanish for ' Saint Joseph ' / ˌ s æ n h oʊ ˈ z eɪ , - ˈ s eɪ / SAN hoh- ZAY , - SAY ; Spanish: [saŋ xoˈse] ),
297-487: A center of innovation for the mechanization and industrialization of agricultural and food processing equipment. Though not affected as severely as San Francisco, San Jose also suffered significant damage from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . Over 100 people died at the Agnews Asylum (later Agnews State Hospital) after its walls and roof collapsed, and San Jose High School's three-story stone-and-brick building
396-531: A creative designer with ideas and I didn't want to do sales, marketing, finance or manufacturing, all of which Akai was very good at". Linn described the MPC as an attempt to "properly re-engineer" the Linn 9000. He disliked reading instruction manuals and wanted to create an intuitive interface that simplified music production. He designed the functions, including the panel layout and hardware specification, and created
495-683: A democratizing effect on music production, allowing artists to create elaborate tracks without traditional instruments or recording studios. Its pad interface was adopted by numerous manufacturers and became standard in DJ technology. By the late 1980s, drum machines had become popular for creating beats and loops without instrumentalists, and hip hop artists were using samplers to take portions of existing recordings and create new compositions. Grooveboxes , machines that combined these functions, such as those by E-mu Systems , required knowledge of music production and cost up to $ 10,000. The original MPC,
594-497: A group called Nite School Klik released a single called "Posse" on Liquid Amber. In May 2015, Shadow revealed to Billboard that the group was in fact himself and trap producer G Jones working together. The first self-titled EP by Nite School Klik was released on June 9, 2015. In April 2016 Shadow announced a new album entitled The Mountain Will Fall , which was released on June 24 via Mass Appeal Records . A music video for
693-484: A keyboard. The interface was simpler than those of competing instruments, and can be connected to a normal sound system, without the need for a studio. According to Vox , "Most importantly, it wasn't an enormous, stationary mixing panel with as many buttons as an airplane cockpit." Whereas artists had previously sampled long pieces of music, the MPC allowed them to sample smaller portions, assign them to separate pads and trigger them independently, similarly to playing
792-603: A large administrative division created by José de Gálvez , Spanish Minister of the Indies , in order to provide greater autonomy for the Spanish Empire 's borderlands. That year, King Carlos III of Spain approved an expedition by Juan Bautista de Anza to survey the San Francisco Bay Area , in order to choose the sites for two future settlements and their accompanying mission . De Anza initially chose
891-596: A mixed welcome among Shadow's fans. Responding to criticisms, the DJ/producer explained on his blog why he made no apologies: "Repeat Endtroducing over and over again? That was never, ever in the game plan. Fuck that. So I think it's time for certain fans to decide if they are fans of the album, or the artist." Throughout 2007 and 2008, DJ Shadow toured with fellow DJ Cut Chemist in support of their The Hard Sell mixtape, released in January 2007 and recorded during
990-669: A music journalist writing for Mixmag , described the single "In/Flux" as " trip hop ", a term that had already been attached to Bristol, England-based groups Massive Attack and Portishead and the Bristol scene in general in June 1994. He has cited Kurtis Mantronik , Steinski , and Prince Paul as influences on his sample-based sound, further claiming that "lyrics ... were confining, too specific". His music rarely features more than short clips of voices or vocal work. During 1991–1992, DJ Shadow remixes were released on Hollywood BASIC ,
1089-481: A national land conservation organization, reported that San Jose was tied with Albuquerque and Omaha for having the 11th best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked San Jose the nineteenth most walkable of 50 largest cities in the United States. San Jose's trail network of 60 mi (100 km) of recreational and active transportation trails throughout
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#17327940232551188-533: A new art form and allowed for new styles of music. Its affordability and accessibility had a democratizing effect; musicians could create tracks without a studio or music theory knowledge, and it was inviting to musicians who did not play traditional instruments or had no music education. Vox wrote that the MPC "challenged the notion of what a band can look like". The 4x4 grid of pads was adopted by numerous manufacturers and became standard in DJ technology. As of 2018,
1287-580: A new collaboration between Shadow and Nas named "Systematic" premiered on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show. The song was revealed to be part of HBO's Silicon Valley soundtrack. Later that year, in June, Shadow released the EP The Mountain Has Fallen , featuring "Systematic" and "Horror Show", a new single featuring Danny Brown . 2018 saw the release of Live in Manchester: The Mountain Has Fallen ,
1386-515: A nine-track live album recorded at Manchester's Albert Hall on October 5, 2017, as Shadow was touring in support of his previous album and EP. He later announced a double album entitled Our Pathetic Age that was released November 15, 2019. This two-part release includes an instrumental section and a vocal suite, featuring returning collaborators Run the Jewels and Nas , and artists such as Ghostface Killah , De La Soul , and Raekwon . Shadow
1485-600: A personal collection of more than 60,000 records, and "Shadow only keeps a small selection of vinyl at home with the rest occupying storage units around town". His equipment as of 2005, according to Behind the Beat , consists of two Akai MPC 3000s and a Korg Triton . His album Endtroducing was "created on an AKAI MPC60 and an ADAT ". DJ Shadow's work involves manipulating samples, taking rare and seldom-heard pieces of music and reworking them into parts and phrases for his songs. Many of his tracks feature dozens of samples from
1584-612: A political propensity toward Smart Growth planning principles. San Jose is located at 37°20′10″N 121°53′26″W / 37.33611°N 121.89056°W / 37.33611; -121.89056 . San Jose is located within the Santa Clara Valley , in the southern part of the Bay Area in Northern California. The northernmost portion of San Jose touches San Francisco Bay at Alviso , though most of
1683-497: A sample "Building Steam with a Grain of Salt" in a Chevy commercial. In 1998 Shadow released Preemptive Strike , a compilation of 1993–1997 singles released on Mo' Wax. Later that year, he produced Psyence Fiction , the debut album by UNKLE , a long-time Mo' Wax production team that featured guest appearances including Thom Yorke ( Radiohead ), Richard Ashcroft ( The Verve ), Mike D ( Beastie Boys ), Kool G. Rap , and Jason Newsted ( Metallica ). Around 2000 he produced
1782-497: A short-lived rap/hip-hop subsidiary label of Hollywood Records. Notable amongst these is a 1992 compilation release titled "BASIC Beats Sampler", which features a remix of "The Real Deal", a song by Lifers Group , as well as a 12-plus-minute "Mega Mix" of the rest of the album, including tracks by west-coast underground hip-hop act, Raw Fusion and east-coast acts, Organized Konfusion and Zimbabwe Legit. Also in 1992, Shadow contributed scratching and production work to Sleeping with
1881-413: A single with two tracks called "Def Surrounds Us" and "I've Been Trying" and taken from the new album as a preview. While on the 2010 "Shadowsphere" tour new songs began to emerge, although he stated that a new album was not yet ready and that he would continue working toward having it ready in time for his 2011 tour. On May 10, 2011, Shadow released an EP called I Gotta Rokk featuring remixed tracks from
1980-779: A traditional instrument such as a keyboard or drum kit. Rhythms can be built not just from percussion samples but any recorded sound, such as horns or synthesizers. The MPC60 only allows sample lengths of up to 13 seconds, as sampling memory was expensive at the time and Linn expected users to sample short sounds to create rhythms rather long loops. Functions are selected and samples are edited with two knobs. Red "record" and "overdub" buttons are used to save or loop beats. The MPC60 has an LCD screen and came with floppy disks with sounds and instruments. Linn anticipated that users would sample short sounds, such as individual notes or drum hits, to use as building blocks for compositions. However, users began sampling longer passages of music. In
2079-581: A wide array of styles and influences, including rock, soul, funk, experimental, electronic and jazz. Shadow sampled American composer David Axelrod on his collaboration with DJ Krush , "Duality", sampling Axelrod's "The Warnings" (Part 1). The piano in " Midnight in a Perfect World " from 1996's Endtroducing was originally recorded for Pekka Pohjola 's "Sekoilu seestyy". Although Shadow currently uses fewer samples than on his earlier albums, several examples feature on his 2006 album The Outsider . His collaboration with David Banner , "Seein' Thangs", features
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#17327940232552178-533: Is composed entirely of samples. The producer J Dilla disabled the quantize feature on his MPC to create his signature "off-kilter" sampling style. After J Dilla's death in 2006, his MPC was preserved in the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in 2014. The rapper Kanye West used the MPC to compose several of his best-known tracks and much of his breakthrough 2004 album The College Dropout . West closed
2277-602: Is named after el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe ( Spanish for 'the Town of Saint Joseph of Guadalupe '), the city's predecessor, which was eventually located in the area of what is now the Plaza de César Chávez . In the 19th century, print publications used the spelling "San José" for both the city and its eponymous township . On December 11, 1943, the United States Board on Geographic Names ruled that
2376-529: Is notable for its innovation , cultural diversity, affluence , and sunny and mild Mediterranean climate . Its connection to the booming high tech industry phenomenon known as Silicon Valley prompted Mayor Tom McEnery to adopt the city motto of "Capital of Silicon Valley" in 1988 to promote the city. Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Inc. , PayPal , Broadcom , and Zoom maintain their headquarters in San Jose. One of
2475-570: Is seen in the Central Valley . "Rain year" precipitation has ranged from 4.83 in (122.7 mm) between July 1876 and June 1877 to 30.30 in (769.6 mm) between July 1889 and June 1890, although at the current site since 1893 the range is from 5.33 in (135.4 mm) in "rain year" 2020–21 to 30.25 in (768.3 mm) in "rain year" 1982–83. 2020-2021 was the lowest precipitation year ever, in 127 years of precipitation records in San Jose. The most precipitation in one month
2574-561: Is shaken by moderate earthquakes on average one or two times a year. These quakes originate just east of the city on the creeping section of the Calaveras Fault, which is a major source of earthquake activity in Northern California. On April 14, 1984, at 1:15 pm local time, a 6.2 magnitude earthquake struck the Calaveras Fault near San Jose's Mount Hamilton. The most serious earthquake, in 1906, damaged many buildings in San Jose as described earlier. Earlier significant quakes rocked
2673-477: Is spelled in mixed upper- and lowercase letters, but not when the name is spelled only in uppercase letters, as on the city logo. The accent reflects the Spanish version of the name, and the dropping of accents in all-capital writing was once typical in Spanish. While San José is commonly spelled both with and without the acute accent over the "e", the city's official guidelines indicate that it should be spelled with
2772-608: Is the Washington-Guadalupe neighborhood, immediately south of the SoFA District ; this neighborhood is home to a community of Hispanics , centered on Willow Street. San Jose possesses about 15,950 acres (6,455 ha) of parkland in its city limits, including a part of the expansive Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge . The city's oldest park is Alum Rock Park , established in 1872. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land ,
2871-645: Is the largest city in Northern California by both population and area. With a 2022 population of 971,233, it is the most populous city in both the Bay Area and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland Combined Statistical Area —which in 2022 had a population of 7.5 million and 9.0 million respectively —the third-most populous city in California after Los Angeles and San Diego , and the 13th-most populous in
2970-596: The Essential Mix on BBC Radio 1 on March 29, 2003. It was released in 2003 on CD in a pressing limited to 1000 copies on the Reconstruction Productions label. On April 1, 2009, DJ Shadow announced on his Facebook page that he was working on a Diminishing Returns re-release. Reconstruction Productions reissued the album in 2009 with a sticker stating "official, last chance limited edition, re-release". In September 2010, DJ Shadow released
3069-661: The Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe by José Joaquín Moraga , under orders of Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa , Viceroy of New Spain . San Jose served as a strategic settlement along El Camino Real , connecting the military fortifications at the Monterey Presidio and the San Francisco Presidio , as well as the California mission network . In 1791, due to the severe flooding which characterized
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3168-634: The California Trail as part of the Bartleson Party and later acquired a fortune, was the city's first mayor. San Jose was briefly California's first state capital, and legislators met in the city from 1849 to 1851. ( Monterey was the capital during the period of Spanish California and Mexican California ). The first capitol no longer exists; the Plaza de César Chávez now lies on the site, which has two historical markers indicating where California's state legislature first met. In
3267-831: The Californian coast . During this time Alta California and the Baja California peninsula were administered together as Province of the Californias (Spanish: Provincia de las Californias ). For nearly 200 years, the Californias remained a distant frontier region largely controlled by the numerous Native Nations and largely ignored by the government of the Viceroyalty of New Spain in Mexico City . Shifting power dynamics in North America—including
3366-806: The First Mexican Empire in 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence was won against the Spanish Crown , and in 1824, part of the First Mexican Republic . With its newfound independence, and the triumph of the republican movement, Mexico set out to diminish the Catholic Church 's power within Alta California by secularizing the California missions in 1833. In 1824, in order to promote settlement and economic activity within sparsely populated California,
3465-677: The M113 Armored Personnel Carrier , the Bradley Fighting Vehicle , and various subsystems of the M1 Abrams battle tank. IBM established its first West Coast operations in San Jose in 1943 with a downtown punch card plant, and opened an IBM Research lab in 1952. Reynold B. Johnson and his team developed direct access storage for computers, inventing the RAMAC 305 and the hard disk drive ;
3564-769: The Santa Clara Valley , has been home to the Tamien group (also spelled as Tamyen, Thamien) of the Ohlone people since around 4,000 BC . The Tamien spoke Tamyen language of the Ohlone language family . During the era of Spanish colonization and the subsequent building of Spanish missions in California , the Tamien people's lives changed dramatically. From 1777 onward, most of the Tamien people were forcibly enslaved at Mission Santa Clara de Asís or Mission San José where they were baptized and educated to be Catholic neophytes , also known as Mission Indians . This continued until
3663-638: The Santa Cruz Mountains flowing north through San Jose, ending in the San Francisco Bay at Alviso . Along the southern part of the river is the neighborhood of Almaden Valley , originally named for the mercury mines which produced mercury needed for gold extraction from quartz during the California Gold Rush as well as mercury fulminate blasting caps and detonators for the U.S. military from 1870 to 1945. East of
3762-776: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo formally ceded California to the United States, as part of the Mexican Cession . On December 15, 1849, San Jose became the capital of the unorganized territory of California . With California's Admission to the Union on September 9, 1850, San Jose became the state's first capital. On March 27, 1850, San Jose was incorporated . It was incorporated on the same day as San Diego and Benicia ; together, these three cities followed Sacramento as California's earliest incorporated cities. Josiah Belden , who had settled in California in 1842 after traversing
3861-655: The 1846 Bear Flag Revolt , Captain Thomas Fallon led nineteen volunteers from Santa Cruz to the pueblo of San Jose, which his forces easily captured. The raising of the flag of the California Republic ended Mexican rule in Alta California on July 14, 1846. By the end of 1847, the Conquest of California by the United States was complete, as the Mexican–American War came to an end. In 1848,
3960-459: The 2003 invasion of Iraq , DJ Shadow collaborated with Zack de la Rocha on the track "March of Death". The song was released online for free. In 2004, Shadow's first feature-length DVD, Live! In Tune and on Time , was released. It features a live performance in London that combines tracks and samples from past albums as well as his work with UNKLE and Quannum , and emphasizes visuals, with
4059-570: The American engineer Roger Linn , who had designed the successful LM-1 and LinnDrum drum machines in the 1980s. Linn aimed to create an intuitive instrument, with a grid of pads that can be played similarly to a traditional instrument such as a keyboard or drum kit. Rhythms can be created using samples of any sound. The MPC had a major influence on the development of electronic and hip hop music . It led to new sampling techniques, with users pushing its technical limits to creative effect. It had
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4158-755: The British/American victory and acquisition of North America, east of the Mississippi following the 1763 Treaty of Paris , as well as the start of Russian colonization of northwestern North America — prompted Spanish/Mexican authorities to sponsor the Portolá Expedition to survey Northern California in 1769. In 1776, the Californias were included as part of the Captaincy General of the Provincias Internas ,
4257-714: The Enemy , the second release by rapper Paris . Early in 1993, Shadow was a part of the creation of the Solesides underground hip-hop label, in conjunction with Blackalicious and Lyrics Born (whose stage name at the time was Asia Born). The first 12" release on this new imprint was titled "Entropy", with the A-side containing the Asia Born track "Send Them" and a dub rendition of the DJ Shadow track "Count and Estimate", and
4356-638: The Guadalupe River each fall in the 1990s, but have all but vanished in the current decade apparently blocked from access to breeding grounds by impassable culverts, weirs and wide, exposed and flat concrete paved channels installed by the Santa Clara Valley Water District . In 2011 a small number of Chinook salmon were filmed spawning under the Julian Street bridge. Conservationist Roger Castillo, who discovered
4455-753: The Guadalupe River, Coyote Creek also flows to south San Francisco Bay and originates on Mount Sizer near Henry W. Coe State Park and the surrounding hills in the Diablo Range , northeast of Morgan Hill, California . The lowest point in San Jose is 13 ft (4.0 m) below sea level at the San Francisco Bay in Alviso; the highest is 2,125 ft (648 m). Because of the proximity to Lick Observatory atop Mount Hamilton, San Jose has taken several steps to reduce light pollution , including replacing all street lamps and outdoor lighting in private developments with low pressure sodium lamps . To recognize
4554-484: The Lizard Wizard released a remix album titled Butterfly 3001 . Shadow's "re-write" of "Black Hot Soup" was the first track on the album. The book Behind the Beat documents Shadow's home studio (named "Reconstruction") through photos and a brief description (as of 2005). It is "nestled within a leafy San Francisco suburb" and Shadow apparently moved to the area "to be closer to the local record store". He has
4653-532: The MPC continued to be used even with the advent of digital audio workstations , and used models fetched high prices. Engadget wrote that the impact of the MPC on hip hop could not be overstated. The rapper Jehst saw it as the next step in the evolution of the hip hop genre after the introduction of the TR-808 , TR-909 and DMX drum machines in the 1980s. The producer DJ Shadow used an MPC60 to create his influential 1996 album Endtroducing , which
4752-583: The MPC-60, was a collaboration between the Japanese company Akai and the American engineer Roger Linn. Linn had designed the successful LM-1 and LinnDrum, two of the earliest drum machines to use samples (prerecorded sounds). His company, Linn Electronics, had closed following the failure of the Linn 9000 , a drum machine and sampler. According to Linn, his collaboration with Akai "was a good fit because Akai needed
4851-887: The Mexican government began an initiative, for Mexican and foreign citizens alike, to settle unoccupied lands in California. Between 1833 and 1845, thirty-eight rancho land grants were issued in the Santa Clara Valley , 15 of which were located within modern-day San Jose's borders. Numerous prominent historical figures were among those granted rancho lands in the Santa Valley, including James A. Forbes , founder of Los Gatos, California (granted Rancho Potrero de Santa Clara ), Antonio Suñol , Alcalde of San Jose (granted Rancho Los Coches ), and José María Alviso , Alcalde of San Jose (granted Rancho Milpitas ). In 1835, San Jose's population of approximately 700 people included 40 foreigners, primarily Americans and Englishmen . By 1845,
4950-1004: The Pacific Ocean like San Francisco. As a result, the city is somewhat more sheltered from rain, barely avoiding a cold semi-arid ( BSk ) climate. Like most of the Bay Area, San Jose is made up of dozens of microclimates . Because of a more prominent rain shadow from the Santa Cruz Mountains, Downtown San Jose experiences the lightest rainfall in the city, while South San Jose, only 10 mi (16 km) distant, experiences more rainfall, and somewhat more extreme temperatures. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from around 50 °F (10 °C) in December and January to around 70 °F (21 °C) in July and August. The highest temperature ever recorded in San Jose
5049-525: The Santa Clara Valley and, in turn, walling off the expansion of adjacent communities. During his reign, it was said the City Council would vote according to Hamann's nod. In 1963, the State of California imposed Local Agency Formation Commissions statewide, but largely to try to maintain order with San Jose's aggressive growth. Eventually the political forces against growth grew as local neighborhoods bonded together to elect their own candidates, ending Hamann's influence and leading to his resignation. While
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#17327940232555148-419: The Spanish , the area around San Jose was long inhabited by the Tamien nation of the Ohlone peoples of California . San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as the Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe , the first city founded in the Californias . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . Following the American Conquest of California during the Mexican–American War ,
5247-413: The United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 sq mi (466.1 km ). San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County and the main component of the San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area, with an estimated population of around two million residents in 2018. San Jose
5346-450: The accent most of the time and sets forth narrow exceptions, such as when the spelling is in URLs, when the name appears in all-capital letters, when the name is used on social media sites where the diacritical mark does not render properly, and where San Jose is part of the proper name of another organization or business, such as San Jose Chamber of Commerce , that has chosen not to use the accent-marked name. San Jose, along with most of
5445-416: The album's lead single, " Nobody Speak ", featuring rap duo Run the Jewels , was released on August 24, 2016. In collaboration with a Los Angeles record store, Shadow held on September 10 and 11, 2016, the "First Annual DJ Shadow Storage Sale", selling duplicates in his collection, and limited editions of his "The Sideshow" track. It has been an annual event since then and ran until 2019. On April 20, 2017,
5544-408: The associated singles and promotional material was done by Tony Papesh, an artist from San Francisco, California. The album was mixed by Jim Abbiss . On August 12, 2014, Shadow launched his new record label imprint Liquid Amber, releasing The Liquid Amber EP for streaming in accompaniment. Other acts signed to Liquid Amber include Bleep Bloop, Noer the Boy, Mophono, and Ruckazoid. In April 2015,
5643-407: The city council once again adopted "San José" as the spelling of the city name on the city seal, official stationery, office titles and department names. As late as 2010, the 1965 city charter stated the name of the municipal corporation as City of San Jose , without the accent mark, but later editions have added the accent mark. By convention, the spelling San José is only used when the name
5742-513: The city from 17 to 149 sq mi (44 to 386 km ), absorbing the communities named above, changing their status to "neighborhoods." They say San José is going to become another Los Angeles. Believe me, I'm going to do everything in my power to make that come true. Sales taxes were a chief source of revenue. Hamann would determine where major shopping areas would be, and then annex narrow bands of land along major roadways leading to those locations, pushing "tentacles" or "finger areas" across
5841-431: The city in 1839, 1851, 1858, 1864, 1865, 1868 , and 1891. The Daly City Earthquake of 1957 caused some damage. The Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 also did some damage to parts of the city. San Jose's expansion was made by the design of "Dutch" Hamann , the City Manager from 1950 to 1969. During his administration, with his staff referred to as "Dutch's Panzer Division ", the city annexed property 1,389 times, growing
5940-399: The city lies away from the bayshore. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 180.0 sq mi (466 km ), making the fourth-largest city in California by land area (after Los Angeles, San Diego and California City ). San Jose lies between the San Andreas Fault , the source of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake , and the Calaveras Fault . San Jose
6039-485: The city's efforts, the asteroid 6216 San Jose was named after the city. There are four distinct valleys in the city of San Jose: Almaden Valley, situated on the southwest fringe of the city; Evergreen Valley to the southeast, which is hilly all throughout its interior; Santa Clara Valley, which includes the flat, main urban expanse of the South Bay; and the rural Coyote Valley , to the city's extreme southern fringe. The extensive droughts in California , coupled with
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#17327940232556138-437: The city's name should be spelled "San Jose" based on local usage and the formal incorporated name. In the 1960s and 1970s, some residents and officials advocated for returning to the original spelling of "San José", with the acute accent on the "e", to acknowledge the city's Mexican origin and Mexican-American population. On June 2, 1969, the city adopted a flag designed by historian Clyde Arbuckle that prominently featured
6237-514: The city. Besides those mentioned above, some well-known communities within San Jose include Japantown , Rose Garden , Midtown San Jose , Willow Glen , Naglee Park , Burbank , Winchester , Alviso , East Foothills , Alum Rock , Communications Hill , Little Portugal , Blossom Valley , Cambrian , Almaden Valley , Little Saigon , Silver Creek Valley , Evergreen Valley , Mayfair , Edenvale , Santa Teresa , Seven Trees , Coyote Valley , and Berryessa . A distinct ethnic enclave in San Jose
6336-476: The city. The major trails in the network include: This large urban trail network, recognized by Prevention Magazine as the nation's largest, is linked to trails in surrounding jurisdictions and many rural trails in surrounding open space and foothills. Several trail systems within the network are designated as part of the National Recreation Trail, as well as regional trails such as the San Francisco Bay Trail and Bay Area Ridge Trail. Early written documents record
6435-446: The company and its assets were purchased by Numark . Akai has continued to produce MPC models without Linn. Linn was critical, saying: "Akai seems to be making slight changes to my old 1986 designs for the original MPC, basically rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic ." Instead of the switches and small hard buttons of earlier devices, the MPC has a 4x4 grid of large pressure-sensitive rubber pads which can be played similarly to
6534-606: The drainage of the reservoir at Anderson Lake for seismic repairs, have strained the city's water security . San Jose has suffered from lack of precipitation and water scarcity to the extent that some residents may run out of household water by the summer of 2022. San Jose, like most of the Bay Area, has a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csb ), with warm to hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. San Jose has an average of 298 days of sunshine and an annual mean temperature of 61.4 °F (16.3 °C). It lies inland, surrounded on three sides by mountains, and does not front
6633-448: The entire B-side consisting of the 17-plus-minute title track. Rapper Gift of Gab is featured in the version of "Count and Estimate" that appears in Entropy. Shadow continued to participate in releases on the Solesides label for years to come, until the label was disbanded in favor of Quannum Projects . Also in 1993, Mo' Wax's James Lavelle contacted Shadow about releasing "In/Flux" on the fledgling imprint. The association with Mo' Wax
6732-409: The forthcoming album, titled The Less You Know, the Better . A second single "I'm Excited" was also released, featuring Afrikan Boy , on July 7, 2011. However the single was pulled because of copyright infringement. The infringement also delayed the album's release. Another song from the album, titled "Warning Call", featuring Tom Vek , was released on September 7, 2011. The artwork for this album,
6831-416: The help of Bay Area projection artist Ben Stokes. In 2006, he signed a deal with Universal Records , on which would be released The Outsider , on September 18. A special edition CD box set was also released containing The Outsider , the album on CD and a DVD entitled Tour Visuals. This album, which prominently featured several artists from the local San Francisco Bay Area hyphy hip hop movement, got
6930-426: The incorporations of Campbell and Cupertino , development was not slowed, but rather directed into already-incorporated areas. San Jose's position in Silicon Valley triggered further economic and population growth. Results from the 1990 U.S. Census indicated that San Jose surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in the Bay Area for the first time. This growth led to the highest housing-cost increase in
7029-446: The inscription "SAN JOSÉ, CALIFORNIA". On June 16, 1970, San Jose State College officially adopted "San José" as the city's name, including in the college's own name. On August 20, 1974, the San Jose City Council approved a proposal by Catherine Linquist to rename the city "San José" but reversed itself a week later under pressure from residents concerned with the cost of changing typewriters, documents, and signs. On April 3, 1979,
7128-599: The job was not complete, the trend was set. The city had defined its sphere of influence in all directions, sometimes chaotically leaving unincorporated pockets to be swallowed up by the behemoth, sometimes even at the objection of the residents. Major thoroughfares in the city include Monterey Road , the Stevens Creek Boulevard / San Carlos Street corridor, Santa Clara Street / Alum Rock Avenue corridor, Almaden Expressway , Capitol Expressway , and 1st Street (San Jose) . The Guadalupe River runs from
7227-565: The local presence of migrating salmon in the Rio Guadalupe dating as far back as the 18th century. Both steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) and King salmon are extant in the Guadalupe River , making San Jose the southernmost major U. S. city with known salmon spawning runs, the other cities being Anchorage ; Seattle ; Portland and Sacramento . Runs of up to 1,000 Chinook or King Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) swam up
7326-510: The mission was secularized by the Mexican Government in 1833. A large majority of the Tamien died either from disease in the missions, or as a result of the state sponsored genocide . Some surviving families remained intact, migrating to Santa Cruz after their ancestral lands were granted to Spanish and Mexican Immigrants. California was claimed as part of the Spanish Empire in 1542, when explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo charted
7425-581: The most recent snow to remain on the ground was on February 5, 1976, when many residents around the city saw as much as 3 in (0.076 m) on car and roof tops. The official observation station measured only 0.5 in (0.013 m) of snow. The city is generally divided into the following areas: Central San Jose (centered on Downtown San Jose ), West San Jose , North San Jose , East San Jose , and South San Jose . Many of San Jose's districts and neighborhoods were previously unincorporated communities or separate municipalities that were later annexed by
7524-430: The nation, 936% between 1976 and 2001. Efforts to increase density continued into the 1990s when an update of the 1974 urban plan kept the urban growth boundaries intact and voters rejected a ballot measure to ease development restrictions in the foothills. As of 2006, sixty percent of the housing built in San Jose since 1980 and over three-quarters of the housing built since 2000 have been multifamily structures, reflecting
7623-432: The period 1900 through 1910, San Jose served as a center for pioneering invention, innovation, and impact in both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air flight. These activities were led principally by John Montgomery and his peers. The City of San Jose has established Montgomery Park, a Monument at San Felipe and Yerba Buena Roads, and John J. Montgomery Elementary School in his honor. During this period, San Jose also became
7722-409: The population of the pueblo had increased to 900, primarily due to American immigration. Foreign settlement in San Jose and California was rapidly changing Californian society, bringing expanding economic opportunities and foreign culture. By 1846, native Californios had long expressed their concern for the overrunning of California society by its growing and wealthy Anglo-American community. During
7821-601: The pueblo, San Jose's settlement was moved approximately a mile south, centered on the Pueblo Plaza (modern-day Plaza de César Chávez ). In 1800, due to the growing population in the northern part of the Californias, Diego de Borica , Governor of the Californias, officially split the province into two parts: Alta California ( Upper California ), which would eventually become several western U.S. states , and Baja California ( Lower California ), which would eventually become two Mexican states . San Jose became part of
7920-400: The rehearsals of a June 2007 show. The duo had already produced several mixtapes in the past, most notably Brainfreeze and Product Placement , mixing jazz, funk, and soul. They were joined by Kid Koala, and the rehearsals of this tour spawned The Hard Sell (Encore) , a "refined" version of the duo's set. Diminishing Returns was a 2-hour DJ mix originally broadcast as an episode of
8019-554: The remains of a mammoth on the banks of the Guadalupe River in 2005, found that a herd of tule elk ( Cervus canadensis ) had recolonized the hills of south San Jose east of Highway 101 in early 2019. MPC60 The Akai MPC (originally MIDI Production Center , now Music Production Center ) is a series of music workstations produced by Akai from 1988 onwards. MPCs combine sampling and sequencing functions, allowing users to record portions of sound, modify them and play them back as sequences. The first MPCs were designed by
8118-410: The score for the documentary Dark Days filmed by British director Marc Singer . This film is about a community of transients who live underground in a subway tunnel. It has six award wins in various competitions. Shadow also starred in the 2001 movie Scratch , produced by Doug Pray , alongside Z-Trip , Grand Wizard Theodore , Mix Master Mike and DJ Qbert . He makes multiple appearances during
8217-603: The site for a military settlement in San Francisco, for the Royal Presidio of San Francisco , and Mission San Francisco de Asís . On his way back to Mexico from San Francisco, de Anza chose the sites in Santa Clara Valley for a civilian settlement, San Jose, on the eastern bank of the Guadalupe River , and a mission on its western bank, Mission Santa Clara de Asís . San Jose was officially founded as California's first civilian settlement on November 29, 1777, as
8316-632: The software with his team. He credited the circuitry to a team led by the English engineer David Cockerell. Akai handled the production engineering, making the MPC "more manufacturable". The first model, the MPC60 ( MIDI Production Center), was released on December 8, 1988, and retailed for $ 5,000. It was followed by the MPC60 MkII and the MPC3000. After Akai went out of business in 2006, Linn left
8415-506: The surrounding hills. The CZU lightning complex fires took almost 5 months to fully be controlled. Over 86,000 acres were burned and nearly 1500 buildings were destroyed. The snow level drops as low as 4,000 ft (1,220 m) above sea level, or lower, occasionally coating nearby Mount Hamilton and, less frequently, the Santa Cruz Mountains , with snow that normally lasts a few days. Snow will snarl traffic traveling on State Route 17 towards Santa Cruz . Snow rarely falls in San Jose;
8514-478: The technological side of San Jose's economy grew. During the 1950s and 1960s, City Manager A. P. "Dutch" Hamann led the city in a major growth campaign. The city annexed adjacent areas, such as Alviso and Cambrian Park , providing large areas for suburbs. An anti-growth reaction to the effects of rapid development emerged in the 1970s, championed by mayors Norman Mineta and Janet Gray Hayes . Despite establishing an urban growth boundary , development fees, and
8613-443: The territory was ceded to the United States in 1848. After California achieved statehood two years later, San Jose was designated as the state's first capital. Following World War II , San Jose experienced an economic boom, with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 1960s. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated
8712-560: The transition from an agricultural center to an urbanized metropolitan area. Results of the 1990 U.S. census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California. By the 1990s, San Jose had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries and was California's fastest-growing economy for 2015–2016. Between April 2020 and July 2022, San Jose lost 42,000 people, 4.1% of its population, dropping to 12th, and then 13th largest city position in largest city ranking. San Jose
8811-480: The turntable and digging sections of the movie. Nearly six years after his debut production album, his second album, The Private Press , was released in June 2002. A video for his track " Six Days " was also released in 2002, directed by Wong Kar-wai . A remix of "Six Days" was also produced and released on The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift soundtrack, featuring Mos Def . In protest at
8910-408: The wealthiest major cities in the world, San Jose has the third-highest GDP per capita (after Zurich and Oslo ) and the fifth-most expensive housing market. It is home to one of the world's largest overseas Vietnamese populations, a Hispanic community that makes up over 40% of the city's residents, and historic ethnic enclaves such as Japantown and Little Portugal . Before the arrival of
9009-501: The words of Greg Milner, the author of Perfecting Sound Forever , musicians "didn't just want the sound of John Bonham's kick drum, they wanted to loop and repeat the whole of ' When the Levee Breaks '." Linn said: "It was a very pleasant surprise. After 60 years of recording, there are so many prerecorded examples to sample from. Why reinvent the wheel?" The MPC's ability to create percussion from any sound turned sampling into
9108-414: Was 109 °F (43 °C) on September 6, 2022; the lowest was 18 °F (−7.8 °C) on January 6, 1894. On average, there are 2.7 mornings annually where the temperature drops to, or below, the freezing mark; and sixteen afternoons where the high reaches or exceeds 90 °F or 32.2 °C. Diurnal temperature variation is far wider than along the coast or in San Francisco but still a shadow of what
9207-409: Was 12.38 in (314.5 mm) in January 1911. The maximum 24-hour rainfall was 3.60 in (91.4 mm) on January 30, 1968. On August 16, 2020, one of the most widespread and strong thunderstorm events in recent Bay Area history occurred as an unstable humid air mass moved up from the south and triggered multiple dry thunderstorms which caused many fires to be ignited by 300+ lightning strikes in
9306-582: Was a productive one; his tracks "In/Flux" and "Lost and Found" made their way onto some releases over the next few years. Shadow also worked with DJ Krush during this period. On a 1995 visit to the Mo' Wax Studios in London, England, Shadow was recruited to perform scratches on a Lavelle and Tim Goldsworthy mix of the Massive Attack song " Karmacoma ". Shadow's first full-length work, Endtroducing..... ,
9405-646: Was also destroyed. The period during World War II was tumultuous; Japanese Americans primarily from Japantown were sent to internment camps , including the future mayor Norman Mineta . Following the Los Angeles zoot suit riots , anti-Mexican violence took place during the summer of 1943. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported San Jose's population as 98% white. As World War II started, the city's economy shifted from agriculture (the Del Monte cannery
9504-433: Was approached by Deftones to contribute to their White Pony 20th anniversary re-issue remix project, Black Stallion . Singer Chino Moreno explained that they originally wanted him to remix the whole album, citing him as an inspiration at the time they recorded it. He ended up remixing " Digital Bath ", alongside other confirmed producers such as Trevor Jackson and Clams Casino . In January 2022, King Gizzard &
9603-707: Was experimenting with a four-track recorder while in high school in Davis, California , and began his music career as a disc jockey for the University of California, Davis , campus radio station KDVS . During this period, he explored the experimental hip-hop style associated with the London-based Mo' Wax record label. His early singles, including "In/Flux" and "Lost and Found (S.F.L.)", were genre-bending, merging elements of funk , rock , hip hop , ambient , jazz , soul , and used-bin found records. Andy Pemberton,
9702-618: Was released in late 1996 to critical acclaim. Endtroducing would go on to make Guinness' Guinness World Records book for "First Completely Sampled Album" in 2001. The only pieces of equipment Shadow used to produce the album were the AKAI MPC60 12-bit sampling drum machine, a pair of turntables and a borrowed-by-visiting Pro Tools setup from an early adopter of the technology, Dan "The Automator" Nakamura . In November 2006, Time magazine named it one of its "All-Time" 100 best albums. In November 2014, automobile maker Chevrolet used
9801-606: Was the largest employer and closed in 1999 ) to industrial manufacturing with the contracting of the Food Machinery Corporation (later known as FMC Corporation ) by the United States War Department to build 1,000 Landing Vehicle Tracked . After World War II, FMC (later United Defense , and currently BAE Systems ) continued as a defense contractor , with the San Jose facilities designing and manufacturing military platforms such as
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