43-450: Damudarpur is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State , India. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the district's headquarters, Jalandhar , and 142 kilometres (88 mi) from the state capital, Chandigarh . The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India) . This article related to
86-803: A nomadic , pastoral , ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and is native to the Balochistan region of South and Western Asia , encompassing the countries of Pakistan , Iran , and Afghanistan . There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia , and the Arabian Peninsula . The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of
129-516: A Baloch mother singing lullabies to her children has played an important role in the transfer of knowledge from generation to generation since ancient times. Apart from the dressing style of the Baloch, indigenous and local traditions and customs are also of great importance to the Baloch. Baloch Culture Day is celebrated by the Balochi people annually on 2 March with festivities to celebrate their rich culture and history. Traditionally, Jalal Khan
172-590: A Balochi legend is backed up by the medieval Qarmatians . The fact that the Kalmatis were ethnic Baluchis is also confirmed by the Persian historian in the 16th century Muhammad Qasim Ferishta . According to another historian Ali Sher Kanei , the author of Tuhfatul Kiram, in his history written in 1774 A.D, he believes that only the Rind tribe from Jalal Khan , a descendant of Muhammad ibn Harun, nicknamed Makurani,
215-673: A location in Jalandhar district , Punjab , India is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jalandhar district Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab , India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar . Before the Partition of India , Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division , with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur , Ludhiana , Ferozepur and Kangra . The entire Jalandhar Division
258-533: A result of the generally unstable conditions in the Caspian area. The migrations occurred over several centuries. By the 9th century, Arab writers refer to the Baloch as living in the area between Kerman , Khorasan , Sistan , and Makran in what is now eastern Iran. Although they kept flocks of sheep, the Baloches also engaged in plundering travelers on the desert routes. This brought them into conflict with
301-493: A series of raids across Jalandhar as he challenged the authority of the Sultan. In 1441, Jalandhar came under the authority of Bahlol Lodi who was appointed governor of Lahore province. Lodi made peace with Jasrath, rebelled and in 1450 became sovereign of Delhi. When Babur invaded northern India in 1524 he granted the jagir of Jalandhar to Daulat Khan Lodi at whose instigation he had come. The following year Lodi revolted and
344-507: A sharia-compliant Pakistan state, liberating Muslims from oppression, etc. In 2020, 800,000 Pakistani Balochis were estimated to follow the Zikri sect. A small number of Balochs are non-Muslims, particularly in the Bugti clan which has Hindu and Sikh members. There are Hindu Balochs in the Bugti , Marri , Rind , Bezenjo, Zehri , Mengal and other Baloch tribes. The Bhagnaris are
387-473: Is a direct descendant of Hamza . Based on an analysis of the linguistic connections of the Balochi language, which is one of the Western Iranian languages , the original homeland of the Balochi tribes was likely to the east or southeast of the central Caspian region. The Baloch began migrating towards the east in the late Sasanian period. The cause of the migration is unknown but may have been as
430-572: Is now Syria . They claim to be descendants of Ameer Hamza , uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who settled in Halab, present-day Aleppo . After the fight against second Umayyad Caliph Yazid I at Karbala in 680, in which Ameer Hamza's descendants supported and fought alongside Husayn ibn Ali , descendants of Ameer Hamza migrated to east or southeast of the central Caspian region , specially toward Sistan , Iran. Dayaram Gidumal writes that
473-675: Is observed by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang in the seventh century, and Kalhana records the defeat of Prithvi Chandra Raja of Trigartta by Sankara Varmma of Kashmir towards the end of the ninth century. Jalandhar became part of the Persianate Ghaznavid Empire during the reign of Ibrahim Shah sometime between 1058 and 1098, and by 1240, it was a fief of the Delhi Sultanate . In 1298, an army led by Ulugh Khan and Zafar Khan defeated in battle, and forced
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#1732765511664516-632: Is the most common paternal clade . Haplogroup L-M20 is the most common paternal clade in Makran . The majority of the Baloch people in Pakistan are Sunni Muslims: 64.78% belong to the Deobandi movement, 33.38% to the Barelvi movement, and 1.25% to the Ahl-i Hadith movement. Shia Muslims comprise 0.59% of Balochs. Although Baloch leaders, backed by traditional scholarship, have held that
559-854: The Buyids , and later the Ghaznavids and the Seljuqs . Adud al-Dawla of the Buyid dynasty launched a punitive campaign against them and defeated them in 971–972. After this, the Baloch continued their eastward migration towards what is now the Balochistan province of Pakistan, although some remained behind and there are still Baloch in the eastern parts of the Iranian Sistan-Baluchestan and Kerman provinces. Upon arrival, various people's of non-Baloch origins were absorbed into
602-697: The Indian Independence Act 1947 stipulated the partition of the Punjab, and on 17 August the Radcliffe Line was announced, placing Jalandhar in the new Dominion of India. As Jalandhar had a Muslim plurality at the time (45.23 per cent per the 1941 census) it led to significant demographic change in the district, with the Muslim population becoming refugees in Pakistan, and an influx of Hindus and Sikhs arriving having abandoned their homes in
645-604: The Jamhoori Watan Party from 2006 until his death in 2015. There are 98,000 Marri based in Kohlo district in 2008, who further divide themselves into Gazni Marri, Bejarani Marri, and Zarkon Marri. Violent intertribal competition has prevented any credible attempt at creating a nation-state . A myriad of militant secessionist movements, each loyal to their own tribal leader, threatens regional security and political stability. For most Balochs, haplogroup R1a
688-558: The Little Ice Age and settled in Sindh and Punjab . The Little Ice Age is conventionally defined as a period extending from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, or alternatively, from about 1300 to about 1850. Although climatologists and historians working with local records no longer expect to agree on either the start or end dates of this period, which varied according to local conditions. According to Professor Baloch,
731-604: The Trans Sutlej States . When the Indian Rebellion of 1857 began, Jalandhar was strategically important as a main line of communication between the Punjab and Delhi. Incidents of mutiny originated in Jalandhar and Phillaur cantonments, however they were suppressed by the 8th Foot who in turn were strengthened by troops provided by Randhir Singh of Kapurthala , John Nicholson 's moveable column and
774-667: The Afghan general and captured Jalandhar. In 1758, the Mahrattas , at the instigation of Adina Beg, invaded the Punjab, defeating the Afghans, and installing Adina Beg as governor of the entire province. Adina Beg died in 1759, and in 1761 the Afghans returned, taking control of the Punjab, and driving out the Mahrattas. The death of Adina Beg coincided with the start of increasing Sikh influence in Jalandhar, with many sardars dating
817-610: The Baloch might be the Gwalior inscription of the Gurjara-Pratihara ruler Mihira Bhoja (r. 836–885), which says that the dynasty's founder Nagabhata I repelled a powerful army of Valacha Mlecchas , translated as "Baluch foreigners" by D. R. Bhandarkar . The army in question is that of the Umayyad Caliphate after the conquest of Sindh . According to Baloch lore, their ancestors hail from Aleppo in what
860-433: The Baloch people are secular, Christine Fair and Ali Hamza found during their 2017 study that, when it comes to Islamism , "contrary to the conventional wisdom, Baloch are generally indistinguishable from other Pakistanis in Balochistan or the rest of Pakistan". There are virtually no statistically significant or substantive differences between Balochi Muslims and other Muslims in Pakistan in terms of religiosity, support for
903-462: The Baloch tribal system, which has been a major phenomenon throughout the history of Baloch people, and today a significant Baloch population in Pakistan has diverse origins. By the 13th–14th centuries, waves of Baloch were moving into Sindh, and by the 15th century into the Punjab. According to Dr. Akhtar Baloch, professor at University of Karachi , the Balochis migrated from Balochistan during
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#1732765511664946-581: The Tiwana horse under Sher Muhammad Khan. In 1858, Jalandhar became part of the British Raj and in 1863 became administratively part of Punjab province . The first case of the plague in the Punjab was reported in the village of Khatkar Kalan in 1897. In early 1947, communal tensions heightened in Jalandhar and across the Punjab. In March riots occurred in the district following speeches made by Congress and Sikh leaders at Lahore. In June 1947,
989-503: The US state of New Mexico . This gives it a ranking of 208th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 831 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,150/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.16%. Jalandhar has a sex ratio of 913 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 91.4%. Scheduled Castes made up 38.95% of
1032-605: The acquisition of their estates from 1759. The Dallewalia Misl , one of twelve Sikh Misls that came to dominate the Punjab during this period originated in the southern extremities of the district. In 1766 the Faizullapuria Misl of Khushal Singh captured the town of Jalandhar and thereafter entrenched their power in the district. In 1811, Ranjit Singh despatched Dewan Mokham Chand to annex Faizullapuria dominions in Jalandhar . By August that year, Budh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, had fled and Jalandhar came under
1075-704: The age of 5 years, in Jalandhar, as of year 2020. The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Jalandhar of women between the ages of 15 to 49 years, as of year 2020. The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Jalandhar district by year. Jalandhar has a major sports items manufacturing industry. It produces around 90% of all sports items produced in Punjab . Baloch people Second language: The Baloch ( / b ə ˈ l oʊ tʃ / bə- LOHCH ) or Baluch ( / b ə ˈ l uː tʃ / bə- LOOCH ; Balochi : بلۏچ , romanized: Balòc , plural بلۏچانٚ ) are
1118-631: The climate of Balochistan was very cold and the region was inhabitable during the winter so the Baloch people migrated in waves and settled in Sindh and Punjab . The area where the Baloch tribes settled was disputed between the Persian Safavids and the Mughal emperors . Although the Mughals managed to establish some control over the eastern parts of the area, by the 17th century, a tribal Brahui leader named Mir Hasan established himself as
1161-722: The control of Lahore and part of the Sikh Empire . The petty sardars of the district were gradually ousted from their estates, and were replaced by the direct management of the Sikh governors. During both the First Anglo-Sikh War and Second Anglo-Sikh War no significant battle took place in Jalandhar. Following the British victory in 1846, Jalandhar was ceded to the East India Company becoming part of
1204-494: The figure at over 150 tribes, though estimates vary depending on how subtribes are counted. The tribes, known as taman , are led by a tribal chief, the tumandar . Subtribes, known as paras, are led by a muqaddam. Five Baloch tribes derive their names from Khan's children. Many, if not all, Baloch tribes can be categorized as either Rind or Lashari based on their actual descent or historical tribal allegiances that developed into cross-generational relationships. This basic division
1247-782: The first "Khan of the Baloch". In 1666, he was succeeded by Mir Aḥmad Khan Qambarani who established the Khanate of Kalat under the Ahmadzai dynasty. Originally in alliance with the Mughals, the Khanate lost its autonomy in 1839 with the signing of a treaty with the British colonial government and the region effectively became part of the British Raj . Gold ornaments such as necklaces and bracelets are an important aspect of Baloch women's traditions and among their most favoured items of jewellery are dorr , heavy earrings that are fastened to
1290-432: The head with gold chains so that the heavy weight will not cause harm to the ears. They usually wear a gold brooch ( tasni ) that is made by local jewellers in different shapes and sizes and is used to fasten the two parts of the dress together over the chest. In ancient times, especially during the pre-Islamic era, it was common for Baloch women to perform dances and sing folk songs at different events. The tradition of
1333-695: The name of the ethnic group derives from 'Balaschik' living in Balasagan , between the Caspian Sea and Lake Van in present-day Turkey and Azerbaijan, who are believed to have migrated to Balochistan during the Sasanian times. The remnants of the original name such as "Balochuk" and "Balochiki" are said to be still used as ethnic names in Balochistan. Some other writers suggest a derivation from Sanskrit words bal , meaning strength, and och meaning high or magnificent. An earliest Sanskrit reference to
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1376-424: The new Pakistan. The district is divided into five tehsils : In addition there are a further five sub-tehsils: Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 13 Lok Sabha constituencies in Punjab. There are also nine Punjab Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the district: According to the 2011 census Jalandhar district has a population of 21,93,590 roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or
1419-403: The population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Jalandhar district. Languages of Jalandhar district (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 88.15% of the population spoke Punjabi and 9.83% Hindi as their first language. Hindi is predominantly spoken in urban areas. The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below
1462-399: The population. The table below shows the sex ratio of Jalandhar district through decades. The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Jalandhar district. Hinduism is the majority religion. In rural areas, Hindus and Sikhs are in roughly equal proportions, but in urban areas, Hindus are predominant. The table below shows
1505-459: The region's infrastructure, and many villages were founded. The town of Phillaur dates from this period, when it was selected for one of the serais on the Delhi to Lahore road, whilst the town of Nurmahal was re-established by Jahangir's consort Nur Jahan , who is believed to have been raised there. Mughal administrative authority in Jalandhar lasted into the reign of Muhammad Shah , evidenced by
1548-532: The retreat of invading Mongols of the Chagatai Khanate . The sack and plunder of Delhi by Timur in 1398 gravely weakened the Delhi Sultanate and ushered in a period of lawlessness in the country. In 1416, the governor of Jalandhar, Malik Tughan assassinated the governor of Sirhind, and later rebelled against Khizr Khan , before being defeated. In the following years Jasrath Khokhar led
1591-614: The significant number of land grants in the district issued by the Emperor. Nader Shah's invasion of India , culminating in the sack of Delhi in 1739, effectively ended Mughal imperial power. During his fourth invasion, Nurmahal was plundered and its inhabitants slaughtered. In 1756, Adina Beg , Arain (descendants of Arab invaders accompanied with Muhammad Bin Qasim via Sindh later in 15th century) settled in Jalandhar, assisted militarily by Jassa Singh Ramgarhia , defeated Sarbuland Khan,
1634-581: The total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan , while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number reside in the Pakistani Punjab . They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, and around 2% of the populations of both Iran and Afghanistan. The exact origin of the word "Baloch" is unclear. According to the Baloch historian Naseer Dashti (2012),
1677-477: Was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned. Parmar Rajputs established ancient city of Jalandhar in the 7th century, which is presently known as Jalandhar district . The City consistently had to deter invasion, which were endeavours of invaders. Jalandhar was the site of the Katoch Rajput kingdom of Jalandhara, also known as Trigartta. The date of its founding is unclear, but its presence
1720-648: Was accentuated by a war lasting 30 years between the Rind and Lashari tribes in the 15th century. In 2008, there were 180,000 Bugti based in Dera Bugti District . They are divided between the Rahija Bugti, Masori Bugti, Kalpar Bugti, Marehta Bugti and other sub-tribes. Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti led the Bugti as Tumandar until his death in 2006. Talal Akbar Bugti was the tribal leader and President of
1763-484: Was defeated by Babur. In 1540, Babur's son Humayun was expelled by Sher Shah Suri and Jalandhar became part of the Sur Empire . On Humayun's return in 1555, Jalandhar was occupied by his general Bairam Khan and later Akbar . Whilst Akbar had moved east to fight Hemu , Sikandar Suri defeated Khizr Khan, governor of Lahore, at Chamiari in the north of the district. On Akbar's return to Jalandhar, Mughal hegemony
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1806-563: Was re-established. With the regaining of Humayun lot of Muslim tribes such as Baloch , Syed and Arain (the descendants of Arab invaders accompanied with Muhammad Bin Qasim were settled in Sindh and Balochistan fetch up in Jalandhar Doaba region. During Akbar's reign, the city of Jalandhar became one of his mint cities. In 1594, the town of Kartarpur was founded by Guru Arjan on land granted by Akbar. The reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan saw significant improvements to
1849-689: Was the ruler and founder of the first Balochi confederacy in 12th century. (He may be the same as Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu the last ruler of the Khwarezmian Empire . ) Jalal Khan left four sons – Rind Khan , Lashar Khan, Hoth Khan , Korai Khan and a daughter, Bibi Jato, who married his nephew Murad. As of 2008 it was estimated that there were between eight and nine million Baloch people living in Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. They were subdivided between over 130 tribes. Some estimates put
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