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Quiz Show is a 1994 American historical mystery - drama film directed and produced by Robert Redford . Dramatizing the Twenty-One quiz show scandals of the 1950s, the screenplay by Paul Attanasio adapts the memoirs of Richard N. Goodwin , a U.S. Congressional lawyer who investigated the accusations of game-fixing by show producers. The film chronicles the rise and fall of popular contestant Charles Van Doren after the fixed loss of Herb Stempel and Goodwin's subsequent probe.

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106-439: Denis Sanders (January 21, 1929 – December 10, 1987) was an American film director, screenwriter and producer who directed the debut performances of Robert Redford and Tom Skerritt in the 1962 film War Hunt . He won two Academy Awards , the first for Best Short Subject in 1955 for A Time Out of War that had served as his master's degree thesis at UCLA and which he co-scripted with his brother Terry Sanders ; and

212-483: A Golden Globe for best new star, he played a bisexual movie star who marries starlet Natalie Wood , and rejoined her along with Charles Bronson for Sydney Pollack 's This Property Is Condemned (1966) — again, as her lover, though this time in a film which achieved even greater success. The same year saw his first teaming (on equal footing) with Jane Fonda , in Arthur Penn 's The Chase . This film marked

318-566: A cameo appearance in Avengers: Endgame , filmed in 2017 prior to the completion of the former film. In his directing debut, Redford won the 1980 Academy Award for Best Director for the film Ordinary People . He was a 2002 Academy Honorary Award recipient at the 74th Academy Awards. In 2017, he was awarded the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at the 74th Venice Film Festival . On February 22, 2019, Redford received

424-453: A grand jury to look into his allegations. Richard Goodwin , a young Congressional lawyer, learns that the grand jury findings have been sealed and travels to New York City to investigate rumors of rigged quiz shows. Visiting a number of contestants, including Stempel and Van Doren, he begins to suspect that Twenty-One is a fixed operation. Stempel's volatile personality damages his credibility, and nobody else seems willing to confirm that

530-484: A platform-release strategy geared to generate interest in and publicity for the film by releasing it in a limited number of theaters before opening wider. The Shawshank Redemption , released around the same time, was distributed in a similar manner, but as with Quiz Show , it was a box-office failure. Quiz Show opened in New York on September 14, 1994 and expanded to 27 screens for the weekend, grossing $ 757,714,

636-420: A prison warden attempting to reform the system. Soon after that, he starred in the baseball drama The Natural (1984). Sydney Pollack's Out of Africa (1985), with Redford in the male lead role opposite Meryl Streep , became a large box office success (combined 1985 and 1986 grosses placed it at No. 5 for 1986), won a Golden Globe for Best Picture, and won seven Oscars , including Best Picture. Streep

742-452: A through line , which complicated the writing of the screenplay. In depicting the themes of ethnic conflict between White Anglo-Saxon Protestants and Jewish characters, Attanasio borrowed from his experiences as a member of an Italian-American family. His relatives were outraged by the stereotypical depiction of Italians as loudmouth gangsters in the media. He also integrated the duplicitous personalities of those with whom he had worked in

848-648: A "bad" student, finding inspiration outside the classroom in art and sports. He hit tennis balls with Pancho Gonzales at the Los Angeles Tennis Club to help Gonzales warm up for matches. After graduating from high school in 1954, he attended the University of Colorado in Boulder for a year and a half, where he was a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity . While there, he worked at

954-505: A "monarchy in disguise" and stated "[i]t's time for Trump to go." Redford later co-authored another op-ed in which he criticized Trump's handling of the coronavirus pandemic while also citing the collective public response to the pandemic as a model for how to respond to climate change. He criticized the decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement . In July 2020, Redford penned an op-ed in which he stated President Trump lacks

1060-508: A "moral compass." In the same piece, he announced that he would be voting for Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election . Redford was opposed to the TransCanada Corporation 's Keystone Pipeline . In 2013, he was identified by its CEO, Russ Girling , for leading the anti-pipeline protest movement. In April 2014, Redford, a Pitzer College Trustee, and Pitzer College President Laura Skandera Trombley announced that

1166-645: A cantankerous rancher who is forced to take in his estranged daughter-in-law (Jennifer Lopez)—whom he blames for his son's death—and the granddaughter he never knew he had when they fled an abusive relationship. The film, which sat on the shelf for many months while its distributor Miramax was restructured, was generally dismissed as clichéd and overly sentimental. Meanwhile, Redford returned to familiar territory when he reteamed with Meryl Streep 22 years after they starred in Out of Africa , for his personal project Lions for Lambs (2007), which also starred Tom Cruise . After

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1272-508: A coming-of-age road film about a young medical student, Ernesto "Che" Guevara, and his friend Alberto Granado. It also explored the political and social issues of South America that influenced Guevara and shaped his future. With five years spent on the film's making, Redford was credited by director Walter Salles for being instrumental in getting it made and released. Back in front of the camera, Redford received good notices for his role in director Lasse Hallström 's An Unfinished Life (2005) as

1378-646: A deal with Showtime to start a 24-hour cable television channel devoted to airing independent films. The Sundance Channel premiered on February 29, 1996. On August 9, 1958, Redford married Lola Van Wagenen in Las Vegas. A second reception was held at Lola's grandmother's home on September 12. They had four children: Scott Anthony Redford (September 1, 1959 – November 17, 1959), Shauna Jean Redford (b. November 15, 1960), David James Redford (May 5, 1962 – October 16, 2020), and Amy Hart Redford (b. October 22, 1970). Redford and Van Wagenen never publicly announced

1484-496: A director, A River Runs Through It , in 1992, which was a return to mainstream success for Redford as a director and brought a young Brad Pitt to greater prominence. In 1993, he played what became one of his most popular and recognized roles, starring in Indecent Proposal as a billionaire businessman who tests a couple's morals; the film became one of the year's biggest hits. He co-starred with Michelle Pfeiffer in

1590-687: A director, A River Runs Through It , in 1992. He went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show . In 1981 Redford cofounded the Sundance Resort and Film Institute . His later film roles include All Is Lost (2013), Truth (2015), Our Souls at Night (2017), and The Old Man & the Gun (2018). Redford portrayed Alexander Pierce in Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). Redford

1696-435: A disgraced Army general sent to prison in the prison drama The Last Castle (2001), directed by Rod Lurie. In the same year, Redford reteamed with Brad Pitt for Spy Game , another success for the pair but with Redford switching this time from director to actor. During that time, he planned to direct and star in a sequel of The Candidate but the project never happened. Redford, a leading environmental activist, narrated

1802-402: A great deal of hype, the film opened to mixed reviews and disappointing box office. Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "Lions for Lambs is so square it’s like something out of the gray twilight glow of the golden age of television. Even the military plot, which clunks, seems to be taking place on stage." In 2010, Redford released The Conspirator , a period drama revolving around

1908-535: A lucrative contract to appear as a special correspondent on the morning Today show. The House Committee for Legislative Oversight convenes a hearing, at which Goodwin presents his evidence of the quiz show's corruption. Stempel testifies at the hearing but fails to convince the committee, and both NBC network head Robert Kintner and Geritol executive Martin Rittenhome deny any knowledge of Twenty-One being rigged. Subpoenaed by Goodwin, Van Doren testifies before

2014-689: A man lost at sea. He received acclaim for his performance in the film, in which he is its only cast member and there is almost no dialogue. Redford was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor , his first time winning an acting honour from that group (he had been nominated in 1969 for Downhill Racer ). Ali Arikan wrote in RogerEbert.com , "Chandor plays to Redford's strengths: his battered visage, calm determination, and detachment from

2120-662: A minor role. The film's stars were Anthony Perkins , Jane Fonda (her debut), and Ray Walston . After his Broadway success, he was cast in larger feature roles in movies. In 1960, Redford was cast as Danny Tilford, a mentally disturbed young man trapped in the wreckage of his family garage, in "Breakdown", one of the last episodes of the syndicated adventure series, Rescue 8 , starring Jim Davis and Lang Jeffries . Redford earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont (ABC, 1962). One of his last television appearances until 2019

2226-399: A prominent literary family, visits their office to audition for a different, less difficult show by the same producers, Tic-Tac-Dough . Realizing that they have found an ideal challenger for Stempel, they offer to ask the same questions during the show which Van Doren correctly answered during his audition. He refuses, but when he nears a game-winning 21 points on the show, he is asked one of

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2332-455: A real and living thing", but also criticized Turturro's and Morrow's exaggerated performances. Charles Van Doren said: "I understand that movies need to compress and conflate, but what bothered me most was the epilogue stating that I never taught again. I didn't stop teaching, although it was a long time before I taught again in a college. I did enjoy John Turturro's version of Stempel. And I couldn't help but laugh when Stempel referred to me in

2438-626: A restaurant/bar called The Sink, where a painting of his likeness now figures prominently among the bar's murals. While at Colorado, Redford began drinking heavily and, as a result, lost his half-scholarship and was kicked out of school. He went on to travel in Europe , living in France , Spain , and Italy . He later studied painting at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and took classes at

2544-574: A role as a lifelong bank robber feels like a fitting cap to a career effectively launched half a century ago with his role alongside Paul Newman in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ." In August 2018, Redford announced his retirement from acting after completion of the film, though the following month, Redford stated that he "regretted" announcing his retirement because "you never know". He briefly reprised his role as Alexander Pierce for

2650-403: A score of 18-10. The film's magnification of the role that Twenty-One and its producer Albert Freedman played in the scandal was criticized by Jeff Kisslehoff, who wrote The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920-1961 , as well as Freedman himself. Kisslehoff argued that the dishonest practice originated in the radio era when players were overtly coached. Goodwin's role in the investigation

2756-540: A secure bank vault to the studio. The evening's main attraction is Queens resident Herb Stempel , the reigning champion, who correctly answers every single question he is asked. Eventually, both the network and the program's corporate sponsor, the supplementary tonic Geritol , begin to fear that Stempel's approval ratings are beginning to level out, and decide that the show would benefit from new talent. Producers Dan Enright and Albert Freedman are surprised when Columbia University instructor Charles Van Doren , son of

2862-508: A separation or divorce, but in 1982, entertainment columnist Shirley Eder reported that the pair "have been very much apart for a number of years." In 1991, Parade magazine stated, "it is unclear whether the divorce has been finalized." Many websites say they were divorced in 1985. Scott Redford died of sudden infant death syndrome at the age of 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 months and is buried at Provo City Cemetery in Provo, Utah . Shauna Redford

2968-501: A slew of superb performances, Quiz Show intelligently interrogates the erosion of public standards without settling on tidy answers." Film critic Roger Ebert awarded the film three and a half stars out of four, calling the screenplay "smart, subtle and ruthless." Web critic James Berardinelli praised the "superb performances by Fiennes" and wrote that "John Turturro is exceptional as the uncharismatic Herbie Stempel." Writing for Entertainment Weekly , Owen Gleiberman highlighted

3074-657: A solid resemblance to Rather but not quite enough to make you forget whom you’re watching, plays the veteran newsman with easy gravitas, inner strength and a gentle paternal twinkle, with little display of the anger and volatility for which he was often known over the course of his storied career." In 2016, he took the supporting role of Mr. Meacham in the Disney remake Pete's Dragon . The next year, Redford starred in The Discovery and Our Souls at Night , both released on Netflix streaming in 2017. The latter film, which

3180-735: A son named Charles, the first in line to have been given the name. Regarding Redford's maternal lineage, the Harts were Irish from Galway and the Greens were Scots-Irish who settled in the United States in the 18th century. Redford's family lived in Van Nuys while his father worked in El Segundo . Robert attended Van Nuys High School , where he was classmates with baseball pitcher Don Drysdale . He has described himself as having been

3286-426: A strong cast that featured Paul Scofield , John Turturro , Rob Morrow , and Ralph Fiennes . David Ansen of Newsweek wrote, "Robert Redford may have become a more complacent movie star in the last decade, but he has become a more daring and accomplished filmmaker. "Quiz Show" is his best movie since "Ordinary People". Redford continued as a major star throughout the 1990s and 2000s. He released his third film as

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3392-461: A well-crafted, though not commercially successful, screen version of John Nichols 's acclaimed novel of the Southwest. The Milagro Beanfield War is the story of the people of Milagro, New Mexico (based on the real town of Truchas in northern New Mexico), overcoming big developers who set about to ruin their community and force them out with tax increases. Other directorial projects have included

3498-636: Is a literary agent and film producer. Robert Redford Charles Robert Redford Jr. (born August 18, 1936) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received numerous accolades such as an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , and two Golden Globe Awards , as well as the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1994, the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1996, the Academy Honorary Award in 2002,

3604-608: Is a painter and married to journalist Eric Schlosser . James Redford was a writer and producer, while Amy Redford is an actress, director, and producer. Redford has seven grandchildren. On July 11, 2009, Redford married his longtime girlfriend, Sibylle Szaggars, at the Louis C. Jacob Hotel in Hamburg , Germany. She had moved in with Redford in 1996 and shared his home in Sundance, Utah . In May 2011, Robert Redford: The Biography

3710-541: Is in response to a three-point question with the score 18-10 in his favor. In reality, the question was worth five points and the score was 16-10. The film also presents this as the deciding moment of the game, with Van Doren correctly answering the next question about the Civil War to win. Van Doren's next question was actually about Pizarro 's conquest of the Incas , and Stempel correctly replied to his next question about

3816-461: Is no longer awarded. In 1976, Robert Redford published The Outlaw Trail: A Journey Through Time . Redford states, "The Outlaw Trail. It was a name that fascinated me - a geographical anchor in Western folklore. Whether real or imagined, it was a name that, for me, held a kind of magic, a freedom, a mystery. I wanted to see it in much the same way as the outlaws did, by horse and by foot, and document

3922-521: Is the first quote on the back cover of Donald Trump 's book Crippled America (2015), saying of Trump's candidacy, "I'm glad he's in there, being the way he is, and saying what he says and the ways he says it, I think shakes things up and I think that is very needed." A representative later clarified that Redford's statement, taken from a longer conversation with Larry King, was not intended to endorse Trump for president. In 2019, Redford penned an op-ed in which he referred to Trump's administration as

4028-780: Is the president and co-founder of Sundance Productions, with Laura Michalchyshyn. Most recently, Sundance Productions produced Chicagoland (CNN) , Cathedrals of Culture ( Berlin Film Festival ), The March (PBS) and Emmy nominee All The President's Men Revisited ( Discovery ), Isabella Rossellini 's Green Porno Live! , and To Russia With Love on Epix . Since founding the nonprofit Sundance Institute in Park City, Utah, in 1981, Redford has been deeply involved with independent film . Through its various workshop programs and popular film festival, Sundance has provided support for independent filmmakers. In 1995, Redford signed

4134-660: The American Academy of Dramatic Arts (Class of 1959) in New York City. Redford's career, like that of many major stars who emerged in the 1950s, began in New York City, where the actor found work both on stage and in television. His Broadway debut was in a small role in Tall Story (1959), followed by parts in The Highest Tree (1959) and Sunday in New York (1961). His biggest Broadway success

4240-672: The Honorary César at the 44th César Awards in Paris. Redford attended the University of Colorado in the 1950s and received an honorary degree in 1988. In 1989, the National Audubon Society awarded Redford its highest honor, the Audubon Medal. In 1995, he received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Bard College . Redford received an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts from Brown University at

4346-555: The Kennedy Center Honors in 2005, the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016, and the Honorary César in 2019. He was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2014. Appearing onstage in the late 1950s, Redford's television career began in 1960, with appearances on Alfred Hitchcock Presents in 1961 and The Twilight Zone in 1962. His greatest Broadway success

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4452-698: The Sundance Film Festival , which became the country's largest festival for independent films. In 2008, Sundance exhibited 125 feature-length films from 34 countries, with more than 50,000 attendees in Salt Lake City , and Park City, Utah . Robert Redford also founded the Sundance Institute ; Sundance Cinemas ; Sundance Catalog; and the Sundance Channel ; all in and around Park City, 30 miles (48 km) north of

4558-420: The "combination of elements" required for the character and awarded the part to British actor Ralph Fiennes . To prepare for the role, Fiennes viewed clips of Van Doren on Twenty-One and televised interviews with him, and he also visited Van Doren's Cornwall, Connecticut home. Although the men did not meet, Fiennes gained a sense of atmosphere from Van Doren's home. Paul Newman was initially considered for

4664-663: The 240th Commencement exercises on May 25, 2008, with the actor also speaking at the ceremonies. He was a 2010 recipient of the New Mexico Governor's Award for Excellence in the Arts. On May 24, 2015, Redford delivered the commencement address and received an honorary degree from Colby College in Maine. In 1996, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts from President Bill Clinton . On October 14, 2010, Redford

4770-548: The Constitution and it jump-starts his political career. What used to ruin your life gets you invited on 'Oprah' and a fat book deal. Shame is for losers; public confession and a 12-step program can turn you into a role model." Quiz Show was released in September 1994. although some reports from late 1993 indicated that the film was planned to be distributed in the first half of 1994. With Quiz Show , Disney launched

4876-528: The IMAX documentary Sacred Planet (2004), a sweeping journey across the globe to some of its most exotic and endangered places. In The Clearing (2004), a thriller co-starring Helen Mirren, Redford was a successful businessman whose kidnapping unearths the secrets and inadequacies that led to his achieving the American Dream. Redford stepped back into producing with The Motorcycle Diaries (2004),

4982-452: The Oscar for Best Supporting Actor . The film is one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade, winning four Academy Awards , including Best Director for Redford himself, and Best Picture . Critic Roger Ebert declared the film as a "is an intelligent, perceptive, and deeply moving film." Later that year he appeared in the prison drama Brubaker (1980), playing

5088-651: The Republican nomination for Utah's 3rd congressional district in 1990. Redford also supported Gary Herbert , another Republican and a friend, in Herbert's successful 2004 campaign to be elected Utah's Lieutenant Governor . Herbert later became Governor of Utah . As an avid environmentalist, Redford is a trustee of the Natural Resources Defense Council . He endorsed Democratic President Barack Obama for re-election in 2012. Redford

5194-498: The Sundance Kid, he won a British Academy of Film and Television Award (BAFTA) for that role and his parts in Downhill Racer (1969) and Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here (1969). The latter two films and the subsequent Little Fauss and Big Halsy (1970), and The Hot Rock (1972) were not commercially successful. Redford had long harbored ambitions to work on both sides of the camera. As early as 1969, Redford had served as

5300-597: The Sundance festival. However, according to festival director Moritz de Hadeln , the festival had agreed to promote Quiz Show only if Redford had attended. His failure to attend eroded his relationship with Disney and other film-festival organizers, and it negatively impacted promotion for the film's international release. In countries such as Germany and France, Quiz Show generally performed far better in big cities than in smaller towns and attracted more female viewers than male. In Italy, despite much press and interest in

5406-494: The Sundance ski area. Redford also owned a Park City restaurant, Zoom, that closed in May 2017. Robert Redford is the co-owner of Wildwood Enterprises, Inc ., with Bill Holderman, producer, with the following film credits: Lions for Lambs ; Quiz Show ; A River Runs Through It ; Ordinary People ; The Horse Whisperer ; The Legend of Bagger Vance ; Slums of Beverly Hills ; The Motorcycle Diaries ; and The Conspirator . Redford

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5512-826: The Triskelion. Redford was a co-producer and, with Emma Thompson and Nick Nolte , acted in the film A Walk in the Woods (2015), based on Bill Bryson 's book of the same name. Redford had optioned the film rights for the book from Bryson after reading it more than a decade earlier, with the intent of costarring in it with Paul Newman but had shelved the project after his death. The same year, he played news anchor Dan Rather in James Vanderbilt 's Truth alongside Cate Blanchett . The film received mixed reviews with Justin Chang of Variety noting, "Redford, who bears

5618-613: The actor's offscreen concerns for political causes. The film landed eight Academy Award nominations, including for Best Picture and Best Director ( Alan J. Pakula ), while winning for the Best Screenplay (Goldman). It won the New York Film Critics Award for Best Picture and Best Director. In 1977, Redford appeared in a segment of the war film A Bridge Too Far (1977). Then he took a two-year hiatus from movies, before starring as past-his-prime rodeo star in

5724-518: The adventure with text and photographs." All the President's Men (1976), in which Redford and Hoffman play Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein , was a landmark film for Redford. Not only was he the executive producer and co-star, but the film's serious subject matter — the Watergate scandal — and its attempt to create a realistic portrayal of journalism also reflected

5830-495: The adventure-romance The Electric Horseman (1979). This film reunited him with Jane Fonda , finishing at No. 9 in the box office for 1980. His first film as director was the drama film Ordinary People (1980), a drama about the slow disintegration of an upper-middle class family after the death of a son. Redford was credited with obtaining a powerful dramatic performance from Mary Tyler Moore , as well as superb work from Donald Sutherland and Timothy Hutton , who also won

5936-606: The assassination of Abraham Lincoln . Redford appeared in the 2011 documentary Buck by Cindy Meehl , where he discussed his experiences with title subject Buck Brannaman during the production of The Horse Whisperer . In 2012, Redford directed The Company You Keep , in which he starred as a former Weather Underground activist who goes on the run after a journalist discovers his identity. The film starred himself, Shia LaBeouf and Julie Christie . In 2013, Redford starred in All Is Lost , directed by J.C. Chandor , about

6042-490: The character extremely menacing." Quiz Show has been categorized as a Faustian tale about the loss of innocence (both for its three main characters and the entire country), temptation with money, moral ambiguity , positive guises hiding negative actions, the cult of celebrity , the negative side effects of fame, the power and corruption of big business and mass media, the consequences of overcompetitiveness in business, racial , ethnic and class conflict and

6148-935: The college will divest fossil fuel stocks from its endowment; at the time, it was the higher education institution with the largest endowment in the US to make this commitment. The press conference was held at the LA Press Club. In November 2012, Pitzer launched the Robert Redford Conservancy for Southern California Sustainability at Pitzer College. Quiz Show (film) The film stars John Turturro as Stempel, Rob Morrow as Goodwin, and Ralph Fiennes as Charles Van Doren. Paul Scofield , David Paymer , Hank Azaria , Martin Scorsese , Mira Sorvino , and Christopher McDonald play supporting roles. The real Goodwin and Stempel served as technical advisors to

6254-432: The committee and admits his role in the deception. After the hearing adjourns, he learns from reporters that he has been fired from Today and that Columbia's board of trustees will be asking for his resignation. Goodwin believes that he is close to a victory against Geritol and NBC, but realizes that Enright and Freedman will not jeopardize their own futures in television by turning against their bosses. He silently watches

6360-468: The credit for uncovering the scandal when the film was released. Goodwin's wife Doris Kearns Goodwin apologized to Stone about the film. Other dramatic liberties involved simplifications, such as the character of Van Doren, who is a "shallow icon" devoid of the ambiguities of the actual Van Doren, the Chicago Reader analyzed. In a July 2008 edition of The New Yorker , Van Doren wrote about

6466-480: The crime caper The Sting (1973). He continued to star in such films as The Way We Were (1973), All the President's Men (1976), and The Electric Horseman (1979). Redford made his directorial film debut with Ordinary People (1980), which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director . During this time, he starred in films such as Brubaker (1980), The Natural (1984), and Out of Africa (1985). He released his third film as

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6572-458: The discord between education and entertainment . Attanasio, Redford and many film critics considered Quiz Show ' s subject matter essential, as it marked the beginning of the country's loss of innocence and faith in its trusted institutions that was exacerbated by events such as the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal . Reviews from TV Guide and Newsweek noted that in

6678-430: The east side of Mount Timpanogos northeast of Provo , Utah, called "Timp Haven". He renamed it " Sundance " after his Sundance Kid character. Redford's ex-wife Lola was from Utah and they had built a home in the area in 1963. Portions of the movie Jeremiah Johnson (1972), a film which is both one of Redford's favorites and one that has heavily influenced him, was shot near the ski area. Redford went on to create

6784-470: The era of the film's release, scandals and culturally unacceptable behaviors were more expected and less shocking to the American public than they had been in the 1950s. Newsweek wrote: "Neck high in '90s cynicism, it's hard to believe the tremors these scandals provoked. [...] In the '50s, Ingrid Bergman was blacklisted from Hollywood for having a baby out of wedlock. Today, Oliver North makes hash of

6890-407: The events depicted in the film. He agreed with many of the details but wrote that his girlfriend at the time of his Twenty-One appearances was not depicted in the film. He also noted that he continued teaching after the scandal, contradicting the film's epilogue that states that he never returned to academia. For legal reasons, the name of Matthew Rosenhaus, CEO of the company that owned Geritol ,

6996-555: The executive producer for Downhill Racer . The political satire The Candidate (1972) was a moderate box office and critical success. Starting in 1973, Redford experienced an almost-unparalleled four-year run of box office success. The western Jeremiah Johnson ' s (1972) box office earnings from early 1973 until its second re-release in 1975 would have placed it as the No. 2 highest-grossing film of 1973. The romantic period drama with Barbra Streisand , The Way We Were (1973),

7102-400: The exemplary quality, skill and innovation of their work, but also in their public commitment to social responsibility, to increasing awareness of global issues and events, and to inspiring and empowering young people." With the financial proceeds of his acting success, starting with his salaries from Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and Downhill Racer , Redford bought a ski area on

7208-418: The fifth-highest-grossing opening weekend for a film showing on fewer than 50 screens. It grossed $ 792,366 in its first five days. The film gradually expanded over the next four weeks to a maximum of 822 screens and grossed a total of $ 24,822,619 in the U.S. and Canada. In the U.S., the film's box-office performance began to fall even after its four Academy Award nominations, dropping 63% in weekly grosses for

7314-531: The film industry in order to incorporate themes of disillusion. Redford first read a rough draft after completing production of A River Runs Through It (1992), "looking for something edgier, faster-paced, urban, where I could move the camera more." Barry Levinson 's Baltimore Pictures and TriStar Pictures began development of a film project based on the quiz-show scandal, which proved difficult to sell because of its uncommercial style and subject matter. TriStar placed it in turnaround in September 1992, and it

7420-583: The film, it was not a commercial success. The film performed well in Spain, where it grossed $ 368,000 within six days during a 31-screen run. The film grossed an international total of $ 1.4 million by February 12, 1995. It finally grossed $ 27.4 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $ 52.2 million. Quiz Show currently holds a 97% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 117 reviews, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The site's consensus states: "Directed with sly refinement by Robert Redford and given pizazz by

7526-559: The first in a series of scandals . . . that have left us numbed, unsure of what or who to believe." A 1992 documentary on the scandal produced by Julian Krainin as an installment of the PBS series American Experience predated the film. Quiz Show is based on a chapter of the book Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties (1988) by Richard N. Goodwin , who also was one of the film's many producers. Paul Attanasio began writing

7632-804: The newsroom romance Up Close & Personal (1996), and with Kristin Scott Thomas and a young Scarlett Johansson in The Horse Whisperer (1998), which he also directed. Redford also continued work in films with political contexts, such as Havana (1990), playing Jack Weil, a professional gambler in 1959 Cuba during the Revolution, as well as Sneakers (1992), in which he co-starred with River Phoenix and Sidney Poitier . Redford also directed Matt Damon and Will Smith in The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000). He appeared as

7738-490: The niche he was seeking in George Roy Hill 's Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), scripted by William Goldman , in which he was paired for the first time with Paul Newman . The film was a huge success and made him a major bankable star, cementing his screen image as an intelligent, reliable, sometimes sardonic good guy. While Redford did not receive an Academy Award or Golden Globe nomination for playing

7844-509: The offer for Quiz Show : "I knew this was the one. It had the cachet of Bob Redford and was incredibly well-written." In getting the idea of the character of Goodwin, Morrow read four of his books. Levinson was originally attached to the project as director, but because of his commitment to the film Bugsy (1991), the job went to Redford. However, Levinson was then cast by Redford for the part of Dave Garroway , as Redford liked his "easygoing, casual manner" and interest in 1950s culture. For

7950-661: The only time Redford would star with Marlon Brando . Fonda and Redford were paired again in the popular big-screen version of Barefoot in the Park (1967) and were again co-stars many years later in Pollack's The Electric Horseman (1979), followed 38 years later with a Netflix feature, Our Souls at Night . After this initial success, Redford became concerned about his blond male stereotype image and refused roles in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and The Graduate . Redford found

8056-509: The period drama A River Runs Through It (1992), based on Norman Maclean 's novella starring Craig Sheffer , Brad Pitt , and Tom Skerritt . Redford received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Director . In 1994 he directed the exposé Quiz Show about the quiz show scandal of the late 1950s. In the latter film, Redford worked from a screenplay by Paul Attanasio with noted cinematographer Michael Ballhaus and

8162-469: The producers' testimony, vindicating the sponsors and the network from any wrongdoing, and taking full responsibility for rigging the show. Disgusted, he steps outside and sees Van Doren, who waves at him before boarding a taxi. Although much of Quiz Show is generally accurate based on the actual events, its use of artistic license generated controversy and criticism (especially in regard to character changes) by critics and real-life figures involved with

8268-406: The production. The film received generally positive reviews and was nominated for several awards, including a Best Picture Oscar nomination and several Golden Globe Awards , but was a financial disappointment, grossing $ 52.2 million against a $ 31 million budget. In 1958, the questions and answers to be used for the latest broadcast of NBC 's popular quiz show Twenty-One are transported from

8374-653: The questions from his audition. After a moment of moral indecision, he gives the correct answer. Stempel deliberately misses an easy question and loses, having been promised a future in television if he does so. In the subsequent weeks, Van Doren's winning streak makes him a national celebrity, but he reluctantly buckles under the pressure and allows Enright and Freedman to start giving him the answers. Meanwhile, Stempel, having lost his prize money to an unscrupulous bookie , begins threatening legal action against NBC after weeks pass without his return to television. He visits New York County District Attorney Frank Hogan , who convenes

8480-455: The richest prizes in the arts, given annually to "a man or woman who has made an outstanding contribution to the beauty of the world and to mankind's enjoyment and understanding of life." The University of Southern California (USC) School of Dramatic Arts announced the first annual Robert Redford Award for Engaged Artists in 2009. According to the school's website, the award was created "to honor those who have distinguished themselves not only in

8586-572: The role of Mark Van Doren, but he declined. In May 1993, Chris O'Donnell was reported to be talking with Redford about appearing in the film, but he was not cast. Turturro found it easy to assume the Stempel's character, but he gained 25 pounds for the role and altered his voice to mimic Stempel's. After his initial success in Northern Exposure (1990–1995), Rob Morrow was offered several film roles but rejected them until he accepted

8692-460: The scandal. The artistic licenses included compressing three years of scandal into one, changing the location of Van Doren's first meeting with Goodwin, altering the start time of Goodwin's investigation, and making Van Doren's choice to incorrectly answer a question his own instead of that of NBC. The fateful episode in which Van Doren defeated Stempel is inaccurately portrayed. In the film, Stempel's intentionally incorrect response about Marty

8798-425: The scene involving J. Fred Muggs , a chimpanzee "unnerved by the lights and cameras" was found, as no animals trained for film production were available. Martin Scorsese was cast by Redford for his physical features as well as for "his own personal style and delivery, so I found it interesting to have him play a tough character gently. And given his delivery style, in which he talks real fast, I thought it would make

8904-456: The screenplay in 1990, joining immediately for the subject matter's "complex ironies," such as with its main characters. Completing many drafts over the course of three years, Attanasio wrote the script by watching clips of Twenty-One , reading old articles about the scandal, learning about the 1950s television landscape at the Museum of Broadcasting and meeting with Goodwin. Redford researched

9010-556: The second for Best Documentary in 1970 for Czechoslovakia 1968 . In 1958, he teamed up again with Terry Sanders to adapt Norman Mailer 's World War II novel The Naked and the Dead . He was born in New York City, the son of sculptor and designer Altina Schinasi . He died from a heart attack in San Diego, California , where he was professor and film maker in residence at San Diego State University . His daughter, Victoria Sanders,

9116-449: The show is fixed. Fearing Goodwin will give up the investigation, Stempel confesses that he was fed the correct answers during his run on the show, and insists that Van Doren must have been involved as well. Another former contestant gives Goodwin a set of answers that he mailed to himself two days before his quiz show appearance, which Goodwin takes to be corroborating evidence. A guilt-ridden Van Doren deliberately loses, but NBC offers him

9222-411: The show, "Watching him and the other contestants was irresistible. The actor in me looked at the show and felt I was watching other actors. It was too much to believe, but at the same time, I never doubted the show. I hadn't had evidence television could trick us. But the merchant mentality was already taking hold, and as we know now, there's little morality there." Redford described the scandal as "really

9328-589: The spy thriller Three Days of the Condor (1975), alongside Faye Dunaway , which finished at Nos. 16 and 17 in box office grosses for 1975, respectively. In 1976 he co-starred with Dustin Hoffman in the No. 2 highest-grossing film for the year, the critically acclaimed All the President's Men . In 1975, 1977 and 1978, Redford won the Golden Globe for Favorite World Film Star, a popularity-based award that

9434-454: The supporting performance of Paul Scofield as Mark Van Doren, stating that "it's in the relationship between the two Van Dorens that Quiz Show finds its soul." Kenneth Turan called Scofield's performance his best since A Man for All Seasons (1966) and suggested that the film "would have been a very different experience" without Fiennes' "ability to project the pain behind a well-mannered facade, to turn intellectual and emotional agony into

9540-529: The topic by reading Dan Wakefield 's book New York in the Fifties and brought Wakefield to the film set as an advisor who also was given a cameo appearance. Redford had known Goodwin since appearing in The Candidate (1972), and he helped Attanasio integrate Goodwin's personality into the script. Because the story lacked a protagonist , Attanasio employed "shifting points of view" while maintaining

9646-603: The vagaries of a "normal" existence. In return, Redford gives the performance of the latter half of his career in a role that is not just physically, but also psychologically demanding". In April 2014, Redford played the main antagonist of the Marvel Studios superhero film Captain America: The Winter Soldier , Alexander Pierce , the head of S.H.I.E.L.D. and leader of the Hydra cell operating

9752-401: The voyages of Christopher Columbus . This forced a 21-21 tie and a new game to determine the winner. The incorrect answer that doomed Stempel occurred in the second game in response to a question about newspaperman William Allen White . Both Van Doren and Stempel then correctly answered a question about the wives of King Henry VIII , and the game ended when Van Doren elected to stop, winning by

9858-664: The week of March 12, 1995. Following its theatrical run, Quiz Show ran at international festivals, such as the 1995 Berlin International Film Festival and the Chinese edition of the Sundance Film Festival , which ran from October 5 to 12, 1995. Five weeks prior to the Berlin festival, Redford informed Disney that he would not attend because of his work in Up Close and Personal (1996) and commitment to

9964-569: Was also produced by Redford, reunited him with co-star Jane Fonda for the fourth time and garnered positive reviews. Redford played bank robber Forrest Tucker in the David Lowery directed drama film The Old Man & the Gun , which was released in September 2018, and for which he received a Golden Globe nomination. Alissa Wikinson wrote in Vox , "In The Old Man & the Gun, both Redford and Lowery are returning to their roots. For Redford,

10070-606: Was appointed chevalier of the Légion d'honneur by President Nicolas Sarkozy . On November 22, 2016, President Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom . In December 2005, he received the Kennedy Center Honors for his contributions to American culture. The honors recipients are recognized for their lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts: whether in dance, music, theater, opera, motion pictures or television. In 2008, Redford received The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize , one of

10176-704: Was as the stuffy newlywed husband of Elizabeth Ashley in the original 1963 cast of Neil Simon 's Barefoot in the Park . Starting in 1960, Redford appeared as a guest star on numerous television drama programs, including Naked City , Maverick , The Untouchables , The Americans , Whispering Smith , Perry Mason , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , Route 66 , Dr. Kildare , Playhouse 90 , Tate , The Twilight Zone , The Virginian , and Captain Brassbound's Conversion , among others. Redford made his screen debut in Tall Story (1960) in

10282-591: Was as the stuffy newlywed husband in Neil Simon 's Barefoot in the Park (1963). Redford made his film debut in War Hunt (1962). He gained success as a leading man in films such as Barefoot in the Park (1967), Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), Jeremiah Johnson (1972), and The Candidate (1972). He received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in

10388-732: Was born on August 18, 1936, in Santa Monica, California , to Martha Woodruff Redford ( née Hart; 1914–1955) and Charles Robert Redford Sr. (1914–1991), an accountant. He has a paternal half-brother, William. Redford is of English , Scottish , and Irish ancestry. His patrilineal great-great-grandfather, a Protestant Englishman named Elisha Redford, married Mary Ann McCreery, of Irish Catholic descent, in Manchester, Lancashire, England . They emigrated to New York City in 1849, immediately settling in Stonington, Connecticut . They had

10494-417: Was changed to Martin Rittenhome, and his personality reflected that of Charles Revson , who was the president of cosmetics brand Revlon that had sponsored another quiz show involved in the scandal, The $ 64,000 Question (1955–1958). When Robert Redford first saw Twenty-One in the late 1950s, he was in his early 20s taking art and acting classes in New York. He recalled when he first saw Van Doren on

10600-425: Was less important than as portrayed in the film; he only became involved two years after Twenty-One ended syndication, and a collection of information was handled by publications and assistant district attorneys in New York City. Joe Stone, a congressional committee consultant who investigated the scandal for four years, was angered about the screenplay's spotlight on Goodwin and the fact that Goodwin accepted most of

10706-400: Was nominated for Best Actress but Redford did not receive a nomination. The movie proved to be Redford's biggest success of the decade and Redford and Pollack's most successful of their seven movies together. Redford's next film, Legal Eagles (1986) alongside Debra Winger , was only a minor success at the box office. Redford did not direct again until The Milagro Beanfield War (1988),

10812-421: Was on October 7, 1963, on Breaking Point , an ABC medical drama about psychiatry. In 1962 Redford got his second film role in War Hunt , and was soon after cast alongside screen legend Alec Guinness in the war comedy Situation Hopeless ... But Not Serious , in which he played a US soldier falsely imprisoned by a German civilian even after the war has ended. In Inside Daisy Clover (1965), which won him

10918-608: Was published by Alfred A. Knopf , written by Michael Feeney Callan over fifteen years with Redford's input and drawn from his personal papers and diaries. Redford supports environmentalism, Native American rights, LGBT rights, and the arts. He also supported advocacy groups , such as the Political Action Committee of the Directors Guild of America . Redford has supported Republicans , including Brent Cornell Morris in his unsuccessful campaign for

11024-474: Was the 5th highest-grossing film of 1973. The crime caper reunion with Paul Newman, The Sting (1973), became the top-grossing film of 1974 and one of the top 20 highest-grossing movies of all time when adjusted for inflation, plus landed Redford the lone nomination of his career for the Academy Award for Best Actor . The following year he starred in the romantic drama The Great Gatsby (1974) starring Mia Farrow , Sam Waterston , and Bruce Dern . The film

11130-530: Was the No. 8 highest-grossing film of 1974. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) placed as the No. 10 highest-grossing film for 1974 as it was re-released due to the popularity of The Sting. In 1974 Redford became the first performer since Bing Crosby in 1946 to have three films in a year's top ten grossing titles. Each year between 1974 and 1976, movie exhibitors voted Redford Hollywood's top box-office star. In 1975, Redford's hit movies included 1920s aviation drama, The Great Waldo Pepper (1975), and

11236-551: Was then moved to Walt Disney Studios , which invested $ 20 million into the budget and launched the project into production through its Hollywood Pictures label in Spring 1993 after Redford agreed to direct. Although Disney offered Charles Van Doren $ 100,000 to act as a consultant, he declined. Casting took place in New York in May 1993. Redford originally planned for an American actor to play Van Doren, but after auditioning several actors such as William Baldwin , he failed to find

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