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95-529: Early versions of PostScript display systems were developed at Adobe Systems . During development of the NeXT computers, NeXT and Adobe collaborated to produce the official DPS system, which was released in 1987. NeXT used DPS throughout its history, while versions from Adobe were popular on Unix workstations for a time during the 1980s and 1990s. In order to support interactive, on-screen use with reasonable performance, changes were needed: DPS did not, however, add

190-517: A RIP for Raster Image Processor) for the PostScript language was a common component of laser printers during the 1980s and 1990s. However, the cost of implementation was high; computers output raw PS code that would be interpreted by the printer into a raster image at the printer's natural resolution. This required high performance microprocessors and ample memory . The LaserWriter used a 12 MHz Motorola 68000 , making it faster than any of

285-555: A trade secret . Paxton worked on several other related improvements, such as font hinting . Adobe was also responsible for porting PostScript to the Canon's Motorola 68000 chip. Apple and Adobe announced the LaserWriter at Apple's annual stockholder meeting on January 23, 1985. It was the first printer to ship with PostScript, sparking the desktop publishing (DTP) revolution in the mid-1980s. The original PostScript royalty

380-747: A $ 1 billion termination fee per their merger agreement. On June 17, 2024, the US Federal Trade Commission together with the US Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against Adobe for its subscription business model practice, citing hidden termination fees and the company pushing customers towards more expensive plans. In June 2024, after facing backlash for its changes to the terms of service , Adobe updated them to explicitly pledge it will not use customer data to train its AI models. Adobe's currently supported roster of software, online services and file formats comprises

475-463: A PostScript program: the execution of which results in the original document. This program can be sent to an interpreter in a printer, which results in a printed document, or to one inside another application, which will display the document on-screen. Since the document-program is the same regardless of its destination, it is called device-independent . PostScript is noteworthy for implementing on-the-fly rasterization in which everything, even text,

570-542: A definitive agreement to acquire Frame.io, a leading cloud-based video collaboration platform. The transaction is valued at $ 1.275 billion and closed during the fourth quarter of Adobe's 2021 fiscal year. Adobe announced a $ 20 billion acquisition of Figma , an Adobe XD competitor, in September 2022, its largest to date. Regulatory scrutiny from the US and European Union began shortly after due to concerns that Adobe, already

665-543: A definitive agreement to acquire privately held Efficient Frontier. In December 2012, Adobe opened a new 280,000-square-foot (26,000 m ) corporate campus in Lehi, Utah . In 2013, Adobe endured a major security breach. Vast portions of the source code for the company's software were stolen and posted online and over 150 million records of Adobe's customers were made readily available for download. In 2012, about 40 million sets of payment card information were compromised by

760-406: A hack at Adobe. A class-action lawsuit alleging that the company suppressed employee compensation was filed against Adobe , and three other Silicon Valley –based companies in a California federal district court in 2013. In May 2014, it was revealed the four companies, Adobe, Apple , Google, and Intel had reached an agreement with the plaintiffs, 64,000 employees of the four companies, to pay

855-479: A language suitable for running the entire GUI of a computer. Sun added a number of new commands for timers, mouse control, interrupts and other systems needed for interactivity, and added data structures and language elements to allow it to be completely object oriented internally. A complete GUI, three in fact, were written in NeWS and provided for a time on their workstations. However, the ongoing efforts to standardize

950-406: A laser printer makes it possible to position high-quality graphics and text on the same page. PostScript made it possible to fully exploit these characteristics by offering a single control language that could be used on any brand of printer. PostScript went beyond the typical printer control language and was a complete programming language of its own. Many applications can transform a document into

1045-428: A major player in the design software market with XD, would have too much control if it also owned Figma. At the time of the announcement to acquire Figma, Adobe's share over the creative software market and design-software market was almost a monopoly. In December 2023, the two companies called off their merger, citing the regulatory challenges as a sign to both that the deal was not likely to be approved. Adobe paid Figma

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1140-442: A negative perception about subscription creative software than a positive view. The original pricing plan for Creative Cloud was $ 75 per month for the entire suite of software, though Adobe discounted the monthly cost to $ 50 for users willing to commit to at least one year of continuous subscription for Creative Cloud, and down to $ 30 per month for former CS users with the one year commitment. By 2013, Adobe decided that CS6 would be

1235-507: A number of technologies for this task, but most shared the property that the glyphs were physically difficult to change, as they were stamped onto typewriter keys, bands of metal, or optical plates. This changed to some degree with the increasing popularity of dot matrix printers . The characters on these systems were drawn as a series of dots, as defined by a font table inside the printer. As they grew in sophistication, dot matrix printers started including several built-in fonts from which

1330-462: A printer. When Steve Jobs left Apple and started NeXT , he pitched Adobe on the idea of using PS as the display system for his new workstation computers. The result was Display PostScript , or DPS. DPS added basic functionality to improve performance by changing many string lookups into 32 bit integers, adding support for direct output with every command, and adding functions to allow the GUI to inspect

1425-435: A proprietary format called Type 1 , worked on by Bill Paxton after he left Stanford. Apple subsequently developed a competing standard, TrueType , which provided full scalability and precise control of the pixel pattern created by the font's outlines, and licensed it to Microsoft . Starting in the mid-1980s, Adobe entered the consumer software market, starting with Adobe Illustrator , a vector -based drawing program for

1520-484: A security flaw was later discovered in Photoshop CS5, Adobe sparked outrage by saying it would leave the flaw unpatched, so anyone who wanted to use the software securely would have to pay for an upgrade. Following a fierce backlash Adobe decided to provide the software patch. Adobe has been criticized for pushing unwanted software including third-party browser toolbars and free virus scanners, usually as part of

1615-561: A stock content marketplace founded in 2005 by Thibaud Elziere, Oleg Tscheltzoff, and Patrick Chassany which operated in 23 countries. It was run as a stand-alone website until 2019, but has since been integrated into Adobe Stock. A family of content, development, and customer relationship management products, with what Adobe calls the "next generation" of its Sensei artificial intelligence and machine learning framework, introduced in March 2019. Since 2000, Fortune has recognized Adobe as one of

1710-482: A stylized "A" and was designed by graphic designer Marva Warnock, John Warnock's wife. Steve Jobs attempted to buy the company for $ 5 million in 1982, but Warnock and Geschke refused. Their investors urged them to work something out with Jobs, so they agreed to sell him shares worth 19 percent of the company. Jobs paid a five-times multiple of their company's valuation at the time, plus a five-year license fee for PostScript, in advance. The purchase and advance made Adobe

1805-871: A suite of software for digital marketing management. As of 2022, Adobe has more than 26,000 employees worldwide. Adobe also has major development operations in the United States in Newton , New York City , Arden Hills , Lehi , Seattle , Austin and San Francisco . It also has major development operations in Noida and Bangalore in India. The company has long been the dominant tech firm in design and creative software, despite attracting criticism for its policies and practices particularly around Adobe Creative Cloud's switch to subscription only pricing and its early termination fees for its most promoted Creative Cloud plan,

1900-481: A sum of $ 324.5 million to settle the suit. 2011 saw the company first introduce Adobe Creative Cloud , a $ 600/year subscription plan to its creative software as opposed to a one-time perpetual license payment which could often top $ 2000 for creative professionals. The initial launch of Creative Cloud alongside Creative Suite 5 users came at the same time that Adobe ran into controversy from users of Adobe's creative software, with users of Adobe software stating that

1995-412: A windowing system. That was left to the implementation to provide, and DPS was meant to be used in conjunction with an existing windowing engine. This was often the X Window System , and in this form Display PostScript was later adopted by companies such as IBM and SGI for their workstations. Often the code needed to get from an X window to a DPS context was much more complicated than the entire rest of

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2090-579: Is a static data structure made for efficient access and embeds navigational information suitable for interactive viewing. PostScript is a Turing-complete programming language, belonging to the concatenative group of programming languages. It is an interpreted , stack-based language similar to Forth but with strong dynamic typing , data structures inspired by those found in Lisp , scoped memory and, since language level 2, garbage collection . The language syntax uses reverse Polish notation , which makes

2185-685: Is an American computer software company based in San Jose, California . It offers a wide range of programs from web design tools, photo manipulation and vector creation, through to video/audio editing, mobile app development, print layout and animation software. It has historically specialized in software for the creation and publication of a wide range of content, including graphics, photography, illustration, animation, multimedia/video, motion pictures, and print. Its flagship products include Adobe Photoshop image editing software; Adobe Illustrator vector-based illustration software; Adobe Acrobat Reader and

2280-475: Is its handling of fonts . The font system uses the PS graphics primitives to draw glyphs as curves, which can then be rendered at any resolution . A number of typographic issues had to be considered with this approach. One issue is that fonts do not scale linearly at small sizes and features of the glyphs will become proportionally too large or small and start to look displeasing. PostScript avoided this problem with

2375-402: Is most commonly used in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing realm, but as a Turing complete programming language, it can be used for many other purposes as well. PostScript was created at Adobe Systems by John Warnock , Charles Geschke , Doug Brotz, Ed Taft and Bill Paxton from 1982 to 1984. The most recent version, PostScript 3, was released in 1997. The concepts of

2470-598: Is needed for such a printer, Ghostscript can be used. There are also a number of commercial PostScript interpreters, such as TeleType Co. 's T-Script or Brother 's BR-Script3 . PostScript became commercially successful due to the introduction of the graphical user interface (GUI), allowing designers to directly lay out pages for eventual output on laser printers. However, the GUIs' own graphics systems were generally much less sophisticated than PostScript; Apple's QuickDraw , for instance, supported only basic lines and arcs, not

2565-440: Is possible to write computer programs in PostScript just like any other programming language. A Hello World program , the customary way to show a small example of a complete program in a given language, might look like this in PostScript (level 2): or if the output device has a console PostScript uses the point as its unit of length. However, unlike some of the other versions of the point, PostScript uses exactly 72 points to

2660-510: Is specified in terms of straight lines and cubic Bézier curves (previously found only in CAD applications), which allows arbitrary scaling, rotating and other transformations. When the PostScript program is interpreted, the interpreter converts these instructions into the dots needed to form the output. For this reason, PostScript interpreters are occasionally called PostScript raster image processors , or RIPs. Almost as complex as PostScript itself

2755-449: The de facto standard for electronic document distribution. On high-end printers, PostScript processors remain common, and their use can dramatically reduce the CPU work involved in printing documents, transferring the work of rendering PostScript images from the computer to the printer. The first version of the PostScript language was released to the market in 1984. The qualifier Level 1

2850-713: The Adobe Experience Cloud , a software suite which increased business. These included e-commerce services provider Magento Commerce from private equity firm Permira for $ 1.68 billion in June 2018, Marketo for $ 4.75 billion in 2018, Allegorithmic in 2019 for just under $ 160 million, and Workfront in December 2020 for $ 1.5 billion. 2021 additionally saw Adobe add payment services to its e-commerce platforms in an attempt to compete with Shopify , accepting both credit cards and PayPal . In July 2020, as

2945-533: The Apple Macintosh . Illustrator, which grew out of the firm's in-house font-development software, helped popularize PostScript-enabled laser printers. By the mid-1990s, Adobe would either develop or acquire Photoshop from John and Thomas Knoll , FrameMaker from Frame Technology Corporation, and After Effects and PageMaker from Aldus , as well as develop Adobe Premiere , later known as Premiere Pro, in-house, initially releasing it in 1991. Around

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3040-727: The Electronic Frontier Foundation with regard to its handling of government data requests in 2017. In 2022, Adobe was listed as one of the Best Places to Work for Disability Inclusion by the Disability Equality Index (DEI). Adobe has been criticized for its pricing practices, with retail prices being up to twice as much in non-US countries. After Adobe revealed the pricing for the Creative Suite 3 Master Collection, which

3135-467: The Flash update process, and for pushing a third-party scareware program designed to scare users into paying for unneeded system repairs. On October 3, 2013, the company initially revealed that 2.9 million customers' sensitive and personal data was stolen in a security breach which included encrypted credit card information. Adobe later admitted that 38 million active users have been affected and

3230-579: The Harlequin RIP , both by Global Graphics . A free software version, with several other applications, is Ghostscript . Several compatible interpreters are listed on the Undocumented Printing Wiki. Some basic, inexpensive laser printers do not support PostScript, instead coming with drivers that simply rasterize the platform's native graphics formats rather than converting them to PostScript first. When PostScript support

3325-478: The Portable Document Format (PDF); and a host of tools primarily for audio-visual content creation, editing and publishing. Adobe offered a bundled solution of its products named Adobe Creative Suite , which evolved into a subscription software as a service (SaaS) offering named Adobe Creative Cloud . The company also expanded into digital marketing software and in 2021 was considered one of

3420-535: The X11 system led to its introduction and widespread use on Sun systems, and NeWS never became widely used. The PDF and PostScript share the same imaging model and both documents are mutually convertible to each other. Both documents produce the same result when printed. The difference between the PDF and PostScript is that the PDF lacks the general-purpose programming language framework of the PostScript language. A PDF document

3515-601: The array and dictionary types, but cannot be declared to the type system, which sees them all only as arrays and dictionaries, so any further typing discipline to be applied to such user-defined "types" is left to the code that implements them. The character "%" is used to introduce comments in PostScript programs. As a general convention, every PostScript program should start with the characters "%!PS" as an interpreter directive so that all devices will properly interpret it as PostScript. Typically, PostScript programs are not produced by humans, but by other programs. However, it

3610-460: The "level" terminology in favor of simple versioning) came at the end of 1997, and along with many new dictionary-based versions of older operators, introduced better color handling and new filters (which allow in-program compression/decompression, program chunking, and advanced error-handling). PostScript 3 was significant in terms of replacing the existing proprietary color electronic prepress systems, then widely used for magazine production, through

3705-460: The 100 Best Companies to Work For. In 2021, Adobe was ranked 16th. Glassdoor recognized Adobe as a Best Place to Work. In October 2021, Fast Company included Adobe on their Brands That Matter list. In October 2008, Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of " Canada's Top 100 Employers " by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine. Adobe received a five-star rating from

3800-485: The DPS interface. This greatly limited the popularity of DPS when any alternative was available. The developers of NeXT wrote a completely new windowing engine to take full advantage of NeXT's object-oriented operating system . A number of commands were added to DPS to create the windows and to react to events, similar to but simpler than NeWS . The single API made programming at higher levels much easier and made NeXT one of

3895-488: The Interpress language. Warnock left with Chuck Geschke and founded Adobe Systems in December 1982. They, together with Doug Brotz, Ed Taft and Bill Paxton created a simpler language, similar to Interpress, called PostScript, which went on the market in 1984. Meanwhile, in the spring of 1983, Steve Jobs came to visit Adobe and was dazzled by PostScript's potential, especially for the new Macintosh computer he

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3990-478: The Macintosh computers to which it was attached. When the laser printer engines themselves cost over a thousand dollars the added cost of PS was marginal. But, as printer mechanisms fell in price, the cost of implementing PS became too great a fraction of overall printer cost. In addition, with desktop computers becoming more powerful during the 1990s than their attached printers, it no longer made sense to offload

4085-471: The PDF as a proprietary file format from its introduction until 2008, when the PDF became an ISO international standard under ISO number ISO 32000-1:2008 , though the PDF file format was free for viewers since its introduction. With its acquisition of Aldus, in addition to gaining PageMaker and After Effects, Adobe gained control over the TIFF file format for images. The 2000s saw various developments for

4180-610: The PDF rendering model (a subset, plus tweaks, of the PostScript model), but this is used by application frameworks—there is no PostScript present in the Mac OS X window server. Apple chose to use this model for a variety of reasons, including the avoidance of licensing fees for DPS and more efficient support of legacy Carbon and Classic code; QuickDraw -based applications use bitmapped drawing exclusively. Adobe Systems Adobe Inc. ( / ə ˈ d oʊ b i / ə-DOH-bee ), formerly Adobe Systems Incorporated ,

4275-402: The PS system in the computer rather than the printer. This led to the natural evolution of PS from a printing system to one that could also be used as the host's own graphics language. There were numerous advantages to this approach; not only did it help eliminate the possibility of different output on screen and printer, but it also provided a powerful graphics system for the computer, and allowed

4370-478: The PostScript language were seeded in 1976 by John Gaffney at Evans & Sutherland , a computer graphics company. At that time, Gaffney and John Warnock were developing an interpreter for a large three-dimensional graphics database of New York Harbor . Concurrently, researchers at Xerox PARC had developed the first laser printer and had recognized the need for a standard means of defining page images. In 1975–76 Bob Sproull and William Newman developed

4465-524: The PostScript licensing deal, and Adobe had to shift focus immediately from high-end, high-resolution printing devices to the consumer-oriented Apple LaserWriter laser printer. At that time, the 300-dpi Canon laser printing engine to be used in LaserWriters was seen as good enough only for proof printing (i.e., for crude rough drafts of material whose final drafts would be sent to professional high-resolution devices), but Jobs presented Adobe with

4560-699: The Press format, which was eventually used in the Xerox Star system to drive laser printers. But Press, a data format rather than a language, lacked flexibility, and PARC mounted the Interpress effort to create a successor. In 1978, John Gaffney and Martin Newell then at Xerox PARC wrote J & M or JaM (for "John and Martin") which was used for VLSI design and the investigation of type and graphics printing. This work later evolved and expanded into

4655-413: The United States presidential elections approached, the software giant imposed a ban on the political ads features on its digital advertising sales platform. On November 9, 2020, Adobe announced it would spend US$ 1.5 billion to acquire Workfront , a provider of marketing collaboration software. The acquisition was completed in early December 2020. On August 19, 2021, Adobe announced it had entered into

4750-561: The announcement of TrueType, Adobe published the specification for the Type 1 font format. Retail tools such as Altsys Fontographer (acquired by Macromedia in January 1995, owned by FontLab since May 2005) added the ability to create Type 1 fonts. Since then, many free Type 1 fonts have been released; for instance, the fonts used with the TeX typesetting system are available in this format. In

4845-467: The attackers obtained access to their IDs and encrypted passwords, as well as to many inactive Adobe accounts. The company did not make it clear if all the personal information was encrypted, such as email addresses and physical addresses, though data privacy laws in 44 states require this information to be encrypted. PostScript PostScript ( PS ) is a page description language and dynamically typed , stack-based programming language . It

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4940-617: The basis for handling PostScript outlines in OpenType fonts. The CID-keyed font format was also designed, to solve the problems in the OCF/Type 0 fonts , for addressing the complex Asian-language ( CJK ) encoding and very large character set issues. The CID-keyed font format can be used with the Type 1 font format for standard CID-keyed fonts, or Type 2 for CID-keyed OpenType fonts. To compete with Adobe's system, Apple designed their own system, TrueType , around 1991. Immediately following

5035-452: The challenge of making PostScript render high-quality output to such a low-resolution device (which for most consumers would be their only printing device). In response, Warnock and Brotz solved the so-called "appearance problem" of making the stem width of letters scale properly so that they look good at all resolutions. Their breakthrough was so important that Adobe has never patented the technology, in order to keep its details concealed as

5130-893: The company and Nvidia announced their association to upgrade their AI and profound learning innovations. They planned to streamline Adobe Sensei AI and machine learning structure for Nvidia GPUs . Adobe and Nvidia had cooperated for 10 years on GPU quickening. This incorporates Sensei-powered features, e.g. auto lip-sync in Adobe Character Animator CC and face-aware editing in Photoshop CC, and also cloud-based AI/ML items and features, for example, picture investigation for Adobe Stock and Lightroom CC and auto-labeling in Adobe Experience Supervisor. Adobe further spent its time from 2018 to 2023 acquiring more companies to boost both Creative Cloud and

5225-428: The company introduced the first version of Adobe Creative Suite , bundling its creative software into a single package. The first version of Creative Suite introduced InDesign (the successor to PageMaker), Illustrator, Photoshop, ImageReady and InCopy, with the 2005 second edition of Creative Suite including an updated version of Adobe Acrobat, Premiere Pro, GoLive, the file manager Adobe Bridge , and Adobe Dreamweaver ,

5320-413: The company. Its first notable acquisition in the decade was in 2002, when Adobe acquired Canadian company Accelio, also known as JetForm . In May 2003, Adobe purchased audio editing and multitrack recording software Cool Edit Pro from Syntrillium Software for $ 16.5 million, as well as a large loop library called "Loopology". Adobe then renamed Cool Edit Pro to Adobe Audition . It was in 2003 that

5415-454: The complex B-splines and advanced region filling options of PostScript. In order to take full advantage of PostScript printing, applications on the computers had to re-implement those features using the host platform's own graphics system. This led to numerous issues where the on-screen layout would not exactly match the printed output, due to differences in the implementation of these features. As computer power grew, it became possible to host

5510-745: The development and sales of its older HTML /web development software, GoLive , in favor of Dreamweaver . Adobe offered a discount on Dreamweaver for GoLive users and supports those who still use GoLive with online tutorials and migration assistance. On June 1, Adobe launched Acrobat.com , a series of web applications geared for collaborative work. Creative Suite 4, which includes Design, Web, Production Premium, and Master Collection came out in October 2008 in six configurations at prices from about US$ 1,700 to $ 2,500 or by individual application. The Windows version of Photoshop includes 64-bit processing. On December 3, 2008, Adobe laid off 600 of its employees (8% of

5605-542: The diagram. Additionally, a set of "bindings" was provided to allow PS code to be called directly from the C programming language . NeXT used these bindings in their NeXTStep system to provide an object oriented graphics system. Although DPS was written in conjunction with NeXT, Adobe sold it commercially and it was a common feature of most Unix workstations in the 1990s. Sun Microsystems took another approach, creating NeWS . Instead of DPS's concept of allowing PS to interact with C programs, NeWS instead extended PS into

5700-415: The early 1990s, there were several other systems for storing outline-based fonts, developed by Bitstream and Metafont for instance, but none included a general-purpose printing solution and they were therefore not widely used. In the late 1990s, Adobe joined Microsoft in developing OpenType , essentially a functional superset of the Type 1 and TrueType formats. When printed to a PostScript output device,

5795-551: The few systems to extensively use DPS. The user-space windowing system library NeXTSTEP used PostScript to draw items like titlebars and scrollers. This, in turn, made extensive use of pswrap s, which were in turn wrapped in objects and presented to the programmer in object form. Apple 's Mac OS X operating system uses a central window server (created entirely by Apple) that caches window graphics as bitmaps, instead of storing and executing PostScript code. A graphics library called Quartz 2D provides PostScript-style imaging using

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5890-531: The first company in the history of Silicon Valley to become profitable in its first year. Warnock and Geschke considered various business options including a copy-service business and a turnkey system for office printing. Then they chose to focus on developing specialized printing software and created the Adobe PostScript page description language. PostScript was the first international standard for computer printing as it included algorithms describing

5985-525: The following (as of October 2022 ): Remove Portable Document Format (PDF), PDF's predecessor PostScript , ActionScript , Shockwave Flash ( SWF ), Flash Video (FLV), and Filmstrip (.flm) Adobe Color, Photoshop Express , Acrobat.com , Behance and Adobe Express. Adobe Media Encoder A microstock agency that presently provides over 57 million high-resolution, royalty-free images and videos available to license (via subscription or credit purchase methods). In 2015, Adobe acquired Fotolia ,

6080-405: The inch. Thus: For example, in order to draw a vertical line of 4 cm length, it is sufficient to type: More readably and idiomatically, one might use the following equivalent, which demonstrates a simple procedure definition and the use of the mathematical operators mul and div : (Technically, most printers have a construction-implied unprintable margin around the physical borders of

6175-431: The inclusion of font hinting , in which additional information is provided in horizontal or vertical bands to help identify the features in each letter that are important for the rasterizer to maintain. The result was significantly better-looking fonts even at low resolution. It had formerly been believed that hand-tuned bitmap fonts were required for this task. At the time, the technology for including these hints in fonts

6270-566: The introduction of smooth shading operations with up to 4096 shades of grey (rather than the 256 available in PostScript Level 2), as well as DeviceN, a color space that allowed the addition of additional ink colors (called spot colors ) into composite color pages. Prior to the introduction of Interpress and PostScript, printers were designed to print character output given the text—typically in ASCII —as input. There were

6365-527: The last version of Creative Suite software that would be sold through perpetual licensing option, and in May announced that a Creative Cloud subscription would be the only way to get the newest versions of Photoshop, Illustrator, and other Adobe creative software. Reception to the mandatory subscriptions for future Adobe software was mostly negative, despite some positive testimonies on the move from customers and Adobe's attraction of 500,000 Creative Cloud subscribers by

6460-573: The latter of which attracted a joint civil lawsuit from the US Federal Trade Commission and the US Department of Justice in 2024. The company was started in John Warnock's garage. The name of the company, Adobe, comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos , California, a stream which ran behind Warnock's house. That creek is named because of the type of clay found there (Adobe being a Spanish word for Mudbrick ). Adobe's corporate logo features

6555-585: The latter of which was acquired from a $ 3.4 billion acquisition of Macromedia , most notably . In addition to bringing in Dreamweaver, the $ 3.4 billion Macromedia acquisition, completed as a stock swap , added ColdFusion , Contribute , Captivate , Breeze (rebranded as Adobe Connect ), Director , Fireworks , Flash , FlashPaper , Flex , FreeHand , HomeSite , JRun, Presenter , and Authorware to Adobe's product line. By April 2008, Adobe released Adobe Media Player . On April 27, Adobe discontinued

6650-727: The letter-forms of many languages. Adobe added kanji printer products in 1988. Warnock and Geschke were also able to bolster the credibility of PostScript by connecting with a typesetting manufacturer. They weren't able to work with Compugraphic, but then worked with Linotype to license the Helvetica and Times Roman fonts (through the Linotron 100). By 1987, PostScript had become the industry-standard printer language with more than 400 third-party software programs and licensing agreements with 19 printer companies. Adobe's first products after PostScript were digital fonts which they released in

6745-408: The licensing fees for their implementation of PostScript for printers, known as a raster image processor or RIP . As a number of new RISC -based platforms became available in the mid-1980s, some found Adobe's support of the new machines to be lacking. This and issues of cost led to third-party implementations of PostScript becoming common, particularly in low-cost printers (where the licensing fee

6840-419: The order of operations unambiguous, but reading a program requires some practice, because one has to keep the layout of the stack in mind. Most operators (what other languages term functions ) take their arguments from the stack, and place their results onto the stack. Literals (for example, numbers) have the effect of placing a copy of themselves on the stack. Sophisticated data structures can be built on

6935-445: The original perpetual and subscription pricing plans for CS5 would be unaffordable for not only individuals but also businesses, as well as refusing to extend a Creative Suite 6 discount to non-CS5 users. The original announcement of Adobe Creative Cloud was met with a positive reception from CNET journalists as a much more enticing plan, and Creative Cloud was first released in 2012, though a later CNET survey evidenced that more users had

7030-494: The printers to be "dumb" at a time when the cost of the laser engines was falling. In a production setting, using PostScript as a display system meant that the host computer could render low-resolution to the screen, higher resolution to the printer, or simply send the PS code to a smart printer for offboard printing. However, PostScript was written with printing in mind, and had numerous features that made it unsuitable for direct use in an interactive display system. In particular, PS

7125-403: The products having top 10 security vulnerabilities. Observers noted that Adobe was spying on its customers by including spyware in the Creative Suite 3 software and quietly sending user data to a firm named Omniture . When users became aware, Adobe explained what the suspicious software did and admitted that they: "could and should do a better job taking security concerns into account". When

7220-435: The rasterization work onto the resource-constrained printer. By 2001, few low-end printer models came with onboard support for PostScript, largely due to growing competition from much cheaper non-PostScript inkjet printers, and new software-based methods to render PostScript images on computers, making them suitable for any printer. PDF , a descendant of PostScript, provides one such method, and has largely replaced PostScript as

7315-600: The rise of HTML5 . In July 2010, Adobe bought Day Software integrating their line of CQ Products: WCM, DAM, SOCO, and Mobile In January 2011, Adobe acquired DemDex, Inc. with the intent of adding DemDex's audience-optimization software to its online marketing suite. At Photoshop World 2011, Adobe unveiled a new mobile photo service. Carousel was a new application for iPhone, iPad, and Mac that used Photoshop Lightroom technology to allow users to adjust and fine-tune images on all platforms. Carousel also allowed users to automatically sync, share and browse photos. The service

7410-614: The same time as the development of Illustrator, Adobe entered the NASDAQ Composite index in August 1986. In 1993, Adobe introduced the Portable Document Format , commonly shortened to the initialism PDF, and its Adobe Acrobat and Reader software. Warnock originally developed the PDF under a code name, "The Camelot Project", using PostScript technology to create a widely available digital document format, able to display text, raster graphics, vector graphics, and fonts. Adobe kept

7505-400: The service's first year. The switch to subscription only also did not deter software piracy of Creative Cloud services; within the first day of the first version of Photoshop exclusively made for Creative Cloud being released, cracked versions of Adobe Photoshop CC 2013 were found on The Pirate Bay , an online website used for distributing pirated software. In March 2018, at Adobe Summit,

7600-566: The standard outline font technology for both Windows and the Macintosh. Today, third-party PostScript-compatible interpreters are widely used in printers and multifunction peripherals (MFPs). For example, CSR plc 's IPS PS3 interpreter, formerly known as PhoenixPage, is standard in many printers and MFPs, including those developed by Hewlett-Packard and sold under the LaserJet and Color LaserJet lines. Other third-party PostScript solutions used by print and MFP manufacturers include Jaws and

7695-472: The technology were left with the Type 3 Font (also known as PostScript Type 3 Font , PS3 or T3 ). Type 3 fonts allowed for all the sophistication of the PostScript language, but without the standardized approach to hinting. The Type 2 font format was designed to be used with Compact Font Format (CFF) charstrings, and was implemented to reduce the overall font file size. The CFF/Type2 format later became

7790-829: The top global leaders in Customer Experience Management (CXM). Adobe was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke , who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC to develop and sell the PostScript page description language . In 1985, Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in its LaserWriter printers, which helped spark the desktop publishing revolution. Adobe later developed animation and multimedia through its acquisition of Macromedia , from which it acquired Macromedia Flash ; video editing and compositing software with Adobe Premiere , later known as Adobe Premiere Pro ; low-code web development with Adobe Muse ; and

7885-460: The unneeded parts of the OpenType font are omitted, and what is sent to the device by the driver is the same as it would be for a TrueType or Type 1 font, depending on which kind of outlines were present in the OpenType font. Adobe supported Type 1 fonts in its products until January 2023, when it fully removed support in favor of OpenType fonts. In the 1980s, Adobe drew most of its revenue from

7980-461: The user could select, and some models allowed users to upload their own custom glyphs into the printer. Dot matrix printers also introduced the ability to print raster graphics . The graphics were interpreted by the computer and sent as a series of dots to the printer using a series of escape sequences . These printer control languages varied from printer to printer, requiring program authors to create numerous drivers . Vector graphics printing

8075-488: The worldwide staff) citing the weak economic environment . On September 15, 2009, Adobe Systems announced that it would acquire online marketing and web analytics company Omniture for $ 1.8 billion. The deal was completed on October 23, 2009. Former Omniture products were integrated into the Adobe Marketing Cloud . On November 10, 2009, the company laid off a further 680 employees. Adobe's 2010

8170-418: Was added when Level 2 was introduced. PostScript Level 2 was introduced in 1991, and included several improvements: improved speed and reliability, support for in-Raster Image Processing (RIP) separations, image decompression (for example, JPEG images could be rendered by a PostScript program), support for composite fonts , and the form mechanism for caching reusable content. PostScript 3 (Adobe dropped

8265-401: Was based on the idea of collecting up PS commands until the showpage command was seen, at which point all of the commands read up to that point were interpreted and output. In an interactive system, this was clearly not appropriate, nor did PS have any sort of interactivity built in; for example, supporting hit detection for mouse interactivity obviously did not apply when PS was being used on

8360-484: Was carefully guarded, and the hinted fonts were compressed and encrypted into what Adobe called a Type 1 Font (also known as PostScript Type 1 Font , PS1 , T1 or Adobe Type 1 ). Type 1 was effectively a simplification of the PS system to store outline information only, as opposed to being a complete language (PDF is similar in this regard). Adobe would then sell licenses to the Type 1 technology to those wanting to add hints to their own fonts. Those who did not license

8455-437: Was developing at Apple . To John Sculley 's frustration, Jobs licensed the PostScript technology from Adobe by offering a $ 1.5 million advance against PostScript royalties, plus $ 2.5 million in exchange for 20 percent of Adobe shares. During a series of meetings in 1983, Jobs also repeatedly offered for Apple to buy Adobe outright, but the founders kept turning him down. In December 1983, the two companies finally signed off on

8550-506: Was five percent of the list price for each laser printer sold, which was $ 350 of the original LaserWriter list price of $ 6,995, and such royalties provided nearly all of Adobe's income during its early years. (Apple later renegotiated the contract to pay a licensing fee based on volume of printers shipped.) The combination of technical merits and widespread availability made PostScript the language of choice for graphical output for printing applications. An interpreter (sometimes referred to as

8645-605: Was later renamed "Adobe Revel". Later that same year in October, Adobe acquired Nitobi Software, the maker of the mobile application development framework PhoneGap . As part of the acquisition, the source code of PhoneGap was submitted to the Apache Foundation , where it became Apache Cordova . In November 2011, Adobe announced that they would cease development of Flash for mobile devices following version 11.1. Instead, it would focus on HTML5 for mobile devices. In December 2011, Adobe announced that it had entered into

8740-511: Was left to special-purpose devices, called plotters . Almost all plotters shared a common command language, HPGL , but were of limited use for anything other than printing graphics. In addition, they tended to be expensive and slow, and thus rare. Laser printers combine the best features of both printers and plotters. Like plotters, laser printers offer high quality line art, and like dot-matrix printers, they are able to generate pages of text and raster graphics. Unlike either printers or plotters,

8835-430: Was marked by continuing arguments with Apple over the latter's non-support for Adobe Flash on its iPhone , iPad and other products. Former Apple CEO Steve Jobs claimed that Flash was not reliable or secure enough, while Adobe executives have argued that Apple wishes to maintain control over the iOS platform. In April 2010, Steve Jobs published a post titled Thoughts on Flash where he outlined his thoughts on Flash and

8930-450: Was the sticking point) or in high-end typesetting equipment (where the quest for speed demanded support for new platforms faster than Adobe could provide). At one point, Microsoft licensed to Apple a PostScript-compatible interpreter it had bought called TrueImage , and Apple licensed to Microsoft its new font format, TrueType . Apple ended up reaching an accord with Adobe and licensed genuine PostScript for its printers, but TrueType became

9025-878: Was £1,000 higher for European customers, a petition to protest over "unfair pricing" was published and signed by 10,000 users. In June 2009, Adobe further increased its prices in the UK by 10% in spite of weakening of the pound against the dollar, and UK users were not allowed to buy from the US store. Adobe's Reader and Flash programs were listed on "The 10 most hated programs of all time" article by TechRadar . Hackers have exploited vulnerabilities in Adobe programs, such as Adobe Reader, to gain unauthorized access to computers. Adobe's Flash Player has also been criticized for, among other things, suffering from performance, memory usage and security problems. A report by security researchers from Kaspersky Lab criticized Adobe for producing

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