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70-802: East Gwillimbury is a town (lower-tier municipality) on the East Holland River in the upper-tier municipality the Regional Municipality of York . It is part of the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario , in Canada . It was formed by the amalgamation of the Township of East Gwillimbury with all the previously incorporated villages and hamlets within the township. The main centres in East Gwillimbury are

140-477: A man-made lake called Fairy Lake, originally a millpond, but now used for recreation . There has been a dam at this site since 1801. The current dam was damaged, albeit not severely, by Hurricane Hazel in 1954. Musselman Lake in Whitchurch-Stouffville feeds a creek that runs along Vandorf Sideroad and into Weslie Creek. Despite concerns of a lack of water, construction of several locks

210-452: A 1.8-hectare (4.4-acre) site. The Temple was constructed between 1825 and 1831 by the "Children of Peace", a Quaker sect led by David Willson, on whose property it was built. Bare Oaks Family Naturist Park is a naturist (nudist) park located between the villages of Sharon and Mount Albert. It attracts thousands of visitors to East Gwillimbury and has a significant economic impact on area tourism. It has been in that location since 1972 when it

280-568: A ban on all development on the Oak Ridges Moraine. This announcement sparked considerable opposition by the development industry which, in turn, attracted considerable media attention and public interest. A media campaign by environmental groups built on the public opposition of the developments, and the issue was transferred to the Ontario Municipal Board (OMB) in 2000. By May 2001, with the issue still unresolved,

350-427: A change of 44.4% from its 2016 population of 23,991 . With a land area of 244.91 km (94.56 sq mi), it had a population density of 141.4/km (366.3/sq mi) in 2021. The Sharon Temple is located in the village of Sharon, Ontario. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1990. The site is composed of eight distinctive heritage buildings and dwellings, and houses 6,000 artifacts on

420-768: A fire at the clerk's office in Queensville. East Holland River A map of the Holland River watershed published by the Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority shows tributaries to the East Holland River include Sharon Creek, Bogart Creek , Tannery Creek (from Aurora, Ontario ), Western Creek (from the west side of Newmarket), and Weslie Creek. A dam on the East Holland River in Newmarket maintains

490-508: A geographic area of 1,900 square kilometres (730 sq mi) between Caledon and Rice Lake , near Peterborough . One of the most significant landforms in southern Ontario , the moraine gets its name from the rolling hills and river valleys extending 160 km (99 mi) east from the Niagara Escarpment to Rice Lake, formed 12,000 years ago by advancing and retreating glaciers (see geological origins , below) during

560-579: A period of slowing meltwater runoff. Channel fill sediments comprise the base of Oak Ridges Moraine sediments , atop the unconformity. Lower deposits of the Oak Ridges Moraine sediments stratigraphic package start as coarse sands and gravels whereas upper sediments are interbedded fine sands and silts with channel fill . There may also be sequences of sediments decreasing in size from medium sands to silts and clays up to ten's of metres thick. Above these sediments lie clayey-silt to silt till of

630-525: A post-secondary institution to the Queensville area. East Gwillimbury's newest public school, Robert Munsch Public School, opened in 2014 in Mount Albert. Local public transportation is provided by York Region Transit , who operate bus services to Sharon, Holland Landing and Mount Albert. GO Transit also offers commuter train and bus services to Toronto through its East Gwillimbury Station on

700-499: A relatively short period of time, perhaps no more than a few hundred years, as indicated by the annual deposition cycles in glacial lakes (known as varves ) within the moraine sediments. However, the lowest beds in the moraine may have experienced synchronous sedimentation. In the area of the Oak Ridges Moraine, glacially derived sediments, mainly of Pleistocene age, may overlie a regional unconformity and lower Newmarket till, up to 200 metres thick in some places. Extensive research in

770-459: A robust and resilient environment across the ORM landscape. These objectives include; undertaking science-based research; providing opportunities for recreation; taking action for the protection and restoration of the ORM and; providing expert advice for environmental planning and policy matters. Local concerns for preserving wildlife habitat on the moraine have increased in recent years. In April 2000,

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840-468: A shortage in servicing capacity, what often appears as "new" development in Markham, Vaughan, Richmond Hill, Whitchurch-Stouffville and King Township on the moraine is in the majority of cases development which has had approval for many years. The greatest threat to the function of the moraine is land development on and below its surface, particularly in the headwaters. The estimated current population on

910-399: A source of potable water for numerous communities, both federal and provincial governments have invested resources towards research on the moraine. The Geological Survey of Canada and Ontario Geological Survey both investigate hydro stratigraphy and hydrology throughout the moraine. Palaeo-Indian hunter-gatherers were in this area between 11,000 - 9,500 BP. The oldest artifact found in what

980-555: Is Caroline Mulroney , a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario , representing the provincial riding of York—Simcoe , who won the seat in the 2018 provincial election . There are three fire and emergency services locations, in Holland Landing, Mount Albert and Queensville. They are each staffed by a District Fire Chief and volunteer firefighters. Police services are provided by

1050-440: Is a coalition of nine Conservation Authorities with watersheds on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM). The Coalition formed in 2000 two years prior to the ORM conservation Plan, in response to the need for a comprehensive policy, planning and management approach geared to sustaining the health of the entire ORM. The CAMC is a partnership organization. It collaborates with numerous groups and individuals to achieve common objectives to support

1120-603: Is now Richmond Hill, Ontario, from these people, was a stone scraper about 40 mm long, at the Mortson Site, near Leslie Street and 19th Avenue. Other artifacts were found in a settlement site on the eastern shore of Lake Wilcox. Late Archaic artifacts c. 3800 BP have also been found at the Silver Stream site, near the headwaters of the Rouge River on Leslie Street, just north of Major Mackenzie Drive, and at

1190-513: Is part of both the Greenbelt and the Oak Ridges Moraine . Rather than being spread out throughout the town, growth will be concentrated in the existing villages of Holland Landing , Sharon , Queensville and Mount Albert . Queensville will see the most growth, going from a population of 650 people in 2010, to over 30,000 residents. Much of the growth has been proposed since the early 1990s – however, growth in East Gwillimbury cannot occur until

1260-515: Is representative of the unequal effects of regional erosion, uplift, sedimentary deposition and continental processes (tectonics, building and destroying of continents). Rocks from the Grenville Province of Precambrian age lie below Ordovician aged limestones and shales in much of the Oak Ridges Moraine area. These come from a period of continental scale orogeny in eastern North America about 1.2 to 1.3 billion years ago. This area of

1330-489: Is silt with some clay content, as layers of 2 to 20 metres (6.6 to 65.6 ft) thick in places. Glacial sediments are subject to erosional forces and valley cutting processes, removing previously laid sediments and placing them further along the river path. At the Oak Ridges Moraine system, rocks from the Ordovician Period underlie the post-glacial sediment and are a large part of the bedrock geology, aside from

1400-401: Is the transition of deposition layers from glaciofluvial to glaciolacustrine . Sedimentary glaciofluvial areas form the core of the Oak Ridges Moraine, though restricted to subglacial cavity fills of confined subaqueous fans . Overlaying this core is a glaciolacustrine sedimentary layer that is younger and topographically lower, principally in the delta and basin areas of the moraine. In

1470-421: Is the water source for many headwaters streams flowing south into rivers that drain into Lake Ontario and north into rivers that drain into Lake Scugog and Lake Simcoe . Varied landforms on the moraine, such as woodlands , wetlands , watercourses , kettle lakes and bogs , have provided an environment suitable for significant flora and fauna communities to develop and thrive. The moraine contains one of

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1540-525: The Barrie line . Ontario Highway 404 has been extended to just south of Keswick in the Town of Georgina , passing through East Gwillimbury. The town is served by three interchanges along Highway 404, namely Green Lane just north of Newmarket, Queensville Sideroad, and Woodbine Ave at the north end. East Gwillimbury began with the early development of Upper Canada by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe in

1610-468: The Halton Till , at thicknesses reaching 20 metres (66 ft). The Halton Till is not present over the entire expanse of the moraine, cropping out locally and interspersed. Glacial lake sediments cap the entire sequence of Oak Ridges Moraine sediment stratigraphy in the region, namely from two glacial lakes, Lake Algonquin and Lake Iroquois . The main depositional ingredient from these lakes

1680-518: The Newmarket Till of stony, silty sand and sandy-silt diamicton ranging from 5 to 50 metres (16 to 164 ft) thick and is thought to extend southward under Lake Ontario. Cutting into the Newmarket Till is another regional unconformity, which led to coarse grained channel fill sediments. Some channel fills are 10 to 25 metres of gravels or 10-to-75-metre (33 to 246 ft) sands that decrease in grain size during later deposition following

1750-698: The York Regional Police . In March, 2006 the town council passed a policy during the Committee of the Whole Council Meeting which requires all residential developments of at least ten units to comply with Energy Star qualifications. The town's mayor described potential benefits of the program: "Energy efficient housing is the best way to ensure that East Gwillimbury's residents are insulated against rising energy costs and won't have to make costly energy efficiency upgrade retrofits in

1820-461: The moraine is currently under dispute; environmental groups such as the Sierra Club maintain the area's delicate ecosystems are threatened by development pressures. Attractive forests and hilly relief typical of the moraine are a magnet for developers looking for building opportunities in the densely populated Greater Toronto Area . However, many planners and residents see a need to preserve

1890-723: The Esox site, on the eastern shore of Lake Wilcox. Although preservation of the moraine was first suggested in the 1940s, it was not until 1991 that the issue achieved prominence in political discourse. Part of the reason for its entry into political discourse, was due to the formation, in 1989, of the Save the Oak Ridges Moraine (STORM) Coalition. The Government of Ontario created the Oak Ridges Moraine Technical Working Committee in June 1991, with

1960-589: The Grenville Province is mainly composed of metamorphosed gneiss and mylonite , while also including intrusions of granitic composition as well. Both the metamorphic and igneous rocks are able to better withstand erosional forces from the advancing ice sheets compared to some softer rock types. Softer metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian basement include marbles or meta turbidites , both from sedimentary origin. The ecologically diverse moraine

2030-1231: The Harvest Hills neighborhood. Sharon Public School, Queensville Public School and Mt. Albert Public School are located in Sharon , Queensville and Mount Albert respectively. The York Catholic District School Board operates Good Shepherd Catholic School ( Holland Landing and Our Lady of Good Counsel Catholic Elementary School in Sharon ). There are currently no secondary schools in East Gwillimbury, so students in Holland Landing attend Dr. John M. Denison Secondary School in Newmarket and students from Sharon , Queensville and Mount Albert attend Huron Heights Secondary School , also in Newmarket or Stouffville District Secondary School located in Whitchurch-Stouffville. Good Shepherd and Our Lady of Good Counsel students may proceed to Sacred Heart Catholic High School for secondary school. No post-secondary campuses are located in East Gwillimbury, though there are plans to bring

2100-716: The Late Ordovician to Early Silurian time. Large gaps in deposition from the Early Silurian through Mesozoic time allowed large scale erosion to occur in this geographic region, to the onset of Quaternary glaciation and subsequent sediment deposition. A 1997 report from the Geological Survey of Canada estimates the bedrock thickness to range between 50 and 500 metres (160 and 1,640 ft) thick, below approximately 200 metres (660 ft) of Pleistocene aged sediments. This broad range of thickness

2170-681: The Marina RiverSports Recreation at Queensville Sideroad. 44°06′18″N 79°29′58″W  /  44.10505°N 79.49943°W  / 44.10505; -79.49943 This article related to a river in Ontario , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Oak Ridges Moraine The Oak Ridges Moraine is an ecologically important geological landform in the Mixedwood Plains of south-central Ontario , Canada . The moraine covers

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2240-521: The Middle Ordovician brought in a second sequence of deposition as clastic and carbonate sediments above this new unconformity. A third depositional sequence is found in the Late Ordovician, separated from the Middle Ordovician by local erosion and clastic sediments, consists of a shale base topped with more shale interbedded with limestone and calcareous siltstones . Above this is yet another unconformity, this time due to sea regression in

2310-659: The Oak Ridges Moraine in Richmond Hill and Uxbridge . The exchange settled outstanding disputes being considered by the OMB involving moraine lands in Richmond Hill and Uxbridge. Despite all these efforts, including the government's creation of a permanently protected Greenbelt , the political struggle regarding the moraine continues. Unless approved prior to the Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Act coming into force in 2001 or through orders of

2380-700: The Official Plan for the Town of East Gwillimbury. The Official Plan was praised for its consultations with the public, developers, and other stakeholders. Designated as a future growth area under the Places to Grow Act by the Province of Ontario, East Gwillimbury will see growth from 23,000 residents in 2010, to approximately 88,400 people and 34,000 jobs by the year 2031. Despite the large amount of growth, almost 75% of East Gwillimbury land will not be developed as it

2450-569: The Ontario Municipal Board to the contrary, development on the Oak Ridges Moraine is restricted to the Settlement Area. Smaller-scale development which improves the ecological integrity of the moraine is permitted in other areas (i.e., tree farm), but is otherwise restricted. Given that the land-subdivision process is lengthy and that Markham, Vaughan, Richmond Hill, Whitchurch-Stouffville and King Township are experiencing

2520-595: The Rice Lake wedge . Near the Rice Lake wedge and Peterborough drumlin field are a couple of low-lying terrain plains and small hills on bedrock basement. The Oak Ridges Moraine probably formed in the Late Wisconsin glacial period. Ice melt from the Niagara Escarpment flowed into the western boundaries of the moraine, wherein conduits beneath the ice expanded to form a west-to-east passage between

2590-424: The Town of East Gwillimbury effective January 1, 1971. As the East Gwillimbury area grew, a number of communities developed. They were the villages or hamlets of Brown Hill, Franklin, Holland Landing , Holt (formerly Eastville), Mount Albert , Queensville (formerly colloquially known as The Four Corners), Ravenshoe, River Drive, and Sharon (formerly Hope). In 1913, all township records were destroyed in

2660-483: The Uxbridge wedge, generally rising from east to west, a result of the moraine's west-to-east formation. That is, the western portion of the moraine received earlier and more frequent sedimentary deposition than the eastern portion, as the ice lobes which controlled the moraine's eastern formation slowly retreated. The Rice Lake wedge is separated from the other wedges where the Oak Ridges Moraine intersects Rice Lake. As

2730-520: The York–Durham Sewage System is extended into the town, which has been postponed until 2012 or 2013, when costs are lowered. In October 2011, the Regional Municipality of York advised the Ontario Municipal Board , that they support the Official Plan for East Gwillimbury. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , East Gwillimbury had a population of 34,637 living in 11,449 of its 11,869 total private dwellings,

2800-531: The aim of creating a regional planning strategy for the moraine. The plan was completed in 1994, but was subsequently dismissed in favour of local government administration of the affected lands. This led to intense development on some portions of the moraine. In early 1999, developers targeted Richmond Hill for large subdivisions on the moraine which would house over 100,000 people. On July 20, 1999, Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing Steve Gilchrist announced, on "Rouge Park Day", that he would be implementing

2870-566: The aquifer entirely (see research section). The Oak Ridges Moraine is a pair of large ridges composed of four elevated wedges. It is bounded to the west by the Niagara Escarpment, a cuesta which was critical to the formation of the moraine, and to the east by the Trent River and Rice Lake. The four wedges ( Albion , Uxbridge , Pontypool and Rice Lake from west to east) formed in stages, though some synchronous formation also occurred at an early period of formation. The moraine peaks at

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2940-449: The connected systems. A specific concern is urbanization, which affects water quality by increasing its load of metals and organic contaminants. A study by Cook et al. (1985) found an increase in mean annual runoff , instantaneous discharge, and hydrograph peak flow as a result of urbanization: "...changes in land use coincided with changes in volumetric and time distribution aspects of hydrologic response". In 1829, John Bigsby conducted

3010-494: The first Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. The municipal council consists of a mayor and four councillors elected at large, with the mayor also representing the town in York Regional Council . The current and recent mayors are: Virginia Hackson was elected mayor in the 2010 election , and re-elected in 2014 and 2018. In the 2018 election, where council was elected for a four-year term, East Gwillimbury's council

3080-403: The first investigation of the moraine. He noted the elevation, and styled the area Oak Ridge , identifying the portion of moraine north of Toronto . The moraine's extent was not established until 1863 when William Logan conducted the Geological Survey of Canada . Taylor formally defined the landform as the Oak Ridges Moraine in 1913. He described its extent to be from King and Maple in

3150-520: The future." The program was developed in conjunction with the development community, and stipulates "that homes in new subdivisions must — emphasis here on must — have some of the most efficient hot water, heating and air conditioning systems, be upgraded with top-rated insulation, and have draft-proof windows." East Gwillimbury is the first jurisdiction in Canada to require Energy Star certification for residential units. In June 2010, town council passed

3220-796: The land mass of the moraine and only those development projects which had already received zoning and planning approval were allowed to be completed. During the provincial election of 2003, the Liberal Party of Ontario promised to terminate development on the moraine as part of their election campaign. The government, in its attempt to halt developments, proposed the North Pickering Land Exchange. This involved exchanging government-owned public lands in North Pickering (the Seaton lands) for privately owned lands on

3290-468: The last glaciation period. Below the approximately 200 metre thick glacial derived sediments of the moraine lies thick bedrock successions of Precambrian rocks and up to 200 metres of Ordovician aged rock (see geology below), capped by a regional unconformity of erosion and non-deposition to the Quaternary period. Rivers and lakes scatter the landscape and are important for creating habitat for

3360-643: The last large contiguous forested spans in southern Ontario. Some of the wide variety of plant and animal species found in the moraine are species at risk in Canada and Ontario, including the West Virginia white butterfly , Jefferson salamander , and red-shouldered hawk . Unique ecosystems in the moraine include wetlands similar to those of boreal forests in Northern Ontario, and remnants of tallgrass prairie and oak-pine savanna that are globally threatened ecosystems. A representative portion of

3430-487: The late 18th century. On his order, Yonge Street was constructed from Lake Ontario to what is now the village of Holland Landing in East Gwillimbury. The areas to the north and east were named East Gwillimbury and North Gwillimbury in honour of Simcoe's wife, Elizabeth Gwillim . In 1849 the Baldwin Act incorporated the Township of East Gwillimbury effective January 1, 1850. The Province of Ontario incorporated

3500-472: The late stages of its development, random unstratified accumulation (known as diamicton ) occurred along the ice margins. Whereas the glacial river deposits were more substantial by volume, the diamicton deposits represent a greater portion of the moraine's exposed surface. Research suggests that sedimentation occurred in a west to east sequence along the four main sedimentary wedges: Albion , Uxbridge , Pontytool and Rice Lake . The wedges may have formed in

3570-524: The lithostratigraphic and geographical record. Cause of this stratigraphic gap may originate from a couple large scale meltwater events, the older Algonquin and younger Ontarian erosional floods from melting glaciers of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Basement layers are composed of Early Ordovician aged dolostone as a first sequence only to be stripped away by erosion in the Middle Ordovician. Sea transgression during continent reformation in

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3640-589: The main Laurentide Ice Sheet and a mass of ice in the Lake Ontario basin. Stratified sediment was deposited rapidly on the high-relief erosional surface. Up to 150 metres (490 ft) in some areas, the deposits occurred on surfaces defined by highly eroded channels and drumlin uplands. The channel tunnels were primarily created by the erosion from glacial rivers, a typical process before moraine formation. Characteristic of this moraine

3710-474: The moraine area indicate there may be 6 different periods of sedimentation from the onset of glaciation. There are lower deposits of sand, silt and clay, which rest directly above the regional time unconformity up to 100 metres (330 ft) thick in some areas. These lower deposits are thought to be proglacial lake derived, and contain from bottom to top: York Till, Don Interglacial beds, Scarborough Formation, Sunnybrook Till and Thorncliffe Formation. Next comes

3780-546: The moraine from the negative aspects of urban sprawl . Moreover, because it is a rich resource for sand and gravel, it has become a significant source of materials for the aggregate industry of the Greater Toronto Area. Fisher and Alexander in the early 1990s described a "metropolitan" invasion of the Oak Ridges Moraine, in response to which organizations such as Save the Oak Ridges Moraine (STORM) were formed. Conservation Authorities Moraine Coalition (CAMC)

3850-474: The moraine is a local topographic high, streams originating in the lower Oak Ridges Moraine sediment packages, by groundwater movement, either flow south into Lake Ontario or north toward Lake Simcoe or Georgian Bay through large river valleys carved during melting of glaciers. To the north are drumlinized uplands, referred to as the Peterborough drumlin field, which may continue south of Rice Lake and

3920-413: The moraine is thus an important step for keeping aquifers in a safe drinkable condition while also protecting the natural ecosystems surrounding and within the moraine (see conservation ). This region has been subject to multiple decades of scientific research to study the origins of formation, and how early communities used the land. A larger focus currently is how to source potable water without removing

3990-647: The moraine land itself is roughly 200,000 but this number continues to grow at a frantic pace, with large urban developments occurring in Stouffville , Vaughan , Richmond Hill , and Aurora . This rapid development is especially apparent in Oak Ridges, where land previously set aside for conservation has, as of 2009, been opened up by the Richmond Hill Town Council for development. Another five million people live in close proximity. Use of

4060-624: The moraine may be found in the Happy Valley Forests , in York Region , north of Toronto . A number of features comprise the hydrological system of the Oak Ridges Moraine: This hydrological system is inter-twined with a regional flow systems not bound by the morphological limits of the moraine. For this reason, environmentalists and researchers promote an aggressive protection strategy extending beyond

4130-481: The moraine or nearby areas must satisfy several conditions, most prominently that each development leave a buffer zone of 30 metres (98 ft) between it and any hydrological feature; for a kettle lake, this measure is from the edge of the lake's catchment area. The Oak Ridges Moraine's hydrological system is a major constituent of the Humber Watershed , so that any factors affecting the moraine may affect

4200-400: The moraine were deposited in an esker (Brennand and Shaw, 1994); and that the moraine is not continuous, but is composed of multiple depositional environments : subglacial, ice-marginal and proglacial lacustrine (Barnett et al., 1998). Current research efforts on the moraine are quite extensive. Because of the political implications of development on the moraine, and because its aquifers are

4270-529: The moraine, thus ensuring a contiguously protected hydrological system. Preservation of aquifers under the moraine is especially important, since they are used as a primary water source by some municipalities located on or near the moraine. These aquifers also discharge into tributaries that are the headwaters of approximately 65 creeks and rivers which eventually flow into Lake Simcoe, Lake Scugog and Lake Ontario or Georgian Bay. The Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Act stipulates that any development which targets

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4340-544: The other on Main Street North (Concession 2). Both have been replaced by permanent structures. On Green Lane the road now runs slightly to the south and a pedestrian bridge crosses the old structure. There is also a quayside at Davis Drive in Newmarket. The canal works were abandoned early in the 20th century without ever being completed. The upper limit of navigation on the East Holland River remains at River Drive Park, about 2 km downstream from Holland Landing not far from

4410-494: The presence of some older basement rock beneath. From the basement rocks to the overlying stratigraphic successions is an unconformity (a gap in the geologic record) where many millions of years of depositional or crystalline record are erased (mostly Silurian to Pleistocene rocks) by regional erosion processes and continent building phases. A large time gap is important in this context to correlate where and when this event occurred with respect to both local and surrounding geology of

4480-610: The provincial Conservative government announced a six-month moratorium on moraine development. A panel was formed to create a land-use plan consistent with the current "smart growth" policy. The plan was released in October 2001, and became the basis for Bill 122, the Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Act, 2001 , which divided the moraine into four zones with increasingly stringent controls on development in each. The Act prevented development of over 92% of

4550-511: The rich diversity of species of animals, trees and shrubbery (see ecology ). These are also the supply of fresh water to aquifers in the moraine through complex subterranean connections (see hydrology ). Construction development nearby, and with expansion of communities around the moraine in need of potable water, it is a contested site in Ontario, since it stands in the path of major urban development (see political action ). Conservation of

4620-576: The villages of Holland Landing , Queensville , Sharon , and Mount Albert . The Civic Centre (municipal offices) are located along Leslie Street in Sharon. The northernmost interchange of Highway 404 is at the North edge of East Gwillimbury, just south of Ravenshoe Road . The hamlets of Holt and Brown Hill are also within town limits. East Gwillimbury takes its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe , née Gwillim , wife of Sir John Graves Simcoe ,

4690-631: The west to the Trent River in the east. He also proposed that its origin was overlapping, interlobate glaciation retreat, between the Lake Ontario Lobe and the older Lake Simcoe Lobe . This has become the accepted explanation for the moraine's development, though research in the 1970s suggested the moraine may not be interlobate. Research conducted in the 1990s revealed that the moraine has multiple origins: its eastern area has subglacial depositions (Gorrell and McCrae, 1993); early parts of

4760-571: Was elected on the basis of three wards, with two councillors from each ward. The elected councillors were Loralea Carruthers, Terry Foster, Joe Persechini, Tara Roy-Diclemente, Cathy Morton and Scott Crone. The Federal Member of Parliament is Scot Davidson of the Conservative Party of Canada representing the riding of York—Simcoe , who was elected in a by-election on February 25, 2019. He replaced Peter Van Loan , who retired as of September 30, 2018. The Member of Provincial Parliament

4830-544: Was known as the Toronto Helios Society . Stardust Drive-In Theatre on Mount Albert Road opened in 1950s as North York Drive-In and is one of a handful of drive-in theatres remaining in Canada . Schools in East Gwillimbury are governed by the York Region District School Board and the York Catholic District School Board . There are several elementary schools. Under the public system, the school board operates Holland Landing Public School , Park Avenue Public School, located in Holland Landing and Phoebe Gilman Public School in

4900-440: Was started along the river between Newmarket and Holland Landing as part of a 'Holland River Canal' that would have joined Newmarket to the Trent-Severn Waterway . There is one lock in each of those places along with another at Rogers Reservoir in East Gwillimbury . Rogers Reservoir and Fairy Lake in Newmarket were to act as reservoirs for the canal waters. There were two swing bridges built in East Gwillimbury; one on Green Lane and

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