81-567: East Surrey is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Claire Coutinho , a Conservative who formerly served as Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero . The seat covers an affluent area in the English county of Surrey . Since its creation in 1918, East Surrey has elected a Conservative MP at every general election. Before
162-625: A government crisis in 2022, being followed by Liz Truss for fifty days and then by Rishi Sunak , who went on to lead the Conservatives in the subsequent election . Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union In July 2016, Theresa May was elected Prime Minister to succeed David Cameron , who had resigned following the 2016 Brexit referendum . The Conservative Party had governed since
243-449: A Conservative government either. Their focus would be on remaining in the EU. Under the first-past-the-post electoral system, there is often concern, especially in marginal seats , that if voters of similar ideological leanings are split between multiple different parties they may allow a victory for a candidate with significantly different views. In the early stages of the campaign, there
324-436: A case-by-case basis. The Conservatives and Labour insisted they were on course for outright majorities, while smaller parties were quizzed about what they would do in the event of a hung parliament. The Liberal Democrats said that they would not actively support Johnson or Corbyn becoming Prime Minister but that they could, if an alternative could not be achieved, abstain on votes allowing a minority government to form if there
405-648: A central part of the Conservative campaign via the slogan " Get Brexit Done ". The Brexit Party was in favour of a no-deal Brexit, with its leader Nigel Farage calling for Johnson to drop the deal. The Conservative manifesto read "If we elect a majority of Conservative MPs to Parliament, we will start putting our deal through Parliament before Christmas and we will leave the European Union in January" which ultimately happened. The Labour Party proposed
486-471: A combination of employees and government". The IFS said that Labour's vision "is of a state not so dissimilar to those seen in many other successful Western European economies", and presumed that the manifesto should be seen as "a long-term prospectus for change rather than a realistic deliverable plan for a five-year parliament". They said that the Liberal Democrats manifesto was not as radical as
567-554: A green industrial revolution. This included support for renewable energies and a promise to plant 2 billion trees by 2040. The party also promised to transition to electrify the United Kingdom's bus fleet by 2030. The Liberal Democrats promised to put the environment at the heart of their agenda with a promise to plant 60 million trees a year. They promised to significantly reduce carbon emissions by 2030 and hit zero carbon emissions by 2045. By 2030, they planned to generate 80% of
648-569: A high speed new rail line between Leeds and Manchester. Labour proposed significantly increasing government spending to 45% of national output, which would be high compared to most of British history. This was to pay for an increased NHS budget; stopping state pension age rises; introducing a National Care Service providing free personal care; move to a net-zero carbon economy by the 2030s; nationalising key industries; scrapping Universal Credit ; free bus travel for under-25s; building 100,000 council houses per year; and other proposals. Within this,
729-497: A hung parliament was that it would do no deals with any other party, citing Corbyn to say: "We are out here to win it." At the same time, it was prepared to adopt key policies proposed by the SNP and Liberal Democrats to woo them into supporting a minority government. The UUP said they would never support Corbyn as prime minister, with their leader Steve Aiken also saying that he "can't really see" any situation in which they would support
810-491: A motion proposed by the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party (SNP) on 28 October. The Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019 (EPGEA) was passed in the House of Commons by 438 votes to 20; an attempt to pass an amendment by opposition parties for the election to be held on 9 December failed by 315 votes to 295. The House of Lords followed suit on 30 October, with royal assent made
891-532: A narrower popular vote margin than that achieved by the Labour Party over the Conservatives at the 1997 general election . This was the second national election to be held in 2019 in the United Kingdom, the first being the 2019 European Parliament election . After it lost its parliamentary majority at the 2017 general election , the Conservative Party governed in minority with the support of
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#1732772457046972-618: A net loss of one since the last election. The party's leader, Jo Swinson , lost her seat to the SNP, thus triggering the 2020 party leadership election , which was won by Ed Davey . The DUP won a plurality of seats in Northern Ireland. The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) regained parliamentary representation as the DUP lost seats. The election result gave Johnson
1053-665: A reduction of 13 seats. Primary legislation provides for the independence of the boundary commissions for each of the four parts of the UK, the number of seats for each of the countries, permissible factors to use in departing from any old boundaries, and a strong duty to consult. The Fifth Review was governed by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act of 1986 . Under the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 , as amended by
1134-434: A renegotiation of the withdrawal agreement, towards a closer post-withdrawal relationship with the EU, and would then put this forward as an option in a referendum alongside the option of remaining in the EU. The Labour Party's campaigning stance in that referendum would be decided at a special conference. In a Question Time special featuring four party leaders, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said that he would stay neutral in
1215-646: A sixth of Scotland, to the densely-populated London constituency of Islington North . As of the 2024 election there are 543 constituencies in England, 32 in Wales, 57 in Scotland and 18 in Northern Ireland. The "Region" of the table refers to the NUTS 1 statistical region of England , which coincides with the former European Parliament constituency in which the constituency was included until 31 January 2020. Following
1296-536: A split and two name changes, at dissolution, this group numbered five MPs who sat as the registered party The Independent Group for Change under the leadership of Anna Soubry . Two MPs sat in a group called The Independents , which at its peak had five members. One MP created the Birkenhead Social Justice Party , while a further 20 MPs who began as Labour or Conservative ended Parliament as unaffiliated independents. Seven MPs, from both
1377-468: Is more rural and includes a low part of the Greensand Ridge and features woodland and many golf courses . The Conservatives have prevented any opposition party achieving more than 33.75% of the vote since 1974, even at the 1997 and 2001 United Kingdom general elections when opposition was greatest nationally in Conservative safe seats. Most local wards are won by the Conservatives with
1458-564: Is no smaller than 69,724 and no larger than 77,062. The exceptions to this rule are five 'protected' constituencies for island areas: Orkney and Shetland , Na h-Eileanan an Iar , Ynys Mon , and two constituencies on the Isle of Wight . These consequently have smaller electorates than the lower limit for other constituencies. As the number of electors in each constituency is similar, the constituencies themselves vary considerably in area, ranging in 2019 from Ross, Skye and Lochaber , which occupies
1539-546: The 2010 general election after proposals made by the boundary commissions for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies ) were adopted through statutory instruments . Constituencies in Scotland remained unchanged, as the Boundary Commission for Scotland had completed a review just before the 2005 general election , which had resulted in
1620-549: The 2010 general election , initially in coalition with the Liberal Democrats and then alone with a small majority following the 2015 general election . In the 2017 general election , May lost her majority but was able to resume office as a result of a confidence and supply agreement with Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), known as the Conservative–DUP agreement . In the face of opposition from
1701-412: The 2019 European Parliament election during the first extension granted by the European Union for negotiations on the withdrawal agreement. Boris Johnson won the 2019 Conservative leadership election and became the prime minister on 24 July 2019. Along with attempting to revise the withdrawal agreement arranged by his predecessor's negotiations, Johnson made three attempts to hold a snap election under
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#17327724570461782-470: The 2019 election the Liberal Democrats retook second place and Labour fell to third. The area saw a majority vote in favour of Brexit in the 2016 EU Referendum . Conversely, the then MP Sam Gyimah opposed Brexit, especially Prime Minister Boris Johnson 's Brexit deal, and later joined the Liberal Democrats after being suspended from the Tories . The 13th century-created, dual-member constituency for
1863-454: The 2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs for going against the party line by voting to prevent a no-deal Brexit . Of the 21 expelled, 10 were subsequently reinstated, while the others continued as independents. The major parties had a wide variety of stances on Brexit. The Conservative Party supported leaving under the terms of the withdrawal agreement as negotiated by Johnson (amending May's previous agreement), and this agreement formed
1944-552: The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). The prime minister, Theresa May , resigned in July 2019 after repeatedly failing to pass her Brexit withdrawal agreement in parliament. Johnson succeeded her as the leader of the Conservative Party and as prime minister in July 2019. Johnson could not persuade Parliament to approve a revised withdrawal agreement by the end of October, and chose to call a snap election , which
2025-501: The Eastern Division of Surrey or Surrey Eastern , its enfranchised adult male property owners elected two MPs by bloc vote (a voter has a vote for each current vacancy). Notable outer reaches, clockwise from north, were Southwark, Rotherhithe, Addington, Lingfield , Charlwood , Buckland, Surrey , Cheam , Kingston upon Thames and Richmond (see map, top right). The area was split in two, doubling representation, under
2106-522: The European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019 , often called the Benn Act, after Labour MP Hilary Benn , who introduced the bill. After failing to pass a revised deal before the first extension's deadline of 31 October 2019, Johnson agreed to a second extension on negotiations with the European Union and finally secured a revised withdrawal agreement. Parliament agreed to an election through
2187-531: The Liberal Democrats often picking up seats somewhere in the dual-council system, particularly in Whyteleafe or Caterham Valley. As is typical in seats of this kind, the Labour vote is typically very modest. The party finished in third place at each election between 1959 and 2015 . In 2017 the party's candidate polled second, in a poorer showing for the Liberal Democrats and the party's " Corbyn Surge". In
2268-515: The London Borough of Croydon to the north, the county of Kent to the east, and the county of West Sussex to the south. The northern part of the seat is inside the M25 motorway : Caterham , Whyteleafe and Warlingham form green-buffered, elevated commuter belt, with good rail connections to Central London and well connected by various modes of transport to Croydon . Elsewhere, the seat
2349-526: The Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020 , the number of MPs is now fixed at 650. The Sainte-Laguë formula method is used to form groups of seats split between the four parts of the United Kingdom and the English regions (as defined by the NUTS 1 statistical regions of England ). The table below gives the number of eligible voters broken down by constituent country, including the average constituency size in each country. As of 2023, every recommended constituency must have an electorate as at 2 March 2020 that
2430-528: The Second Reform Act , starting from the 1868 general election ; the area was still under-represented , as shown by the setting up of a net increase of 14 metropolitan seats in 1885. The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 went much further than the 1832 Act towards equal representation around the country. It here reflected growth in the county's population. Thus for elections from 1885 dual-member West, Mid Surrey and East Surrey dissipated to allow
2511-445: The red wall , which had voted strongly in favour of British withdrawal from the EU in the 2016 European Union (EU) membership referendum . Labour won 202 seats, its fewest since the 1935 general election . The Scottish National Party (SNP) made a net gain of 13 seats with 45 per cent of the vote in Scotland, winning 48 of the 59 seats there. The Liberal Democrats increased their vote share to 11.6 per cent, but won only 11 seats,
East Surrey (UK Parliament constituency) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2592-920: The 1992 and 1997 general elections and thus change in share of vote is based on a notional calculation. General Election 1939–40 : Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected; List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee The Parliament of
2673-504: The 2010 election, in coalition with the Liberal Democrats from 2010 to 2015. At the 2015 general election, the Conservative Party committed to offering a referendum on whether the United Kingdom should leave the European Union (EU) and won a majority in that election. A referendum was held in June 2016, and the Leave campaign won by 51.9% to 48.1%. United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of
2754-526: The 2024 general election, this Conservative victory took the form of an absolute majority (over 50% of the vote) at every general election, one of few seats that can make this claim, and is therefore regarded as a Conservative safe seat . Its greatest share of the vote for any opposition candidate was 33.75% in February 1974. 1832–1868 : The Hundreds of Brixton, Kingston, Reigate, Tandridge and Wallington. 1868–1885 : The Hundred of Tandridge, and so much of
2835-583: The Conservative government performed a spending review, where they announced plans to increase public spending by £13.8 billion a year, and reaffirmed plans to spend another £33.9 billion a year on the National Health Service (NHS) by 2023. Chancellor Sajid Javid said the government had turned the page on 10 years of austerity in the United Kingdom . During the election, the parties produced manifestos that outlined spending in addition to that already planned. The Conservative Party manifesto
2916-487: The Conservatives and Labour, joined the Liberal Democrats during Parliament, in combination with a gain after the 2019 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election . By the time Parliament was dissolved, the Liberal Democrats had raised their number from 12 at the election to 20 at dissolution. One reason for the defections from the Labour Party was the ongoing row over alleged antisemitism in the Labour Party . Labour entered
2997-460: The DUP and Conservative backbenchers , the second May ministry was unable to pass its Brexit withdrawal agreement by 29 March 2019, so some political commentators considered that an early general election was likely. The opposition Labour Party called for a 2019 vote of confidence in the May ministry but the motion, held in January, failed. May resigned following her party's poor performance in
3078-471: The District of Tandridge. East Surrey is a well-connected constituency in the inner Home counties . Until 2024 it combined the town of Horley with Surrey's District of Tandridge, which is made up of Caterham and modest commuter settlements, farming and retirement homes. Horley is one of two towns adjoining London Gatwick Airport and is part of Reigate and Banstead borough. The constituency area borders
3159-507: The Electoral Commission's Register. Those who do not belong to one must use the label Independent or none. In the 2019 election 3,415 candidates stood: 206 being independents, the rest representing one of 68 political parties. The Conservative Party and Labour Party have been the two biggest political parties, and have supplied every Prime Minister since the 1922 general election . The Conservative Party have governed since
3240-618: The House of Commons supported under the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019 . Opinion polls showed a firm lead for the Conservatives against the opposition Labour Party throughout the campaign. The Conservatives won 365 seats, their highest number and proportion since the 1987 general election , and recorded their highest share of the popular vote since 1979; many of their gains were made in seats once considered previously safe for Labour, dubbed
3321-486: The Hundred of Wallington as included and lay to the east of the parishes of Croydon and Sanderstead, and so much of the Hundred of Brixton as included and lay to the east of the parishes of Streatham, Clapham and Lambeth. For period to 1918 see completely new single-member Wimbledon and Reigate seats, also termed N.E. and S.E. Divisions of Surrey. 1918–1950 : The Urban Districts of Caterham, and Coulsdon and Purley, and
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3402-463: The Labour Party proposed to take rail-operating companies, energy supply networks, Royal Mail , sewerage infrastructure, and England's private water companies back into public ownership . Labour proposed nationalising part of the BT Group and to provide free broadband to everyone, along with free education for six years during each person's adult life. Over a decade, Labour planned to reduce
3483-516: The Labour manifesto but was a "decisive move away from the policies of the past decade". The Conservative manifesto was criticised for a commitment not to raise rates of income tax, National Insurance, or VAT, as this put a significant constraint on reactions to events that might affect government finances. One such event could be the "die in a ditch" promise to terminate the Brexit transition period by
3564-517: The Liberal Democrats' leader in Wales, was also unseated in Brecon and Radnorshire . In Northern Ireland, Irish nationalist MPs outnumbered unionists for the first time, although the unionist popular vote remained higher at 43.1 per cent, and the seven Sinn Féin MPs did not take their seats due to their tradition of abstentionism . Despite being elected with a landslide, Johnson went on to resign amid
3645-500: The NHS as "simple, progressive and would raise a secure level of revenue". The IFS also said plans to "virtually quintuple" current spending levels on universal free childcare amounted to "creating a whole new leg of the universal welfare state". The IFS said that the SNP's manifesto was not costed. Their proposals on spending increases and tax cuts would mean the government would have to borrow to cover day-to-day spending. They concluded that
3726-669: The Rural District of Godstone. 1950–1974 : The Urban Districts of Caterham and Warlingham, and Coulsdon and Purley. 1974–1983 : The Urban District of Caterham and Warlingham, and the Rural District of Godstone. 1983–1997 : The District of Tandridge. (Equivalent to the above) 1997–2010 : The District of Tandridge, and the Borough of Reigate and Banstead wards of Horley East and Horley West. 2010–2024 : As above plus Horley Central. 2024–present : The Borough of Reigate and Banstead ward of Hooley, Merstham & Netherne, and
3807-508: The SNP included a second referendum on Scottish independence to be held in 2020, as well as one on Brexit, removing the Trident nuclear deterrent , and devolution across issues like as employment law, drug policy, and migration. The Liberal Democrats, the Greens, the SNP, and Labour all supported a ban on fracking in the United Kingdom , whilst the Conservatives proposed approving fracking on
3888-545: The SNP's plans for Scottish independence would likely require increased austerity. The Conservatives proposed increasing spending on public services, including the NHS and education. They also proposed increased funding for childcare and on the environment. They proposed more funding for care services and to work with other parties on reforming how care is delivered. They wished to maintain the triple lock on pensions. They proposed investing in local infrastructure, including rail, bus, cycle, and electric cars. They pledged to build
3969-581: The Treaty on European Union came in March 2017, and Theresa May triggered a snap election in 2017, in order to demonstrate support for her planned negotiation of Brexit. Instead, the Conservative Party lost seats. They won a plurality of MPs but not a majority, and the result was a hung parliament . They formed a minority government , with the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) as their confidence and supply partner. Neither May nor her successor Boris Johnson ,
4050-486: The United Kingdom currently has 650 parliamentary constituencies across the constituent countries ( England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland ), each electing a single member of parliament (MP) to the House of Commons by the plurality ( first-past-the-post ) voting system, ordinarily every five years. Voting last took place in all 650 of those constituencies at the United Kingdom general election on 4 July 2024 . The number of seats rose from 646 to 650 at
4131-437: The United Kingdom, or be a British citizen overseas who registered to vote in the last 15 years; and not legally excluded (on grounds of detainment in prison, a mental hospital, or on the run from law enforcement), or disqualified from voting. Anyone who qualified as an anonymous elector had until midnight on 6 December to register. Most candidates are representatives of a political party , which must be registered with
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#17327724570464212-667: The abandonment of the Sixth Periodic Review (the 2018 review), the Boundary Commissions formally launched the 2023 Review on 5 January 2021 and published their final proposals on 28 June 2023. See 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies and List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies (2024–present) by region for further details. 2019 United Kingdom general election Boris Johnson Conservative Boris Johnson Conservative The 2019 United Kingdom general election
4293-506: The accuracy of claims around government income and expenditure. The IFS reported that neither the Conservatives nor the Labour Party had published a "properly credible prospectus". Its analysis of the Conservative manifesto concluded there was "essentially nothing new in the manifesto", that there was "little in the way of changes to tax, spending, welfare or anything else", and that they had already promised increased spending for health and education whilst in government. The Labour manifesto
4374-414: The amount Labour suggested, and said that they would need to introduce more broad based tax increases. They assessed that the public sector does not have the capacity to increase investment spending as Labour would want. The IFS further assessed the claim that tax rises would only hit the top 5% of earners as "certainly progressive" but "clearly not true", with those under that threshold impacted by changes to
4455-601: The average full-time weekly working hours to 32, with resulting productivity increases facilitating no loss of pay. Labour's spending plans were endorsed by more than 160 economists and academics and characterised as a "serious programme" to deal with internal problems. The main priority of the Liberal Democrats was opposing Brexit. Other policies included increased spending on the NHS; free childcare for two-to-four-year-olds; recruiting 20,000 more teachers; generating 80% of electricity from renewable sources by 2030; freezing train fares; and legalising cannabis. The Brexit Party
4536-630: The country's debt as a percentage of GDP remaining stable. The IFS assessed that it would rise in the event of a no-deal Brexit. The Labour Party manifesto planned to raise an extra £78 billion a year from taxes over the course of Parliament, with sources including: In addition, Labour was to obtain income from the Inclusive Ownership Fund, windfall tax on oil companies, and some smaller tax changes. There were increased spending commitments of £98 billion current spending and £55 billion investment spending. Overall, this would have led to
4617-585: The country's energy needs from renewable energies such as solar power and wind and retrofit 26 million homes with insulation by 2030. They also promised to build more environmentally friendly homes and to establish a new Department for the Climate Crisis. The Conservatives pledged net zero emissions by 2050 with investment in clean energy solutions and green infrastructure to reduce carbon emissions and pollution. They also pledged to plant 30 million trees and boost wind and solar energy. In September 2019,
4698-531: The county took in over a third of today's Greater London and its population far exceeded the average for a county. It was recognised as needing or meriting four MPs, so division, under the Great Reform Act, 1832 . The territory was incepted and absorbed two of Surrey's three rotten boroughs : Bletchingley and Gatton , which were abolished under the Act. It overlapped the boroughs of: Often known as
4779-489: The creation of 16 rather than just 2 metropolitan Surrey seats (Lambeth and Southwark which saw subdivision) and these "county" seats: In 1918 the constituency was re-established in dwarf form, taking rural and nascent very suburban parts of South East Surrey ("Reigate") and North East Surrey ("Wimbledon"), and for the first time electing only one MP. It covered from the south of Croydon to the Kent and West Sussex borders. It
4860-744: The day after for the ratification of the EPGEA. The deadline for candidate nominations was 14 November 2019, with political campaigning for four weeks until polling day on 12 December. On the day of the election, polling stations across the country were open from 7 am, and closed at 10 pm. The date chosen for the 2019 general election made it the first to be held in December since the 1923 general election . Individuals eligible to vote had to be registered to vote by midnight on 26 November. To be eligible to vote, individuals had to be aged 18 or over; residing as an Irish or Commonwealth citizen at an address in
4941-601: The deals negotiated by both May and Johnson, believing that they created too great a divide between Northern Ireland and the rest of the United Kingdom. Sinn Féin , the Social Democratic and Labour Party , the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), and the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland all favoured remaining in the EU. The UUP did not see a second referendum as a necessary route to achieving this goal. The Labour Party promised what they described as
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#17327724570465022-412: The debt as a percentage of GDP falling, partly due to improved economic conditions which would result from staying in the EU. The Institute of Fiscal Studies (IFS), an influential research body, released on 28 November its in-depth analysis of the manifestos of the three main national political parties. The analysis provided a summary of the financial promises made by each party and an inspection of
5103-504: The election campaign while under investigation by the Equality and Human Rights Commission . The Jewish Labour Movement declared that it would not generally campaign for Labour. The Conservative Party was also criticised for not doing enough to tackle the alleged Islamophobia in the Conservative Party . The Conservatives ended the previous parliamentary period with fewer seats than they had started with because of defections and also saw
5184-585: The end of 2020, which risked harming the economy. The IFS also stated that it is "highly likely" spending under a Conservative government would be higher than in that party's manifesto, partly due to a number of uncosted commitments. Outside of commitments to the NHS, the proposals would leave public service spending 14% lower in 2023–2024 than it was in 2010–2011, which the IFS described as "no more austerity perhaps, but an awful lot of it baked in". The IFS stated it had "serious doubt" that tax rises proposed would raise
5265-464: The inclusive ownership fund could reduce growth, meaning the overall impact of Labour's plan on growth was uncertain. The IFS described the plans of the Liberal Democrats as a radical tax and spend package, and said that the proposals would require lower borrowing than Conservative or Labour plans. The report said they were the only party whose proposals would put debt "on a decisively downward path", praising their plan to put 1p on income tax to go to
5346-478: The mandate he sought from the electorate to formally implement the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union , and to complete the repeal of the European Communities Act 1972 on 31 January 2020. Jeremy Corbyn , Labour's leader at the election, resigned, triggering the 2020 party leadership election , which was won by his shadow Brexit secretary, Keir Starmer . Jane Dodds ,
5427-451: The marriage allowance, taxes on dividends, or capital gains, and lower wages or higher prices that might be passed on from corporation tax changes. Some of Labour's proposals were described as "huge and complex undertakings", where significant care is required in implementation. The IFS was particularly critical of the policy to compensate the WASPI women, announced after the manifesto, which
5508-498: The national debt as a percentage of GDP rising. Labour's John McDonnell said borrowing would only be for investment and one-offs (e.g. compensating WASPI women, not shown above), and not for day-to-day spending. The Liberal Democrats manifesto planned to raise an extra £36 billion per year from taxes over the course of Parliament, with sources including: There were increased commitments of £37 billion current spending and £26 billion investment spending, which would overall lead to
5589-636: The new Greater London which then replaced the London County Council . The seat regained essentially the same land as it had lost to Reigate in 1950. Its MP until 1974, William Clark , won the new Croydon South in that year's February election. Clark's successor, Geoffrey Howe , later became Chancellor of the Exchequer and Foreign Secretary in Margaret Thatcher 's cabinet. This constituency underwent boundary changes between
5670-479: The process defined in the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 , which required a two-thirds supermajority in order for an election to take place. All three attempts to call an election failed to gain support; Parliament insisted that Johnson "take a no-deal Brexit off the table first" and secure a negotiated Withdrawal Agreement, expressed in particular by its enactment against his will of
5751-469: The referendum campaign. The Liberal Democrats , Scottish National Party , Plaid Cymru , The Independent Group for Change , and the Green Party of England and Wales were all opposed to Brexit, and proposed that a further referendum be held with the option, for which they would campaign, to remain in the EU. The Liberal Democrats originally pledged that if they formed a majority government , which
5832-478: The winner of the 2019 Conservative leadership election , was able to secure parliamentary support either for a deal on the terms of the country's exit from the EU, or for exiting the EU without an agreed deal. Johnson later succeeded in bringing his withdrawal agreement to a second reading in Parliament, following another extension until January 2020. After Johnson's 2019 win, a new Withdrawal Agreement Bill
5913-399: Was a £58bn promise to women who are "relatively well off on average" and would result in public finances going off target. They said that Labour's manifesto would not increase UK public spending as a share of national income above Germany. They found that Labour's plan to spend and invest would boost economic growth but that the impact of tax rises, government regulation, nationalisations, and
5994-475: Was also focused on Brexit. It opposed privatising the NHS. It sought to reduce immigration, cutting net migration to 50,000 per year; cutting VAT on domestic fuel; banning the exporting of waste; free broadband in deprived regions; scrapping the BBC licence fee; and abolishing inheritance tax, interest on student loans, and High Speed 2 . It also wanted to move to a United States-style supreme court . The policies of
6075-461: Was considered a highly unlikely outcome by observers, they would revoke the Article 50 notification immediately and cancel Brexit. Part-way through the campaign, the Liberal Democrats dropped the policy of revoking Article 50 after the party realised it was not going to win a majority in the election. The Democratic Unionist Party was in favour of a withdrawal agreement in principle but opposed
6156-650: Was described as having "little in the way of changes to tax" by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS). The decision to keep the rate of corporation tax at 19%, and not reduce it to 17% as planned, was expected to raise £6 billion a year. The plan to increase the national insurance threshold for employees and self-employed to £9,500 would cost £2 billion a year. They committed to not raise rates of income tax, National Insurance , or VAT . There were increased spending commitments of £3 billion current spending and £8 billion investment spending. Overall, this would have led to
6237-441: Was described as introducing "enormous economic and social change", and increasing the role of the state to be bigger than anything in the last 40 years. The IFS highlighted a raft of changes in including free childcare, university, personal care, and prescriptions, as well as nationalisations, labour market regulations, increases in the minimum wage, and enforcing "effective ownership of 10% of large companies from current owners to
6318-438: Was held on Thursday 12 December 2019, with 47,074,800 registered voters entitled to vote to elect 650 Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons . The governing Conservative Party , led by the prime minister Boris Johnson , won a landslide victory with a majority of 80 seats, a net gain of 48, on 43.6 per cent of the popular vote, the highest percentage for any party since the 1979 general election , though with
6399-664: Was introduced in 2020. Compared to its 2019 October predecessor, this bill offered, in the words of political scientist Meg Russell , "significantly weaker parliamentary oversight of Brexit ... giving parliament no formal role in agreeing the future relationship negotiating objectives, and a diminished role in approving any resulting treaty." During the lifespan of the 2017 Parliament, twenty MPs resigned from their parties, mostly due to disputes with their party leaderships; some formed new parties and alliances. In February 2019, eight Labour and three Conservative MPs left their parties to sit together as The Independent Group . Having undergone
6480-592: Was support for a second referendum on Brexit. The SNP ruled out either supporting the Conservatives or a coalition with Labour but spoke about a looser form of support, such as a confidence and supply arrangement with the latter, if they supported a second referendum on Scottish independence . The DUP previously supported the Conservative government but withdrew that support given their opposition to Johnson's proposed Brexit deal. It said that it would never support Corbyn as prime minister but could work with Labour if that party were led by someone else. Labour's position on
6561-416: Was to remain centred on Lingfield, Oxted , Limpsfield , Godstone , Caterham and Woldingham . In 1950 East Surrey lost Addington parish on the eastern fringe of Croydon to the 1918-formed Croydon South seat, and its southern half to Reigate . In 1974 the north-west of the area became part of Croydon South , reflecting the 1965 transfer of Purley and Coulsdon to the London Borough of Croydon in
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