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129-659: As part of the full-size Ford model range, the Country Squire was the top trim package station wagon counterpart of several model lines. For its first two generations, the Country Squire was based upon the Ford Custom Deluxe and the Ford Crestline that replaced it, along with the more modestly equipped Ford Country Sedan which was identical in dimensions except for the woodgrain appearance and minimal standard equipment. For its next three generations,

258-750: A V8 engine was offered for nearly all generations. At the time of its 2012 model-year discontinuation, the Ford Crown Victoria was the final mass-produced sedan offered with a separate frame. During the first half of the 20th century, American automobiles were typically identified by manufacturer and model year (such as a 1952 Ford ). At the time, each manufacturer offered nearly the same range of body styles for each of their vehicle brands (e.g., Ford, Mercury, and Lincoln). To augment their brand lineups, automakers began to market their vehicle lines in multiple nameplates, distinguished by exterior and interior trim. The term "full-size" came into use in

387-401: A 250 hp 352 cubic-inch V8, and a 300 hp 390 cubic-inch V8. For 1966, two versions of the 390 were introduced, producing 275 hp (2-bbl) or 315 hp (4-bbl). For the first time, a 428 cubic-inch V8 was offered on the Country Squire, producing 345 hp. For 1967, the 352 FE V8 was dropped, largely replaced by the 2-bbl version of the 390 (producing 270 hp). For 1968, the 289

516-407: A 352 cubic-inch V8 (235 hp with 2-barrel; 300 hp with 4-barrel). For 1961, the engines were detuned, with the six making 135 hp, the 292 175 hp, and the 352 220 hp (the 300 hp V8 remained). For 1962, the engines were retuned to 138 hp for the inline-6 and 170 hp for the 292; while the 220 hp version of the 352 remained, the 300 hp version was replaced by

645-544: A 390 cubic-inch V8 producing 300 hp (the only version of the 390 offered with the Country Squire). For 1963, the 292 V8 was discontinued, replaced by a 164 hp 260 cubic-inch V8. For 1964, the 260 V8 was expanded to 289 cubic inches (producing 195 hp); the 352 was retuned to 250 hp. As with the previous generation, three and four-speed (overdrive) manual transmissions were offered, along with three-speed Fordomatic or Cruise-O-Matic automatics. For 1964,

774-721: A 65-hp flathead V8 engine for a $ 10 price premium over the standard Model B. Demand for the V8 was so strong that Ford struggled to keep up. After 1934, the four-cylinder engine was discontinued; the next four-cylinder Ford in North America was the Pinto in 1971. For the 1935 model year, the Ford lineup was powered exclusively by a V8 engine. Styling changes introduced the first integrated trunks on sedan models and suspension changes increased interior room. In 1936, further updates included

903-586: A U.S. steelmaker. The new Dearborn Truck factory famously features a vegetation-covered roof and rainwater reclamation system designed by sustainability architect William McDonough . This facility is still Ford's largest factory and employs some 6,000 workers. Mustang production, however, has moved to the Flat Rock Assembly Plant in Flat Rock, Michigan . Tours of the Rouge complex were

1032-768: A V8 engine, the Police Interceptor Sedan was offered with two V6 engines (both more powerful than the previous V8); an optional twin-turbocharged V6 was shared with the Taurus SHO. In September 1908, the lineage of the full-sized Ford began as the Model T entered production. The successor to the Model N and Model S , the Model T would become the first Ford to use mass-production techniques. Produced in over 14 body styles, over 15 million were produced in 19 years of production. Although its predecessors introduced

1161-431: A V8 in its full-sized cars (making it standard equipment from 1935 to 1940 and from 1973 to 2012). Originating from the Model T, each generation of the model line shared a common chassis construction layout. Body-on-frame construction (various designs) was combined with a front-engine, rear-wheel drive powertrain and a live rear axle ; the design is similar to many light trucks sold in North America. The sole exception

1290-535: A central part of the redesign was lower body height, requiring an all-new chassis to accommodate a lower floor. The only station wagon with standard-equipment wood paneling (of any type) from 1954 to 1956, the Country Squire was joined by the Mercury Colony Park in 1957 and briefly with the Edsel Bermuda in 1958. Coinciding with the use of a lower body and interior floor, the fourth generation

1419-654: A change that would last through 1968, the Country Squire was the flagship Ford station wagon, with the four-door (non-wood) Country Sedan and the two-door Ranch Wagon. In 1956, the two-door Parklane was introduced; intended to compete with the Chevrolet Nomad , the Parklane combined the body of the Ranch Wagon with the trim of the Fairlane (similar to the Country Squire interior). Largely carryover from 1954,

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1548-602: A competitor to the Chevrolet Impala Super Sport. As a base model for fleets, for 1963, Ford introduced the Ford 300 , which was renamed the Custom for 1964. The three-model station wagon series remained unchanged from 1960 to 1962. For 1963, the base-trim Ranch Wagon was adopted by the Fairlane model range. For the 1965 model year, the full-sized Ford platform underwent a complete redesign. While sharing

1677-411: A long tradition. Free bus tours of the facility began in 1924 and ran until 1980, at their peak hosting approximately a million visitors per year. They resumed in 2004 in cooperation with The Henry Ford Museum with multimedia presentations, as well as viewing of the assembly floor. The Ford Rouge Factory Tour had 148,000 visitors in 2017. Hourly workers from both Ford and Cleveland Cliffs facilities at

1806-586: A major shift, for 1957, Ford station wagons no longer shared a body with a Mercury counterpart; instead, the body was developed for the Edsel line of station wagons, with the Country Squire becoming the counterpart of the Edsel Bermuda (distinguished by its combination of woodgrain sides and two-tone paint). While based on the shorter wheelbase of the Ford Custom, the Country Squire still shared trim with

1935-456: A mass-market vehicle led police forces to end their usage of premium-brand (and higher-price) vehicles. Along with comparable sedans from AMC, Chrysler, and General Motors, the model line saw heavy use by police forces that desired robust body-on-frame construction, rear-wheel drive traction, and V8 engine power. In 1950, Ford introduced its first specialized option package for police cars; the package added heavy-duty components and an engine from

2064-582: A new assembly facility on the Miller Road side of the complex, currently producing Ford F-150 pickup trucks. The River Rouge complex manufactured most of the components of Ford vehicles, starting with the Model T. Many of the vehicles were compiled into " knock-down kits ", then sent by railroad to various branch assembly locations across the United States in major metropolitan cities to be locally assembled, using local supplies as necessary. After

2193-445: A one-piece tailgate with a roll-down window which had been previously offered on Mercury station wagons as standard equipment beginning in 1957. As part of the tailgate design, a safety lockout required the rear window to be fully lowered before the tailgate could be lowered; the window was lowered either manually or electrically. On both tailgate designs, the tailgate used a torsion bar spring to counterbalance its hinge. Coinciding with

2322-552: A padded dashboard, and redesigned door latches. Although this was the first generation of Fords to undergo crash testing, the Lifeguard package was not well received by buyers. Several nameplates in the Ford lineup made their first appearance during this time. Ford introduced the Fairlane , Crown Victoria , and Ranch Wagon as part of the 1955 lineup. Station wagons were now a separate model series from two- and four-doors. For

2451-415: A perimeter frame, the Country Squire grew in size over its predecessor, five inches wider and five inches longer than its predecessor. The wood exterior trim returned to the appearance of boat decking, with a simpler border trim design. To improve entry and exit, the forward-sloping A-pillar was replaced by a rearward-sloping design, allowing for wider front door opening. While the third-row seat still required

2580-648: A power-adjusted front seat introduced for 1954. For the 1952 and 1953 model years, the Country Squire was offered with a 110 hp 239 cubic-inch V8 (inline-sixes were offered only for the Ranch Wagon). For 1954, in line with all Fords, the Flathead V8 was replaced by the overhead-valve Y-block V8. While built with the same displacement as the Flathead V8, the Y-block increased output from 110 to 130 hp (82 to 97 kW; 112 to 132 PS). The inline-six

2709-720: A replacement for the Skyliner retractable hardtop, the Starliner fastback hardtop served as the flagship hardtop, with the Sunliner convertible making its return. For 1962, as the Fairlane was established as a free-standing model range, all full-sized Fords were Galaxies; with the introduction of the Galaxie 500 and Galaxie 500 XL submodels (replacing the Starliner/Sunliner), the bucket-seats-and-console 500 XL served as

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2838-599: A single model line of cars (as well as trucks, before 1948), with individual nameplates denoting a trim-level hierarchy. With the 1960 introduction of the Ford Falcon compact, the previous line of Fords (ranging from the Custom to the Galaxie and station wagons) became the full-sized Ford model range of cars. For 1962, Ford used the Fairlane nameplate for a third model range, sized between the Falcon and Galaxie (sharing components from both model lines); named an intermediate,

2967-441: A three-story structure, is part of the legendary Dearborn Assembly Plant, which started producing Model A's in the late 1920s and continued production of Ford full-sized coupes and sedans through 2004. After the war, production turned to Fordson tractors . Although the Rouge produced nearly all the parts of the Model T , assembly of that vehicle remained at Highland Park . It was not until 1927 that automobile production began at

3096-699: Is a Ford Motor Company automobile factory complex located in Dearborn, Michigan , along the River Rouge , upstream from its confluence with the Detroit River at Zug Island . Construction began in 1917, and when it was completed in 1928, it was the largest integrated factory in the world, surpassing Buick City , built in 1904. It inspired the Île Seguin Renault factory in 1920, the GAZ factory built in

3225-461: Is a double wishbone configuration, with ball-jointed A-arms. Shared with the F-Series, the Country Squire used 11-inch drum brakes on all four wheels. At its launch, the fifth-generation retained several engines from the previous generation. A 145 hp 223 cubic-inch inline-six was standard, with three optional V8 engines. A 292 cubic-inch V8 (retuned to 185 hp) made its return, along with

3354-525: Is a term adopted for a long-running line of Ford vehicles with a shared model lineage in North America. Originating in 1908 with the Ford Model T, the line ended in 2019 with the Ford Taurus , as Ford withdrew from the full-sized sedan segment in North America. Across 111 years, 15 generations, and over 60 million examples of the model line were produced across over 50 model nameplates. By contrast,

3483-573: Is the Ford Taurus (which entered production as the 2005 Ford Five Hundred ), which introduced unibody construction, four-wheel independent suspension, and front-wheel drive (optional all-wheel drive); for the first time since 1931, no V8 engine was offered. Similar in several dimensions in comparison to its Crown Victoria market predecessor, the Five Hundred/Taurus was larger the market flagships produced by Ford of Europe ( Ford Scorpio ) and Ford Australia ( Ford Fairlane/LTD ). Following

3612-403: Is to date still in production. The term squire is a British term that refers to a village leader or a lord of the manor , which is also called a "squire", and the term was applied to members of the landed gentry . Although all Ford Country Squires feature wood-grain body trim, only the first-generation 1950-1951 versions are true " Woodies" . The genuine wood body panels were manufactured at

3741-464: The Ford F-Series ). To different extents, Mercury and Lincoln shared either a body and/or chassis with full-sized Fords from the 1940s to the 2010s. Alongside with its status as the physically largest sedan offered by Ford in North America, nearly the entire line shared a common design lineage, including a rear-wheel drive layout and body-on-frame construction (excepting the final Ford Taurus),

3870-733: The Ford Iron Mountain Plant in the Michigan Upper Peninsula from lumber owned by Ford Motor Company. For 1952, all-steel bodies replaced wooden body structures to reduce production costs. Subsequently, exterior body trim consisted of simulated woodgrain (with varying degrees of coverage on the body). During the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, Ford would use the Squire nameplate on intermediate, mid-size, compact, and subcompact vehicles, denoting station wagons with woodgrain exterior trim. Alongside full-size Fords,

3999-690: The Ford LTD . Initially a 1965 submodel of the Galaxie 500, the LTD became a full model line for 1966. Adopting many of the convenience features available on a Lincoln or Mercury, the Ford LTD was introduced before or alongside sedans such as the Chevrolet Caprice and Dodge Monaco . The Ranch Wagon returned to the station-wagon line, based upon the Custom. For 1967, the Ford Galaxie 500 XL

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4128-543: The hidden headlamps (offered by Lincoln-Mercury). The XL and Galaxie 500 SportsRoofs were fastbacks, sharing a roofline with the Mercury Marauder ; standard Galaxie 500s and LTDs used a formal hardtop roofline. During the early 1970s, the model line underwent a transition. After 1970, the XL was discontinued, as demand for high-performance vehicles shifted further away from full-sized vehicles. A minor revision of

4257-444: The "butterfly" hood with its lifting side panels. Ford made several safety-related changes, as well. The dashboard was redesigned (to feature recessed controls) in 1938, hydraulic brakes were added in 1939, and sealed-beam headlights were introduced a year later. For 1941, Ford introduced an all-new generation of cars and trucks. These were the final generation of cars produced in the lifetimes of both Edsel Ford and Henry Ford. Due to

4386-419: The 1.1-million-square-foot (100,000 m ) Dearborn truck assembly plant was covered with more than 10 acres (4.0 ha) of sedum , a low-growing groundcover . The sedum retains and cleanses rainwater and moderates the internal temperature of the building, saving energy. The roof is part of an $ 18 million rainwater treatment system designed to collect and clean rainwater annually, sparing Ford from

4515-595: The 118-inch wheelbase was exclusive to the Fairlane, with Ford (and Edsel) station wagons sharing a 116-inch wheelbase with the Ford Custom . To allow for a lower floor, the frame layout changed from a truck-style ladder frame to a perimeter frame . A configuration used until the 2011 discontinuation of the Ford Crown Victoria, the perimeter frame allowed the floorpan to sit between the frame rails (instead of above them). To further reduce vehicle height,

4644-482: The 119-inch wheelbase of the previous generation, Ford redesigned the frame and suspension in an effort to upgrade ride and handling. The longitudinal rear leaf springs (used since 1949) were replaced by a three-link coil-sprung live rear axle. In modified form, the design was used through the production of the 1979-2012 Panther chassis (and the Ford Aerostar van). To comply with federal safety mandates, in 1967

4773-778: The 1930s in the Soviet Union , the Volkswagen factory near Fallersleben in Germany from 1938, the FIAT factory at Torino ( FIAT Mirafiori factory ) in Italy from 1939 as well as the later Hyundai factory complex in Ulsan, South Korea , which was developed beginning in the late 1960s. Designed by Albert Kahn , River Rouge was designated as a National Historic Landmark District in 1978 for its architecture and historical importance to

4902-513: The 1946 model with few changes aside from a new grille. Under the hood, the V8 engine was now shared with Mercury, allowing Ford to break the 100-hp barrier for the first time. In 1947, the last Ford trucks based on the car chassis were produced. For 1948, the F-Series was introduced as a dedicated truck chassis. For the 1949 model year, Ford redesigned its car lineup with a number of significant changes. The transverse-leaf suspension, seen since

5031-452: The 1949 Ford chassis abandoned several design elements retained by Ford since the Model T, including a torque tube driveshaft and transverse leaf springs. In a major change, Ford sought to change the marketing of station wagons, transitioning their use from a commercial vehicle to a premium family vehicle. The listed retail price was US$ 2,119 ($ 27,135 in 2023 dollars ) and 31,412 were manufactured. Designed by Eugene Gregorie and Ross Cousins,

5160-399: The 1960s, Ford began to decentralize manufacturing, building several factories in major metropolitan centers. The Rouge was downsized, with units (including the famous furnaces and docks) sold off to independent companies, many still operating independently to this day. On May 26, 1937, a group of workers attempting to organize a union at the Rouge were severely beaten, an event later called

5289-496: The 1970s progressed, Ford gradually consolidated its full-sized range under the LTD nameplate (which included the Country Squire station wagon). After 1974, the Galaxie was discontinued (along with the Country Sedan station wagon); the Custom 500 was largely relegated to fleet and police sales. Second only in production to the Model T, about 7,850,000 examples of the 1969-1978 full-sized Ford/Mercury platform were produced;

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5418-459: The 1979 LTD received smaller exterior dimensions than the midsized LTD II. In spite of its smaller size, the redesign led to increased interior and trunk space. The all-new Panther chassis remained rear-wheel drive, and retained the standard V8 engine power. As the LTD was introduced, Ford began development on its intended replacement, the front-wheel drive Ford Taurus . As fuel prices stabilized and demand for full-sized cars remained, Ford made

5547-470: The 2011 model year, it was no longer legal for sale in North America (as the model was designed without stability control). Following a short run of 2012 production destined entirely for export to Saudi Arabia, the final Ford Crown Victoria was produced on September 15, 2011. Ford River Rouge Complex The Ford River Rouge complex (commonly known as the Rouge complex , River Rouge , or The Rouge )

5676-463: The 272 was replaced by the 292, increased to 202 hp (151 kW; 205 PS). A 312 cu in (5.1 L) Y-block (shared with the Thunderbird and Mercury) offered up to 225 hp (168 kW; 228 PS) was optional only by special order. For 1957, the Ford model line underwent its first complete redesign for the first time since 1952. In line with other American manufacturers,

5805-424: The 3-speed manual was redesigned, becoming synchronized in all three gears. In contrast to the fourth generation Country Squire, the fifth generation largely abandoned yearly body updates. The body design was more conservative, integrating the headlights into the grille and fairing the bumper more closely into the fenders. For 1961, the rear tailgate underwent a complete redesign, abandoning the two-piece tailgate for

5934-690: The 4-speed overdrive manual. For 1967 only, a floor-shifted 4-speed manual was offered for the Country Squire (only with the 390 and 428 V8s). The Fordomatic 3-speed automatic was retired, with Cruise-O-Matic replaced by several 3-speed automatic designs marketed under the SelectShift name; the C4 was developed for inline-6 and small V8s, while the C6 was developed for large V8s; the FMX was introduced for medium-size engines in 1968. Full-size Ford Full-size Ford

6063-447: The 50th anniversary of Ford), the Country Squire featured a commemorative steering wheel center and rear-door armrests became standard. For 1954, the range of color choices were expanded from six to twelve (remaining single-color exteriors), with red, blue/white, or green/white interiors replacing the previous tan/brown interior. Several power-assisted features became introduced; in 1953, power steering became an option, with power brakes and

6192-720: The Battle of the Overpass . Peter E. Martin 's respect for labor led to Walter Reuther , a UAW leader, allowing Martin to be the only Ford manager to retrieve his papers or gain access to the plant. The Rouge was one of only three locations where Ford manufactured the Mustang; the other sites were Metuchen Assembly in Edison, New Jersey , and San Jose Assembly in Milpitas, California . By 1987, only Mustang production remained at

6321-452: The Country Squire also received heavier-duty rear-suspension, wider tires, and a larger fuel tank over Ford sedans. Following its introduction, the Country Squire underwent several revisions distinct from Ford sedans. For 1950, the spare-tire cover was deleted; in April 1950, the lower tailgate was redesigned, changing from all-wood construction to steel construction (with wood trim). For 1951,

6450-447: The Country Squire carried over all three engines from the 1956 model year, with revised power outputs. A 144 hp 223 cubic-inch Mileage Maker inline-6 was the standard engine. The 292 cubic-inch V8 returned (with a two-barrel carburetor), producing 212 hp. Three versions of the 312 cubic-inch V8 were offered: 245 hp (four-barrel), 270 hp (dual four-barrel), and 300 hp (dual four-barrel, supercharger). For 1958, while

6579-555: The Country Squire chassis retained its 115.5 inch wheelbase and chassis underpinnings. While the roofline from the B-pillar rearward was essentially identical from the previous generation, a panoramic windshield (with a vertical A-pillar) was introduced. The wood trim was revised, with the DI-NOC transfers adopting the style of a wood-bodied motorboat ; the fiberglass trim was extended into the front fenders (the simulated " ponton fender "

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6708-557: The Country Squire grew over five inches in length. Adopting styling elements of the Mercury Country Cruiser Colony Park and the Edsel Villager, the Country Squire had a less angled front fascia with a wider grille, two large round taillamps, and redesigned tailfins (with turn signal lenses). In a major change, the simulated wood trim around the roof pillars was replaced by stainless steel, leaving

6837-544: The Country Squire retained the dashboard of the 1950 Ford (with the 1951 steering column). As a true "woodie", assembly of the Country Squire was labor-intensive, requiring completion at three assembly plants. Initial assembly of the steel body was completed at the Dearborn Assembly Plant , with the incomplete body shipped to the Iron Mountain plant for the fitment of wood paneling; upon completion,

6966-685: The Country Squire was a distinct model range; initially sharing its trim with the Ford Fairlane , the Country Squire later adopted trim of the Ford Galaxie . For its final two generations, the Country Squire became a counterpart of Ford LTD and the Ford LTD Crown Victoria after its downsizing for the last generation, while sharing multiple passenger accommodation duties with the Ford Aerostar . The Country Squire

7095-408: The Country Squire. The 1960 version with the V8 was listed at US$ 3,080 ($ 31,722 in 2023 dollars ) before optional equipment was added. Starting with 1962, the Galaxie became the senior, full-size model series when the Ford Fairlane became the intermediate model series on a shorter wheelbase, and was also offered as a station wagon with optionally available woodgrained appearance. Retaining the use of

7224-400: The Country Squire; and the only exterior colors offered were Alpine Blue, Carnival Red metallic, Meadowbrook Green, Sungate Ivory and Glenmist Green, and they were color-keyed to the wood exterior trim. Matching the wood trim, the interior was offered in a single tan/brown color scheme. As with the previous generation, the second-generation Country Squire used a two-piece tailgate. The spare tire

7353-476: The Dearborn Assembly Plant (DAP). In 1987 Ford planned to replace that car with the front wheel drive Ford Probe , but public outcry quickly turned to surging sales. With the fourth-generation Mustang a success, the Rouge was saved as well. Ford decided to modernize its operations. A gas explosion on February 1, 1999, killed six employees and injured two dozen more, resulting in the idling of

7482-659: The Fairlane was an ancestor of the mid-sized car segment of today. Following the expansion of Ford chassis, several Ford body styles ended their production during this generation. Following a large decline in demand, 1960 marked the final year of the Ford Courier sedan delivery (largely replaced by the Ford Econoline van, derived from the Falcon) and 1961 marked the end of the two-door Ranch Wagon (with all Ford station wagons becoming four-doors). The Ranchero shifted to

7611-452: The Fairlane. Along with Ford sedans, the Country Squire adopted several design elements of the 1957 Ford Thunderbird , including its wraparound windshield (restyled with a forward-slanted A-pillar), short tailfins , and large round taillamps. To further expand load capacity, the folding mechanism of the middle seat was redesigned, allowing for a completely flat load floor when stowed (the rear seat still had to be removed). To improve loading,

7740-415: The Ford station wagon marked the first transition away from the full " woodie ". In place of a complete wooden body aft of the firewall, the 1949 Ford station wagon was designed with a steel roof, rear fenders, and tailgate frame. Wood construction remained for the side bodywork and upper and lower tailgate (using mahogany plywood trimmed by maple or birch). Sharing its body with Mercury, the Ford station wagon

7869-475: The Fords on a 121 in (3.07 m) wheelbase, and the variously named Mercurys (except their wagons) on a more luxurious 124 in (3.15 m) wheelbase. Necessitated by the implementation of American federal fuel economy standards ( CAFE ), Ford introduced an all-new full-sized line for 1979. In line with General Motors, Ford underwent downsizing, losing 15 inches of length and 800 pounds of curb weight;

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7998-451: The LTD became a full model line for the 1968 model year, the Country Squire became its station wagon counterpart, with Ford adding "LTD" badging to the hood. The 1968 LTD 9-passenger version with the V8 was listed at US$ 3,619 ($ 31,709 in 2023 dollars ) before optional equipment installed. To comply with the implementation of safety regulations in the United States, many running changes were made during this generation, effectively standardizing

8127-460: The LTD nameplate took over for a facelifted version of the slow-selling Granada sedan. For 1992, the Crown Victoria was introduced (dropping the LTD prefix); the Country Squire station wagon was discontinued. As part of a substantial upgrade of the Panther chassis, the Crown Victoria adopted a ground-up redesign of the exterior (influenced by the first-generation Taurus). The redesign included four-wheel disc brakes, antilock brakes, and dual airbags;

8256-419: The Mercury sedan. Following the 1996 demise of the General Motors B platform (AMC ended production of large rear-wheel drive sedans in 1978, with Chrysler following suit in 1981), Ford held a virtual monopoly on police vehicles sold in North America into the 2010s. For 1992, the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor became a distinct model line (not offered to the general public). The heavy-duty chassis of

8385-440: The Model T aged in comparison to its competition, the market share held by Ford began to erode by the mid-1920s. At the end of 1927, the Model A was introduced as its replacement. Introduced in December 1927, the Model A borrowed its name from the first car produced by the company in 1903. As with the Model T, the Model A used a front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout with body-on-frame construction; an all-new four-cylinder engine

8514-465: The Model T, was replaced by independent front suspension and longitudinal leaf springs. Fenders and running boards were completely integrated into the bodywork. In 1950, the Ford model line expanded itself further as the division added model names to the lineup (as opposed to Ford Standard or Ford Custom). A year later, an automatic transmission appeared for the first time. Wood-paneled station wagons were now available as Country Squire . Ford entered

8643-483: The Rouge complex have been renovated and converted to "green" structures with a number of environmentally friendly features. In the summer of 1932, through Edsel Ford 's support, Mexican artist Diego Rivera was invited to study the facilities at the Rouge. These studies informed his set of murals known as Detroit Industry . The plant's first products were Eagle Boats , World War I anti-submarine warfare boats produced in Building B. The original Building B,

8772-426: The Rouge, with the introduction of the Ford Model A. During World War II the Rouge complex produced jeeps, aircraft engines, aircraft components and parts, tires and tubes, armor plate, and tractors. Other Rouge products included the 1932 Model B , the original Mercury , the Ford Thunderbird , Mercury Capri , and four decades of Ford Mustangs . The old assembly plant was idled with the construction and launch of

8901-443: The Squire name was used for the Falcon , Fairlane , Torino , Pinto , Granada , Gran Torino , LTD II , Fairmont , Escort , and mid-size LTD (the last model range to use the name). The Squire name was also used on woodgrain-trim versions of the Ranchero ; in 1976, Ford offered a Pinto Squire two-door hatchback. For the 1949 model year, Ford introduced its first post-war model line. While retaining body-on-frame construction,

9030-422: The bodies were shipped back to various Ford assembly facilities for final assembly (mounting to frames, fitment of interiors). For 1951, Ford outsourced final assembly of the Country Squire, contracting Ionia Body Company (an assembler of wood-bodied station wagons for General Motors). During its production, the first-generation Country Squire was available with engines shared with Ford sedans. The standard engine

9159-424: The body underwent several styling revisions, along with multiple functional upgrades. The Crestline was discontinued, with the Country Squire becoming the counterpart of the all-new top level Fairlane sedan line. The listed retail price was $ 2,392 ($ 27,206 in 2023 dollars ) and production increased to 19,011. For 1955, Ford consolidated its three station wagons into a distinct model line separate from its sedans. In

9288-415: The brakes, throttle, and clutch, as well as a separate gearshift. Safety glass made their automotive industry debut when Ford used it for the windshield. For the 1932 model year, Ford introduced a revised version of the Model A. The Model B was introduced with a modernized powertrain and chassis and slightly restyled bodywork. Only five years removed from the last Model T, the Model B introduced Ford and

9417-408: The compact Falcon chassis for 1960, ending its commonality with full-sized Fords. For 1961, Mercury downsized its model line; in what would be a precedent through 1978, Mercury full-sized sedans became mechanical counterparts of the full-sized Ford, distinguished by a slightly longer wheelbase. The 1960 Ford chassis received a number of drivetrain revisions. While 1960 had engines carried over from

9546-569: The complex are represented by UAW Local 600. A fleet of three Ford-owned Great Lakes freighters initially named for the Ford grandsons and later renamed for top company executives, was based at the River Rouge Plant. The deckhouse of the SS Benson Ford was transported by crane barge to Put-in-Bay, Ohio and placed on an 18-foot cliff as a private home above Lake Erie. In September, 2020 Ford announced construction of

9675-571: The decision to continue to produce the Panther platform alongside the Taurus. In a rebranding of the model line, the Custom 500 was dropped in the United States (ending altogether in Canada in 1981). In 1983, as part of a major model shift throughout Ford Motor Company, the LTD and LTD Crown Victoria were split apart. The LTD Crown Victoria (and the Country Squire) became the sole full-sized cars, while

9804-519: The downsizing of the Ford LTD to the Panther platform for the 1979 model year, Ford produced over 5 million vehicles under the LTD, LTD Crown Victoria, Country Squire, Crown Victoria, Crown Victoria P71, and Crown Victoria Police Interceptor nameplates. Following the 1932 introduction of the Ford V8, police forces of North America shifted preferences for police cars ; the powerful V8 engine paired in

9933-425: The early 1960s, following the introduction of compact and intermediate sedans by American automakers (with Ford releasing the Ford Falcon , Ford Fairlane , and the later Ford Mustang ). While not a size term relative to its predecessors, full-size indicated the largest and most complete sedan offered by Ford (at 134 inches long, the Model T was 6 inches shorter than the introductory 1976 Ford Fiesta). Following

10062-613: The end of the 1960s. For 1966, Chrysler reintroduced wood trim for the Town & Country station wagon (and for the first Dodge Monaco station wagon). General Motors introduced wood trim for the 1966 Chevrolet Caprice Estate and in 1967 for the Buick Sport Wagon and Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser . As part of the 1968 introduction of the intermediate Ford Torino and Mercury Montego , a Torino Squire and Montego Villager station wagon were introduced with woodgrain exterior trim. As

10191-471: The entire automotive industry to yearly changes for model styling. In 1933, the exterior was redesigned, while the 1934 wore a new front end of its own; all three versions rode on the same basic chassis. For 1932, Ford introduced an option that would remain in the full-sized Ford line for seven decades. Developed as a response to the 1929 introduction of the Chevrolet "Stovebolt Six" , the Model 18 offered

10320-457: The equipment introduced by the Lifeguard option package. For 1966, Ford standardized front and rear seat belts, a padded dashboard and sun visors, a deep-dish steering wheel, reinforced door latches, and emergency flashers. For 1967, as part of federal regulations, the steering wheel was fitted with a padded center and fitted to an energy-absorbing (collapsible) steering column; other requirements included padded interior surfaces, recessed controls on

10449-409: The exterior was introduced for 1971; while the tradition of Ford round/square brake lights was ended, the LTD became one of the first cars equipped with a third brake light (a feature dropped in 1973), and 1972 marked the final year for the long-running Custom and the LTD convertible. For 1973, the full-sized line underwent a redesign of the body. To accommodate federal regulations, the front fascia

10578-526: The first time since 1949, the 1957 Ford lineup was built on an all-new chassis; a new frame allowed for the use of lower-mounted bodies. As part of the convertible lineup, the Skyliner introduced a new feature: the retractable hardtop. The Ranchero , introduced in 1957, was the first coupe utility pickup sold in North America, antedating the Chevrolet El Camino by two years. The Ranchero

10707-418: The first time, the Country Squire was available with several optional V8 engines with multiple power outputs. Shared with the Fairlane, a 272 cu in (4.5 L) Y-block V8 produced 162 hp (121 kW; 164 PS) (2-barrel carburetor) or 182 hp (136 kW; 185 PS) (4-barrel carburetor). Shared with the Thunderbird, a 292 cu in (4.8 L) V8 produced 198 hp. For 1956,

10836-617: The formal rear roofline of the Mercury Grand Marquis and minor revisions to the front and rear fascias. For the 2003, the Panther chassis underwent an update to the frame and suspension, improving the handling of the model line. While well supported by fleet and police sales, Ford ended retail sale of the Crown Victoria, effectively replacing the model line between the Taurus and the Grand Marquis. Following

10965-441: The frame rails became fully-boxed; the perimeter frame configuration was retained. While again using a double-wishbone, ball-jointed A-arm configuration for the front suspension, the front track width was widened to improve handling. The rear leaf springs were discontinued, replaced with a three-link coil-sprung solid rear axle; in various forms, Ford would use this suspension configuration on rear-wheel drive full-size vehicles through

11094-460: The front-engine, rear-wheel drive configuration to the company, the Model T was the first Ford produced in left-hand drive. Throughout its production run, the Model T had relatively few changes. In addition to changes to refine its production (which dictated its specification of black paint), technological upgrades were made along the way. Ford added electric lights (in 1910), electric starting (1919), balloon tires (1925), and wire wheels (1926). As

11223-417: The full-sized Fords were updated with a padded dashboard, recessed controls, collapsible steering column with padded steering wheel, and three-point seatbelts; 1968 models gained side marker lights. For 1968, the front fascia underwent a revision, shifting from vertically stacked headlights to horizontally mounted headlamps; the XL, LTD, and Country Squire were given hidden headlamps. The 1965 Ford line gained

11352-401: The industry and economy of the United States. The Rouge complex measures 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide by 1 mile (1.6 km) long, including 93 buildings with nearly 16 million square feet (1.5 km ) of factory floor space. With its own docks in the dredged Rouge River , 100 miles (160 km) of interior railroad track, its own electricity plant , and integrated steel mill ,

11481-462: The inline-6 returned, the Y-block engines were replaced with an all-new set of V8 engines, named the FE-series (Ford/Edsel). Two displacements were available, a 332 cubic-inch V8 (240 hp with a 2-barrel carburetor; 265 hp with a 4-barrel carburetor) or 352 cubic inches (300 horsepower, four-barrel carburetor). For 1959, the engine line was revised further, with a 200 hp 292 V8 becoming

11610-493: The instrument panel, and front outboard shoulder belt anchors. As an added degree of redundancy, a dual-chamber brake master cylinder was added for the 1968 model year (on the Country Squire, alongside all other vehicles sold in the United States). The rear-wheel drive 1965 Ford chassis used by the sixth-generation Country Squire retained the 119-inch wheelbase of the previous generation. For higher strength and rigidity,

11739-584: The introduction of solid wheels and the integration of the horn into the bodywork. For 1937, Ford updated its car lineup with minor styling changes. However, the introduction of the De Luxe Ford marked the beginning of expansion of the Ford Motor Company brand lineup. De Luxe Ford was marketed as an upscale sub-brand to bridge the gap between Ford and Lincoln-Zephyr . In 1939, the Mercury

11868-518: The introduction of the Ford LTD , the Country Squire was a counterpart of the Galaxie 500 model line alongside the non-woodgrain Country Sedan (alongside the standard Galaxie). The 1965 version with the V8 was listed at US$ 3,216 ($ 37,668 in 2023 dollars ). During the production of the sixth-generation Country Squire, wood-trimmed station wagons (in simulated form) underwent a revival in production. Previously exclusive to Ford and Mercury from 1954 to 1965, counterpart station wagons entered production during

11997-423: The last vehicle built at the historic site. Demolition of the historic DAP facility was completed in 2008. All that remains is a 3000 place parking lot to hold light truck production from the new Dearborn Truck Plant. Today, the Rouge site is home to Ford's Rouge Center. This industrial park includes six Ford factories on 600 acres (2.4 km ) of land, as well as steelmaking operations run by Cleveland Cliffs,

12126-512: The liftgate redesign for 1961, the front and rear fascias were redesigned, marking the return of (small) tailfins and large round taillamps, in line with the Ford Thunderbird . For 1964, the Country Squire underwent a facelift of its rear fascia (deleting the tailfins) and its side trim, with a redesign of the wood trim. For the 1965 model year, the full-size Ford model line underwent a complete redesign with an all-new chassis. Alongside

12255-413: The long-running 5.0 L V8 was replaced by a 4.6 L V8, the first overhead-cam V8 offered in an American full-sized sedan. The Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor was introduced as a purpose-built police vehicle, including upgraded suspension and drivetrain components; the distinct model was not offered for retail sale. The Crown Victoria underwent a single exterior revision for 1998 model year, adopting

12384-500: The longest-running single nameplate worldwide is the Chevrolet Suburban , in use since the 1935 model year. While best known for its production as a four-door sedan, the model lineage supported a wide range of body configurations, including coupes, hard tops, convertibles, station wagons, and retractable hardtops. Prior to the 1948 model year, the Ford chassis was also the basis of Ford pickup trucks (which were replaced by

12513-755: The model line proved popular among police forces during the 1990s, following the development of the PIT maneuver . While the Ford Five Hundred was never offered as a police vehicle, the Ford Police Interceptor Sedan was introduced for 2013 (developed from the Taurus; the Police Interceptor Utility was developed from the Ford Explorer). Though the first Ford police car produced without rear-wheel drive or

12642-489: The new Rouge Electric Vehicle Center, where their electric vehicles will be produced. In 2021, the vehicle center opened, and Ford's first all electric truck, the Ford F-150 Lightning , will be the first vehicle model produced there. In 1999, architect William McDonough entered into an agreement with Ford Motor Company to redesign its 85-year-old, 1,212-acre (490 ha) Rouge River facility. The roof of

12771-482: The newly introduced Mercury Monterey , only the Country Squire featured wood paneling as standard. In a wider revision for 1952, Ford introduced station wagon counterparts for each of its sedan lines; the Country Squire was the equivalent of the Crestline sedan. Slotted below the Country Squire were the four-door Country Sedan ( Customline ) and the two-door Ranch Wagon ( Mainline ). Designed by Gordon Buehrig ,

12900-466: The overhead-valve Y-block V8 replaced the Flathead V8 seen since 1932. At 130 hp, the Y-block produced twice the horsepower as the original 1932 V8. In 1955, the Ford car lineup was given a mild update over the previous year, although several features made their first appearance in this generation. Air conditioning was now available as a factory-installed option. The Lifeguard option package, introduced in 1956, featured front and rear seat belts,

13029-494: The power plant. Michigan Utility CMS Energy built a state-of-the-art Power Plant across Miller Road to replace the electricity and steam production, as well as the blast furnace waste gas consumption of the original power plant. As it ended production, Dearborn Assembly Plant was one of six plants within the Ford Rouge Center. The plant was open from 1918 to May 10, 2004, with a red convertible 2004 Ford Mustang GT being

13158-497: The previous generation, 1961 marked the first use of the long-running Windsor V8 engine family, with a 289 V8 replacing a 292 Y-block V8. The 390 FE-series V8 was introduced, marking the first big-block V8 (ranging from 352 to 427 cubic inches) in a Ford sedan. The 1960 Ford saw several nameplate shifts. Following the discontinuation of the Custom/Custom 300, the Fairlane served as the standard Ford for 1960 and 1961. As

13287-416: The production of the Model T nearly unchanged from 1908 to 1927, the introduction of the Model A marked the first of multiple generations of a common model lineage, keeping pace with contemporary technology and consumer tastes. With the introduction of its V8 engine, the 1932 Ford Model B/Model 18 became the first widely produced car line with the engine type. From the 1932 to 2012 model years, Ford offered

13416-415: The production of the final Ford Crown Victoria in 2011. For the sixth generation, the Country Squire (alongside Ford full-size Country Sedan and F-Series trucks) received a new standard engine, with a 240 cubic-inch "Big Six" inline-6 (producing 150 hp) replacing the 223 cubic-inch "Mileage Maker" six. The three V8 engines were retained from the previous generations, with a 200 hp 289 cubic-inch V8,

13545-409: The rear leaf springs were moved outboard of the frame rails and the wheels were decreased in diameter from 15 to 14 inches. For 1958, rear air suspension became an option for the first time; intended to keep the load floor at a constant height, the system saw few buyers. In line with all Ford sedans, the 1959 Country Squire adopted the 118-inch wheelbase previously exclusive to the Fairlane. For 1957,

13674-414: The removal of the lower cushion to fold flat, access was improved as one-third of the second-row seat folded separately. The 1960 Ford chassis, used by the fifth-generation Country Squire with a 119-inch wheelbase, shared with all other full-size Ford models. To improve handling, the rear leaf suspension was redesigned with longer springs, as part of anti-dive and anti-squat control . The front suspension

13803-462: The second-generation Country Squire was developed under a goal to maximize parts commonality between sedan and station wagon model lines. While gaining an inch in wheelbase, the second-generation Country Squire was reduced approximately 10 inches in length over its predecessor while adding two more doors for rear passengers. In contrast to the Country Sedan , two-tone paint was not offered for

13932-584: The standard V8, the two-barrel 332 detuned to 225 hp (the four-barrel version discontinued); the 300-hp 352 V8 remained. Alongside the 3-speed and 4-speed manual transmissions, Ford offered the 3-speed Fordomatic automatic. Coinciding with the 1958 introduction of the FE-series V8s, the 3-speed Cruise-O-Matic automatic was introduced. Designed to make better use of all three gears, Cruise-O-Matic started in first gear (Fordomatic started in second, with first gear selected by downshifting into "L"). In

14061-476: The success of Mercury, De Luxe Ford was changed from a subbrand back to a trim level within the Ford lineup. The width of the body had now increased to the point where running boards had become vestigial. For the first time since the Model K of 1906, an inline-six engine was available (as a base engine). From February 1942 to July 1945, civilian production was discontinued as Ford manufactured military products for World War II. As production resumed, Ford released

14190-500: The titanic Rouge was able to turn raw materials into running vehicles within this single complex, a prime example of vertical-integration production. Some of the River Rouge buildings were designed by architect Albert Kahn . His Rouge glass plant was regarded at the time as an exemplary and humane factory building, with ample natural light provided through windows in the ceiling. Since the late 20th century, several buildings at

14319-473: The top half of the liftgate was widened, extending into the D-pillars. For 1958, the front and rear fascias underwent a revision; while largely to accommodate quad headlamps, the taillamp design was revised (replacing two round taillamps with four oval ones) alongside the design of the wood trim. In a functional change, the liftgate mechanism was redesigned. For 1959, coinciding with the wheelbase extension,

14448-486: The upgrade, air conditioning was introduced as an option. The Lifeguard option package was introduced, offering a deep-dish steering wheel, upgraded door latches (to prevent ejection); as an option, seat belts and a padded dashboard were offered. Carried over from the previous generation, the standard engine of the third-generation Country Squire was the 223 cu in (3.7 L) " Mileage Maker " inline-6, increasing output to 120 hp (89 kW; 122 PS). For

14577-403: The wood trim below the window line. The third seat was redesigned, allowing it to fold flat (after seat cushions were removed and stowed). For the 1960 model year, in place of a yearly update, the Ford model line underwent a complete redesign. Coinciding with the introduction of the compact Falcon , full-size Fords grew in size, adopting a 119-inch wheelbase. As part of a model shift, the Galaxie

14706-479: The youth market in 1951 with a new Victoria pillarless hardtop-convertible, a direct competitor to the Chevrolet Bel Air. For 1952, Ford updated its cars with mild exterior updates; this generation is distinguished by the introduction of a single-piece windshield. The pedals were remounted from the floor to below the dashboard. Mechanically, power brakes and power steering became an option in 1954, and

14835-453: Was a 226 cubic-inch 95 hp H-series inline-6, with a 239 cubic-inch 100 hp Flathead V8. For 1950, a 3-speed manual was standard, with a 3-speed Ford-O-Matic automatic becoming an option in 1951. Following a redesign of the Ford model line for the 1952 model year, the second generation of the Country Squire was introduced, marking several major changes to the model line. While sharing much of its body (though not its wheelbase) with

14964-520: Was developed from the Courier sedan delivery with the bodywork above the cargo area removed. In 1959, the Galaxie nameplate was introduced. For 1960, the full-sized Ford chassis was lengthened by an inch to a 119-inch wheelbase. Coinciding with the redesign, a long-running precedent within Ford came to an end. Since the introduction of the Model T over a half-century before, Ford had largely produced

15093-487: Was discontinued as part of the development of the 1992 Ford Crown Victoria and passenger carrying duties were given to the Ford Windstar . The decline in full-size station wagon sales meant the Crown Victoria was exclusively a four-door sedan. The 41-year production run of the Country Squire is the third-longest of a Ford car nameplate in North America, surpassed only by the Ford Thunderbird and Ford Mustang which

15222-456: Was expanded to 302 cu in (4.9 L), producing 210 hp. The 2-bbl 390 and 428 were retuned, making 265 and 340 hp, respectively. While maintaining powertrain commonality with the Ford Galaxie, on an official basis, Ford did not offer the Country Squire with any version of the 428 V8 producing over 345 hp, nor any 427 V8. For the sixth-generation Country Squire, the 3-speed column-shifted manual made its return, along with

15351-551: Was fitted with large 5 mph bumpers (rear versions were added for 1974). While Lincoln-Mercury retained hardtop rooflines, Ford added thick B-pillars and fixed rear quarter windows to its two-door coupes. Four-door sedans and station wagons became "pillared hardtops"; while still using frameless door glass, the roofline was reinforced with thin metal B-pillars. To accommodate the growth in size, V8 engines became standard, ranging up to 7.5 L (460 cubic inches); in another change, automatic transmissions also became standard equipment. As

15480-450: Was introduced. As before, the Model A was produced in a wide variety of body styles; in contrast to its predecessor, the car's bodywork was designed by an in-house styling predecessor headed by Edsel Ford . Produced from 1927 to 1931, around 4.8 million were produced. As the Model A was the first all-new design in 19 years, many features were upgraded. The Model A introduced Ford buyers to conventional driver controls; it now had pedals for

15609-425: Was launched; although sharing a chassis with the Ford, its body was 6 inches wider with a wheelbase 4 inches longer; Mercury superseded De Luxe Ford as a brand. As buyer tastes began to change in the late 1930s, certain body styles were pruned from the lineup; 1939 was the last year for the fur-door phaeton and for single-seat coupes and convertibles (and their rumble seats). A conventional "alligator" hood replaced

15738-546: Was offered in Custom trim. To reduce noise and improve sealing, the station wagon was offered with two doors instead of four; however, three seats were used, allowing eight-passenger seating. For the 1950 model year, Ford renamed its model lines; initially, the station wagon was a Custom Deluxe with the all new "Country Squire" name introduced in early 1950. Several revisions were made for 1950 to improve functionality and capability. The second and third-row seats were redesigned, allowing their removal without tools. In another change,

15867-714: Was rebranded as the Ford XL (sportiest of the full-sized Ford line). For 1969, the full-sized Ford line was given a redesign. Expanding to a 121-inch wheelbase, the all-new chassis shared a similar suspension configuration as the previous generation. In a marketing change, Ford streamlined its full-sized line, integrating station wagons and sedan nameplates together. Alongside traditional differences between grilles and trim, Ford designers began to further distinguish each full-sized model range from each other. While Customs and Galaxies were fitted with exposed headlamps (shifted from vertically stacked to horizontal), XLs and LTDs adopted

15996-442: Was redesigned, with a 223 cu in (3.7 L) version becoming the standard engine, producing 115 hp (86 kW; 117 PS). Marketed as premium vehicles, wood-bodied station wagons were labor-intensive to assemble (and maintain). To reduce assembly and ownership costs, the Country Squire abandoned wood-paneled construction for a full-steel body. To distinguish itself from the Country Sedan, DI-NOC (vinyl transfers)

16125-461: Was relocated under the load floor, with the upper half of the tailgate opened by counterbalanced hinges. The listed retail price was US$ 2,384 ($ 27,353 in 2023 dollars ) and production numbers dropped significantly with the introduction of the all steel bodied Country Sedan and the more upscale Mercury Monterey wood-bodied station wagon, having only built 5,426. Over its production, the second generation received several minor revisions. For 1953 (marking

16254-436: Was removed). For the first time, power windows were offered as an option, at the time considered a luxury feature. For 1956, alongside all Fords, the Country Squire received a new grille, distinguished by rectangular turn signals/parking lights and wider openings. In a functional change, Ford upgraded to a 12-volt electrical system , allowing additional starting power and capability with electrical-power options. Coinciding with

16383-544: Was slotted above the Fairlane as the flagship Ford model range, with the Country Squire becoming its station wagon counterpart for 1960. For 1961, Mercury revised its model range following the discontinuation of Edsel, with the Monterey becoming a longer-wheelbase version of the Galaxie; in a change that would last until their 1991 discontinuation, the Colony Park became the more exclusive and upscale Mercury counterpart to

16512-404: Was used to simulate the mahogany paneling, accented by birch or maple. To further simulate the "woodie" look, woodgrain transfers were applied to the window frames and upper liftgate. For 1954, the wood trim was replaced by fiberglass, colored with a woodgrain finish. For the 1955 model year, the third generation of the Country Squire was introduced. Functionally an update of the second generation,

16641-420: Was wider than its predecessor, increasing from eight passenger-seating to nine for the first time. For the fourth-generation Country Squire, Ford returned to extensive annual model revisions, with only the roofline and doors shared between all three model years. For 1957 27,690 were manufactured with a listed retail price of $ 2,556 ($ 27,728 in 2023 dollars ). The 1957 Ford chassis was a split-wheelbase platform;

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