In Canada, an Indian band (French: bande indienne ), First Nation band (French: bande de la Première Nation ) or simply band , is the basic unit of government for those peoples subject to the Indian Act (i.e. status Indians or First Nations ). Bands are typically small groups of people: the largest in the country, the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation had 22,294 members in September 2005, and many have a membership below 100 people. Each First Nation is typically represented by a band council ( French : conseil de bande ) chaired by an elected chief, and sometimes also a hereditary chief . As of 2013, there were 614 bands in Canada. Membership in a band is controlled in one of two ways: for most bands, membership is obtained by becoming listed on the Indian Register maintained by the government. As of 2013, there were 253 First Nations which had their own membership criteria, so that not all status Indians are members of a band.
67-488: The Fort McKay First Nation (FMFN) is a First Nations government in northeast Alberta comprising five Indian reserves – Fort McKay 174, Fort McKay 174C, Fort McKay 174D, Namur Lake 174B and Namur River 174A. The FMFN, signed to Treaty 8 , is affiliated with the Athabasca Tribal Council and its members are of Cree , Metis and Dene heritage. The FMFN's traditional lands include portions of
134-469: A $ 440-million, 10,000-barrel-a-day Oil Sands Project. The band launched an appeal of the approval with the Alberta Court of Appeal. First Nations government Bands can be united into larger regional groupings called tribal councils . A treaty council, or treaty association, has additional meaning and historically in most provinces represents signatory bands of treaty areas. British Columbia
201-582: A chief councillor: this individual is not necessarily a hereditary chief or leader, though some are. Although the current policy of the Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) is to treat band governments as largely autonomous, under the Indian Act band council resolutions have no effect unless endorsed by the Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations . In addition to
268-572: A chiefs council may include bands that belong to one or more tribal councils and also individual bands that belong to none. For instance, the St'át'timc Chiefs Council serves as a common voice for all Stʼatʼimc and formally does not acknowledge Crown sovereignty. In other provinces, where treaties already exist, a treaty group or treaty association is composed of bands already signatory to existing treaties, such as Treaty 6 and Treaty 8 . There are also organized groups of Indian descent whose Indian status
335-548: A detailed account of the Kinisteneaux (Cree) in 1789. The Athabasca Tribal Council , represents the interests of Fort McKay First Nation, Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation , Chipewyan Prairie First Nation , Fort McMurray No. 468 First Nation and Mikisew Cree First Nation . These five First Nations of North Eastern Alberta include more than 5,000 Cree and Dene people. Treaty 8 was an agreement signed on June 21, 1899, between Queen Victoria and various First Nations of
402-652: A dozen bands. CSFS was originally a part of the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council but is now a separate organization. Its members include bands that are not members of CSTC. During treaty negotiations, such as those attempted by the BC provincial government in the form of the British Columbia Treaty Process , bands claims are coordinated and negotiated, if negotiated, by treaty councils. The composition of these may correspond to
469-600: A letter to the Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Regulatory Approvals Center regarding the Teck Resources Limited's (Teck) proposed Frontier Oil Sands Mine Project, on FMFN traditional lands, the FMFN stressed that beaver, moose and wood bison are three of the most important species of great importance to the FMFN. Other key resources indicators (KRI) to consider in assessing
536-661: A new public-land-use zone in the area on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains , west of Nordegg ." as one way among many of "diversifying Alberta's economy through tourism". The Bighorn Wildland Provincial Park is a proposed provincial park that would be situated near Rocky Mountain House . The proposed area to be set is "about the size of Rhode Island " and is the largest of four proposals for "new or expanded" parks. The proposed region, situated between Banff National Park and Jasper National Park , would provide
603-482: A not-for-profit association that manages Alberta's recycling program which includes recycling of tires, paints and electronics. Alberta Recycling Management Authority reports to the Minister of Alberta Environment. Alberta Used Oil Management Association (AUOMA) manages the "Alberta province-wide Recycling Program for Used Oil, Used Oil Filters and Plastic Oil Containers." Beverage Container Management Board (BCMB),
670-708: A not-for-profit association, was established in 1997 under the Beverage Container Recycling Regulation section of the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act. Climate Change and Emissions Management Corporation (CCEMC) established in 2009 by the Province of Alberta, is an independent organization that establishes or participates in "funding initiatives that reduce GHG emissions or improve our ability to adapt to climate change ." In April 2007, Alberta became
737-714: A politically active group with no legally recognized band government in Canada. Some of their members have federally recognized Indian tribal status (in the US) and ongoing land claims in British Columbia . In addition to tribal councils and special-purpose service organizations, bands may form larger organizations. The largest is the Assembly of First Nations , which represents the chiefs of over 600 bands throughout Canada. There are also some regional organizations. The Chief of
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#1732784053234804-512: A statement announcing that public consultations that were planned for Drayton Valley , Edmonton , Red Deer , and Sundre , would be cancelled. In "Optimizing Alberta Parks" published in March 2020, Parks Alberta announced that in 2020, about a third of the province's parks and protected and recreation areas would be closed or handed over to third parties in a cost-saving measure. In a March 5, 2020 statement entitled "Optimizing Alberta Parks",
871-555: A total of $ 4.4 million federal and $ 1.9 million provincial and $ 800,000 local taxes generated. The Alberta government committed $ 18 million to rebuild the Course and to protect it from future flood damage. In November 2018, Alberta's provincial government under Premier Rachel Notley proposed "four provincial parks, including the Bighorn Wildland Provincial Park , plus four provincial recreation areas and
938-613: A town of 7,000, led by United Conservative Party (UCP) Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (MLA) for Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre , Jason Nixon , oppose the creation of the park. Nixon has made unfounded claims that the plan is a "foreign-funded plot to wall off the back country to Albertans who call the region home". On January 5, 2018, following alleged bullying and intimidation of Bighorn Wildland Provincial Park supporters, Minister Phillips issued
1005-628: A vast and critical wildlife corridor for numerous wildlife species, including sensitive species, such as bull trout —Alberta's provincial fish, wolverine , and grizzly bears , that would extend from Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming in the south to the Yukon in Northern Canada . According to a January 7, 2019 article in The Globe and Mail , some residents of Rocky Mountain House ,
1072-618: Is Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami . The self-governing territory of Nunavut is inhabited primarily by Inuit. The status of the Métis remains unresolved but has been the subject of negotiations in the early 21st century, which has resulted in the Métis Nation Framework Agreement between various Métis organizations and Canada. These have been negotiated as recently as 2019, for instance, by the Métis Nation of Ontario ,
1139-659: Is Stephen Lougheed. Fish and Wildlife Division includes a number of departments, including Fish & Wildlife Fisheries Management. Fisheries Management alone had a budget of $ 6.4 million to be used over three years to "help restore flood-affected fisheries and aquatic habitats in southern Alberta." Alberta Fisheries Management Round Table, Alberta's Fish Conservation Strategy, Commercial fishing in Alberta, Fish management plans and Fish Management Zones and area fisheries management Fisheries Management operate under Fisheries Management. Environment and Parks works in collaboration with
1206-595: Is a "sacred region" that serves as the community's "key cultural heartland". The community originated in the Moose Lake area, which is located 64 km northwest of Fort McKay, and there are gravesites on their traditional lands there, according to a January 20, 2018 article in The Narwhal . Moose Lake is actually two lakes—Gardiner Lake and Namur Lake. Fort McKay is "surrounded on three sides by oilsands development" with mines coming as "close as four kilometres to
1273-629: Is a government research agency established in 2010 as a "Provincial Corporation operating under the authority of the Alberta Research and Innovation Act. AITF supports research and innovation activities targeting the development and growth of technology-based sectors in alignment with Government of Alberta priorities." The AITF, the Royal Alberta Museum , the University of Alberta , and the University of Calgary jointly run
1340-492: Is a junior oil sands company established in 2007 by veterans oilsands operators— BlackRock Ventures and Koch Exploration Canada , had obtained leases from Koch Oil Sands Operating. Prosper Petroleum's Rigel Oil Sands Project is a steam-assisted gravity drainage technology (SAGD) development that is located just three kilometres off the shore of Namur Lake. Prosper Petroleum started drilling evaluation wells near Moose Lake in 2013. In June 2018, Alberta's energy regulator approved
1407-512: Is an exception as treaties in most of the province have not been completed. There the treaty councils have been formed in order to negotiate future treaty claims. Another emerging type of organization in British Columbia is the chiefs' council, such as the St'át'timc Chiefs Council . These councils unite bands that are not included in tribal councils with those that are in tribal councils. Bands also typically belong to one or more kinds of provincial council or similar organization. They also belong to
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#17327840532341474-589: Is an integral part of the traditional livelihoods for many Fort McKay residents. Therefore, natural ecosystems and wildlife populations preservation is an important component to help maintain a healthy community." The FMFN expressed concerns about cumulative effects and requested that regulators implement the recommendations in the Terrestrial Ecosystem Management Framework (TEMF) in order to maintain wildlife populations (Cumulative Environmental Management Association 2008). In
1541-636: Is not recognized by Canada. These are often the descendants of bands considered by Canada to have become extinct. Such groups have no official existence but may nonetheless have some degree of political organization. The Sinixt , who are now based mostly in Washington state as part of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation , but have a small group of representatives based at Vallican , BC, are an example. They are
1608-562: The 2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Lima, Peru where conference delegates held negotiations towards a global climate agreement with the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) as the overarching goal. In line with this, Fawcett described how his key goal was to build networks with other "sub-national jurisdictions", Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia and California — to potentially work on new agreements on carbon offset — across provincial and national borders as part of
1675-708: The Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI). ESRD consults ABMI reports in regards to enforcement of environmental laws. Data and information on air, water, biodiversity and toxicology used in Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI) report was "partially funded through the Joint Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM) program, a joint federal-provincial environmental monitoring program established in 2012." The CEO
1742-527: The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) became the single regulator for energy development in Alberta taking over enforcement of environmental laws and issues including environmental and water permits for energy developments, formerly responsibilities of Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development. Prior to the establishment of the AER, an arms-length corporation, Alberta Environment and
1809-776: The Athabasca oil sands . The Cree expanded steadily westward from the Hudson-James Bay country. Although the arrival of the Cree in the Lac la Biche region, is unknown, archaeological evidence in the form of pre-contact pottery indicates that the Cree were in this region in the 1500s. The traditional land of the Fort McKay First Nation was on the historical voyageur route that linked the rich Athabaskan region to Hudson Bay. David Thompson and George Simpson used
1876-749: The Chiefs of Ontario serve as the provincial-level organization; in Saskatchewan, the provincial-level grouping is the Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations . From a constitutional point of view, not all indigenous people are First Nations people. In addition to Indians, the Constitution (section 35.2) recognizes two other indigenous groups: the Inuit and the Métis . The national Inuit organization
1943-960: The Lesser Slave Lake area. The Treaty was signed just south of present-day Grouard, Alberta . The land covered by Treaty 8, 840,000 square kilometres (84,000,000 ha) is larger than France and includes northern Alberta , northeastern British Columbia , northwestern Saskatchewan and a southernmost portion of the Northwest Territories . Adhesions to this agreement were signed that same year on July 1 at Peace River Landing , July 6 at Dunvegan , July 8 at Fort Vermilion , July 13 at Fort Chipewyan , July 17 at Smith's Landing , July 25 and 27 at Fond du Lac, August 4 at Fort McMurray , and August 14 at Wabasca Lake . Further Adhesions were in 1900 on May 13 at Fort St. John , June 8 at Lesser Slave Lake , June 23 at Fort Vermilion and July 25 at Fort Resolution . "Hunting and trapping
2010-587: The Métis Nation—Saskatchewan , and the Métis Nation of Alberta . Alberta Environment and Parks The Ministry of Environment and Protected Areas of Alberta (also commonly called Alberta Environment and Protected Areas ) is the Alberta provincial ministry of the Executive Council of Alberta responsible for environmental issues and policy as well as some, but not all, parks and protected areas in Alberta. The first Minister of
2077-503: The 1960s, including the extinction of herds roaming Alberta’s southern slopes. Sixteen herds remain in the province, totaling roughly 3,000 animals." According to the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI), an agency that monitors and reports on biodiversity status throughout the province, by 2014 all six herds of caribou, including the threatened boreal and the endangered mountain caribou , "have suffered annual rates of decline ranging from 4.6% to 15.2% from 1993 to 2012" in
Fort McKay First Nation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2144-679: The AFN is referred to as the National Chief . The AFN also has a Vice-Chief for each region. In British Columbia, the First Nations Summit represents 203 bands in the province that are engaged in treaty negotiations with Canada and British Columbia. An older organization, the Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs , represents the bands that reject the current British Columbia Treaty Process . Some bands belong to both. In Ontario,
2211-504: The Alberta Court of Appeal gave Fort MacKay First Nation leave to appeal the AER's August 6 approval of the Athabasca Oil Corporation's 250,000-barrel-per-day thermal oilsands project, Dover. The Fort MacKay First Nation's lawyer, Karen Buss, predicted that the new panel might "order the regulator to start its process over with direction to consider treaty rights issues identified by the band." Prosper Petroleum, which
2278-562: The Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development finalized and signed an agreement with Kan-Alta Golf Management Ltd., a company with alleged connections the provincial government to rebuild the Kananaskis Country Golf Course , as a result of the 2013 Alberta floods damage. The deal "resulted in over $ 5.4 million" paid to Kan-Alta Golf "to cover business losses and other expenses." During
2345-891: The Alberta Land Stewardship Act, and the Alberta Land Trust Grant Program "focuses on conserving ecologically important areas to prevent habitat fragmentation, maintain biodiversity and preserve native landscapes." The Natural Resources Conservation Board (NRCB), an arms-length agency of the Government of Alberta that reports to Alberta Environment, was established in 1991 under the Natural Resources Conservation Board Act (NRCBA). The NRBC reviews "proposed non-energy natural resource projects." Moved to Municipal Affairs in 2018. In March 2014
2412-689: The Aseniwuche Nation, the Foothills Landscape Management Forum (FLMF), and the Aboriginal Fund for Species at Risk on projects such as caribou monitoring. Dave Hervieux, Regional Resource Manager, Peace Region, is the woodland caribou management coordinator with Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development's fish and wildlife division. "Alberta Environment estimates that the province’s caribou population has declined by nearly two thirds since
2479-836: The Devonian sequence, which includes the Slave Point and Waterways Formations; and in the RSA the Devonian section includes both aquifers and aquitards; the Waterways underlies the Project in the LSA; 2) the McMurray Formation, which contains bitumen; portions of the lower McMurray are water saturated (i.e., basal water sand); where present, the basal aquifer appears to be non‐saline; there are also water‐bearing lenses of sand within
2546-560: The Dover project by requiring "a 20-kilometre no-development buffer zone on part of Brion's oil sands leases that were near the FMFN Moose Lake traditional lands. On 6 August 2013, Alberta Energy Regulator’s (AER) denied the FMFN appeal arguing that the Dover oilsands project using steam-assisted gravity drainage technology (SAGD) development would have little impact on FMNN lands. On October 18, 2013 On Friday, Justice Frans Slatter of
2613-590: The Environment Protection and Enhancement Act." When reclamation is completed partial refunds or credits may be made. Alberta's Treasurer administers the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Fund as part of the Consolidated Cash Investment Trust Fund. By March 2012 Fund total cash deposits (with interest), bonds and guarantees were $ 1,314,392,292 and by March 2013 they were $ 1,503,038,440. According to
2680-731: The Environment and Parks (then named Environment and Sustainable Resource Development) 2012-2013 report, by 31 March 2014, the only activities that had contributed only in guarantees with no cash or securities collected were those engaged in oil sands development. For example, the Fund had collected $ 11,647,586.67 in cash and $ 340,836,116 in guarantees from companies engaged in coal development activities and no cash but $ 967,585,501.63 in guarantees from companies engaged in oil sands development activities. Moved to Municipal Affairs in 2018. The Alberta Land Stewardship Fund, established in 2010 under
2747-431: The Environment was Jim Henderson , appointed by Premier Harry Strom in 1971. He was succeeded by William Yurko from 1971 to 1977. Ian Reid was the minister in 1988 and 1989 Ralph Klein was the minister from 1989 to 1992. The ministry was renamed Environment and Parks on May 24, 2015. On June 28, 2022, Whitney Issik was appointed Environment and Parks Minister, replacing Jason Nixon. On June 9, 2023, Rebecca Schulz
Fort McKay First Nation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2814-641: The Inuit ( Reference Re Eskimos 1939) as well as to Métis and non-status Indians ( Daniels v. Canada 2013), but the relations of these groups with the federal government are not governed by the terms of the Indian Act . In Canada, the elected government of a First Nations band consists of a chief and councillors. Many bands, especially in British Columbia , control multiple Indian reserves , that is, multiple parcels of land. Although bands have considerable control over their reserve land, legally neither
2881-749: The June 2013 Alberta floods, Kananaskis Country "sustained the most extensive damage in its 36-year history." and 32 of the 36 holes at the Golf Course were damaged. The Kananaskis Country Golf Course was built by the Alberta Government in 1983 as part of economic diversification using money from the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund . In 2011 the facility showed a province wide net economic impact of $ 14 million, 175 full-time equivalent jobs sustained province wide,
2948-510: The Ministry of Environment and Parks under Minister Jason Nixon , announced a cost-saving program that would have an immediate impact on a third of the province's parks and protected and recreation areas in 2020. Citing an annual expense of $ 86 million and a revenue from these spaces of only $ 36 million, Nixon said that the UCP government would "fully or partially close" "20 provincial parks" and
3015-766: The Responsible Energy Development Act." Environmental impact assessment (EIS) reports are ordered under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act. Industrial mineral projects are defined in the Mines and Minerals Act. Environment and Parks as a ministry of the Government of Alberta, consists of Alberta Recycling Management Authority , Alberta Used Oil Management Association , Beverage Container Management Board , Climate Change and Emissions Management Fund , Environmental Appeals Board , [Environmental Protection and Enhancement Fund], Land Compensation Board , [Land Stewardship Fund], Land Use Secretariat , Natural Resources Conservation Board , Surface Rights Board . The Alberta Recycling Management Authority, established in 1992,
3082-423: The Rocky Mountains, and in Alberta, between the north banks of the north Saskatchewan River to Fort Chipewyan. This includes the Beaver, Athabaska and Peace River basins. It is noted in the department of Indian Affairs Annual Reports that Pee-ay-sis of the Lac La Biche band as far north as Great Slave Lake." Alexander Mackenzie who travelled from Montreal to the Arctic Ocean via the Methy Portage (see map) provided
3149-426: The administrative convenience of Canada, or by consensual alliances between such groups, some pre-dating the Indian Act . The functioning of a band is controlled by the Indian Act , the legislation that defines the position of status Indians . The band government is controlled by a chief councillor and council. The number of councillors is determined by the number of band members, with a minimum of two in addition to
3216-430: The band itself nor its members hold aboriginal land title . Rather, the land is held in trust for the band by the Crown . The term band is historically related to the anthropological term band society , but as a legal and administrative unit the band need not correspond to a band in this sense. Some bands draw their members from two or more ethnic groups due to the disruption of traditional ways by colonization and/or
3283-417: The band. Non-status Indians , Métis , and Inuit are not part of the system of band governments and reserves. This is one of the major differences between their legal and social situation in relation to the federal government and that of First Nations governed by band councils. The courts have ruled that constitutional reference to "Indians" ( section 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1867 ) does apply to
3350-502: The chief and council system mandated by the Indian Act , some bands have a traditional system of government that retains considerable influence. In some cases the two systems have come to an accommodation, such as the Office of the Hereditary Chiefs of the Wet'suwet'en . In other cases the two are in conflict. Two or more bands may unite to form a tribal council . Tribal councils have no independent status; they draw their powers entirely from their member bands. What powers are delegated to
3417-402: The chief councillor. The Indian Act specifies procedures for the election of the chief councillor and council. Some bands make use of a policy provision (called 'custom election', which allows them to exempt themselves from these requirements in order to follow traditional procedures for the choice of leaders. This is a matter of controversy. Proponents argue that it allows First Nations to adapt
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#17327840532343484-434: The community." Moose Lake is the only remaining place that still has clean air and water that is "good enough to drink right from the lake". Grand Chief Mel Grandjamb of the Fort McKay First Nation said that, "We send hunting camps out there every year. We supply cabins to all our elders who want to go out there." The local Métis community also uses Moose Lake for their "traditional activities". The band began to negotiate with
3551-534: The effects on wildlife of oil sands development in their territory, include Black Bear, Fisher, Canada Lynx, Northern Goshawk, Yellow Rail, Short‐eared Owl, Common Nighthawk, Olive‐sided Flycatcher, Canada Warbler, Rusty Blackbird, Waterfowl and Western Toad. The "Frontier Mine is a major surface mining project, with a total Project footprint of 24,140 ha and with a 50‐year operational life extending from approximately 2020 to 2070 including final closure and reclamation. Closure activities are proposed to be coordinated with
3618-418: The externally defined system to their traditions. Sometimes this means that 'hereditary' leaders become the chief councillor. Opponents argue that custom systems are frequently not traditional and that, traditional or not, they are unfair and undemocratic and have the effect of preserving the power of corrupt cliques. In many cases they exclude women and also exclude hereditary leaders. The term "Chief" refers to
3685-639: The first jurisdiction in North America to pass climate-change legislation requiring large emitters to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions . The Climate Change and Emissions Management Corporation (CCEMC) was created in 2009 to be a key part of Alberta’s climate change strategy and movement toward a stronger and more diverse lower-carbon economy. CCEMC is aligned with and builds on Alberta's 2008 Climate Change Strategy and Carbon Capture and Storage Development Council, and "seeks to complement decisions made on large carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects." In December 2014 Environment Minister Kyle Fawcett attended
3752-407: The fur-trade route via the Beaver River from the main Methye Portage route that reached the Athabasca River . The Cree , one of the "largest tribes in Canada" were referred to by the early explorers and fur traders as Kristineaux , Kinisteneaux , Kiliston , Kree , Cris and various other names such as Nahathaway . Cree territory extended west from the Hudson-James Bay region to the foot of
3819-436: The local tribal council, such as the Ktunaxa Kinbasket Tribal Council vs the Ktunaxa Kinbasket Treaty Council. But in that particular case American tribal governments belong to the former tribal council but not to the treaty council. Others, such as the Maa-nulth Treaty Association or the Temexw Treaty Group , span different tribal councils and individual bands, covering more than one ethnic group. Another organization called
3886-406: The nearby Shell Pierre River Mine (PRM) project located immediately south." FMFN expressed concern about the degradation of the McMurray Basal Water Sands Aquifer (BWS) , through high-volume use through the mining process. "The hydrogeologic sequence is typical of the mineable area west of the Athabasca River and is comprised of the following units from oldest to youngest: 1) the eroded top of
3953-529: The now-defunct Energy Resources Conservation Board conducted investigations separately, but, with the creation of a single regulatory body for energy developments, the Alberta Energy Regulator now conducts investigations and inspections to ensure compliance with all regulatory, environmental, and safety requirements. Environment and Parks played a significant role in the development of Alberta Innovates-Technology Futures (AITF) which brings together academics, governments and industry to foster innovation. The AITF
4020-585: The oil sands region (OSR) as oil and gas production booms in northern Alberta. As these herds in the oil-sands region are "genetically distinct" from other boreal caribou populations, the ABMI report concludes that, "It is therefore unlikely that populations in the (region) will gain new members from caribou populations in other parts of the province." In a Wall Street Journal article Dawson observed that, "The report comes amid controversy over Alberta's recent sales of oil and gas development leases in areas populated by both boreal and mountain caribou." On 16 July 2014
4087-465: The ore body (Middle McMurray); 3) the Clearwater Formation; (aquitard); composed of shale and siltstone; in places the Wabiskaw D sand of the lower Clearwater also contains bitumen; 4) Quaternary sediments including undifferentiated glacial deposits and buried channels and glacial surficial deposits (contains aquifers and aquitards); and 5) Post‐glacial (Recent or Holocene) fluvial fan deposits containing permeable saturated sand (aquifer)." Moose Lake
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#17327840532344154-454: The pan-Canadian Assembly of First Nations (formerly called the Native Indian Brotherhood), chaired by a leader elected by the bands, each chief having one vote, rather than at-large by individual band members. Bands are, to an extent, the governing body for their Indian reserves . Many First Nations also have large off-reserve populations whom the band government also represents; it may also deal with non-members who live on reserve or work for
4221-530: The province of Alberta in the late 1990s to protect the lake and in 2014, then premier Jim Prentice had endorsed plan to protect the lake. The band had almost come to an agreement with the previous Alberta government in 2018 to create a "10-kilometre buffer". The Dover oil sands SAGD project (Moose Lake) project, operated by Brion Energy, is a joint venture between Calgary-based Athabasca Oil Corporation, with Dover holding 40 per cent, and Chinese oil giant PetroChina , which owns 60 per cent." The FMFN had delayed
4288-524: The province's climate change framework. The Environmental Protection Security Fund operates under the Environment Protection and Enhancement Act. The Environmental Protection Security Fund collects for activities such as "coal and oil sands, mining operations, landfills, hazardous waste, recyclable projects, quarry activities, waste management facilities, sand and gravel operations and metal production plants", and holds security deposits to "assure satisfactory land reclamation will be carried out according to
4355-401: The tribal council and which services are provided centrally by the tribal council varies according to the wishes of the member bands. In addition to tribal councils, bands may create joint organizations for particular purposes, such as providing social services or health care. For example, in the central interior of British Columbia, Carrier Sekani Family Services provides social services for
4422-427: Was "planning to hand over 164 others to third-party managers". The statement also mentioned that the government might potentially sell Crown land. Concerns were raised and Nixon said, "We are not selling any Crown or public land — period", according to a March 5 Calgary Herald interview. The government listed a 65-hectare plot of land east of Taber in a March 31 auction with a starting bid of $ 440,000, according to
4489-570: Was sworn in as Minister of Environment and Protected Areas. "The purpose of this Act is to provide for an impartial process to review projects that will or may affect the natural resources of Alberta in order to determine whether, in the Board’s opinion, projects are in the public interest, having regard to the social and economic effects of the projects and the effect of the projects on the environment." Natural resource refers to "the subsurface, land surface, water, fauna and flora resources of Alberta, but does not include an energy resource as defined in
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