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85-747: Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in North Central Kansas , on the Kansas River , also known as the Kaw, between Junction City and Manhattan . The Fort Riley Military Reservation covers 101,733 acres (41,170 ha) in Geary and Riley counties. The Fort consists of six functional areas, including the Main Post, Camp Funston , Marshall Army Airfield (MAAF), Camp Whitside , Camp Forsyth, and Custer Hill. The portion of

170-449: A bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 20.5% of the population. 23.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 112.8 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that

255-436: A few ANG-operated bases, such as Selfridge ANGB , Michigan. Support facilities on Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve installations tend to not be as extensive as active bases (i.e., they usually do not have on-base lodging (though Kingsley Field ANGB , Oregon, is an exception), clinics (except for drill days), or retail stores (although some have small convenience stores)). In Russian usage "military base" or "naval base"

340-627: A means of solving the labor shortage caused by American men serving in the war effort. Large internment camps were established in Kansas: Camp Concordia , Camp Funston (at Fort Riley ), Camp Phillips (at Salina under Fort Riley ). Fort Riley established 12 smaller branch camps, including Council Grove. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.01 square miles (5.21 km ), of which, 1.99 square miles (5.15 km )

425-782: A post office and dining facilities ( restaurants ). They may also provide support facilities such as fast food restaurants, gas stations, chapels, schools , banks , thrift stores , a hospital or clinic (dental or health clinics, as well as veterinarian clinics), lodging , movie theaters, and, in some countries, retail stores (usually a supermarket such as Commissary and a Department Store , such as AAFES ). On American military installations, Family, Morale, Welfare and Recreation (FMWR) provides facilities such as fitness centers, libraries, golf courses, travel centers, community service centers, campgrounds, child development centers, youth centers, automotive workshops, hobby/arts and crafts centers, bowling centers, and community centers. Bases used by

510-810: A presidential visit by Franklin Roosevelt on Easter Sunday 1943. The 9th Armored Division was organized here in July 1942, and after its deployment, Camp Funston was used as a German prisoner of war camp. Fort Riley had branch POW camps, a large branch Camp Phillips in Salina , and 12 smaller branch camps in Kansas and Missouri: Council Grove , El Dorado , Eskridge , Hutchinson , Lawrence , Neodesha , Ottawa , Peabody , Wadsworth , Grand Pass , Lexington , and Liberty . The arrival of victory in Europe and Japan during

595-516: A provisional basic combat training brigade was organized at Fort Riley, and in February 1966, the 9th Infantry Division was reactivated and followed the 1st Infantry Division into combat. Fort Riley's use as a divisional post was maintained with the arrival of the 24th Infantry Division. The division remained in Germany until September 1968, when it redeployed two brigades to Fort Riley as part of

680-650: A skeletal complement at the fort while the remainder of the troops were sent to Forts Hays, Wallace , and Dodge in western Kansas. With the approach of winter, these troops returned to Riley. Regiments serving here during this time included the 5th, 6th, and 9th Cavalry and the 16th Infantry Regiment. The lessening of hostilities with the Indian tribes of the Great Plains resulted in the closing of many frontier forts. Riley escaped this fate when Lt. Gen. Philip Sheridan recommended in his 1884 annual report to Congress to make

765-632: Is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km ) is water. The city is fifty-five miles southwest of Topeka . The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Council Grove has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The 2020 United States census counted 2,140 people, 912 households, and 528 families in Council Grove. The population density

850-507: Is not limited to denoting a specific fence described facility and usually encompasses a broad territory within which a number of discrete facilities may be located. As examples, 1) the Russian Sevastopol Naval Base comprises individual facilities located within the city of Sevastopol proper (waterfront moorings, weapons stores, a headquarters compound, and a naval infantry base) as well as an airfield at Kacha north of

935-453: Is served by Morris County USD 417 public school district. Council Grove High School is a high school located at 129 Hockaday St., Council Grove. Students from the surrounding areas travel to Council Grove to attend high school. Council Grove Middle School includes grades 6 through 8 and is located at 706 E Main St. Council Grove Elementary School includes kindergarten through the 5th grade and

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1020-537: The 2020 census , the population of the city was 2,140. It was named after an agreement between American settlers and the Osage Nation allowing settlers' wagon trains to pass westward through the area on the Santa Fe Trail . Pioneers gathered at a grove of trees so that wagons could band together for their trip west. Council Grove was a stop on the Santa Fe Trail . The first European-American settler

1105-857: The 24th Infantry Division (Mech.) consists of an active component headquarters at Fort Riley and three enhanced Separate Brigades: the 30th Heavy Separate Brigade at Clinton, North Carolina, the 218th Heavy Separate Brigade at Columbia, South Carolina, and the 48th Separate Infantry Brigade in Macon, Georgia. These units underwent eight-year training cycles, culminating in a rotation at the National Training Center. They also backfill active duty units for Major Theater War contingencies and supply units for Stabilization Force rotations in Bosnia. On June 1, 2006, Fort Riley began training Military Transition Teams , or MiTTs. These 10-15 man teams from across

1190-619: The Council Grove, Kansas , region. However, the overall involvement of Fort Riley in the Civil War was relatively limited. The conclusion of the Civil War in 1865 saw Fort Riley again assume an important role in providing protection to railroad lines being built across Kansas. The summer and fall of 1866 witnessed the mustering in of the 7th Cavalry Regiment at Riley and the arrival of the Union Pacific Railroad at

1275-747: The REFORGER (Return of Forces to Germany) program. One brigade was maintained in Germany. Following nearly five years of combat in Vietnam, the 1st Infantry Division returned to Fort Riley in April 1970 and assumed the NATO commitment. The division's 3rd Brigade was stationed in West Germany. During the 1970s and the 1980s, 1st Infantry Division soldiers were periodically deployed on REFORGER exercises. Reserve Officer Training Corps summer camps were also held at

1360-566: The United States Air Force Reserve tend to be active USAF bases. However, there are a few Air Reserve Bases , such as Dobbins ARB , Georgia, and Grissom ARB , Indiana, both of which are former active-duty USAF bases. Facilities of the Air National Guard are often located on civil airports in a secure cantonment area not accessible to the general public, though some units are based on USAF bases, and

1445-883: The navies and air forces of the world are the HMNB Portsmouth in Portsmouth, UK, the Naval Air Station Whidbey Island , Washington State, US, or Ramstein Air Base , Germany (the last two are each designated as a Main Operating Base ). Other examples of non- or semi-permanent military bases include a Forward Operating Base (FOB), a Logistics Base (Log base) and a Fire Base (FB). A military base may also contain large concentrations of military supplies in order to support military logistics . Most military bases are restricted to

1530-418: The police , constabulary , militia , or national guards . Alternatively, the term may refer solely to an establishment which is used only by an army (or possibly other land fighting related forces, such as marines ) to the exclusion of a base used by either an air force or a navy . This is consistent with the different meanings of the word ' military '. Some examples of permanent military bases used by

1615-491: The (Specialist Teams Royal Engineers (STRE)) were formed to plan and execute Works projects worldwide. Some British and Commonwealth naval bases are traditionally named, commissioned, and administered as though they were naval ships. For this reason they are sometimes called stone frigates . Council Grove, Kansas Council Grove is a city and county seat in Morris County , Kansas , United States. As of

1700-659: The 1840s through the 1860s barracks were constructed under supervision of the Royal Engineers in: The Cardwell Reforms (1872) ushered in another period of intensive Barrack building at Aldershot , Portsmouth , Plymouth , London , Woking , Woolwich , Dublin , Belfast , Malta , Gibraltar and the Cape of Good Hope . In 1959 the Corps' Work Services was transferred to the civilian War Department Works Organization (later renamed Property Services Agency (PSA)) and by 1965

1785-481: The 1920s and 1930s, Marshall Army Airfield's primary role was to support aircraft engaged in observation and photography during tactical exercises at Fort Riley, as well as to host aerial demonstrations, with no known aircraft training activities occurring during this period. Increasing conflict in Europe and Asia during the late 1930s caused some military planners to prepare for possible U. S. involvement. This led to several important developments at Fort Riley. The first

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1870-660: The 1st Infantry Division returned to Fort Riley, and the 24th Infantry Division was inactivated. In October 2006, the 1st Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, assumed command and control of the Military Transition Team training mission. The entire division took the lead on this mission for the military. The mission was moved from Fort Riley to Fort Polk, LA, in the summer of 2009. Fort Riley offers educational services for service members and their dependents, including early childhood education, schools, and higher education. Military base Military bases within

1955-589: The 4th Artillery Battery. Instruction was of a purely practical nature, and regular classes were not conducted. Critiques were delivered during or following the exercise. This short-lived school closed in March 1871 as the War Department imposed economic measures, which included cutting a private's monthly pay from $ 12 to $ 9. During the next decade, various regiments of the infantry and cavalry were garrisoned at Riley. The spring and summer months usually witnessed

2040-503: The 89th, sailed for France in the spring of 1918. The 10th Division also received training at Funston, but the armistice came before the unit was sent overseas. The camp was commanded by Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood . A Military Officers Training Camp was established in the Camp Whitside area to train doctors and other medical personnel. The Spanish flu pandemic has been hypothesized to have begun at Fort Riley in early March 1918, with

2125-470: The 9th Cavalry passed through here en route to permanent stations in the southwest. They returned during the early 1880s and the early part of the 20th century before being permanently assigned as troop cadre for the Cavalry School during the 1920s and 1930s. The 10th Cavalry was stationed here in 1868 and 1913. On the eve of World War II, the 9th and 10th Cavalry joined the 2nd Cavalry Division, which

2210-475: The Army for one year—in part—for returning to Fort Riley to see his wife without permission. As the line of settlement extended westward each spring, the fort lost some of its importance. Larger concentrations of troops were stationed at Fort Larned and Fort Hays , where they spent the summer months on patrol and wintered in garrison. Between 1869 and 1871, a school of light artillery was conducted at Fort Riley by

2295-431: The Army, Navy, and Air Force train at Fort Riley's Camp Funston for 60 days. The focus of the transition team training was to prepare teams to train, mentor, and advise Iraqi and Afghan security forces. Training is based on core competencies—combat skills, force protection, team support processes, technical and tactical training, adviser skills, counter-insurgency operations, and understanding the culture. On August 1, 2006,

2380-736: The Big Red One began arriving in July 1955, and over the next four years the remaining units arrived, the last being the 2nd Battle Group, 8th Infantry, in December 1959. The initial units occupied barracks located in Camp Funston, until new barracks were built on Custer Hill. Ultimately, the 1st Battle Group, 5th Infantry, would be stationed at Funston, with the other units of the division divided between Custer Hill, Forsythe, and Main Post. The influx of troops and dependents placed new demands on

2465-518: The Big Red One remained at the post, along with the 3rd Brigade, 1st Armored Division, and the 937th Engineer Group. Fort Riley once again became a Division Headquarters on June 5, 1999, with the reactivation of the 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized). The 24th Infantry Division (Mech.) is the headquarters for three enhanced Separate Brigades (eSBs) of the Army National Guard. Under the integrated Active Component/Reserve Component concept,

2550-937: The Cuban Missile Crisis the following year witnessed heightened alert for soldiers stationed at Fort Riley. An additional 50,000 acres (20,000 ha) were also acquired in 1966, which enabled the Army to have an adequate training area for the division's two brigades. Consistent with President Kennedy's August 1961 directive to augment the U.S. Berlin Brigade, in 1962–1963 1st Infantry Division rotated four Infantry Battle Group Task Forces (reinforced by Big Red One Artillery and Transportation units) from Fort Riley to West Germany, from where they motor marched through communist East Germany to surround West Berlin. 1st Division units involved were 2nd Battle Group, 12th Infantry; 1st Battle Group, 13th Infantry; 1st Battle Group, 28th Infantry; & 2nd Battle Group, 26th Infantry. 2/12th

2635-531: The French and Italian Cavalry Schools. Horse shows, hunts, and polo matches – long popular events on Army post – were a natural outgrowth of cavalry training. The 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments — the famed " Buffalo Soldiers ," so called by the indigenous peoples for the similarity to the short, curly-haired buffalo that roamed the plains — have been stationed at Fort Riley several times during their history. Shortly after their formation in 1866,

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2720-525: The North and South in 1861 disrupted garrison life. Regular units returned east to participate in the Civil War, while militia units from Kansas and other states used Riley as a base from which to launch campaigns to show the flag and offer a degree of protection to trading caravans using the Santa Fe Trail. In the early stages of the war, the fort was used to house Confederate prisoners. In early 1862,

2805-492: The United States are considered federal property and are subject to federal law . Civilians (such as family members of military officers ) living on military bases are generally subject to the civil and criminal laws of the states where the bases are located. Military bases can range from small outposts to military cities containing up to 100,000 people. A military base may belong to a different nation or state than

2890-694: The Vietnam War. In the fall of that year, Fort Riley was notified to begin mobilization of troops and equipment for deployment to the Persian Gulf. Between November 1990 and January 1991, soldiers and equipment were deployed overseas. In addition to the 1st Infantry Division, 27 non-divisional units were deployed, and twenty-four reserve components were mobilized. This amounted to 15,180 soldiers being sent overseas via 115 aircraft. Over 2,000 rail cars transported 3,000 short tons of equipment, which were then shipped to theater on 18 vessels. Once in theater,

2975-549: The age of 18 and 5.5% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,182 people, 991 households, and 565 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,096.5 inhabitants per square mile (423.4/km ). There were 1,107 housing units at an average density of 556.3 per square mile (214.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 95.8% White , 0.4% African American , 0.2% Native American , 0.2% Asian , 1.9% from other races , and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.0% of

3060-460: The arrival in October of the 2nd Dragoons. As the fort began to take shape, an issue soon to dominate the national scene was debated during the brief territorial legislative session that met at Pawnee in the present area of Camp Whitside, named for Colonel Warren Whitside . The first territorial legislature met there in July 1855. Slavery was a fact of life and an issue within the garrison just as it

3145-403: The average family size was 2.90. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males. The median income for a household in the city

3230-424: The base for the 16th Observation Squadron. Built primarily as a refueling station for cross-country flights, the airfield featured metal hangars, underground fuel storage tanks, and lighting for night operations. Following the completion of the facility in 1923, the airfield was renamed Marshall Army Airfield in honor of Brigadier General Francis C. Marshall , who was killed in a plane crash the year before. Throughout

3315-612: The case of Albert Gitchell, an army cook at Camp Funston. By midday on the same day Gitchell reported sick, 107 soldiers were feeling ill, and days later, 522 men had reported sick. The disease had already been observed 200 miles (320 km) away in Haskell County as early as January 1918, prompting local doctor Loring Miner to warn the editors of the U.S. Public Health Service 's academic journal Public Health Reports . Several men from Haskell County who had been exposed to influenza then reported to Camp Funston several days before

3400-401: The city. The population density was 1,293.2 inhabitants per square mile (499.3/km ). There were 1,099 housing units at an average density of 612.3 per square mile (236.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 98.23% White , 0.26% African American , 0.22% Native American , 0.22% Asian , 0.47% from other races , and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.11% of

3485-581: The city; 2) the Leningrad Naval Base comprises all naval facilities in the greater St. Petersburg area including training schools, commissioning institutes, the naval academy, and the Kronshtadt base on Kotlin island. An overseas military base is a military base that is geographically located outside of the territory of the country whose armed forces are the principal occupants of the base. Such bases may be established by treaties between

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3570-632: The command of Captain Robert H. Chilton , 1st U.S. Dragoons , selected the junction of the Republican and Smoky Hill Rivers as a site for one of these forts. This location, approved by the War Department in January 1853, offered an advantageous location from which to organize, train, and equip troops to protect the overland trails. The site was named Camp Center because surveyors believed it

3655-538: The depot to which all recruits for such service shall be sent; and for the purpose of construction of such quarters, barracks and stables as may be required to carry into effect the purposes of this act", which would become the United States Army Cavalry School . That appropriation was the beginning of a series of improvements that amount practically to the rebuilding of the post, including a large cavalry riding hall. In 1889, Summerall Hall

3740-416: The district in which Fort Riley was located, were especially active in behalf of the appropriation. The result of the combined efforts of the friends of the post was that in 1887 an appropriation of $ 200,000 was made by Congress for the purpose of establishing "a permanent school of instruction for drill and practice for the cavalry and light artillery service of the army of the United States, and which shall be

3825-697: The effectiveness of mechanical doctrine. Initial experiments in directing artillery fire from an aircraft were undertaken at Fort Riley in 1912, with participants including H. H. Arnold , who later became a significant figure in the United States Army Air Forces. In 1921, the Smoky Hill Flats portion of the fort was designated as the location for a new airfield, initially referred to as Fort Riley Flying Field. The new airfield commenced operations in August of that year and served as

3910-513: The fall of 1902, with subsequent ones held in 1903, 1904, 1906–1908, and 1911. These exercises gave added importance to the fort as a training facility and provided reserve units a valuable opportunity for sharpening their tactical skills. Army horsemen and the training they received at the United States Army Cavalry School made them among the finest mounted soldiers in the world, and the school's reputation ranked with

3995-582: The fort "Cavalry Headquarters of the Army". General P. H. Sheridan , who was appointed general-in-chief of the United States army in 1883, recommended the enlargement of the post, and in 1886 the Kansas legislature adopted a resolution requesting the senators and representatives in Congress from that state to use their power and influence to secure an appropriation to carry out the ideas of the commanding general. Senators Preston B. Plumb and John J. Ingalls and Representative John A. Anderson , who represented

4080-563: The fort served as a temporary detention facility for 133 Confederate prisoners from Texas, who had been captured during a significant military campaign in New Mexico. The prisoners remained at Fort Riley for approximately one month before being transferred to Fort Leavenworth. During their stay, seven individuals died due to illness or injuries sustained in battle and were interred in the vicinity. In May 1863, Fort Riley again held Confederate prisoners, this time those captured following raids in

4165-512: The fort that contains housing development is part of the Fort Riley census-designated place , with a residential population of 9,230 as of the 2020 census . The ZIP Code is 66442. 1st Infantry Division Garrison Partners: Inactivated: The early history of Fort Riley is closely tied to the movement of people and trade along the Oregon and Santa Fe trails . These routes, a result of

4250-469: The fort's infrastructure. Work began on Custer Hill, where new quarters, barracks, and work areas were constructed. A new hospital, named in honor of Major General B. J. D. Irwin, was constructed to provide medical care. In the decade following, 1st Infantry Division units trained to respond to any threat that might arise in Europe or other parts of the world. Construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 and

4335-417: The fort, which permitted troops to demonstrate and teach their skills to aspiring second lieutenants. The fort also hosted the model U.S. Army Correctional Brigade, housed in Camp Funston, and the 3rd ROTC Region Headquarters until their inactivation in 1992. In August 1990, Iraq invaded its neighbor, Kuwait. The resulting international outcry led to the largest U.S. troop build-up and deployment overseas since

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4420-672: The fort. In December, Brevet Major General George A. Custer arrived to take charge of the new regiment. Soldiers from the Kansas Volunteer regiments, "Jenison's Jayhawks," that were wounded in the Battle of Westport were brought to Fort Riley for recovery. The following spring, Custer and the 7th left Fort Riley to participate in a campaign on the high plains of western Kansas and eastern Colorado. The campaign proved inconclusive but resulted in Custer's court martial and suspension from

4505-414: The governing power in the host country and another country which needs to establish the military base in the host country for various reasons, usually strategic and logistic. Furthermore, overseas military bases often serve as the source of the military brat subculture due to the children of the bases' occupant military being born or raised in the host country but raised with a remote parental knowledge of

4590-421: The median household income was $ 49,519 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 7,824) and the median family income was $ 64,722 (+/- $ 5,171). Males had a median income of $ 30,238 (+/- $ 8,095) versus $ 27,649 (+/- $ 1,905) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 27,799 (+/- $ 2,339). Approximately, 5.0% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.9% of those under

4675-538: The next few years, recruits from all over the United States came to Fort Riley and received basic training. During the conflict, units from the Ohio National Guard also stationed the 37th Infantry Division at the fort. While they were not sent overseas, their presence was a continuing reinforcement of the fort's importance as a training post. The uneasy truce that settled on the Korean peninsula after 1953

4760-795: The occupant military's home country. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Royal Engineers were largely responsible for erecting military bases in the British Isles and the British Empire. In 1792 the Chief Engineer was instructed to prepare the Barrack Construction estimates for Parliament and at the same time the Department of the Barrackmaster-General was established. During the period from

4845-541: The outbreak began. Following the war, the War Department directed service schools be created for all arms of service. As a result, in 1919, the Mounted Service School, as it was known since 1907 and which had ceased to function during the war, was re-designated as the United States Army Cavalry School. The change was sudden and abrupt. The new school met the need for courses both broader in scope and more general in character. The cavalry unit at Camp Funston

4930-408: The population. There were 1,002 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and

5015-437: The population. There were 991 households, of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.0% were non-families. 39.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

5100-547: The public and motorized boats, most of the land around the City Lake is leased to the owners of over three hundred lake houses. Building is restricted on the larger Council Grove Reservoir but there are many well-positioned camp sites. Excellent fishing is found on these lakes as well. Walleye, crappie, white bass, and many more fish are in both the Council Grove Reservoir and the City Lake. The community

5185-421: The public and usually only authorized personnel may enter them (be it military personnel or their relatives and authorized civilian personnel). In addition to the main military facilities on a certain installation, military bases usually (but not always) have various different facilities for military personnel. These facilities vary from country to country. Military bases can provide housing for military personnel,

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5270-716: The right direction. General Custer of the United States Army slept here with his troops during the American Civil War , under a large tree known now as the Custer Elm. The National Old Trails Road , also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, was established in 1912, and was routed through Herington , Delavan , Council Grove. In 1943, German and Italian prisoners of World War II were brought to Kansas and other Midwest states as

5355-455: The soldiers and equipment were prepared for combat. This commenced in late February 1991, and over the course of the "hundred hours" combat of Operation Desert Storm, these soldiers carried out their orders and executed their missions that resulted in the crushing of Saddam Hussein's Republican Guards. Later that spring, the soldiers returned to Fort Riley. Following Operation Desert Storm, the 1st Infantry Division returned to Fort Riley. However,

5440-622: The spring and summer of 1945 were joyous occasions, but they also spelled new realities and directions for the Army and Fort Riley. In the aftermath of World War II, the fort experienced a period of transition. The Cavalry School ceased operation in November 1946, and the last tactical horse unit inactivated the following March. Replacing the Cavalry School was the Ground General School, which trained newly commissioned officers in basic military subjects. An officer's candidate course

5525-434: The spring of 1855 to provide additional quarters and stables for the Dragoons. Ogden again marshaled resources and arrived from Leavenworth in July with 50 6-mule teams loaded with materials, craftsmen, and laborers. Work had progressed for several weeks when cholera broke out among the workers. The epidemic lasted only a few days but claimed 70 lives, including Ogden's. Work gradually resumed, and buildings were prepared for

5610-433: The standard frontier post configuration: buildings were constructed of the most readily available material — in this case, native limestone. In the spring, troops were dispatched to escort mail trains and protect travel routes across the plains. At the fort, additional buildings were constructed under the supervision of Capt. Edmund Ogden. Anticipating greater utilization of the post, Congress authorized appropriations in

5695-548: The tank and machine gun – raised questions in the interwar years over the future of cavalry. By the late 1920s, the Army's War Department had directed the development of a tank force. This was followed by activation of the 7th Cavalry Brigade (Mechanized) at Fort Knox , Kentucky, in the fall of 1936 to make up the 2nd Regiment of this brigade. In October 1938, the 7th Cavalry Brigade (Mech.) marched from Fort Knox to Fort Riley and participated in large-scale combine maneuvers of horse and mechanized units. These exercises helped prove

5780-462: The territory surrounding it. The name used generally refers to the type of military activity that takes place at the base, as well as the traditional nomenclature used by a branch of service. A military base may go by any of a number of names, such as the following: Depending on the context, the term "military base" may refer to any establishment (usually permanent) that houses a nation's armed forces , or even organized paramilitary forces such as

5865-407: The then-popular United States doctrine of " manifest destiny " in the middle of the 19th century, prompted increased American military presence for the protection of American interests in this largely unsettled territory. In the 1850s, the United States established several military posts at strategic points to safeguard these emigration and commerce routes. In the fall of 1852, a surveying party under

5950-412: The winds of change were once again blowing across the Army, affecting the post. With the crumbling of the Iron Curtain, new realities in Eastern Europe were replacing the Cold War of the past four decades. Budget cuts and revised strategic thinking resulted in troop cutbacks. In the spring of 1995, the headquarters of the 1st Infantry Division were transferred from Fort Riley to Germany. The 1st Brigade of

6035-406: Was Seth M. Hays , who came to the area in 1847 to trade with the Kaw tribe , which had a reservation established in the area in 1846. Hays was a great-grandson of Daniel Boone . The Main street in Council Grove is the old Santa Fe Trail. The Rawlinson-Terwilliger Home, 803 West Main Street, is the oldest stone home on the Santa Fe Trail and houses the Trail Days Cafe & Museum. A post office

6120-540: Was $ 28,949, and the median income for a family was $ 37,061. Males had a median income of $ 29,500 versus $ 20,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,189. About 7.4% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over. Presently, both the Council Grove Reservoir and the City Lake are popular for recreational activities. While both lakes are open to

6205-500: Was 1,002.3 per square mile (387.0/km ). There were 1,050 housing units at an average density of 491.8 per square mile (189.9/km ). The racial makeup was 90.89% (1,945) white or European American (88.18% non-Hispanic white ), 0.23% (5) black or African-American , 0.33% (7) Native American or Alaska Native , 0.23% (5) Asian , 0.05% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 2.15% (46) from other races , and 6.12% (131) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race

6290-434: Was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.85. The median age in the city was 45.9 years. 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 24.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.8% male and 53.2% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,321 people, 1,002 households, and 634 families residing in

6375-423: Was 7.1% (152) of the population. Of the 912 households, 29.6% had children under the age of 18; 43.3% were married couples living together; 31.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 36.6% of households consisted of individuals and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1. The percent of those with

6460-428: Was briefly stationed at Fort Riley. America's entry into World War I resulted in many changes at Fort Riley. Facilities were greatly expanded, and a cantonment named Camp Funston was built 5 miles (8 km) east of the permanent post during the summer and fall of 1917. This training site was one of 16 across the country and could accommodate from 30,000 to 50,000 men. The first division to train at Camp Funston,

6545-571: Was conducted along with training officers and enlisted men in intelligence techniques and methods. The 10th Mountain Division was activated July 1, 1948, at Fort Riley, Kansas. The 16-week basic military program conducted by this division prepared soldiers for infantry combat and duty with other infantry units. The invasion of South Korea by North Korean forces in June 1950 once again brought attention to Fort Riley as an important training facility. Over

6630-433: Was constructed as the second permanent hospital at Fort Riley and was later converted into the garrison command headquarters following the hospital's relocation. It was renamed in 1956 in honor of General Charles P. Summerall , who commanded the 1st Infantry Division during the late 1910s to early 1920s. Fort Riley was also used by state militia units for encampments and training exercises. The first such maneuver occurred in

6715-729: Was established in Council Grove on February 26, 1855. In 1858, the town was officially incorporated by the legislature. Hays also opened a restaurant in 1857, the Hays House, which is said to be the oldest continuously operating restaurant west of the Mississippi River . The town has 15 sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places . One is the Post Office Oak. Travelers left their mail in this designated tree to be picked up by others going in

6800-764: Was in Berlin during the Cuban Missile Crisis. 1/28th greeted President Kennedy on 26 June 1963, the day of his memorable "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech. Increased guerrilla insurgency in South Vietnam during the mid-1960s, led to the deployment of the 1st Infantry Division to Southeast Asia. The leading element, the 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry, left in July 1965, with the Division Headquarters arriving in South Vietnam in September. During this same year,

6885-419: Was in the rest of the country. The seeds of sectional discord were emerging that would lead to " Bleeding Kansas " and, eventually, Civil War. Increased tension and bloodshed between pro- and anti-slavery settlers led to the Army's use to "police" the troubled territory. They also continued to guard and patrol the Santa Fe Trail in 1859 and 1860 due to increased Indian threats. The outbreak of hostilities between

6970-491: Was indicative of a cold war that had come to characterize relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. This would affect Fort Riley. In 1955, the fort's utilization changed from training and educational center to that of being the home base for a major infantry division. In that year, the 10th Division rotated to Germany as part of Operation Gyroscope and was replaced by the 1st Infantry Division. Elements of

7055-509: Was near the center of the United States. In late spring, three companies of the 6th Infantry occupied the camp and began construction of temporary quarters. On June 27, 1853, Camp Center became Fort Riley — named in honor of Major General Bennet C. Riley , who had led the first military escort along the Santa Fe Trail in 1829. The "fort" took shape around a broad plain that overlooked the Kansas River valley. The fort's design followed

7140-455: Was the 2nd cavalry regiment, which provided the training and cavalry tactics to new cavalry officers. The Cavalry School Hunt was officially organized in 1921 and provided a colorful spectacle on Sunday mornings. These activities gave rise to the perception of a special quality of life at Fort Riley that came to be known as the "Life of Riley." The technological advances demonstrated on the battlefields of Europe and World War I – most notable

7225-627: Was the rebuilding of Camp Funston and the stationing of the 2nd Cavalry Division there in December 1940. Barracks were built in the area known as Republican Flats and renamed Camp Forsyth. In addition, 32,000 acres (13,000 ha) were added to the post for training purposes. These efforts were brought into sharp focus with America's entry into World War II. Over the next four years, approximately 125,000 soldiers were trained at these facilities. Notable trainees included heavyweight boxing champion, Joe Louis , Indy car driver Walt Faulkner , and motion picture stars such as Mickey Rooney . The post also received

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