117-571: Konstantinos Gender Male Name day May 21 Origin Word/name Greek Meaning Constant, Steadfast Other names Nickname(s) Kostas, Kostis , Kosta, Ntinos, Dinos, Tinos, Kon, Costas , Costis, Costa, Con, Gus, Gussie, Gust, Dino, Dean (US) Derived Constantinus Related names Constantinus , Constantine Konstantinos or Constantinos (Κωνσταντίνος, Konstantínos )
234-631: A Jewish Christian sect with Hellenistic influence of Second Temple Judaism . An early Jewish Christian community was founded in Jerusalem under the leadership of the Pillars of the Church , namely James the Just , the brother of Jesus, Peter , and John. Jewish Christianity soon attracted Gentile God-fearers, posing a problem for its Jewish religious outlook , which insisted on close observance of
351-403: A birthday ( день рождения / den rozhdeniya ) is still именинник / imeninnik (feminine: именинница / imeninnitsa ), literally "a person whose name day is being celebrated"). In Slovakia name days ( Slovak : meniny ) are widely celebrated. Name days are more often celebrated than birthdays in workplaces, presumably because it is simpler to know the date since most calendars contain
468-472: A continuation of names in the family line. According to the Greek Orthodox Church , every day of the year is dedicated to the memory of at least one (usually more than one) saint or martyr . If someone is named after a saint, then there is a big celebration on his or her name day. In Greece and Cyprus, many names derive from pagan Greek antiquity, and there may not be a Christian saint of
585-542: A few scriptures overlapping with the developing orthodox canon, most Gnostic texts and Gnostic gospels were eventually considered heretical and suppressed by mainstream Christians. A gradual splitting off of Gentile Christianity left Jewish Christians continuing to follow the Law of Moses , including practices such as circumcision. By the fifth century, they and the Jewish–Christian gospels would be largely suppressed by
702-517: A flower name celebrate their name day on Palm Sunday ( Floriile in Romanian, which roughly translates as "the Flowers Day"). This name day varies: it is celebrated each year on the last Sunday before Orthodox Easter. Russians celebrate name days ( Russian : именины , romanized : imeniny ) separately from birthdays. Some calendars note name days, but usually one must refer to
819-640: A given year. The custom originated with the Christian calendar of saints : believers named after a saint would celebrate that saint's feast day. Within Christianity, name days have greater resonance in areas where the Christian denominations of Catholicism , Lutheranism and Orthodoxy predominate. In some countries, however, name-day celebrations do not have a connection to explicitly Christian traditions. The celebration of name days has been
936-468: A list of name days, which can also be found in the header of daily newspapers. Celebrations in elementary schools are different from those within the family, as the celebrant gives candies to their classmates. Within the family, birthday-like celebrations are often held with cakes, presents and flowers. Flowers are sometimes sold out for popular name-days. In the past, the law did not allow parents to choose any name for their child. That has changed, although it
1053-523: A small scale by both Jewish and Roman authorities , with Roman action starting at the time of the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD. Examples of early executions under Jewish authority reported in the New Testament include the deaths of Saint Stephen and James, son of Zebedee . The Decian persecution was the first empire-wide conflict, when the edict of Decius in 250 AD required everyone in
1170-638: A special name-day calendar. Celebrations range from the gifting of cards and flowers to full-blown celebrations similar to birthday parties. Such a celebration begins with attendance at the divine services marking that day (in the Russian tradition, the All-Night Vigil and Divine Liturgy ), and usually with a festive party thereafter. Before the October Revolution of 1917, Russians regarded name days as important as, or more important than,
1287-448: A temporary amusement park; it could last few days and is called sagra , even if the term is broadly used also for non-Catholic-related town festivals. In Latvia , name days ( Latvian : vārda dienas ) are settled on certain dates ; each day (except for 29 February in a leap year ) is a name day. Usually, Latvian calendars list up to five names each day—around 1,000 names a year. Recently an extended calendar with around 5,000 names
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#17327766901921404-574: A tradition in Catholic and Eastern Orthodox countries since the Middle Ages , and has also continued in some measure in countries, such as the Scandinavian countries, whose Protestant established church retains certain Catholic traditions. The name days originate in the list of holidays celebrated in commemoration of saints and martyrs of the church. For example, the name Karl or Carl
1521-1990: Is a Greek male given name . Konstantinos (born 1972), occultist Konstantinos "Kosta" Barbarouses (born 1990), New Zealand footballer Konstantinos Chalkias (born 1974), Greek footballer Konstadinos Gatsioudis (born 1973), Greek athlete Konstantinos Gavras (born 1933), Greek-French filmmaker Konstantinos Kanaris (1790–1877), Greek admiral and statesman, former Prime Minister of Greece Konstantinos Karamanlis (1907–1998), former Prime Minister and President of Greece Konstantinos Kenteris (born 1973), Greek athlete (sprinter) and Olympic gold medalist Konstantinos Koukodimos (born 1969), former Greek athlete and politician Konstantinos Logothetopoulos (1878–1961), former Prime Minister of Greece Kostas Mitroglou (born 1988), Greek footballer Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1918–2017), former Prime Minister of Greece Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos (1815–1891), Greek historian Konstantinos Papathanassiou , German engineer Konstantinos Psachos (1869–1949), Greek scholar and musicologist Konstantinos Simitis (born 1936), former Prime Minister of Greece Konstantinos Stephanopoulos (1926–2016), former President of Greece Konstantinos Tsaldaris (1884–1970), Greek politician Konstantinos Tsatsos (1899–1987), former President of Greece Konstantinos Tsiklitiras (1888–1913), Greek athlete and Olympic gold medalist Konstadinos Zalagitis (born 1980), Greek athlete (triple jump) See also [ edit ] Konstantin Konstantine Constantin Constantine (name) Costas References [ edit ] ^ MFnames.com - Origin and Meaning of Constantinus ^ MFnames.com - Origin and Meaning of Constantin [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share
1638-430: Is a day corresponding to a date in the Catholic calendar when the respective saint's day is celebrated. Even though the celebration of the name day is less usual than celebrating a birthday, the name day is more often the occasion of congratulations from a broader number of acquaintances. This is due to the fact that the date of birth is seldom known and the person's name is known to many. The names that are celebrated on
1755-525: Is also used by Presbyterians , Methodists , and Congregationalists . This particular creed was developed between the 2nd and 9th centuries. Its central doctrines are those of the Trinity and God the Creator . Each of the doctrines found in this creed can be traced to statements current in the apostolic period . The creed was apparently used as a summary of Christian doctrine for baptismal candidates in
1872-556: Is celebrated in Sweden on 28 January, the anniversary of the death of Charlemagne (Charles Magnus , i.e., "the great"). The church promoted the celebration of name days (or rather saints' feast days ) over birthdays , as the latter was seen as a pagan tradition. Where name days occur, official lists contain the current assignations of names to days . There are different lists for Finnish , Swedish , Sámi , and other countries that celebrate name days, though some names are celebrated on
1989-525: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Name day In Christianity , a name day is a tradition in many countries of Europe and the Americas, as well as Christian communities elsewhere. It consists of celebrating a day of the year that is associated with one's baptismal name , which is normatively that of a biblical character or other saint. Where they are popular, individuals celebrate both their name day and their birthday in
2106-582: Is popularly believed to be an especially rainy week, and this is to some extent supported by statistics, as late July and early August are the rainiest times of the year in Finland. The Almanac Office reviews the name lists at intervals of 5 to 10 years, adding new names as they gain popularity and removing others that have faded into disuse. The University of Helsinki owns the copyright to the name lists and their corresponding dates. The Finnish Orthodox Church has its own calendar of name days, corresponding to
2223-577: Is practically unknown in Denmark, and few Danes know when their name day is. Finns celebrate their name days ( Finnish : nimipäivä , Swedish : namnsdag ) according to their given names on the dates set by the calendar published by the University of Helsinki Almanac Office (Finnish: Almanakkatoimisto ). Every day except New Year's Day , Christmas Day and 29 February is a name day. For each day, there are names in both Finnish and Swedish;
2340-430: Is recorded in the canonical gospels, although infancy gospels were popular in antiquity. In comparison, his adulthood, especially the week before his death, is well documented in the gospels contained within the New Testament , because that part of his life is believed to be most important. The biblical accounts of Jesus's ministry include: his baptism , miracles , preaching, teaching, and deeds. Christians consider
2457-752: Is seated at the right hand of the Father, and will ultimately return to fulfill the rest of the Messianic prophecy , including the resurrection of the dead , the Last Judgment , and the final establishment of the Kingdom of God . According to the canonical gospels of Matthew and Luke , Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born from the Virgin Mary . Little of Jesus's childhood
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#17327766901922574-423: Is similar to celebrating a birthday, although it may vary depending on the period of time between one's birthday and name day; usually, one will eat cake with household members and receive presents. Some families may even celebrate their name days more than their birthdays if the name day falls on a date during a much nicer season. For example: they are more likely to organise a big party for a name day that falls in
2691-493: Is still common to choose a name from the name-day list in the calendar. The original list was the Roman Catholic calendar of saints , but changes have been made to reflect the present-day usage of names. Name days ( Slovene : god ) were widely celebrated and preferred over birthday celebrations, until after World War II and the advent of Communism . In rural areas as well as among certain strata of town people
2808-567: Is still common to choose the name from the name-day "calendar". The original list was the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, but changes have been made to reflect the present-day usage of names. Any existing name, Czech or foreign, can be given, but not domestic or diminutive forms. Name days corresponding to some of the most frequently occurring names in the Czech Republic gain slightly more importance than others. For example,
2925-425: Is the most celebrated (19 December). Traditionally, name-day celebrations ( Polish : imieniny ) have enjoyed a celebratory emphasis greater than that of birthday celebrations in parts of Poland. However, birthday celebrations are increasingly popular and important, particularly among the younger generations. Imieniny involve the gathering and socializing of friends and family at the celebrant's home, as well as
3042-556: The Sanctorale , a cycle found in the General Roman Calendar giving almost each day a few saints, so different names may celebrated on the same day. Traditionally, parents fix the name day of their child at christening , according to the favourite saint in case of different ones (on different days) with the same name, and the child will carry it all along throughout their life. In the case of multiple given names,
3159-521: The Bible and sacred traditions on which Christianity is based. Concise doctrinal statements or confessions of religious beliefs are known as creeds . They began as baptismal formulae and were later expanded during the Christological controversies of the 4th and 5th centuries to become statements of faith. " Jesus is Lord " is the earliest creed of Christianity and continues to be used, as with
3276-660: The Carolingian Renaissance of the 9th century. In the 7th century, Muslims conquered Syria (including Jerusalem ), North Africa, and Spain, converting some of the Christian population to Islam , including some of the Christian populations in pre-Islamic Arabia , and placing the rest under a separate legal status . Part of the Muslims' success was due to the exhaustion of the Byzantine Empire in its decades long conflict with Persia . Beginning in
3393-629: The Catholic St. Valentine's Day). Two of the most popular name days in Bulgaria are St. George's day ( Гергьовден , celebrated on 6 May) and St. John's day (Ивановден, celebrated on 7 January). Another example of a name day connected with Christianity is Tsvetnitsa ( Цветница , Palm Sunday ). On this day people with names derived from flowers, trees, herbs, etc., celebrate. Name days are frequently connected with some year or season features like Dimitrovden (Dimitar's day, 26 October) marking
3510-627: The Celtic , the Baltic and some Slavic peoples . Around 500, Christianity was thoroughly integrated into Byzantine and Kingdom of Italy culture and Benedict of Nursia set out his Monastic Rule , establishing a system of regulations for the foundation and running of monasteries . Monasticism became a powerful force throughout Europe, and gave rise to many early centers of learning, most famously in Ireland , Scotland , and Gaul , contributing to
3627-633: The Church of the East (600,000). Smaller church communities number in the thousands despite efforts toward unity ( ecumenism ). In the West , Christianity remains the dominant religion even with a decline in adherence , with about 70% of that population identifying as Christian. Christianity is growing in Africa and Asia, the world's most populous continents. Christians remain greatly persecuted in many regions of
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3744-520: The Edict of Worms condemned and excommunicated Luther and his followers, resulting in the schism of the Western Christendom into several branches. Other reformers like Zwingli , Oecolampadius , Calvin , Knox , and Arminius further criticized Catholic teaching and worship. These challenges developed into the movement called Protestantism , which repudiated the primacy of the pope ,
3861-684: The Inquisition , were established with the aim of suppressing heresy and securing religious and doctrinal unity within Christianity through conversion and prosecution. The 15th-century Renaissance brought about a renewed interest in ancient and classical learning. During the Reformation , Martin Luther posted the Ninety-five Theses 1517 against the sale of indulgences . Printed copies soon spread throughout Europe. In 1521
3978-569: The Julian calendar . Each month there are several name days which are celebrated by the people with the same name. Some of the name-days that are more significant to the history and culture are non-working days for the whole country. At these days everyone is invited or would like to say " Кој дојде – Добредојде " ("Whoever comes—is welcomed") in Macedonian. Bringing presents is optional (usually wine or something symbolic). A typical phrase to salute
4095-768: The Magisterial Reformation as corrupted. Their activity brought about the Radical Reformation , which gave birth to various Anabaptist denominations. Partly in response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church engaged in a substantial process of reform and renewal, known as the Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reform. The Council of Trent clarified and reasserted Catholic doctrine. During
4212-482: The Old Testament . The Christian concept of messiah differs significantly from the contemporary Jewish concept . The core Christian belief is that through belief in and acceptance of the death and resurrection of Jesus , sinful humans can be reconciled to God, and thereby are offered salvation and the promise of eternal life . While there have been many theological disputes over the nature of Jesus over
4329-753: The Oriental Orthodox , taught Christ "to be acknowledged in two natures, inconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably": one divine and one human, and that both natures, while perfect in themselves, are nevertheless also perfectly united into one person . The Athanasian Creed , received in the Western Church as having the same status as the Nicene and Chalcedonian, says: "We worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity; neither confounding
4446-978: The Restoration Movement , such as the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) , the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada , and the Churches of Christ . The central tenet of Christianity is the belief in Jesus as the Son of God and the Messiah (Christ). Christians believe that Jesus, as the Messiah, was anointed by God as savior of humanity and hold that Jesus's coming was the fulfillment of messianic prophecies of
4563-910: The Roman Empire by the Edict of Milan (313), later convening the Council of Nicaea (325) where Early Christianity was consolidated into what would become the state religion of the Roman Empire (380). The Church of the East and Oriental Orthodoxy both split over differences in Christology (5th century), while the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church separated in the East–West Schism (1054). Protestantism split into numerous denominations from
4680-718: The State church of the Roman Empire . As soon as it became connected to the state, Christianity grew wealthy; the Church solicited donations from the rich and could now own land. Constantine was also instrumental in the convocation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325, which sought to address Arianism and formulated the Nicene Creed, which is still used by in Catholicism , Eastern Orthodoxy , Lutheranism , Anglicanism , and many other Protestant churches. Nicaea
4797-544: The World Council of Churches . The Apostles' Creed is the most widely accepted statement of the articles of Christian faith. It is used by a number of Christian denominations for both liturgical and catechetical purposes, most visibly by liturgical churches of Western Christian tradition, including the Latin Church of the Catholic Church , Lutheranism , Anglicanism , and Western Rite Orthodoxy . It
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4914-916: The dechristianization of France during the French Revolution , the Spanish Civil War , and certain Marxist movements, especially the Russian Revolution and the persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union under state atheism . Especially pressing in Europe was the formation of nation states after the Napoleonic era . In all European countries, different Christian denominations found themselves in competition to greater or lesser extents with each other and with
5031-498: The state religion in Armenia in the early 4th century AD, making Armenia the first officially Christian state. It was not an entirely new religion in Armenia, having penetrated into the country from at least the third century, but it may have been present even earlier. Constantine I was exposed to Christianity in his youth, and throughout his life his support for the religion grew, culminating in baptism on his deathbed. During his reign, state-sanctioned persecution of Christians
5148-451: The world population . Its adherents, known as Christians , are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories . Christianity remains culturally diverse in its Western and Eastern branches , and doctrinally diverse concerning justification and the nature of salvation , ecclesiology , ordination , and Christology . The creeds of various Christian denominations generally hold in common Jesus as
5265-409: The 18th century onwards, names used by the royal family were introduced to the Swedish list of name days, followed by other common names. In 1901 a comprehensive modernisation was made to make the list up to date with current names. The monopoly on almanacs, held by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , expired in 1972 and so did the official name-day list. Competing name-day lists began to emerge, but
5382-506: The 1901 or older lists, it is now universally used in Sweden. Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, professing that Jesus Christ was raised from the dead and is the Son of God , whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament . It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with over 2.4 billion followers, comprising around 31.2% of
5499-510: The 1950s, the tradition has mostly disappeared even in Catholic families. In Greece and Cyprus , a name day ( Greek : ονομαστική εορτή , romanized : onomastikí eortí , or [γιορτή] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |translit= ( help ) ) is celebrated in a similar way to a birthday , except for expected differences (e.g. no birthday cake ). It has been a strong Greek tradition since antiquity for newborn children to be named after one of their grandparents. This results in
5616-399: The 1st century , after the death of Jesus, as a Judaic sect with Hellenistic influence in the Roman province of Judaea . The disciples of Jesus spread their faith around the Eastern Mediterranean area, despite significant persecution . The inclusion of Gentiles led Christianity to slowly separate from Judaism (2nd century). Emperor Constantine I decriminalized Christianity in
5733-415: The 6th century AD. These new universities expanded the curriculum to include academic programs for clerics, lawyers, civil servants, and physicians. The university is generally regarded as an institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. Accompanying the rise of the "new towns" throughout Europe, mendicant orders were founded, bringing the consecrated religious life out of
5850-501: The 8th century, with the rise of Carolingian leaders, the Papacy sought greater political support in the Frankish Kingdom . The Middle Ages brought about major changes within the church. Pope Gregory the Great dramatically reformed the ecclesiastical structure and administration. In the early 8th century, iconoclasm became a divisive issue, when it was sponsored by the Byzantine emperors. The Second Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (787) finally pronounced in favor of icons. In
5967-415: The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I for aid against Turkish expansion. The Crusades ultimately failed to stifle Islamic aggression and even contributed to Christian enmity with the sacking of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade . The Christian Church experienced internal conflict between the 7th and 13th centuries that resulted in a schism between the Latin Church of Western Christianity branch,
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#17327766901926084-657: The Catholic Church in the Reformation era (16th century). Following the Age of Discovery (15th–17th century), Christianity expanded throughout the world via missionary work , evangelism , immigration and extensive trade. Christianity played a prominent role in the development of Western civilization , particularly in Europe from late antiquity and the Middle Ages . The six major branches of Christianity are Roman Catholicism (1.3 billion people), Protestantism (625 million-900 million), Eastern Orthodoxy (230 million), Oriental Orthodoxy (60 million), Restorationism (35 million), and
6201-406: The Dormition or on the Presentation of Mary, mother of Jesus . The traditional format of a name-day celebration is an open house: once a family or person has chosen to celebrate with invited guests (at home, at a restaurant, a bar or a club) if at all (e.g. following a recent bereavement), all well-wishers may be welcomed. Children celebrate their birthdays and name days equally festively, but as
6318-468: The Jewish commandments. Paul the Apostle solved this by insisting that salvation by faith in Christ , and participation in his death and resurrection by their baptism, sufficed. At first he persecuted the early Christians, but after a conversion experience he preached to the gentiles , and is regarded as having had a formative effect on the emerging Christian identity as separate from Judaism. Eventually, his departure from Jewish customs would result in
6435-413: The Netherlands and Frisia . Ultimately, these differences led to the outbreak of conflicts in which religion played a key factor. The Thirty Years' War , the English Civil War , and the French Wars of Religion are prominent examples. These events intensified the Christian debate on persecution and toleration . In the revival of neoplatonism Renaissance humanists did not reject Christianity; quite
6552-452: The Persons nor dividing the Substance ". Most Christians ( Catholic , Eastern Orthodox , Oriental Orthodox , and Protestant alike) accept the use of creeds and subscribe to at least one of the creeds mentioned above. Certain Evangelical Protestants , though not all of them, reject creeds as definitive statements of faith, even while agreeing with some or all of the substance of the creeds. Also rejecting creeds are groups with roots in
6669-421: The Republic of Ireland, and Switzerland, all countries with competing denominations. Competition is found in Germany, the Netherlands, and again Switzerland, all countries with minority Catholic populations, which to a greater or lesser extent identified with the nation. Finally, separation between religion (again, specifically Catholicism) and the state is found to a great degree in France and Italy, countries where
6786-498: The Roman Empire (except Jews) to perform a sacrifice to the Roman gods. The Diocletianic Persecution beginning in 303 AD was also particularly severe. Roman persecution ended in 313 AD with the Edict of Milan . While Proto-orthodox Christianity was becoming dominant, heterodox sects also existed at the same time, which held radically different beliefs. Gnostic Christianity developed a duotheistic doctrine based on illusion and enlightenment rather than forgiveness of sin. With only
6903-446: The Son of God —the Logos incarnated —who ministered , suffered , and died on a cross , but rose from the dead for the salvation of humankind; and referred to as the gospel , meaning the "good news". The four canonical gospels of Matthew , Mark , Luke and John describe Jesus's life and teachings as preserved in the early Christian tradition, with the Old Testament as the gospels' respected background. Christianity began in
7020-414: The West , the papacy became a political player, first visible in Pope Leo 's diplomatic dealings with Huns and Vandals . The church also entered into a long period of missionary activity and expansion among the various tribes. While Arianists instituted the death penalty for practicing pagans (see the Massacre of Verden , for example), Catholicism also spread among the Hungarians , the Germanic ,
7137-417: The West during this period was enormous and of long-lasting significance. The later rise of Islam in North Africa reduced the size and numbers of Christian congregations, leaving in large numbers only the Coptic Church in Egypt, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in the Horn of Africa and the Nubian Church in the Sudan (Nobatia, Makuria and Alodia). With the decline and fall of the Roman Empire in
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#17327766901927254-737: The beginning of winter and Gergyovden (George's day, 6 May) heralding the end of it according to traditional folklore. Name days in Bulgaria are important and widely celebrated. Children celebrate their name days by bringing sweets and chocolates to school. By an ancient Bulgarian tradition, everybody is welcome on name days; there is no need to invite guests. Presents are given. Common well-wishes include "May you hear your name from grandchildren and great-grandchildren!" ( Да чуеш името си от внуци и правнуци! ), "May you hear your name only with good!" ( Да ти се чува името само за добро! ) and "May your name be healthy and well!" ( Да ти е живо и здраво името! ). In Croatia , name day ( Croatian : imendan )
7371-493: The celebrant is "Let your name last forever" (" Нека ти е вечно името ", " Neka ti e vecno imeto ") or "For years to come" (" За многу години " / " Za mnogu godini "). Among the most celebrated name-days in North Macedonia are St. Stefan (9 January), Epiphany (19 January), St. John (20 January), Blagovec (7 April), St. George (6 May), Ss. Cyril and Methodius (24 May), St. Kostadin and Elena (3 June), St. Peter (12 July), St. Paul (12 July), and St. Dimitar (8 November). Sv Nikola
7488-408: The celebration of Tatiana's name day, and Leo Tolstoy 's War and Peace , Book I, where both the mother and the youngest daughter of the Rostov family (referred to as Natalya and Natasha, respectively) celebrate their name day. Although the name day ( Russian : именины , romanized : imeniny ) celebration is not as popular as a birthday celebration, the Russian word for a person having
7605-451: The celebration of birthdays, based on the rationale that one's baptism is the event by which people become "born anew" in Christ. The Russian Imperial family followed a tradition of giving name-day gifts, such as a diamond or a pearl. References to name days in Russian literature and theatre include the entire first act of Anton Chekhov 's Three Sisters , where Irina celebrates her name day, Alexander Pushkin 's Eugene Onegin with
7722-430: The celebration on the night before, with a decade of the Rosary to ask the Virgin Mary and the child's patron for his or her needs. In Italy , one's name day is referred to as their " Onomastico [ it ] " ( Greek : όνομα , romanized : onoma , lit. 'name'). People often receive small gifts on their Onomastico ; cakes are also baked. Name days are determined according to
7839-408: The celebrations are best merged. It is also common to shift a name day celebration to a more convenient day, e.g. to the following Friday or to a weekend. Name days can be celebrated up to 40 days after the nominal date. Name days in Hungary are very popular, although not quite as much as a person's actual birth date. A woman is typically given flowers on her name day by acquaintances, including in
7956-504: The certain saint's day are all the names that correspond to the respective name and all the derivative names. For example, if there are different versions of the same name in different languages (e.g. John ), i.e. different versions in Slavic , Romance , Germanic or other language groups, all the respective names are celebrated. In the Czech Republic, each day of the year corresponds to a personal name (or several names). People celebrate their name day ( svátek or dated jmeniny ) on
8073-406: The child will celebrate only one, usually the first. In South Italy, the onomastico is given a much higher relevance, and sometimes it is considered more important than the birthday itself. Many parishes used to celebrate the name-day of their patron saint with Mass celebrations, religious processions and also charity festivals. Such a festival can involve a community canteen, food stands or
8190-458: The church calendar, on the date listed there (so in a leap year such a person can choose from 2 to 4 dates when to celebrate). The Latvian name-days calendar is updated at one or two-year intervals; anyone can suggest a name for the calendar, usually by sending an application to the State Language Centre ( Valsts valodas centrs ). Celebrations are very much like birthday celebrations. It is popular to celebrate name days in one's workplace—usually,
8307-414: The churches of Rome. Its points include: The Nicene Creed was formulated, largely in response to Arianism , at the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople in 325 and 381 respectively, and ratified as the universal creed of Christendom by the First Council of Ephesus in 431. The Chalcedonian Definition , or Creed of Chalcedon, developed at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, though rejected by
8424-701: The contrary, many of the greatest works of the Renaissance were devoted to it, and the Catholic Church patronized many works of Renaissance art . Much, if not most, of the new art was commissioned by or in dedication to the Church. Some scholars and historians attribute Christianity to having contributed to the rise of the Scientific Revolution . Many well-known historical figures who influenced Western science considered themselves Christian such as Nicolaus Copernicus , Galileo Galilei , Johannes Kepler , Isaac Newton and Robert Boyle . In
8541-536: The custom of celebrating name days lasted longer. Nowadays, while the tradition has not been obliterated, name days are celebrated mostly among older people. Until recently, name days in Spain ( Spanish : onomásticos or día de mi/su santo ) were widely celebrated. Onomásticos are not limited to saints but also include the celebration days of the different representations of the Virgin Mary . For example,
8658-401: The date corresponding to their own given name. Name days are commonly of less importance than birthdays to Czech people. However, name-day celebrations can be, and often are, held together with friends or co-workers of the same name and in this way can grow in size and importance. In the past, by law, parents were not allowed to choose just any name for a child. This has changed, although it
8775-405: The dates associated with the names Josef (Joseph) and Karel (Charles) are commonly known even by people with different names. However, the popularity of these names has decreased in the last years (6836 Josefs were born in 1947, but only 638 in 2014 ). Danes have their own calendar [ da ] for name days ( Danish : navnedag ). However, the custom of celebrating one's name day
8892-508: The decisions, and the two principal churches remain in schism to the present day. However, the Catholic Church has achieved union with various smaller eastern churches . In the thirteenth century, a new emphasis on Jesus' suffering, exemplified by the Franciscans' preaching, had the consequence of turning worshippers' attention towards Jews, on whom Christians had placed the blame for Jesus' death . Christianity's limited tolerance of Jews
9009-559: The devout their saint day can be more important and significant than their own birthday. Name-days ( Macedonian : Именден , Imenden ) in North Macedonia have been celebrated throughout the history of this country. It has some similarities with the other Balkan countries but there are some name days unique to the country. The name days are scheduled according to the Macedonian Orthodox Church following
9126-711: The division caused by the Reformation led to outbreaks of religious violence and the establishment of separate state churches in Europe. Lutheranism spread into the northern, central, and eastern parts of present-day Germany, Livonia , and Scandinavia. Anglicanism was established in England in 1534. Calvinism and its varieties, such as Presbyterianism , were introduced in Scotland, the Netherlands, Hungary, Switzerland, and France. Arminianism gained followers in
9243-543: The dominant sects in both Judaism and Christianity. Christianity spread to Aramaic -speaking peoples along the Mediterranean coast and also to the inland parts of the Roman Empire and beyond that into the Parthian Empire and the later Sasanian Empire , including Mesopotamia , which was dominated at different times and to varying extents by these empires. The presence of Christianity in Africa began in
9360-400: The earliest centuries of Christian history, generally, Christians believe that Jesus is God incarnate and " true God and true man " (or both fully divine and fully human). Jesus, having become fully human , suffered the pains and temptations of a mortal man, but did not sin . As fully God, he rose to life again. According to the New Testament , he rose from the dead, ascended to heaven,
9477-584: The early 10th century, Western Christian monasticism was further rejuvenated through the leadership of the great Benedictine monastery of Cluny . In the West, from the 11th century onward, some older cathedral schools became universities (see, for example, University of Oxford , University of Paris and University of Bologna ). Previously, higher education had been the domain of Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools ( Scholae monasticae ), led by monks and nuns . Evidence of such schools dates back to
9594-525: The era known as the Great Divergence , when in the West, the Age of Enlightenment and the scientific revolution brought about great societal changes, Christianity was confronted with various forms of skepticism and with certain modern political ideologies , such as versions of socialism and liberalism . Events ranged from mere anti-clericalism to violent outbursts against Christianity, such as
9711-723: The establishment of Christianity as an independent religion. This formative period was followed by the early bishops , whom Christians consider the successors of Christ's apostles . From the year 150, Christian teachers began to produce theological and apologetic works aimed at defending the faith. These authors are known as the Church Fathers , and the study of them is called patristics . Notable early Fathers include Ignatius of Antioch , Polycarp , Justin Martyr , Irenaeus , Tertullian , Clement of Alexandria and Origen . Persecution of Christians occurred intermittently and on
9828-614: The feasts of Orthodox saints . In France name days ( French : fête du prénom ) have long been very important in everyday culture and it was traditional to give a small gift to a friend or family member on their name day. Some days of the year are commonly referred to by their saint's day: "la [ sc. fête de] Saint Sylvestre " is New Year's Eve ; "la Saint Jean " is Midsummer (24 June); and so on. In Germany name days ( German : Namenstag ) used to be widely popular in traditionally Catholic southern and western regions, where historically they were more important than birthdays. Since
9945-524: The following centuries, competition between Catholicism and Protestantism became deeply entangled with political struggles among European states. Meanwhile, the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492 brought about a new wave of missionary activity. Partly from missionary zeal, but under the impetus of colonial expansion by the European powers, Christianity spread to the Americas, Oceania, East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Throughout Europe,
10062-640: The giving of gifts and flowers at home and elsewhere, such as at the workplace. Local calendars often contain the names celebrated on a given day. Name days ( onomastica ) in Romania are associated with the Orthodox Christian saint's celebrations. The celebrations are made very much in the same way as in Greece (see above). Name days are almost as important as birthdays, and those who have the name of that particular saint celebrate on that day. Some of
10179-782: The last century have been significant, since 1900, Christianity has spread rapidly in the Global South and Third World countries. The late 20th century has shown the shift of Christian adherence to the Third World and the Southern Hemisphere in general, with the West no longer the chief standard bearer of Christianity. Approximately 7 to 10% of Arabs are Christians , most prevalent in Egypt, Syria and Lebanon . While Christians worldwide share basic convictions, there are differences of interpretations and opinions of
10296-663: The middle of the 1st century in Egypt and by the end of the 2nd century in the region around Carthage . Mark the Evangelist is claimed to have started the Church of Alexandria in about 43 AD; various later churches claim this as their own legacy, including the Coptic Orthodox Church . Important Africans who influenced the early development of Christianity include Tertullian , Clement of Alexandria , Origen of Alexandria , Cyprian , Athanasius , and Augustine of Hippo . King Tiridates III made Christianity
10413-695: The monastery and into the new urban setting. The two principal mendicant movements were the Franciscans and the Dominicans , founded by Francis of Assisi and Dominic , respectively. Both orders made significant contributions to the development of the great universities of Europe. Another new order was the Cistercians , whose large, isolated monasteries spearheaded the settlement of former wilderness areas. In this period, church building and ecclesiastical architecture reached new heights, culminating in
10530-735: The more important name days are 1 January: Sf. Vasile (St. Basil), 7 January: Sf. Ioan (St. John), 23 April: Sf. Gheorghe (St. George), 21 May: Sf. Constantin şi Elena (St. Constantine and Helen), 29 June: Sf. Petru şi Pavel (St. Peter and Paul), 20 July: Sf. Ilie (St. Elias), 15 August and 8 September: Sf. Maria (St. Mary), 9 September: Sf. Ana (St. Ann), 14 October: Sf. Parascheva (St. Paraskeva), 26 October: Sf. Dumitru (St. Demetrios), 8 November: Sf. Mihail şi Gavril (St. Michael and Gabriel), 25 November: Sf. Ecaterina (St. Catherine), 30 November: Sf. Andrei (St. Andrew), 6 December: Sf. Nicolae (St. Nicholas), 27 December: Sf. Stefan (St. Stephen). Persons (especially women) who have no saint name or who only have
10647-465: The name day of a woman named Carmen would be 16 July, day of Our Lady of Mount Carmel . Currently, onomásticos are still remembered in more traditional families, but are not generally celebrated with festive parties and presents as they were in the past. To celebrate name days, practising Catholics typically attend mass and have some intimate family celebration. In Spain, children often take sweets or cake to school to share with their classmates. From
10764-400: The name day on daily newspapers by the date and on Hungarian websites. Some highly popular names have several name days; in that case, the person chooses on which day they wish to celebrate, though traditionally the one closest to their birthday is celebrated. The list of the name days is, as usual in name day celebrating cultures, based on the traditional Catholic saints' feasts, but the link of
10881-473: The names are frequently, but not always, cognates . Women are slightly underrepresented in the calendar: approximately 45 per cent of name days celebrate only women while some 49 per cent are name days of men. The rest relate to names which may be given to either sex, such as Rauni (15 July), or which feature both women's and men's names, such as Oliver and Olivia (29 May). There are many traditional beliefs associated with various name days, especially involving
10998-677: The newborn son was named with the name that the Catholic saint indicated for that day, the day of someone's birthday does not always coincide with the day of his name. In this way, women called "Rosa" could celebrate their name on the day of Saint Rose of Viterbo in Italy, Saint Rose Philippine Duchesne in France or Saint Rose of Lima on 23 August in Peru; women called "Mercedes" celebrate on 24 September, and men called "Joseph" celebrate on 19 March, regardless of whether or not they were born on those dates. For
11115-490: The now-Catholic Church, and an Eastern , largely Greek, branch (the Eastern Orthodox Church ). The two sides disagreed on a number of administrative, liturgical and doctrinal issues, most prominently Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy . The Second Council of Lyon (1274) and the Council of Florence (1439) attempted to reunite the churches, but in both cases, the Eastern Orthodox refused to implement
11232-478: The official list was still in general use until 1986 when the consensus of a new list with three names on each day was reached. This list was revised in 1993 and reduced to two names on each day. However, widespread dissatisfaction with the list prompted the Swedish Academy to compile a new two-name list which was finally accepted and brought into use in 2001. Although it does not have the official status of
11349-571: The orders of Romanesque and Gothic architecture and the building of the great European cathedrals. Christian nationalism emerged during this era in which Christians felt the desire to recover lands in which Christianity had historically flourished. From 1095 under the pontificate of Urban II , the First Crusade was launched. These were a series of military campaigns in the Holy Land and elsewhere, initiated in response to pleas from
11466-707: The papacy. This conflict came to a head in the First Vatican Council , and in Germany would lead directly to the Kulturkampf . Christian commitment in Europe dropped as modernity and secularism came into their own, particularly in the Czech Republic and Estonia , while religious commitments in America have been generally high in comparison to Europe. Changes in worldwide Christianity over
11583-402: The peaks in Christian history and Christian civilization , and Constantinople remained the leading city of the Christian world in size, wealth, and culture. There was a renewed interest in classical Greek philosophy , as well as an increase in literary output in vernacular Greek. Byzantine art and literature held a preeminent place in Europe, and the cultural impact of Byzantine art on
11700-447: The person grows up the emphasis may shift decisively. Entertainment provided by the celebrating host may include a meal, drinks, desserts, music and partying , rather than the guests fussing over the person celebrating. Gifts are expected from the guests. Optionally, an adult relative or a godparent might give pocket money to a celebrant child or teenager instead of a gift. In cases where birthdays and name days are close to each other,
11817-441: The person who has a name day prepares snacks for well-wishers, and during the day colleagues arrive one after another with flowers, sweets and small presents to greet him. Sometimes, especially in smaller companies, a certain time is set for the main celebrations. It is normal to come to a name day celebration without an invitation. At school one is expected to arrive with candy for classmates and teachers. Celebrating name days at home
11934-417: The role of tradition, the seven sacraments , and other doctrines and practices. The Reformation in England began in 1534, when King Henry VIII had himself declared head of the Church of England . Beginning in 1536, the monasteries throughout England, Wales and Ireland were dissolved . Thomas Müntzer , Andreas Karlstadt and other theologians perceived both the Catholic Church and the confessions of
12051-403: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konstantinos&oldid=1255501973 " Categories : Greek masculine given names Masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
12168-518: The same day in many countries. From the 18th century and onwards the list of name days has been modified in Sweden and Finland . Name days ( Bulgarian : имени дни ) in Bulgaria have almost always been associated with Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox celebrations. Some names can be celebrated on more than one day and some have even started following foreign traditions (like Valentina being celebrated on
12285-712: The same name. In such a case, the person is said "not to have" a name day, or they may choose to celebrate on All Saints' Day . The vast majority of name days are on the same date every year ; the few exceptions are names directly or indirectly associated with Easter , and so are floating. The tradition facilitates social interaction, as all Greek language calendars include detailed name-day lists. Some name days coincide with major Christian feasts. For example, people whose names are Chrēstos or Christine have their name day on Christmas , people named after St. Basil have their name day on New Year's Day, Anastásios and Anastasía on Easter Sunday , and María and Mários either on
12402-470: The secular name-days calendar to the Catholic calendar is not maintained any more. For example, even religious Catholic people named Gergely (Gregory) after Pope Gregory the Great still celebrate their name days on 12 March, although the Church moved the feast of that saint to 3 September in 1969. In Ireland , name days were occasionally observed in the past. Among Roman Catholics , it was traditional to begin
12519-402: The state actively opposed itself to the authority of the Catholic Church. The combined factors of the formation of nation states and ultramontanism , especially in Germany and the Netherlands, but also in England to a much lesser extent, often forced Catholic churches, organizations, and believers to choose between the national demands of the state and the authority of the Church, specifically
12636-550: The state. Variables were the relative sizes of the denominations and the religious, political, and ideological orientation of the states. Urs Altermatt of the University of Fribourg , looking specifically at Catholicism in Europe, identifies four models for the European nations. In traditionally Catholic-majority countries such as Belgium, Spain, and Austria, to some extent, religious and national communities are more or less identical. Cultural symbiosis and separation are found in Poland,
12753-471: The summer months than a birthday during the months with bad weather (late autumn or winter). The onomastico in Latin America is the feast of the saint in honor of which someone was named. It is very common for this term to be used as a synonym for birthdays, but this word refers to the list of the names of the saints, so they are not synonymous. Although (especially years before) by popular tradition
12870-457: The weather and the appropriate times to perform agricultural tasks, such as planting some particular crop. For example, there is a saying that "Jaakko (James) casts a cold rock into the water", meaning that on Jaakko's day, 25 July, the lake and sea waters will start getting colder, which is not far from true on average. The seven days from the 18th to the 24th of July, all being women's name days, are known as "the women's week" ( naistenviikko ). It
12987-425: The workplace, and the price of flowers often rises around the dates of popular names because of demand. A bottle of alcohol is a common gift for men on their name day. Children frequently bring sweets to school to celebrate their name days. Name days are more often celebrated than birthdays in workplaces, presumably because it is simpler to know the date since most calendars contain a list of name days. You can also find
13104-547: The world, particularly in the Middle East , North Africa , East Asia , and South Asia . Early Jewish Christians referred to themselves as 'The Way' ( Koinē Greek : τῆς ὁδοῦ , romanized: tês hodoû ), probably coming from Isaiah 40:3 , "prepare the way of the Lord". According to Acts 11:26 , the term "Christian" ( Χρῑστῐᾱνός , Khrīstiānós ), meaning "followers of Christ" in reference to Jesus's disciples ,
13221-464: Was ended with the Edict of Toleration in 311 and the Edict of Milan in 313. At that point, Christianity was still a minority belief, comprising perhaps only 5% of the Roman population. Influenced by his adviser Mardonius , Constantine's nephew Julian unsuccessfully tried to suppress Christianity. On 27 February 380, Theodosius I , Gratian , and Valentinian II established Nicene Christianity as
13338-414: Was first used in the city of Antioch by the non-Jewish inhabitants there. The earliest recorded use of the term "Christianity/Christianism" ( Χρῑστῐᾱνισμός , Khrīstiānismós ) was by Ignatius of Antioch around 100 AD . The name Jesus comes from ‹See Tfd› Greek : Ἰησοῦς Iēsous , likely from Hebrew / Aramaic : יֵשׁוּעַ Yēšūaʿ. Christianity developed during the 1st century AD as
13455-400: Was not new—Augustine of Hippo said that Jews should not be allowed to enjoy the citizenship that Christians took for granted—but the growing antipathy towards Jews was a factor that led to the expulsion of Jews from England in 1290 , the first of many such expulsions in Europe. Beginning around 1184, following the crusade against Cathar heresy, various institutions, broadly referred to as
13572-476: Was published, and there are also a few extended calendars found on the Internet , listing names even on 29 February. 29 February is a popular date to celebrate name days of people who do not have a name day; another such date is 22 May. People who do not have name days in ordinary calendars can enjoy many variations when to celebrate—on 29 February or 22 May and, if they have their name in an extended calendar or in
13689-465: Was the first of a series of ecumenical councils , which formally defined critical elements of the theology of the Church, notably concerning Christology . The Church of the East did not accept the third and following ecumenical councils and is still separate today by its successors ( Assyrian Church of the East ). In terms of prosperity and cultural life, the Byzantine Empire was one of
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