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73-693: The Karasuyama Line ( 烏山線 , Karasuyama-sen ) is a railway line in Tochigi Prefecture , Japan, owned and operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Hōshakuji in the town of Takanezawa with Karasuyama in Nasukarasuyama . Trains run approximately once every hour, traveling the entire length of the line. Some trains travel through onto the Utsunomiya Line ( Tohoku Main Line ) to Utsunomiya Station . From

146-715: A breviary , a catechism , and De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum (Instructions for a Virtuous Life According to the Examples of the Saints) by Croatian humanist Marko Marulić , a Latin book that had become popular in the Counter-Reformation . According to a 1549 letter of F. Balthasar Gago from Goa, it was the only book that Francis read or studied. Francis reached Lisbon in June 1540 and, four days after his arrival, he and Rodrigues were summoned to

219-456: A war that lasted over 18 years . Three years later, Francis's father died when Francis was only nine years old. In 1516, Francis's brothers participated in a failed Navarrese-French attempt to expel the Spanish invaders from the kingdom. The Spanish Governor, Cardinal Cisneros , confiscated the family lands, demolished the outer wall, the gates, and two towers of the family castle, and filled in

292-711: A Portuguese merchant, ... who had been for many days in Anjirō's country of Japan, to give me ... some information on that land and its people from what he had seen and heard. ...All the Portuguese merchants coming from Japan tell me that if I go there I shall do great service for God our Lord, more than with the pagans of India, for they are a very reasonable people." (To His Companions Residing in Rome, From Cochin, 20 January 1548, no. 18, p. 178). Francis Xavier reached Japan on 27 July 1549, with Anjirō and three other Jesuits, but he

365-500: A humid temperate zone with broad variations in temperature. Winters are arid with dry winds, while summers are humid with frequent thunderstorms. The population of Tochigi as of November 2010 is approximately 2,005,096. Located in the center of the prefecture is the largest open plain in the Kantō region. Shirane (2,578 metres (8,458 ft)), Nantai (2,484 metres (8,150 ft)) and Nasudake (1,917 metres (6,289 ft)) mountain are in

438-603: A private audience with King John and Queen Catherine . Francis Xavier devoted much of his life to missions in Asia, mainly in four centres: Malacca, Amboina and Ternate (in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia), Japan, and off-shore China. His growing information about new places indicated to him that he had to go to what he understood were centres of influence for the whole region. China loomed large from his days in India. Japan

511-464: A representative of the king of Portugal, he was also the first major Christian missionary to venture into Borneo , the Maluku Islands , Japan , and other areas. In those areas, struggling to learn the local languages and in the face of opposition, he had less success than he had enjoyed in India. Xavier was about to extend his mission to Ming China , when he died on Shangchuan Island . He

584-485: A time that a Portuguese ship had arrived at a port in the province of Bungo in Kyushu and that the prince there would like to see him, Xavier now set out southward. The Jesuit, in a fine cassock, surplice, and stole, was attended by thirty gentlemen and as many servants, all in their best clothes. Five of them bore on cushions valuable articles, including a portrait of Our Lady and a pair of velvet slippers, these not gifts for

657-838: Is discretionary. The sacred relics went on display starting on 22 November 2014 at the XVII Solemn Exposition. The display closed on 4 January 2015. The previous exposition, the sixteenth, was held from 21 November 2004 to 2 January 2005. Relics of Saint Francis Xavier are also found in the Espirito Santo (Holy Spirit) Church, Margão , in Sanv Fransiku Xavierachi Igorz (Church of St. Francis Xavier), Batpal , Canacona , Goa, and at St. Francis Xavier Chapel, Portais, Panjim. Other pilgrimage centres include Xavier's birthplace in Navarre;

730-684: Is famous for its many gyoza specialist shops. Also located in Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture has one of the largest shopping malls in the North Kantō region, Bell Mall . Fourteen cities are located in Tochigi Prefecture: These are the towns in each district : Located close to Tōkyō, Tochigi is home to many corporations and industrial zones, including the Kiyohara Industrial Complex , one of

803-761: Is not characteristic of Ignatius and there is no evidence that he employed it at all. In 1530, Francis received the degree of Master of Arts, and afterwards taught Aristotelian philosophy at the Collège de Beauvais , University of Paris. On 15 August 1534, seven students met in a crypt beneath the Church of Saint Denis (now Saint Pierre de Montmartre ), on the hill of Montmartre , overlooking Paris. They were Francis, Ignatius of Loyola , Alfonso Salmeron , Diego Laínez , Nicolás Bobadilla from Spain , Peter Faber from Savoy , and Simão Rodrigues from Portugal . They made private vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience to

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876-540: Is now co-patron saint of Navarre, with Fermin . The Day of Navarre in Navarre, Spain, marks the anniversary of Francis Xavier's death, on 3 December. Hindu extremists such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) , are attempting to cancel Francis Xavier's patronage of Goa , where his body rests, in order to replace him with the Parshuram of Hindu mythology . Francis Xavier was born in

949-986: Is the Kita-Kantō Expressway , with the 18.5 km that connect the Tochigi-Tsuga Interchange and the Utsunomiya-Kaminokawa Interchange. Portions of the Kita-Kantō Expressway are still being constructed and is set to be fully completed by 2011. The highway will link the region's other main transport arteries, the Tōhoku, the Jōban and the Kan-Etsu Expressways , providing a link to the international port of Hitachinaka in Ibaraki. The Tōhoku Shinkansen and

1022-639: The Acehnese from Sumatra , and through preaching Xavier inspired the Portuguese to seek battle, achieving a victory at the Battle of Perlis River , despite being heavily outnumbered. In Malacca in December 1547, Francis Xavier met a Japanese man named Anjirō . Anjirō had heard of Francis in 1545 and had travelled from Kagoshima to Malacca to meet him. Having been charged with murder, Anjirō had fled Japan. He told Francis extensively about his former life, and

1095-514: The Castle of Xavier (related to the theologian and philosopher Martín de Azpilcueta ). His brother Miguel de Jasso (later known as Miguel de Javier) became Lord of Xavier and Idocín at the death of his parents (a direct ancestor of the Counts of Javier). Basque and Romance were his two mother tongues . In 1512, Ferdinand , King of Aragon and regent of Castile , invaded Navarre, initiating

1168-803: The Castle of Xavier , in the Kingdom of Navarre , on 7 April 1506 into an influential noble family. He was the youngest son of Don Juan de Jasso y Atondo, Lord of Idocín, president of the Royal Council of the Kingdom of Navarre, and seneschal of the Castle of Xavier (a doctor in law by the University of Bologna , belonging to a prosperous noble family of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port , later privy counsellor and finance minister to King John III of Navarre ) and Doña María de Azpilcueta y Aznárez, sole heiress to

1241-647: The Church of the Gesù . Francis Xavier was beatified by Pope Paul V on 25 October 1619, and was canonized by Pope Gregory XV on 12 March 1622, at the same time as Ignatius Loyola . Pope Pius XI proclaimed him the "Patron of Catholic Missions". His feast day is 3 December. Saint Francis Xavier's relics are kept in a silver casket, elevated inside the Bom Jesus Basilica and are exposed (being brought to ground level) generally every ten years, but this

1314-730: The Holy See , request Jesuit missionaries to spread the faith in his new possessions in India , where the king believed that Christian values were eroding among the Portuguese. After successive appeals to the Pope asking for missionaries for the East Indies under the Padroado agreement, John III was encouraged by Diogo de Gouveia , rector of the Collège Sainte-Barbe , to recruit the newly graduated students who had established

1387-460: The Maluku Islands , where the Portuguese had some settlements. For a year and a half, he preached the Gospel there. He went first to Ambon Island , where he stayed until mid-June. He then visited the other Maluku Islands, including Ternate , Baranura, and Morotai . Shortly after Easter 1547, he returned to Ambon Island; a few months later he returned to Malacca. While there, Malacca was attacked by

1460-623: The Meiji Restoration , Tochigi was known as Shimotsuke Province . In the early 15th century, the Ashikaga Gakkō , Japan's oldest school of higher education, was re-established in the prefecture, holding over 3,000 students by the 16th century. Saint Francis Xavier introduced Ashikaga to the world as the best university in Japan. In the early 17th century, Japan was unified under the shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu . After his death,

1533-642: The Nikko Tōshō-gū shrine was built in Nikkō in 1617 on what the shōguns thought of as holy ground to protect and worship Ieyasu. Its establishment brought Nikkō to national attention. Ieyasu's successors as Tokugawa shogun developed the Nikkō Kaidō (日光街道, part of the major road connecting Nikkō with Edo ) and acquired lavish processions to worship Ieyasu. In the late 19th century, the Tokugawa shogunate fell and

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1606-806: The Portuguese Empire in the East , and was influential in evangelization work, most notably in early modern India . He was extensively involved in the missionary activity in Portuguese India . In 1546, Francis Xavier proposed the establishment of the Goan Inquisition in a letter addressed to King John III of Portugal . While some sources claim that he actually asked for a special minister whose sole office would be to further Christianity in Goa , others disagree with this assertion. As

1679-674: The UCI Asia Tour Nikkō National Park is famous for its UNESCO World Heritage Site which was registered as the 10th World Heritage Site in 1999. This encompasses Rinnō-ji, Nikkō Tōshō-gū , Mount Nantai , and Futarasan Shrine . The Kegon Falls , also in Nikkō, is popular with tourists. To travel between the city and the falls, automobiles and buses take the Irohazaka, a road with dozens of switchbacks. In addition, 400-year-old Japanese Cedars (about 13,000 in total) line

1752-531: The East. From August until March 1542 he remained in Portuguese Mozambique , and arrived in Goa , then the capital of Portuguese India , on 6 May 1542, thirteen months after leaving Lisbon. The Portuguese, following quickly on the great voyages of discovery, had established themselves at Goa thirty years earlier. Francis's primary mission, as ordered by King John III, was to restore Christianity among

1825-583: The JR Utsunomiya Line are the main railways running north and south in Tochigi. Shinkansen runs from Tokyo Station to Oyama in south Tochigi in 43 minutes. Utsunomiya can be reached by rail in as little as 48 minutes, and many parts of Tochigi are within commuting range of central Tokyo. To the east and west, the Mito and Ryōmō Lines connect Tochigi to Ibaraki and Gunma. Freight is served by

1898-477: The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) The annual gross agricultural output in Tochigi is about 274 billion yen. Rice, vegetables, and livestock are produced in the region. Tochigi is also known for strawberries, Chinese chives, and Japanese pears sold throughout Japan and exported to other countries. Approximately 55% of Tochigi is covered by forests. Mushrooms, such as Shiitake mushrooms, make up half of

1971-733: The Pearl Fishery Coast, which extends from Cape Comorin on the southern tip of India to the island of Mannar , off Ceylon ( Sri Lanka ), there was a Jāti of people called Paravas . Many of them had been baptised ten years before, merely to please the Portuguese who had helped them against the Moors, but remained uninstructed in the faith. Accompanied by several native clerics from the seminary at Goa, he set sail for Cape Comorin in October 1542. He taught those who had already been baptised and preached to those who weren't. His efforts with

2044-603: The Pope, and also vowed to go to the Holy Land to convert infidels. Francis began his study of theology in 1534 and was ordained on 24 June 1537. In 1539, after long discussions, Ignatius drew up a formula for a new religious order, the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits). Ignatius's plan for the order was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540. In 1540, King John III of Portugal had Pedro Mascarenhas , Portuguese ambassador to

2117-425: The Portuguese settlers. According to Teotonio R. DeSouza, recent critical accounts indicate that apart from the posted civil servants, "the great majority of those who were dispatched as 'discoverers' were the riff-raff of Portuguese society, picked up from Portuguese jails." Nor did the soldiers, sailors, or merchants come to do missionary work, and Imperial policy permitted the outflow of disaffected nobility. Many of

2190-589: The Society of Jesus. Ignatius promptly appointed Nicholas Bobadilla and Simão Rodrigues . At the last moment, however, Bobadilla became seriously ill. With some hesitance and uneasiness, Ignatius asked Francis to go in Bobadilla's place. Thus, Francis Xavier began his life as the first Jesuit missionary almost accidentally. Leaving Rome on 15 March 1540, in the Ambassador's train, Francis took with him

2263-866: The Utsunomiya Freight Terminal. Fukushima Airport is approximately an hour's drive from Utsunomiya on the Tōhoku Expressway . International and national air transportation is through Narita International Airport to the east of Tokyo, approximately three hours by vehicle from Utsunomiya. 36°31′N 139°49′E  /  36.517°N 139.817°E  / 36.517; 139.817 Francis Xavier Francis Xavier , SJ (born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta ; Latin : Franciscus Xaverius ; Basque : Xabierkoa ; French: François Xavier ; Spanish: Francisco Javier ; Portuguese : Francisco Xavier ; 7 April 1506 – 3 December 1552), venerated as Saint Francis Xavier ,

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2336-417: The arrivals formed liaisons with local women and adopted Indian culture. Missionaries often wrote against the "scandalous and undisciplined" behaviour of their fellow Christians. The Christian population had churches, clergy, and a bishop, but there were few preachers and no priests beyond the walls of Goa. Xavier decided that he must begin by instructing the Portuguese themselves, and gave much of his time to

2409-729: The church to keep it in Macau's Cathedral of St. Paul . It was subsequently moved to St. Joseph's and in 1978 to the Chapel of St. Francis Xavier on Coloane Island . More recently the relic was moved to St. Joseph's Church. A relic from the right hand of St Francis Xavier is on display at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney . In 2006, on the 500th anniversary of his birth, the Xavier Tomb Monument and Chapel on Shangchuan Island, in ruins after years of neglect under communist rule in China,

2482-436: The city of Tochigi's Autumn Festival where doll floats are pulled around the city once every five years. Other attractions include: Traversing the prefecture along the north–south axis and connecting to the rest of the country are the Tōhoku Expressway and the new and old Route 4 . From east to west spans Route 50 , connecting southern Tochigi with Ibaraki and Gunma Prefectures. Also connecting Tochigi, Gunma, and Ibaraki

2555-758: The coast, including St. Stephen's Church, Kombuthurai , mentioned in his letters dated 1544. During this time, he was able to visit the tomb of Thomas the Apostle in Mylapore (now part of Madras/ Chennai then in Portuguese India). He set his sights eastward in 1545 and planned a missionary journey to Makassar on the island of Celebes (today's Indonesia ). As the first Jesuit in India, Francis had difficulty achieving much success in his missionary trips. His successors, such as Roberto de Nobili , Matteo Ricci , and Constanzo Beschi , attempted to convert

2628-470: The conversion of his subjects to Christianity under penalty of death; Christians in Kagoshima could not be given any catechism in the following years. The Portuguese missionary Pedro de Alcáçova would later write in 1554: In Cangoxima, the first place Father Master Francisco stopped at, there were a good number of Christians, although there was no one there to teach them; the shortage of labourers prevented

2701-509: The customs and culture of his homeland. Anjirō became the first Japanese Christian and adopted the name 'Paulo de Santa Fe'. He later helped Xavier as a mediator and interpreter for the mission to Japan that now seemed much more possible. In January 1548 Francis returned to Goa to attend to his responsibilities as superior of the mission there. The next 15 months were occupied with various journeys and administrative measures. He left Goa on 15 April 1549, stopped at Malacca, and visited Canton . He

2774-577: The emperor. For forty-five years the Jesuits were the only missionaries in Asia, but the Franciscans began proselytizing in Asia, as well. Christian missionaries were later forced into exile, along with their assistants. However, some were able to stay behind. Christianity was then kept underground so as to not be persecuted. The Japanese people were not easily converted; many of the people were already Buddhist or Shinto . Francis tried to combat

2847-669: The famous Cedar Avenue of Nikkō for roughly 35 km, making it the longest tree-lined avenue in the world. A more recent and modern attraction is the Twin Ring Motegi Circuit race course, which hosts the only IndyCar race outside the United States. The track also hosts many other race events including Formula One and motorcycle races as well as festivals and fireworks events. Tochigi has many traditional festivals and events such as Nikkō Tōshō-gū's 1000 Samurai Procession and Horseback Archery Festival, and

2920-418: The forest industry, with an output of approximately 5.6 billion yen. Tochigi is home to many universities and colleges including those for science and technology , literature , medicine , education , and art . Below is an alphabetical list of some of the universities located in Tochigi. The sports teams and events listed below are based in Tochigi. Tour de Tochigi , a cat 2.2 three-day road race of

2993-453: The harbour. The captain refused to recognize his title of Nuncio, asked Pereira to resign from his title of ambassador, named a new crew for the ship, and demanded the gifts for the Chinese Emperor be left in Malacca. In late August 1552, the Santa Cruz reached the Chinese island of Shangchuan , 14 km away from the southern coast of mainland China, near Taishan , Guangdong, 200 km south-west of what later became Hong Kong . At this time, he

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3066-408: The high-caste Brahmins remained unavailing. The Brahmin and Muslim authorities in Travancore opposed Xavier with violence; time and again his hut was burned down over his head, and once he saved his life only by hiding among the branches of a large tree. He devoted almost three years to the work of preaching to the people of southern India and Ceylon, converting many. He built nearly 40 churches along

3139-455: The hostility of the daimyo. During his trip from Japan back to India, a tempest forced him to stop on an island near Guangzhou , Guangdong , China, where he met Diogo Pereira, a rich merchant and an old friend from Cochin . Pereira showed him a letter from Portuguese prisoners in Guangzhou, asking for a Portuguese ambassador to speak to the Jiajing Emperor on their behalf. Later during the voyage, he stopped at Malacca on 27 December 1551 and

3212-479: The language. He was hosted by Anjirō's family until October 1550. From October to December 1550, he resided in Yamaguchi . Shortly before Christmas, he left for Kyoto but failed to meet with Emperor Go-Nara . He returned to Yamaguchi in March 1551, where the daimyō of the province gave him permission to preach. Having learned that evangelical poverty did not have the appeal in Japan that it had in Europe and in India, he decided to change his approach. Hearing after

3285-426: The largest inland industrial complexes in the country. Industrial manufacturing accounts for 36.6% of the prefecture's total output. Vehicle parts and accessories are the primary products, followed by vehicles, radios and televisions, pharmaceuticals, and wireless communication equipment. Below are goods manufactured in Tochigi with the highest market share in Japan: (The 2004 industrial analysis report published by

3358-429: The life of Xavier: The right forearm , which Xavier used to bless and baptise his converts, was detached by Superior General Claudio Acquaviva in 1614. It has been displayed since in a silver reliquary at the main Jesuit church in Rome, Il Gesù . Another of Xavier's arm bones was brought to Macau where it was kept in a silver reliquary . The relic was destined for Japan but religious persecution there persuaded

3431-438: The line on 10 March 1990, using KiHa 40 series DMUs. Tochigi Prefecture Utsunomiya is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture, with other major cities including Oyama , Tochigi , and Ashikaga . Tochigi Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures and its mountainous northern region is a popular tourist region in Japan. The Nasu area is known for its onsens , local sake , and ski resorts,

3504-461: The moat. In addition, the height of the keep was reduced by half. Only the family residence inside the castle was left. In 1522, one of Francis's brothers participated with 200 Navarrese nobles in dogged but failed resistance against the Castilian Count of Miranda in Amaiur, Baztan , the last Navarrese territorial position south of the Pyrenees. In 1525, Francis went to study in Paris at the Collège Sainte-Barbe , University of Paris , where he spent

3577-429: The new government established the prefectures . The prefectural capital was established in the city of Tochigi after the unification of Utsunomiya Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture in 1873. By 1884, however, the capital was transferred to Utsunomiya. In March 2011, following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster , levels of radioactivity in Utsunomiya were 33 times higher than normal. The chief city of Utsunomiya

3650-431: The new lodger as a joke and was sarcastic about his efforts to convert students. When Pierre left their lodgings to visit his family and Ignatius was alone with Francis, he was able to slowly break down Francis's resistance. According to most biographies Ignatius is said to have posed the question: "What will it profit a man to gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?" However, according to James Broderick such method

3723-472: The next eleven years. In the early days he acquired some reputation as an athlete and a high-jumper. In 1529, Francis shared lodgings with his friend Pierre Favre . A new student, Ignatius of Loyola , came to room with them. At 38, Ignatius was much older than Pierre and Francis, who were both 23 at the time. Ignatius convinced Pierre to become a priest, but was unable to convince Francis, who had aspirations of worldly advancement. At first, Francis regarded

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3796-400: The noblemen first as a means to influence more people, while Francis had initially interacted most with the lower classes; (later though, in Japan, Francis changed tack by paying tribute to the Emperor and seeking an audience with him). In the spring of 1545, Xavier started for Portuguese Malacca . He laboured there for the last months of that year. About January 1546, Xavier left Malacca for

3869-465: The non-electrified Karasuyama Line tracks. All of the remaining KiHa 40 series diesel trains used on the line were withdrawn on 3 March 2017, and replaced with EV-E301 series battery electric units from the start of the revised timetable on 4 March 2017. The line opened on 15 April 1923. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the line came under the control of JR East. Wanman driver only operation commenced on

3942-459: The northern part of the area. Kinugawa, Nakagawa, and Watarase River originate in this region, which flow across the Kanto plain before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. Tochigi is the 20th largest prefecture in Japan with a total area of 6,408.09 square km. As of 1 April 2012, 21% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks , namely Nikkō National Park , Oze National Park , and eight Prefectural Natural Parks. Before

4015-482: The passage of time, his sojourn in Japan could be considered somewhat fruitful as attested by congregations established in Hirado , Yamaguchi, and Bungo . Xavier worked for more than two years in Japan and saw his successor-Jesuits established. He then decided to return to India. Historians debate the exact path by which he returned, but from evidence attributed to the captain of his ship, he may have travelled through Tanegeshima and Minato, and avoided Kagoshima because of

4088-418: The prince, but solemn offerings to Xavier, to impress the onlookers with his eminence. Handsomely dressed, with his companions acting as attendants, he presented himself before Oshindono, the ruler of Nagate, and as a representative of the great Kingdom of Portugal, offered him letters and presents: a musical instrument, a watch, and other attractive objects which had been given him by the authorities in India for

4161-459: The prospect of converting the country. Xavier was welcomed by the Shingon monks since he used the word Dainichi for the Christian God; attempting to adapt the concept to local traditions. As Xavier learned more about the religious nuances of the word, he changed to Deusu from the Latin and Portuguese Deus . The monks later realised that Xavier was preaching a rival religion and grew more resistant towards his attempts at conversion. With

4234-461: The relics. The tour continued to every city where CCO and/or the Jesuits are present in Canada: Quebec City, St. John's, Halifax, St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish (neither CCO nor the Jesuits are present here), Kingston, Toronto, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Regina, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria, and Montreal before returning to Ottawa. The relic was then returned to Rome with a Mass of Thanksgiving celebrated by Archbishop Terrence Prendergast at

4307-469: The reservations of some of the Japanese. Many mistakenly interpreted Catholic doctrine as teaching that demons had been created evil, and they thus concluded the God who had created them could not be good. Much of Francis' preaching was devoted to providing answers to this and other such challenges. In the course of these discussions, Francis grew to respect the rationality and general literacy of those Japanese people whom he encountered. He expressed optimism at

4380-471: The start of the revised timetable on 15 March 2014, a new EV-E301 series two-car battery electric multiple unit (BEMU) was introduced on the Karasuyama Line and Tohoku Main Line between Utsunomiya and Karasuyama. Developed from the experimental " Smart Denchi-kun " battery electric railcar also tested on this line since 2012, the EV-E301 series train is recharged at a special recharging facility built at Karasuyama Station , and operates on battery power over

4453-439: The teaching of children. The first five months he spent in preaching and ministering to the sick in the hospitals. After that, he walked through the streets ringing a bell to summon the children and servants to catechism. He was invited to head Saint Paul's College , a pioneer seminary for the education of secular priests, which became the first Jesuit headquarters in Asia. Conversion efforts Xavier soon learned that along

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4526-426: The villa of the Imperial Family , and the Nasushiobara station of the Shinkansen railway line. The city of Nikkō , with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples , is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Situated among the inland prefectures of the northern part of the Kantō region, Tochigi is contiguous with Ibaraki, Gunma, Saitama, and Fukushima Prefectures. The climate of Tochigi may be classified as

4599-416: The whole kingdom from becoming Christian. Francis was the first Jesuit to go to Japan as a missionary. He brought with him paintings of the Madonna and the Madonna and Child . These paintings were used to help teach the Japanese about Christianity. There was a huge language barrier as Japanese was unlike other languages the missionaries had previously encountered. For a long time, Francis struggled to learn

4672-459: Was a Basque cleric . He was a Catholic missionary and saint who co-founded the Society of Jesus and, as a representative of the Portuguese Empire , led the first Christian mission to Japan . Born in the town of Xavier , Kingdom of Navarre , he was a companion of Ignatius of Loyola and one of the first seven Jesuits who took vows of poverty and chastity at Montmartre , Paris in 1534. He led an extensive mission into Asia, mainly

4745-450: Was accompanied by Anjirō, two other Japanese men, Father Cosme de Torres and Brother Juan Fernández . He had taken with him presents for the " King of Japan " since he intended to introduce himself as the Apostolic Nuncio . Europeans had already come to Japan; the Portuguese had landed in 1543 on the island of Tanegashima , where they introduced matchlock firearms to Japan. From Amboina, he wrote to his companions in Europe: "I asked

4818-412: Was accompanied only by a Jesuit student, Álvaro Ferreira, a Chinese man called António, and a Malabar servant called Christopher. Around mid-November, he sent a letter saying that a man had agreed to take him to the mainland in exchange for a large sum of money. Having sent back Álvaro Ferreira, he remained alone with António. He died from a fever at Shangchuan, Taishan, China, on 3 December 1552, while he

4891-413: Was back in Goa by January 1552. On 17 April he set sail with Diogo Pereira on the Santa Cruz for China. He planned to introduce himself as Apostolic Nuncio and Pereira as the ambassador of the king of Portugal. But then he realized that he had forgotten his testimonial letters as an Apostolic Nuncio. Back in Malacca, he was confronted by the captain Álvaro de Ataíde da Gama who now had total control over

4964-515: Was beatified by Pope Paul V on 25 October 1619 and canonized by Pope Gregory XV on 12 March 1622. In 1624, he was made co-patron of Navarre . Known as the "Apostle of the Indies ", "Apostle of the Far East ", "Apostle of China" and "Apostle of Japan", he is considered to be one of the greatest missionaries since Paul the Apostle . In 1927, Pope Pius XI published the decree "Apostolicorum in Missionibus" naming Francis Xavier, along with Thérèse of Lisieux , co-patron of all foreign missions. He

5037-410: Was not permitted to enter any port his ship arrived at until 15 August, when he went ashore at Kagoshima , the principal port of Satsuma Province on the island of Kyūshū . As a representative of the Portuguese king, he was received in a friendly manner. Shimazu Takahisa (1514–1571), daimyō of Satsuma, gave a friendly reception to Francis on 29 September 1549, but in the following year he forbade

5110-407: Was particularly attractive because of its culture. For him, these areas were interconnected; they could not be evangelised separately. Francis Xavier left Lisbon on 7 April 1541, his thirty-fifth birthday, along with two other Jesuits and the new viceroy Martim Afonso de Sousa , on board the Santiago . As he departed, Francis was given a brief from the pope appointing him apostolic nuncio to

5183-413: Was restored with support from the alumni of Wah Yan College , a Jesuit high school in Hong Kong. From December 2017 to February 2018, Catholic Christian Outreach (CCO) in cooperation with the Jesuits, and the Archdiocese of Ottawa (Canada) brought Xavier's right forearm to tour throughout Canada. The faithful, especially university students participating with CCO at Rise Up 2017 in Ottawa, venerated

5256-478: Was shipped to Goa. The mostly-incorruptible body is now in the Basilica of Bom Jesus in Goa, where it was placed in a glass container encased in a silver casket on 2 December 1637. This casket, constructed by Goan silversmiths between 1636 and 1637, was an exemplary blend of Italian and Indian aesthetic sensibilities. There are 32 silver plates on all four sides of the casket, depicting different episodes from

5329-662: Was waiting for a boat that would take him to mainland China. Xavier was first buried on a beach at Shangchuan Island , Taishan , Guangdong. His body was taken from the island in February 1553 and temporarily buried in St. Paul's Church in Portuguese Malacca on 22 March 1553. An open grave in the church now marks the place of Xavier's burial. Pereira came back from Goa, removed the corpse shortly after 15 April 1553, and moved it to his house. On 11 December 1553, Xavier's body

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