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133-742: Kevin Patrick Smith (born August 2, 1970) is an American director, producer, writer, and actor. He came to prominence with the low-budget comedy buddy film Clerks (1994), which he wrote, directed, co-produced, and acted in as the character Silent Bob of stoner duo Jay and Silent Bob , characters who also appeared in Smith's later films Mallrats (1995), Chasing Amy (1997), Dogma (1999), Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001), Clerks II (2006), Jay and Silent Bob Reboot (2019), and Clerks III (2022) which are set primarily in his home state of New Jersey . While not strictly sequential,

266-597: A Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back sequel instead, Jay and Silent Bob Reboot . It was scheduled to be filmed in September 2017, but shooting was postponed to February and March 2019. The first trailer for the film was released on July 18, 2019. Smith announced a tour to accompany the film. On October 1, 2019, Smith announced on Instagram that Clerks III was happening and that Jeff Anderson , who had retired, had agreed to reprise his role as Randal. The film released on September 13, 2022. As of August 2023, Smith

399-588: A Harvey Award , for Best New Talent in comic books. In 1999, Smith wrote " Guardian Devil ", an eight-issue story arc of Daredevil for Marvel Comics illustrated by Joe Quesada . He produced a 15-issue tenure on Green Arrow for DC Comics that saw the return of Oliver Queen from the dead and the introduction of Mia Dearden , a teenage girl who would become Speedy after Smith's run had ended. Smith returned to Marvel for two miniseries, Spider-Man/Black Cat: The Evil That Men Do and Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target , both of which debuted in 2002. The former

532-585: A public service announcement for the Declare Yourself organization, which promotes youth voter registration. These advertisements brought Jay and Silent Bob out of their "semi-retirement." Buddy film A buddy film portrays the pairing of two people, often the same sex, frequently men. A friendship between the two people is the key relationship in a buddy film. The two people often come from different backgrounds or have different personalities, and they tend to misunderstand one another. Through

665-463: A Spell on You " was central to the plot of Stranger than Paradise , while Mystery Train is inspired by and named after a song popularized by Elvis Presley , who is also the subject of a vignette in Coffee and Cigarettes . In the words of critic Vincent Canby , "Jarmusch's movies have the tempo and rhythm of blues and jazz, even in their use—or omission—of language. His films work on the senses much

798-675: A color reprinting of the story from Oni Double Feature No. 12, purported to be an early appearance by McNeil and Edwards. These stories have been collected in Tales From the Clerks (Graphitti Designs, ISBN   0-936211-78-4 ), which includes a new Clerks story tying into the Clerks 2 material, and the story from Oni Double Feature #1. They were previously collected by Image Comics in three separate volumes, one each for Clerks , Chasing Dogma and Bluntman and Chronic . In 1999, Smith won

931-543: A comic book than a movie." In 2014, Smith and Ralph Garman released a six-issue Batman '66 crossover featuring Batman and Green Hornet, Batman '66 Meets the Green Hornet . On March 7, 2022, it was announced that Dark Horse and Smith would be teaming up to publish the books of Secret Stash Press , a new publishing line by Smith. The first two books of the line include Maskerade , written by Smith and Andy Mcelfresh and Quick Stops , written by Smith and set within

1064-533: A commercial photographer. He later remarked, "Growing up in Ohio was just planning to get out." After graduating from high school in 1971, Jarmusch moved to Chicago and enrolled in the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University . After being asked to leave because he had neglected to take any journalism courses—Jarmusch favored literature and art history—he transferred to Columbia University

1197-460: A documentary about his dying years on which he was collaborating with Wim Wenders . Ray died in 1979 after a long fight with cancer. A few days afterwards, having been encouraged by Ray and New York underground filmmaker Amos Poe and using scholarship funds given by the Louis B. Mayer Foundation to pay for his school tuition, Jarmusch started work on a film for his final project. The university

1330-419: A half-dozen members of the church, along with many more who counter-protested Westboro members. Smith explained his decision as a way to return to an era when marketing a film did not cost four times as much as the film itself, a situation he called "decadent and deadening". Red State was a box office bomb, earning just $ 1,104,682, and opened to poor reviews; the critical consensus (according to Rotten Tomatoes )

1463-457: A horror film inspired by a story Smith and Mosier read about a Gumtree ad for a man who rents out a room in his house for free on the condition that the respondent dresses as a walrus for two hours per day. The project began pre-production in September 2013, and was shot in November of that year. Released September 19, 2014, it received mixed reviews. Before Tusk 's release, Smith wrote

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1596-641: A landmark work in modern independent film . In 1986, Jarmusch wrote and directed Down by Law , starring musicians John Lurie and Tom Waits , and Italian comic actor Roberto Benigni (his introduction to American audiences) as three convicts who escape from a New Orleans jailhouse. Shot like the director's previous efforts in black and white, this constructivist neo-noir was Jarmusch's first collaboration with Dutch cinematographer Robby Müller , who had been known for his work with Wenders. His next two films each experimented with parallel narratives: Mystery Train (1989) told three successive stories set on

1729-496: A leading man, did not fare as well as expected. It received a critical drubbing and earned only $ 2.2 million at the box office despite playing on more than 500 screens. Mallrats was more successful in the home video market. Widely hailed as Smith's best film, 1997's Chasing Amy marked what Quentin Tarantino called "a quantum leap forward" for Smith. Starring Mallrats alumni Jason Lee, Joey Lauren Adams and Ben Affleck ,

1862-483: A member of a league of time travelers and a boy travel through time repairing errors in world history. In 2018, an original anime production A Place Further than the Universe aired. It comprises four girls with contrasting personalities and life background meeting together to go to Antarctica . Jim Jarmusch James Robert Jarmusch ( / ˈ dʒ ɑːr m ə ʃ / JAR -məsh ; born January 22, 1953)

1995-563: A mock sequel to Good Will Hunting . The $ 20 million film earned $ 30 million at the box office and received mixed reviews from critics. Jersey Girl , with Affleck, Liv Tyler , George Carlin, and Raquel Castro , Smith's first film outside the View Askewniverse, marked a new direction in Smith's career. The film took a critical beating as it was seen as, in Smith's own words, " Gigli 2 ", because it co-starred Affleck and his then girlfriend, Jennifer Lopez . Smith heavily reedited

2128-410: A mutual interest in comic books. On his 21st birthday, Smith saw Richard Linklater 's comedy Slacker . Impressed that Linklater set and shot the film in his hometown of Austin, Texas , rather than on a soundstage in a major city, Smith was inspired to become a filmmaker, and to set films where he lived. He has said: "It was the movie that got me off my ass; it was the movie that lit a fire under me,

2261-424: A period film set in the 19th century American West starring Johnny Depp and Gary Farmer . Produced at a cost of almost $ 9 million with a high-profile cast including John Hurt , Gabriel Byrne and, in his final role, Robert Mitchum , the film marked a significant departure for the director from his previous features. Earnest in tone in comparison to its self-consciously hip and ironic predecessors, Dead Man

2394-544: A popular impact similar to Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as those in Waiting to Exhale , Walking and Talking , and Fried Green Tomatoes . Buddy films are often hybridized with other film genres, such as road movies , Westerns , comedies , and action films featuring police. The "threats to [the] masculinity" of the male–male relationship depend on

2527-466: A pro- LGBT filmmaker, believing that sexuality is more fluid, with social taboos, not sexual desire, preventing more people from expressing bisexuality . Smith's fourth film, Dogma (1999), featured an all-star cast and was mired in controversy. A religious-themed comedy that starred a post- Good Will Hunting Ben Affleck and Matt Damon , as well as Chris Rock , Salma Hayek , George Carlin , Alan Rickman , Linda Fiorentino , and Lee and Mewes, it

2660-406: A protection of my rights, but I don't really believe it. It's important for me to have a final cut, and I do for every film. So I'm in the editing room every day, I'm the navigator of the ship, but I'm not the captain, I can't do it without everyone's equally valuable input. For me it's phases where I'm very solitary, writing, and then I'm preparing, getting the money, and then I'm with the crew and on

2793-512: A remix to a limited edition release of the track " Blue Orchid " by The White Stripes in 2005. He released three collaborative albums with lutist Jozef van Wissem : Concerning the Entrance into Eternity ( Important Records ); The Mystery of Heaven ( Sacred Bones Records ) in 2012, and; the 2019 release An Attempt to Draw Aside the Veil (Sacred Bones Records). Jarmusch is a member of

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2926-476: A review of Jarmusch's Mystery Train (1989) that in the director's debut, "the only talent he demonstrated was for collecting egregiously untalented actors". The bleak and unrefined Permanent Vacation is nevertheless one of the director's most personal films, and established many of the hallmarks he would exhibit in his later work, including derelict urban settings, chance encounters, and a wry sensibility. Jarmusch's first major film, Stranger Than Paradise ,

3059-428: A separate series, Batman: Bellicosity , scheduled for 2016, but it remains unreleased. Also in 2010, Smith published a Green Hornet story for Dynamite Entertainment based on an unused script he wrote for a Green Hornet film that never came to fruition. In August 2011, Dynamite Entertainment debuted Smith's The Bionic Man , which was based on a 1998 script he wrote that Universal rejected for being "more like

3192-477: A series of Clerks comics . The first was Clerks: The Comic Book , which told of Randal's attempts to corner the market on Star Wars toys. The second was Clerks: Holiday Special , where Dante and Randal discover that Santa Claus lives in an apartment between the Quick Stop and RST Video. Third was Clerks: The Lost Scene , showing what happened inside Poston's Funeral Parlor. This story was later animated in

3325-505: A ship and it's amazing and exhausting and exhilarating, and then I'm alone with the editor again... I've said it before, it's like seduction, wild sex, and then pregnancy in the editing room. That's how it feels for me. Jarmusch recorded a Q & A in 2010 for the Criterion Blu-ray release of Mystery Train . He explained at the beginning that he did this, instead of the usual practice of a director's commentary to be played over

3458-469: A shoestring budget of around $ 12,000 in misdirected scholarship funds and shot by cinematographer Tom DiCillo on 16 mm film . The quasi-autobiographical feature follows an adolescent drifter (Chris Parker) as he wanders around downtown Manhattan. The film was not released theatrically and did not attract the sort of adulation from critics that greeted his later work. The Washington Post staff writer Hal Hinson would disparagingly comment in an aside during

3591-405: A six-issue Batman miniseries, The Widening Gyre , for DC, drawn by Walt Flanagan. The series was initially planned as 12 issues, with a long break planned between issues six and seven. After issue six was published, Smith and Flanagan's work on their reality show, Comic Book Men , extended this planned break longer than expected. It was decided in the interim to release the remaining issues as

3724-573: A small but dedicated American following and cult status in Europe and Japan. Each of the four films had its premiere at the New York Film Festival , while Mystery Train was in competition at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival . Jarmusch's distinctive aesthetic and auteur status fomented a critical backlash at the close of this early period, however; though reviewers praised the charm and adroitness of Mystery Train and Night On Earth ,

3857-567: A sparse, meditative crime film set in Spain, it starred Isaach de Bankolé as a lone assassin with a secretive mission. A behind-the-scenes documentary, Behind Jim Jarmusch , was filmed over three days on the set of the film in Seville by director Léa Rinaldi. Also in 2009, Jarmusch appeared as himself in an episode of the HBO series Bored to Death , and the following year, Jarmusch helped to curate

3990-552: A strikingly similar role and narrative. A five-year gap followed the release of Ghost Dog , which the director has attributed to a creative crisis he experienced in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in New York City. 2004 saw the eventual release of Coffee and Cigarettes , a collection of eleven short films of characters sitting around drinking coffee and smoking cigarettes that had been filmed by Jarmusch over

4123-550: A taste for counterculture , and he and his friends would steal the records and books of their older siblings—this included works by William Burroughs , Jack Kerouac , and The Mothers of Invention . They made fake identity documents which allowed them to visit bars at the weekend but also the local art house cinema, which typically showed pornographic films but would occasionally feature underground films such as Robert Downey, Sr. 's Putney Swope and Andy Warhol 's Chelsea Girls . At one point, he took an apprenticeship with

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4256-640: A visionary masterpiece. It has been hailed as one of the few films made by a Caucasian that presents an authentic Native American culture and character, and Jarmusch stands by it as such, though it has attracted both praise and castigation for its portrayal of the American West, violence, and especially Native Americans. Following artistic success and critical acclaim in the American independent film community, he achieved mainstream recognition with his far-East philosophical crime film Ghost Dog: The Way of

4389-930: A wandering Native American's love of William Blake , a black hitman's passionate devotion to the Hagakure . The interaction and syntheses between different cultures, the arbitrariness of national identity, and irreverence towards ethnocentric, patriotic or nationalistic sentiment are recurring themes in Jarmusch's work. Jarmusch's fascination with music is another characteristic that is readily apparent in his work. Musicians appear frequently in key roles— John Lurie , Tom Waits , Gary Farmer , Youki Kudoh , RZA and Iggy Pop have featured in multiple Jarmusch films, while Joe Strummer and Screamin' Jay Hawkins appear in Mystery Train and GZA , Jack and Meg White feature in Coffee and Cigarettes . Hawkins' song " I Put

4522-465: A week, out of frustration at the collapse of the production of another film he had written and the desire to visit and collaborate with friends such as Benigni, Gena Rowlands , Winona Ryder , and Isaach de Bankolé . As a result of his early work, Jarmusch became an influential representative of the trend of the American road movie . Not intended to appeal to mainstream filmgoers, these early Jarmusch films were embraced by art house audiences, gaining

4655-507: A whim to the graduate film school of New York University 's School of the Arts (then under the direction of Hollywood director László Benedek ). Though he lacked experience in filmmaking, his submission of a collection of photographs and an essay about film secured his acceptance into the program. He studied there for four years; he met fellow students and future collaborators Sara Driver , Tom DiCillo , Howard Brookner , and Spike Lee in

4788-442: Is a greater influence during the filmmaking process than any cognitive processes. He explained: "I feel like I have to listen to the film and let it tell me what it wants. Sometimes it mumbles and it isn't very clear." Films such as Dead Man and Limits of Control have polarized fans and general viewers alike, as Jarmusch's stylistic instinct is embedded in his strong sense of independence. Though his films are predominantly set in

4921-443: Is also defined by a signature deadpan comedic tone. The protagonists of Jarmusch's films are usually lone adventurers. The director's male characters have been described by critic Jennie Yabroff as "three time losers, petty thiefs and inept con men, all... eminently likeable, if not down right charming"; while novelist Paul Auster described them as "laconic, withdrawn, sorrowful mumblers". Jarmusch has revealed that his instinct

5054-495: Is an American film director and screenwriter. He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s, directing films such as Stranger Than Paradise (1984), Down by Law (1986), Mystery Train (1989), Dead Man (1995), Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999), Coffee and Cigarettes (2003), Broken Flowers (2005), Only Lovers Left Alive (2013), and Paterson (2016). Stranger Than Paradise

5187-564: Is filming his upcoming movie The 4:30 , focused on a group of teenagers in the 1980s who spent a day "theatre-hopping", in Monmouth County , New Jersey. With the exception of Mallrats , all of Smith's films until 2008 were financed and/or distributed by Harvey Weinstein and his brother Bob , via their companies Miramax , Dimension Films , and The Weinstein Company . In 2008 Smith's relationship with Harvey Weinstein soured due to

5320-775: Is fine, with people gouging their eyes out and shit like that, but you can't show two people having sex—that's too much. Smith took the film through the MPAA's appeals process and received an R rating without having to make any edits. Zack and Miri Make a Porno was considered a box-office "flop". It was hurt by "tepid media advertising for a movie with the title PORNO". In the aftermath of the film's performance, Smith's and Weinstein's business relationship became "frayed". Zack and Miri opened #2 behind High School Musical 3: Senior Year with $ 10,682,000 from 2,735 theaters, an average of $ 3,906. The "bankable" Rogen experienced his "worst box-office opening ever". In an interview with Katla McGlynn of

5453-597: Is invaluable; originality is nonexistent. And don't bother concealing your thievery—celebrate it if you feel like it. In any case, always remember what Jean-Luc Godard said: "It's not where you take things from—it's where you take them to." Jim Jarmusch's Golden Rules – #5, 2004, Jarmusch has been characterized as a minimalist filmmaker whose idiosyncratic films are unhurried. His films often eschew traditional narrative structure, lacking clear plot progression and focus more on mood and character development. In an interview early in his career, he stated that his goal

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5586-517: Is tied up with the man", adding: "No fucking movie is worth all this." He lamented that in addition to working with Weinstein, "I sat out there talking about this man like he was a hero, like he was my friend, like he was my father." He pledged to donate all his future residuals from his Weinstein-produced films to the nonprofit organization Women in Film , which advocates for the inclusion of more women in film production. Smith later announced that, due to

5719-488: The Huffington Post , Smith said: I was depressed, man. I wanted that movie to do so much better. I'm sitting there thinking 'That's it, that's it, I'm gone, I'm out. The movie didn't do well and I killed Seth Rogen's career! This dude was on a roll until he got in with the likes of me. I'm a career killer! Judd [Apatow]'s going to be pissed, the whole Internet's going to be pissed because they all like Seth, and

5852-632: The True North trilogy . He has served as a director-for-hire for material he did not write, including the buddy cop action comedy Cop Out (2010) and various television series episodes, creating Masters of the Universe: Revelation in 2021. Smith owns Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash in Red Bank, New Jersey , a comic book store which became the setting for the reality television show Comic Book Men (2012–2018). He hosted

5985-404: The 72nd Cannes Film Festival and received mixed reviews. The film was distributed by Focus Features . Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote of the film, "At times, the deadpan of Murray and Driver becomes, well, a bit deadening, and true wit is in short supply, even though the film remains amusing most of the way." Jarmusch directed and wrote a short film titled French Water for

6118-588: The All Tomorrow's Parties music festival in Monticello, New York. In an August 2010 interview, Jarmusch revealed his forthcoming work schedule at that time: I'm working on a documentary about the Stooges [Iggy Pop-fronted band]. It's going to take a few years. There's no rush on it, but it's something that Iggy asked me to do. I'm co-writing an "opera". It won't be a traditional opera, but it'll be about

6251-856: The MTV Movie Awards ). It marked Smith's third trip to the Cannes International Film Festival, where it received an eight-minute standing ovation. The $ 5 million film, starring Jeff Anderson, Brian O'Halloran, Rosario Dawson , Mewes, Jennifer Schwalbach and Smith reprising his role as Silent Bob, earned $ 25 million. Zack and Miri Make a Porno was originally announced in March 2006 as Smith's second non-Askewniverse film. The film began shooting on January 18, 2008, in Monroeville, Pennsylvania , and wrapped on March 15, 2008. It stars Seth Rogen and Elizabeth Banks as

6384-555: The Palme d'Or and received the Grand Prix . Film critic Peter Bradshaw for The Guardian described the film as "Jarmusch's most enjoyable, accessible work for some time, perhaps his most emotionally generous film...a very attractive piece of film-making, bolstered by terrific performances from an all-star cast, spearheaded by endlessly droll, seductively sensitive Bill Murray." In 2009, Jarmusch released The Limits of Control ,

6517-618: The View Askewniverse . In 1998, Smith shot two TV commercials for Coca-Cola in New Jersey. In 2000, Smith and Mosier teamed up with television writer David Mandel to develop an animated television show based on Clerks called Clerks: The Animated Series . Only the first two episodes aired, on ABC in May 2000, before the series was canceled due to poor ratings. The six produced episodes were released on DVD in 2001. During

6650-629: The Yves Saint Laurent House of Fashion to celebrate their spring/summer 2021 collection. It starred Charlotte Gainsbourg and Julianne Moore , among others. In September 2021, Jarmusch published with Anthology Editions a hardcover book of his small-scale collage art called Some Collages with texts by Lucy Sante and Randy Kennedy. In the early 1980s, Jarmusch was part of a revolving lineup of musicians in Robin Crutchfield 's Dark Day project, and later became

6783-611: The graffiti phenomenon . Directed by Smith, the script was co-written with Andrew McElfresh, marking the first time he shared writing credit. It represents a retooling of their Anti-Claus film, which was initially canceled after the release of Krampus , due to the two stories' similarity. The film crew was mostly made up of students of the Ringling College of Art and Design , with shooting continuing over every semester break. In 2017, due to obstacles getting Clerks 3 or Mallrats 2 produced, Smith decided to write and direct

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6916-460: The $ 250,000 film earned $ 12 million at the box office, wound up on a number of critics' year-end best lists, and won two Independent Spirit Awards (for Screenplay and Supporting Actor for Lee). The film received some criticism from members of the lesbian community, who felt that it reinforced the perception that lesbians merely need to find the right man. Smith, whose brother Donald is gay , found this accusation frustrating, as he has endeavored to be

7049-525: The 1940 Paramount Pictures film Road to Singapore , which led to other 1940s buddy films that the Los Angeles Times described as "escapist wartime fantasies". Hope and Crosby starred together in a series of films that lasted to the 1960s. Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis were a popular duo in the 1950s, and Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon were famous in the 1960s, starring in the hit 1968 film The Odd Couple . A major departure from

7182-539: The 1990s and 2000s and were combined with different genres, such as White Men Can't Jump (1992), Bulletproof (1996), Gridlock'd (1997), National Security (2003) and The Bucket List (2007). Also in the 1990s and 2000s, John Woo 's Hollywood films imported the wuxia "themes of loyalty and trust" from his previous Hong Kong-produced films to create different takes on male bonding. Kin–Yan Szeto writes in The Martial Arts Cinema of

7315-496: The Chinese Diaspora , "[In] his third Hollywood film, Face/Off ... Woo manages to deploy and politicize themes of homosociality with the possibility of contesting hegemonic masculinity that consolidates kinship and family." Woo's 2001 World War II film Windtalkers depicted two buddy pairs, with each pair indicating inequality through ethnicity (white American soldiers protecting Navajo code talkers but ready to kill

7448-525: The MPAA. At an appeals screening, a jury of members of the National Association of Theatre Owners reversed the MPAA's decision, and the film was given an R rating. The movie had a profound effect on the independent film community. According to producer and author John Pierson , it is considered one of the two most influential film debuts in the 1990s, along with The Brothers McMullen . Smith's second film, Mallrats , Jason Lee 's debut as

7581-747: The Pauper with Prince Edward and Miles Hendon. From the 1930s to the 1960s in the United States, male comedy duos often appeared in buddy films. Laurel and Hardy and Abbott and Costello were popular in the 1930s and 1940s. Laurel and Hardy starred in films like Sons of the Desert (1933), and Abbott and Costello starred in films like Buck Privates (1941). Another comedy duo was Wheeler & Woolsey , who starred in Half Shot at Sunrise (1930). Bing Crosby and Bob Hope starred together in

7714-657: The Prix de la Jeunesse and the International Critics' Week Prize. Released in October 1994 in two cities, the film went on to play in 50 markets, never playing on more than 50 screens at any given time. Despite the limited release, it was a critical and financial success, earning $ 3.1 million. Initially, the film received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA for sexually graphic language. Miramax hired Alan Dershowitz to sue

7847-597: The SModcast , on September 29, 2009. A lifelong comic book fan, Smith's early forays into comic books dealt with previously established View Askew characters, and were published by Oni Press . He wrote a short Jay and Silent Bob story about Walt Flanagan's dog in Oni Double Feature No. 1, and followed it with a Bluntman and Chronic story in Oni Double Feature #12. He followed these with

7980-476: The Samurai (1999), shot in Jersey City and starring Forest Whitaker as a young inner-city man who has found purpose for his life by unyieldingly conforming it to the Hagakure , an 18th-century philosophy text and training manual for samurai, becoming, as directed, a terrifyingly deadly hit-man for a local mob boss to whom he may owe a debt, and who then betrays him. The soundtrack was supplied by RZA of

8113-549: The Sundance Kid (1969), Easy Rider (1969), Midnight Cowboy (1969), Thunderbolt and Lightfoot (1974), and Dog Day Afternoon (1975). The Los Angeles Times said films like Scarecrow (1973) and All the President's Men (1976) reflected the "paranoia and alienation" felt in the era. Beyond Hollywood, a notable buddy road movie of that era was the Bollywood " Curry Western " film Sholay (1975), which

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8246-498: The TV series style and included as an extra on the 10th Anniversary Clerks DVD. Smith wrote the miniseries Chasing Dogma , which tells the story of Jay and Silent Bob between the films Chasing Amy and Dogma . He has written the trade paperback Bluntman and Chronic , published by Image , which purports to be a collection of the three issues of the series done by Holden McNeil and Banky Edwards (of Chasing Amy ). It includes

8379-477: The United States, Jarmusch has advanced the notion that he looks at America "through a foreigner's eyes", with the intention of creating a form of world cinema that synthesizes European and Japanese film with that of Hollywood. His films have often included foreign actors and characters, and (at times substantial) non-English dialogue. In his two later-nineties films, he dwelt on different cultures' experiences of violence, and on textual appropriations between cultures:

8512-543: The Wu-Tang Clan, which blends into the director's "aesthetics of sampling". The film was unique among other things for the number of books important to and discussed by its characters, most of them listed bibliographically as part of the end credits. The film is also considered to be a homage to Le Samourai , a 1967 French New Wave film by auteur Jean-Pierre Melville , which starred renowned French actor Alain Delon in

8645-497: The aforementioned film project after a protracted period and, in July 2012, Jarmusch began shooting Only Lovers Left Alive with Tilda Swinton , Tom Hiddleston , Mia Wasikowska , Anton Yelchin , and Hurt, while Jarmusch's musical project Sqürl were the main contributors to the film's soundtrack. The film screened at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), with Jarmusch explaining

8778-617: The avant-garde rock band Sqürl with film associate Carter Logan and sound engineer Shane Stoneback. The band formed to create additional soundtracks for Jarmusch's film The Limits of Control , which they released together with two other songs on an EP called "Film Music from The Limits of Control" under the name Bad Rabbit. Sqürl's version of Wanda Jackson 's 1961 song "Funnel of Love", featuring Madeline Follin of Cults on vocals, opens Jarmusch's 2014 film Only Lovers Left Alive . On March 8, 2023, Sqürl announced its debut album Silver Haze and released lead single "Berlin '87". The album

8911-530: The box office and was mired in controversy, mostly over reported conflicts on the set between Smith and Willis. It was the last time Smith worked with a major studio, leading him to return to his independent film roots. In September 2010, Smith started work on Red State , an independently financed horror film loosely inspired by the Westboro Baptist Church and its pastor, Fred Phelps . Weinstein and his brother Bob , who had been involved in

9044-726: The course of the previous two decades. The first vignette, "Strange to Meet You", had been shot for and aired on Saturday Night Live in 1986, and paired Roberto Benigni with comedian Steven Wright . This had been followed three years later by "Twins", a segment featuring actors Steve Buscemi and Joie and Cinqué Lee , and then in 1993 with the Short Film Palme d'Or -winning "Somewhere in California", starring musicians Tom Waits and Iggy Pop . He followed Coffee and Cigarettes in 2005 with Broken Flowers , which starred Bill Murray as an early retiree who goes in search of

9177-628: The course, figuring he knew enough to proceed and wanting to save money for his first film. Smith moved back to New Jersey and got his old job back at a convenience store in Leonardo . He decided to set his film, Clerks , at the store, borrowing the a-day-in-the-life structure from the Spike Lee film Do the Right Thing . Smith maxed out more than a dozen credit cards, and sold his much-treasured comic book collection, to raise $ 27,575 to make

9310-464: The daily experiences of an inner-city bus driver and poet ( Adam Driver ) in Paterson, New Jersey , who shares the same name as the city. Paterson was inspired by objectivist American poet William Carlos Williams and his epic poem "Paterson ". The film features the wry, minimalist style found in Jarmusch's other works and earned 22 award nominations for Jarmusch, Driver and Nellie, the dog featured in

9443-534: The decades' films as "a backlash from the feminist movement." Philippa Gates wrote, "To punish women for their desire for equality, the buddy film pushes them out of the center of the narrative ... By making both protagonists men, the central issue of the film becomes the growth and development of their friendship. Women as potential love interests are thus eliminated from the narrative space." The buddy films of these decades were also hybridized with road movies . The decades' buddy films included Butch Cassidy and

9576-448: The declining appeal of his earlier films, the residuals from Weinstein-funded films may be lower than expected; he decided that he would instead donate $ 2,000 a month to Women in Film. Smith regularly casts the same actors in his film projects. Jason Mewes has been in nine of his films, his wife Jennifer Schwalbach Smith in eight and Ben Affleck in seven. In 1997, New Line Cinema hired Smith to rewrite Overnight Delivery , which

9709-471: The director was increasingly charged with repetitiveness and risk-aversion. A film appearance in 1989 as a used car dealer in the cult comedy Leningrad Cowboys Go America further solidified his interest and participation in the road movie genre. In 1991 Jarmusch appeared as himself in Episode One of John Lurie's cult television series Fishing With John . In 1995, Jarmusch released Dead Man ,

9842-522: The distribution of Smith's films except Mallrats and Cop Out , declined to support Red State . The film stars Michael Parks , John Goodman and Melissa Leo . Smith had said he would auction off rights to the $ 4 million film at a controversial event following its debut screening at Sundance but instead kept the rights to the film himself and self-distributed it under the SModcast Pictures banner. The January 2011 premiere drew protests from

9975-511: The events of the buddy film, they gain a stronger friendship and mutual respect. Buddy films often deal with crises of masculinity . American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia explains, "[Buddy films] offer male movie-going audiences an opportunity to indulge in a form of male bonding and behavior usually discouraged by social constraints." Ira Konigsberg wrote in The Complete Film Dictionary , "Such films extol

10108-408: The features of the buddy film genre, and is influenced by films like 48 Hrs. , The Defiant Ones , Lethal Weapon and Rush Hour . Other examples include Hardcastle and McCormick , in which a retired judge and his last defendant follow up on cases that were dismissed due to technicalities; CHiPs , the adventures of two California Highway Patrol motorcycle officers; and Voyagers! , in which

10241-536: The film business, and Smith's personal life. His second book, My Boring-Ass Life: The Uncomfortably Candid Diary of Kevin Smith , published by Titan Books , was another collection of previously published essays (this time blogs from Smith's website silentbobspeaks.com) and reached No. 32 on The New York Times Best Sellers List. Titan released Smith's third book, Shootin' the Sh*t with Kevin Smith: The Best of

10374-515: The film itself, because "I don't like looking at my films again--it's agony to me." Nothing is original. Steal from anywhere that resonates with inspiration or fuels your imagination. Devour old films, new films, music, books, paintings, photographs, poems, dreams, random conversations, architecture, bridges, street signs, trees, clouds, bodies of water, light and shadows. Select only things to steal from that speak directly to your soul. If you do this, your work (and theft) will be authentic. Authenticity

10507-431: The film review TV show Spoilers . As a podcaster, Smith cohosts several shows on his SModcast Podcast Network , including SModcast , Fatman Beyond , and the live show Hollywood Babble-On . He is known for participating in long, humorous Q&A sessions that are often filmed for DVD release, beginning with An Evening with Kevin Smith . Kevin Patrick Smith was born on August 2, 1970, in Red Bank, New Jersey ,

10640-703: The film to reduce Lopez's role to just a few scenes, but the film did poorly at the box office. Budgeted at $ 35 million, it earned $ 36 million. In the 2006 sequel Clerks II , Smith revisited the Dante and Randal characters from his first film. Roundly criticized before its release, the film won favorable reviews as well as two awards (the Audience Award at the Edinburgh Film Festival and the Orbit Dirtiest Mouth Award at

10773-496: The film was "an apt statement from Jarmusch, a filmmaker who continues to surprise and innovate while remaining true to his singular voice, and who here seems to have delivered its purest manifestation." Jarmusch wrote and directed his first horror film, the zombie comedy The Dead Don't Die featuring an ensemble cast which included performances from Bill Murray , Adam Driver , Chloë Sevigny , Steve Buscemi , Tilda Swinton , Carol Kane , and Selena Gomez . The film premiered at

10906-639: The film, while saving money by casting friends and acquaintances in most roles. Clerks was screened at the Sundance Film Festival in 1994, where it won the Filmmaker's Trophy. At a restaurant following the screening, Miramax executive Harvey Weinstein invited Smith to join him at his table, where he offered to buy the film. In May 1994, it went to the Cannes International Film Festival , where it won both

11039-568: The film. The story focuses on Paterson's poetry writing efforts, interspersed with his observations and experiences of the residents he encounters on his bus route and in his daily life. Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, writing: "A mild-mannered, almost startlingly undramatic work that offers discreet pleasures to longtime fans of the New York indie-scene veteran, who can always be counted on to go his own way." Eric Kohn, film critic of IndieWire wrote that

11172-495: The films have crossover plot elements, character references, and a shared canon known as the " View Askewniverse ", named after Smith's production company View Askew Productions , which he co-founded with Scott Mosier . Since 2011, Smith has mostly made horror films, including Red State (2011) and the comedy horror films Tusk (2014) and Yoga Hosers (2016), two in a planned series of three such films set in Canada dubbed

11305-470: The financial failure of Zack and Miri Make a Porno , which Smith blamed on a lack of marketing. Nonetheless, they continued to discuss potential funding for other Smith projects, and The Weinstein Company co-produced Smith's 2016 talk show Geeking Out . Smith named the independent production company he created for the 2011 film Red State "The Harvey Boys" in Weinstein's honor. Smith is considered one of

11438-444: The following year, with the intention of becoming a poet. At Columbia he studied English and American literature under professors including New York School avant garde poets Kenneth Koch and David Shapiro . At Columbia, he began to write short "semi-narrative abstract pieces" and edited the undergraduate literary journal The Columbia Review . During his final year studying at Columbia, Jarmusch moved to Paris for what

11571-477: The formative experience of showing his mentor his first script; Ray disapproved of its lack of action, to which Jarmusch responded after meditating on the critique by reworking the script to be even less eventful. On Jarmusch's return with the revised script, Ray reacted favourably to his student's dissent, citing approvingly the young student's obstinate independence. Jarmusch was the only person Ray brought to work—as his personal assistant—on Lightning Over Water ,

11704-459: The genre. The 1991 film Thelma & Louise featured a female pairing of Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon , and the 1993 film The Pelican Brief featured a male–female platonic pairing of Julia Roberts and Denzel Washington . The 1998 film Rush Hour featured a nonwhite male pairing of Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker , which the Los Angeles Times said symbolized color blindness in American cinema. Biracial buddy films continued in

11837-457: The genre: women in comedies, the law in films about outlaw buddies, and criminals in action films about cop buddies. The buddy film is more common to cinema in the United States than cinema in other Western countries , which tend to focus on male–female romantic relationships or an individual male hero. Film historian David Thomson observes that buddy films are rare among British and French films, "You just wouldn't see three Englishmen behave

11970-478: The individual roles in biracial buddy films are reversed. The "racial other... is too civilized" while the white man "is equipped for survival in... the urban landscape". The 1980s was a popular decade for action films , and the genre that "blended masculinity, heroism, and patriotism into an idealized image" was hybridized with buddy films. Following the Civil Rights Movement , black advancement

12103-665: The inventor Nikola Tesla , with the composer Phil Klein. I have a new film project that's really foremost for me that I hope to shoot early next year with Tilda Swinton and Michael Fassbender and Mia Wasikowska, who was Alice in Wonderland in Tim Burton's film. I don't have that quite financed yet, so I'm working on that. I'm also making music and hoping to maybe score some silent films to put out. Our band will have an EP that we'll give out at ATP. We have enough music for three EPs or an album. Jarmusch eventually attained funding for

12236-535: The keyboardist and one of two vocalists for The Del-Byzanteens , a No Wave band who released the LP Lies to Live By in 1982. Jarmusch is also featured on the album Wu-Tang Meets the Indie Culture (2005) in two interludes described by Sean Fennessy in a Pitchfork review of the album as both "bizarrely pretentious" and "reason alone to give it a listen". Jarmusch and Michel Gondry each contributed

12369-429: The limited series Batman: Cacophony , with art by friend Walt Flanagan , which ran from November 2008 to January 2009. The series featured the villains Onomatopoeia (a character created by Smith during his run at Green Arrow), The Joker , Maxie Zeus , and Victor Zsasz . The trade paperback of Batman: Cacophony became a New York Times Bestseller in their Hardcover Graphic Books section. In 2010, Smith wrote

12502-454: The mid-1990s, Smith directed and starred in a series of commercials for MTV, alongside Jason Mewes , in which they reprised their roles as Jay and Silent Bob . In 1998, he directed Mewes as "Gary Lamb – Ground Activist" in a series of Nike commercials. That same year, he shot commercials for Diet Coke. Two years later, he directed Star Wars toy commercials for Hasbro. He has directed and starred in commercials for Panasonic . In 2004, he shot

12635-477: The miniseries until the films were completed. He was announced as the writer of an ongoing Black Cat series and The Amazing Spider-Man in 2002, but because of the delays on Evil That Men Do and The Target , the plan was changed so that Smith would start a third Spider-Man title, launched in 2004 by Mark Millar instead. Spider-Man/Black Cat was completed in 2005, but Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target remains unfinished, with one issue published. Smith wrote

12768-635: The more comic buddy films of the era was Akira Kurosawa 's 1949 Japanese film Stray Dog , starring Toshirō Mifune and Takashi Shimura . It was a more serious police procedural film noir that served as a precursor to the buddy cop film genre. Throughout the 1960s and the 1970s, the feminist movement and "a widespread questioning" of social institutions influenced buddy films. The films explored male friendships more dramatically and encouraged individualism —particularly to be free from women and society. Critics like Molly Haskell and Robin Wood saw

12901-412: The mother of his unknown son in attempt to overcome a midlife crisis. Following the release of Broken Flowers , Jarmusch signed a deal with Fortissimo Films , whereby the distributor would fund and have "first-look" rights to the director's future films, and cover some of the overhead costs of his production company, Exoskeleton. The film premiered at the 58th Cannes Film Festival where it competed for

13034-416: The movie that made me think, 'Hey, I could be a filmmaker.' And I had never seen a movie like that before ever in my life." He assembled a library of independent filmmakers like Linklater, Jim Jarmusch , Spike Lee and Hal Hartley to draw from. Smith attended Vancouver Film School for four months, where he met longtime collaborators Scott Mosier and Dave Klein . Unlike them, Smith left halfway through

13167-486: The only reason they like me anymore is because I was involved with Seth! And now I fuckin' ruined that. It was like high school. I was like, 'I'm a dead man. I'll be the laughing stock.' It was announced in 2009 that Smith had signed on to direct A Couple of Dicks , a buddy-cop comedy written by the Cullen Brothers and starring Bruce Willis and Tracy Morgan . Due to controversy surrounding the original title, it

13300-485: The process. During the late 1970s in New York City, Jarmusch and his contemporaries were part of an no wave cultural scene centered on the CBGB music club which inspired the formation of his no wave band The Del-Byzanteens . In his final year at New York University, Jarmusch worked as an assistant to the film noir director Nicholas Ray , who was at that time teaching in the department. In an anecdote, Jarmusch recounted

13433-513: The retrospective of Samuel Fuller 's films, which I only knew from seeing a few of them on television late at night. When I came back from Paris, I was still writing, and my writing was becoming more cinematic in certain ways, more visually descriptive. Jarmusch graduated from Columbia University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1975. He was broke and working as a musician in New York City after returning from Paris in 1976. He applied on

13566-532: The same night in and around a small Memphis hotel, and Night on Earth (1991) involved five cab drivers and their passengers on rides in five different world cities, beginning at sundown in Los Angeles and ending at sunrise in Helsinki. Less bleak and somber than Jarmusch's earlier work, Mystery Train nevertheless retained the director's askance conception of America. He wrote Night on Earth in about

13699-411: The script for a film called Moose Jaws , which he described as " Jaws with a moose", and which is planned to be the third film in his True North trilogy. Smith wrote and directed one segment, Halloween , of the 2016 horror anthology film Holidays , in which each segment takes place during a different holiday. In June 2017, Smith started shooting KillRoy Was Here , a horror film based on

13832-455: The script for a spin-off of the film, which he titled Yoga Hosers . The film began filming in August 2014, and was released in 2016. It stars Smith's daughter, Harley Quinn Smith , and Lily-Rose Depp , reprising their two minor characters from Tusk , with Johnny Depp playing his inspector character from the earlier film. Smith revealed at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con that he had written

13965-465: The seven-year completion time frame at the former: "The reason it took so long is that no one wanted to give us the money. It took years to put it together. Its (sic) getting more and more difficult for films that are a little unusual, or not predictable, or don't satisfy people's expectations of something." The film's budget was US$ 7 million and its UK release date was February 21, 2014. Jarmusch wrote and directed Paterson in 2016. The film follows

14098-625: The son of Grace (née Schultz), a homemaker, and Donald E. Smith (1936–2003), a postal worker . He has two siblings: an older sister, Virginia, and an older brother, Donald Jr. He was raised in a Catholic household in the nearby clamming town of Highlands . Smith's childhood was scheduled around his father's late shifts at the post office. His father grew to despise his job, which greatly influenced Smith, who remembers his father finding it difficult on some days to get up and go to work. Smith vowed never to work at something that he did not enjoy. Smith attended Henry Hudson Regional High School , where he

14231-480: The talkers to protect the code). Szeto explains, "Woo uses the twin buddy pairs to explore the shifting meanings and multiple possibilities in interracial bonding, rather than simply recuperating and empowering dominant positions for white heterosexual men." Lethal Weapon was adapted into a television series which ran from 2016 to 2019. The 2021 series The Falcon and the Winter Soldier has many of

14364-419: The title characters who decide to make a low-budget pornographic film to solve their money problems. It was released on October 31, 2008, and ran into many conflicts getting an "R" rating. Rogen said: It's a really filthy movie. I hear they are having some problems getting an R rating from an NC-17 rating, which is never good. They [fight against] sex stuff. Isn't that weird? It's really crazy to me that Hostel

14497-445: The two started playing together as part of their developing friendship. Van Wissem explained in early April 2014: "I know the way [Jarmusch] makes his films is kind of like a musician. He has music in his head when he's writing a script so it's more informed by a tonal thing than it is by anything else." In 2014, Jarmusch shunned the " auteur theory " and likened the filmmaking process to human sexual reproduction: I put 'A film by' as

14630-430: The virtues of male comradeship and relegate male–female relationships to a subsidiary position." A female buddy film is similar to a buddy film except that the main characters are women, and it is centered on their situation. The cast may be mainly female depending on the plot. There are far fewer female buddy films than there are male buddy films; however, notable examples include 1991's Thelma and Louise , which had

14763-538: The way American men do, who are truly happiest when they are together with other men." Portrayal of male bonding in the United States traces back to 19th-century author Mark Twain 's characters Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer as a "good boy–bad boy combo", as well as Huck Finn and the slave Jim in Twain's 1884 novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . Vaudeville acts in early 20th-century United States often featured male pairs. Another example could be 1881's The Prince and

14896-569: The way that some music does, unheard until it's too late to get it out of one's head." During a 1989 interview Jarmusch commented on his narrative focus, "I'd rather make a movie about a guy walking his dog than about the emperor of China." In 1980, Jarmusch's film Permanent Vacation won the Josef von Sternberg Award at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg. In 1999, he was laureate of

15029-471: The writer-directors whose career Weinstein nurtured, a group that also includes Quentin Tarantino and David O. Russell . Smith severed professional ties with Weinstein when he was informed of his assault on Rose McGowan. Soon after allegations of rape and sexual assault by Weinstein publicly surfaced in October 2017, Smith said on Twitter that he was "ashamed" of his relationship with Weinstein. On his Hollywood Babble-On podcast, he said: "My entire career

15162-653: Was " Red State is an audacious and brash affair that ultimately fails to provide competent scares or thrills." In April 2011, Smith said that Red State had made its budget back by making $ 1 million on the first leg of the tour, $ 1.5 million from a handful of foreign sales and $ 3 million from a domestic distribution deal for VOD. Smith had said before Red State that he would soon retire from directing, and announced that his last movie would be Clerks III . In December 2013, he said he would continue to make films, but only ones that were uniquely his, as opposed to generic ones "anybody could make". In 2013, Smith directed Tusk ,

15295-499: Was "to approximate real time for the audience." His early work is marked by a brooding, contemplative tone, featuring extended silent scenes and prolonged still shots. He has experimented with a vignette format in three films that were either released, or begun around, the early 1990s: Mystery Train, Night on Earth and Coffee and Cigarettes . The Salt Lake Tribune critic Sean P. Means wrote that Jarmusch blends "film styles and genres with sharp wit and dark humor", while his style

15428-401: Was a B and C student, videotaped basketball games, and produced Saturday Night Live -style sketch comedy . An overweight teen, he developed into a comedic observer of life to socialize with friends and girls. After high school, Smith attended The New School in New York City, but did not graduate. Smith met Jason Mewes while working at a youth center; they became friends after discovering

15561-624: Was a reviewer of film and theatre for the Akron Beacon Journal before marrying his father, a businessman of Czech and German descent who worked for the B.F. Goodrich Company . She introduced Jarmusch to cinema by leaving him at a local theater to watch matinee double features such as Attack of the Crab Monsters and Creature From the Black Lagoon while she ran errands. The first adult film he recalls seeing

15694-599: Was added to the National Film Registry in December 2002. As a musician, he has been part of the no wave band The Del-Byzanteens and in addition composed music for some of his films. He has released three musical albums with Jozef van Wissem . Jarmusch was born in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio , the second of three children of middle-class suburbanites. His mother, of German and Irish descent,

15827-420: Was also reflected in more common biracial pairings. In this decade, the buddy cop film took the place of the buddy road movie. Action films with biracial pairings include the 1982 film 48 Hours starring Eddie Murphy and Nick Nolte and the 1987 film Lethal Weapon starring Mel Gibson and Danny Glover . Another combination of the action film and the buddy film in the 1980s and another biracial reversal

15960-453: Was an avid reader in his youth and acquired an enthusiasm for film. He had an even greater interest in literature which was encouraged by his grandmother. Though he refused to attend church with his Episcopalian parents (not liking "the idea of sitting in a stuffy room wearing a little tie"), Jarmusch credits literature with shaping his metaphysical beliefs and leading him to reconsider theology in his mid-teens. From his peers, he developed

16093-411: Was changed to A Couple of Cops , then reverted to its original title due to negative reaction, before finally settling on the title Cop Out . The film, shot from June to August 2009, involves a pair of veteran cops tracking down a stolen vintage baseball card, and was released on February 26, 2010, to poor reviews; it was the first film Smith directed but did not write. Cop Out opened at number two at

16226-549: Was criticized by the Catholic League . The film debuted at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival , out of competition. Released on 800 screens in November 1999, the $ 10 million film earned $ 30 million. Smith then focused the spotlight on the two characters who had appeared in supporting roles in his previous four films. Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back featured an all-star cast, with many familiar faces returning from those four films. Affleck and Damon appear as themselves filming

16359-522: Was expected to be a blockbuster teen film. Smith's then-girlfriend Joey Lauren Adams almost took the role of Ivy in the movie, instead of the female lead in Chasing Amy . Eventually, she lost out to Reese Witherspoon , and Overnight Delivery was quietly released directly to video in April 1998. Smith was not credited for his contributions. He has said that the only scene that really used his dialogue

16492-511: Was initially a summer semester on an exchange program, but turned into 10 months. He worked as a delivery driver for an art gallery and spent most of his time at the Cinémathèque Française . That's where I saw things I had only read about and heard about—films by many of the good Japanese directors, like Imamura , Ozu , Mizoguchi . Also, films by European directors like Bresson and Dreyer , and even American films, like

16625-498: Was produced on a budget of approximately $ 125,000 and released in 1984 to much critical acclaim. A deadpan comedy recounting a strange journey of three disillusioned youths from New York through Cleveland to Florida, the film broke many conventions of traditional Hollywood filmmaking. It was awarded the Camera d'Or at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival as well as the 1985 National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film , and became

16758-435: Was released on May 5 by Sacred Bones Records . Dutch lute composer Jozef van Wissem also collaborated with Jarmusch on the soundtrack of Only Lovers Left Alive , and the pair also plays in a duo. Jarmusch first met van Wissem on a street in New York City's SoHo neighborhood in 2007, at which time the lute player handed the director a CD. Several months later, Jarmusch asked van Wissem to send his catalog of recordings and

16891-457: Was six issues long, but problems arose when the third issue was published two months after the initially scheduled release date. As a result, the final issues were delayed for at least three years, prompting Marvel to release an "in case you missed it" reprinting of the first three issues as one book before the remaining issues were released. The delay in part was due to Smith's work on Jersey Girl and Clerks II , causing him to shelve completion of

17024-468: Was the highest-grossing Indian film of all time. Biracial buddy films emerged in the 1970s and 1980s; Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder initiated the movement with Silver Streak (1976) and Stir Crazy (1980). Eddie Murphy was a key actor in biracial buddy films, starring in 48 Hours (1982) with Nick Nolte and in Trading Places (1983) with Dan Aykroyd . Throughout the 1980s,

17157-642: Was the 1958 cult classic Thunder Road , the violence and darkness of which left an impression on the seven-year-old Jarmusch. Another B-movie influence from his childhood was Ghoulardi , an eccentric Cleveland television show which featured horror films. The key, I think, to Jim, is that he went gray when he was 15... As a result, he always felt like an immigrant in the teenage world. He's been an immigrant—a benign, fascinated foreigner—ever since. And all his films are about that. — Tom Waits , as quoted in The New York Times , 2005. Jarmusch

17290-455: Was the 1988 film Die Hard in which Bruce Willis 's heroic character John McClane is supported by the black cop Al (played by Reginald VelJohnson ). In the early 1990s, the masculine figure in films became more sensitive, and some buddy films "contemplated a masculinity that required sensitive relations between men". Such films included The Fisher King (1991) and The Shawshank Redemption (1994). The decade also saw new approaches to

17423-404: Was the opening scene, which includes a reference to longtime Smith friend Bryan Johnson . Smith was an uncredited screenwriter on the 2000 comedy-drama film Coyote Ugly . Smith has been a regular contributor to Arena magazine. In 2005, Miramax Books released Smith's first book, Silent Bob Speaks , a collection of previously published essays (most from Arena ) dissecting pop culture,

17556-521: Was thematically expansive and of an often violent and progressively more surreal character. The film was shot in black and white by Robby Müller, and features a score composed and performed by Neil Young , for whom Jarmusch subsequently filmed the tour documentary Year of the Horse , released to tepid reviews in 1997. Though ill-received by mainstream American reviewers, Dead Man found much favor internationally and among critics, many of whom lauded it as

17689-399: Was unimpressed with Jarmusch's use of his funding as well as the project itself and refused to award him a degree. Jarmusch's final year university project was completed in 1980 as Permanent Vacation , his first feature film. It had its premiere at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg (formerly known as Filmweek Mannheim) and won the Josef von Sternberg Award. It was made on

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