39-632: Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah Bahadur GCIE KCSI (7 June 1871 – 16 January 1915) was the fourth Nawab of Dhaka and one of the leading Muslim politicians during the British rule in India . On 30 December 1906, the All-India Muslim League was officially founded at the educational conference held in Dhaka . The convention was held at Ahsan Manzil , the official residence of
78-621: A commemorative postage stamp to honor him in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series in 1990. Khwaja Salimullah was the eldest son of the third Nawab of Dhaka, Sir Khwaja Ahsanullah and his first wife Nawab Begum Wahidunnesa. He was the grandson of Nawab of Dhaka , Sir Khwaja Abdul Ghani . Nawab Khwaja Salimullah was born at the Ahsan Manzil Palace on 7 June 1871. Khwaja Salimullah was also a member of Bengal Legislative Assembly from 1913 till his death in Calcutta on 16 January 1915 at
117-714: A dispatch from Salimullah to various Muslim leaders around India urging them to form an all-India political party he called Muslim All India Confederacy, and leaders of the Aligarh Movement requested him to convene the 20th meeting of the All India Mohammedan Educational Conference at his own cost. Over two thousand people covering Muslim leaders from all over India gathered at the Nawab's family garden-house in Shahbag, Dhaka for
156-717: A meeting at the Ahsan Manzil , he presided over a decision to maintain the provincial Muslim League and provincial Educational Conference separate for political and educational activities. On 2 March 1912, Salimullah chaired a meeting at which the two Muslim Leagues of the Bengal were combined into the Presidency Muslim League and the two Muslim Associations were combined into the Bengal Presidency Muslim Association. Salimullah
195-637: A meeting of Muslim leaders from all over East Bengal in Northbrook Hall where a political front called Mohammedan Provincial Union was formed. With others of the front, Salimullah organized meetings around East Bengal in favor of the partition, while the Congress built up a movement to oppose it. On 14 and 15 April 1906, Salimullah organized and was named president at the first convention of East Bengal and Assam Provincial Educational Conference at Shahbag , Dhaka . Later that year, newspapers published
234-679: A nawab's wife is begum . Most of the nawab dynasties were male primogenitures , although several ruling Begums of Bhopal were a notable exception. Before the incorporation of the Subcontinent into the British Empire , nawabs ruled the kingdoms of Awadh (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzerainty and assume the imperial style of Badshah), Bengal, Arcot and Bhopal. All of these states were at some point under
273-674: A position he held until he departed in 1895 to start his business in Mymensingh. In 1901 he inherited the position as the head of the Dhaka Nawab Family following his father's death. In 1903–04, Nawab Salimullah began supporting the partition of Bengal in the face of opposition of the Indian National Congress . On 16 October 1905, the day the Bengal Province was parted, Salimullah presided over
312-674: A role in bringing freedom to Bangladesh. Khawaja Tofeal Ahmed was a member of Awami league and was elected as Dhaka's MP in 1971 but unfortunately he was shot in front of his greenhouse on 18th Feb 1972. Other family members also became prominent political figures. Several places in Bangladesh have been dedicated in Sir Salimullah's name. They include most notably the following: In 1990 the Pakistani government launched commemorative postage stamps honouring Sir Salimullah as one of
351-624: Is a British Raj -era building and the home of the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Dhaka , located in Shahbagh . The building was originally intended to be a town hall and is named after Lord Curzon , the Viceroy of India who laid its foundation stone in 1904. Upon the establishment of Dacca University in 1921, it became the base of the university's science faculty. In 1904 it
390-497: Is probably the best known example in fiction. From this specific usage it came to be sometimes used for ostentatiously rich businesspeople in general. "Nabob" can also be used metaphorically for people who have a grandiose sense of their own importance, as in the famous alliterative dismissal of the news media as " nattering nabobs of negativism " in a speech that was delivered by Nixon 's vice president Spiro Agnew and written by William Safire . Curzon Hall Curzon Hall
429-476: The Arabic honorific plural of naib , or "deputy." In some areas, especially Bengal , the term is pronounced nobab . This later variation has also entered English and other foreign languages as nabob . The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan , Bakhshi , Faujdar , Kotwal , Qazi , Sadr , Waqa-i-Navis , Qanungo and Patwari . As
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#1732766105613468-514: The Bengali pronunciation of "nawab": Bengali : নবাব nôbab . During the 18th century in particular, it was widely used as a disparaging term for British merchants or administrators who, having made a fortune in India, returned to Britain and aspired to be recognised as having the higher social status that their new wealth would enable them to maintain. Jos Sedley in Thackeray's Vanity Fair
507-660: The British Raj , some of the chiefs, or sardars , of large or important tribes were also given the title, in addition to traditional titles already held by virtue of chieftainship. The term " Zamindari " was originally used for the subahdar (provincial governor) or viceroy of a subah (province) or regions of the Mughal Empire. Nawab was a Hindustani term, used in Urdu , Hindi , Bengali , Pashto and many other North-Indian languages, borrowed via Persian from
546-695: The Dhaka Nawab Family . Sir Salimullah was a key patron of education for the Eastern Bengal. He was one of the founders of the University of Dhaka and the prestigious Ahsanullah School of Engineering (now the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology ). Sir Salimullah was a staunch supporter of the Partition of Bengal and was a member of East Bengal and Assam Legislative Council from 1906 to 1907. Salimullah began his career in government service in 1893 as Deputy Magistrate,
585-594: The Malaysian variant ) to translate the component of "deputy" or "vice" in certain titles (e.g "Vice President" - Naib Presiden ) aside from timbalan and wakil (latter predominant in the Indonesian variant ). In colloquial usage in English (since 1612), adopted in other Western languages, the transliteration "nabob" refers to commoners: a merchant-leader of high social status and wealth. "Nabob" derives from
624-480: The Mughal empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many subahs became effectively independent. The term nawaab is often used to refer to any Muslim ruler in north or south India while the term nizam is preferred for a senior official; it literally means "governor of region". The Nizam of Hyderabad had several nawabs under him: Nawabs of Cuddapah, Sira, Rajahmundry, Kurnool, Chicacole, et al. Nizam
663-810: The Ottoman Empire , successive early modern Persianate kingdoms ( Safavids , etc.), and in the eastern Caucasus (e.g. during Caucasian Imamate ). In the Sultanate of Morocco , the Naib was the Sultan's emissary to the foreign legations in Tangier between 1848 and 1923, when the creation of the Tangier International Zone led to its replacement by the office of the Mendoub . Today,
702-542: The partition of Bengal was finalized, a new province called East Bengal and Assam was formed with Dhaka as its capital. As a result, the importance of Curzon Hall increased at that time. The construction of Curzon Hall was completed in 1908. After the abolition of the Partition of Bengal in 1911, Dhaka College classes started in Curzon Hall. After the establishment of the University of Dhaka in 1921, Curzon Hall
741-758: The All Bengal Muslim League, formed newly Kolkata . In 1908, he became the secretary of the newly established East Bengal and Assam Provincial Muslim League, becoming president in 1909. He served as the chairman at the 22nd Convention of the All India Mohammedan Educational Conference at Amritsar in December 1908. In 1909, he led people of wealth in the newly formed province to form the Imperial League of Eastern Bengal and Assam. In March 1911, at
780-486: The Mughal emperor along with the administration of a certain province. The title of "nawabi" was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similar to a British peerage , to persons and families who ruled a princely state for various services to the Government of India . In some cases, the titles were also accompanied by jagir grants, either in cash revenues and allowances or land-holdings. During
819-634: The Muslim Education Conference of United Bengal. Along with his continued championing of education, Salimullah's last focuses before withdrawing from active politics in 1914 included situations involving Turkey. In 1912, he raised money from East Bengal to assist Turkish Muslims threatened by the Balkan wars . During World War I , however, he supported the Allied Powers after Turkey aligned with Germany. Pakistan Post issued
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#1732766105613858-510: The Nawabs of Dhanbari, Nawabs of Ratanpur, Nawabs of Baroda and such others. Nawab was also the rank title—again not an office—of a much lower class of Muslim nobles—in fact retainers—at the court of the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar State, ranking only above Khan Bahadur and Khan, but under (in ascending order) Jang , Daula , Mulk , Umara and Jah ; the equivalent for Hindu courtiers
897-713: The Pioneers of Freedom. In 1993 the Bangladeshi government launched a commemorative postage stamp in honour of Sir Salimullah. Nawab Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the western title of Prince . The relationship of a Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kings of Saxony to the German Emperor . In earlier times
936-761: The age of 43. Several of Nawab Sir Salimullah's descendants went on to become prominent politicians in the later days of the British Raj and in Pakistan. They include one of his sons Khwaja Nasrullah who was the Governor of Calcutta, his grandson Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin who was the second Prime Minister of Pakistan , his grandson Khwaja Hassan Askari who became a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan and also another grandson of his and The 5th Nawab's 3rd son Nawabzada Khawaja Tofeal Ahmed. He had played
975-535: The authority of the Nawab of Rohilkhand, later made the Nawab of Rampur. Most of these states were annexed at the close of the First Rohilla War . The title nawab was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a British peerage , to persons and families who never ruled a princely state. For the Muslim elite various Mughal-type titles were introduced, including nawab. Among
1014-795: The conference held between 27 and 30 December 1906. On the last day, the assembly formed the All India Muslim League , appointing Nawab Salimullah the Vice President and placing him on a committee to craft its constitution. Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar wrote the constitution of All-India Muslim League . Two years later, in December 1908, Salimullah would speak out for free speech in educational institutes and also rights for Muslims to separate elections. Throughout these years, Salimullah held positions of authority in several leagues and conferences and continued to speak out on important political issues. In 1907, he became president of
1053-465: The interest of Muslims. In response, a pledge was made to establish a university at Dhaka and to provide for Muslims an education officer, which pledge led to the inclusion of an Islamic Studies Department in Dhaka University . Salimullah continued afterwards to champion this cause, making speeches to counter those who argued against it and, in 1914, organizing a convention on 11–12 April for
1092-408: The noted British creations of this type were Nawab Hashim Ali Khan (1858–1940), Nawab Khwaja Abdul Ghani (1813–1896), Nawab Abdul Latif (1828–1893), Nawab Faizunnesa Choudhurani (1834–1904), Nawab Ali Chowdhury (1863–1929), Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda (1862–1922), Nawab Sirajul Islam (1848–1923), Nawab Alam yar jung Bahadur , M.A, Madras, B.A., B.C.L., Barr-At-Law (1890–1974). There also were
1131-482: The only languages to be used to address the assembly, which was protested within the assembly on the grounds that the majority of the people spoke Bangla and not Urdu. Students of the university objected instantly to the actions of the Constituent Assembly, and it was in Curzon Hall that they declared their opposition to the state language policy. The Botanical Garden of the university is located on
1170-409: The other sons of the ruling nawab used the style sahibzada before the personal name and only Khan Abassi behind. "Nawabzadi" implies daughters of the reigning nawbab. Elsewhere, there were rulers who were not styled nawbab yet awarded a title nawabzada to others. The word naib ( Arabic : نائب ) has been historically used to refer to any suzerain leader, feudatory , or regent in some parts of
1209-453: The powers that went with it, became hereditary in the ruling families in the various provinces. Under later British rule, nawabs continued to rule various princely states of Amb , Bahawalpur , Balasinor , Baoni , Banganapalle , Bhopal , Cambay , Jaora , Junagadh , Kurnool (the main city of Deccan), Kurwai , Mamdot, Multan , Palanpur , Pataudi , Radhanpur , Rampur , Malerkotla , Sachin , and Tonk . Other former rulers bearing
Khwaja Salimullah - Misplaced Pages Continue
1248-582: The title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal emperor to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of subdivisions or princely states in the Indian subcontinent loyal to the Mughal Empire , for example the Nawabs of Bengal . "Nawab" usually refers to males and literally means Viceroy ; the female equivalent is " Begum " or " Nawab Begum ". The primary duty of a Nawab was to uphold the sovereignty of
1287-485: The title, such as the nawabs of Bengal and Awadh , had been deprived by the British or others by the time the Mughal dynasty finally ended in 1857. Some princes became nawab by promotion. For example, the ruler of Palanpur was "diwan" until 1910, then "nawab sahib". Other nawabs were promoted are restyled to another princely style, or to and back, such as in Rajgarh a single rawat (rajah) went by nawab. The style for
1326-480: The word is used to refer to directly elected legislators in lower houses of parliament in many Arabic-speaking areas to contrast them against officers of upper houses (or Shura ). The term Majlis al-Nuwwab ( Arabic : مجلس النواب , literally council of deputies ) has been adopted as the name of several legislative lower houses and unicameral legislatures. "Naib" has also been used in the Malay language (especially of
1365-549: Was Raja Bahadur . This style, adding the Persian suffix -zada which means son (or other male descendants; see other cases in prince), etymologically fits a nawab’s sons, but in actual practice various dynasties established other customs. For example, in Bahawalpur only the nawbab's heir apparent used nawabzada before his personal name, then Khan Abassi , finally Wali Ahad Bahadur (an enhancement of Wali Ehed), while
1404-502: Was decided to shift Dhaka College to Nimatoli. Therefore, it is planned to construct this building as a college library near the proposed site for relocation. As a library, the building was named after the Governor General of British India, Lord Curzon , by the princes of Bhawal Estate who paid 0.15 million rupees. On February 19 of the same year, Lord Curzon came to Dhaka and laid its foundation stone. The following year, as
1443-477: Was his personal title, awarded by the Mughal Government and based on the term nazim as meaning "senior officer". Nazim is still used for a district collector in many parts of India. The term nawab is still technically imprecise, as the title was also awarded to Hindus and Sikhs , as well, and large zamindars and not necessarily to all Muslim rulers. With the decline of that empire, the title, and
1482-417: Was made president of both the organisations. In August 1911, Salimullah demanded a university for Dhaka at a function at a political function at Curzon Hall , but it was not until after the shock of the annulment of the partition by George V on 12 December 1911 that Salimullah was able to achieve this goal. Within days of the annulment, Salimullah submitted a list of demands to Viceroy Lord Hardinge to protect
1521-558: Was transferred to the university and it included in the science department of the university. During the Bengali Language Movement , 1948–1956, Curzon Hall was the location of various significant events. After the Partition of India in 1947 that formed the country of Pakistan , Urdu was chosen to be the sole state language . In 1948, the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan chose Urdu and English as
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