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77-493: See the newly discovered archaelogical site of Al-Natah . Before the advent of Islam in the 7th century CE , indigenous Arabs and Jews made up the population of Khaybar, but when Jewish settlement in northern Arabia began is unknown. In 567, Khaybar was invaded and purged of its Jewish inhabitants by the Ghassanid Arab Christian king Al-Harith ibn Jabalah . He later freed the captives upon his return to

154-624: A British general who commanded the Arab Legion , claimed in his 1957 autobiography A Soldier with the Arabs that he convinced the Legion to arm and train the fedayeen for free. Between 1951 and 1956, 400 Israelis were killed and 900 wounded by fedayeen attacks. The Palestine Liberation Organization was founded in 1964. At its first convention in Cairo , hundreds of Palestinians met to "call for

231-476: A Jew who showed the Muslims the secret entrances to one of the fortresses. The castles of Khaybar had tunnels and passages, which in wartime enabled the besieged to reach water sources outside the castles. Between 16 and 18 Muslims and 93 Jews were killed. Captives of war and slaves from other countries were brought to Khaybar, and the people of Hejaz became more accustomed to agriculture. Jews continued to live in

308-630: A Palestinian, other than the attacker was killed, and 21 were wounded. During this period, the Abu Nidal Organization became subsumed by infighting and mass executed hundreds of its members and their families during 1987–1988. The number of executed is estimated at 600 people, mostly Palestinians, across several separate locations in Syria, Lebanon and Libya. The years between the intifadas were marked by intense diplomatic activity between Israel and Palestinians, who were represented by

385-572: A bloody coup. Palestinian militant groups in the Gaza strip increased the firing of Qassam rockets , mortars and Grad missiles on southern Israel. Attacks continued outside the Gaza Strip perimeter, including the attack that resulted in the Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit being captured and held in the Gaza Strip for over five years. Hamas has made use of guerrilla tactics in the Gaza Strip and to

462-423: A ceremony at his Muqataa compound. Prisoners Affairs Minister Qaraqi called on Palestinians for a day of celebration. The rally in honor of the dead will be attended by PA President Mahmoud Abbas, PLO leaders, and families of the dead militants. The dead are considered martyrs by Palestinians, but viewed as terrorists by Israelis. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas has been accused of incitement to violence, on

539-646: A further 280,000–360,000 Palestinians became refugees , and the remaining Palestinian territories were also occupied from Jordan and from Egypt , and later began to be settled by Jewish and Israeli settlers , while the Palestinians were placed under military administration . While historically, Palestinian militancy was fragmented into several groups, the PLO led, and eventually united, most factions, while conducting military campaigns that varied from airplane hijackings, militant operations and civil protest. In 1987,

616-560: A kindergarten, all located in residential areas. The UN fact finding mission stated that this constituted a deliberate attack against the civilian population and was unjustifiable in international law. In 2012, terror attacks against Israelis in the West Bank increased compared to 2011. The number of terror attacks in the West Bank increased from 320 in 2011 to 578 in 2012. The attacks mainly involved rock throwing, Molotov cocktails , firearms and explosives. In 2013, Hamas stated that

693-518: A lesser degree the West Bank. Hamas has adapted these techniques over the years since its inception. According to a 2006 report by rival Fatah party, Hamas had smuggled "between several hundred and 1,300 tons" of advanced rockets, along with other weaponry, into Gaza. Some Israelis and some Gazans both noted similarities in Hamas's military buildup to that of Hezbollah in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war. Hamas has used IEDs and anti-tank rockets against

770-835: A mass revolt of predominantly civil resistance, called the First Intifada , exploded, leading to the Madrid Conference of 1991 , and subsequently to the Oslo I Accord , which produced an interim understanding allowing a new Palestinian authority, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) to exercise limited autonomy in 3% (later 17%) of the West Bank , and parts of the Gaza Strip not used or earmarked for Israeli settlement. In order to derail

847-589: A music festival and in kibbutz Be'eri and take hostages in Southern Israel back to the Gaza Strip . In total, 1,139 civilians, IDF soldiers and foreign nationals were killed in Israel , making this the deadliest attack by Hamas militants since the foundation of Israel in 1948. The Hamas-led attack marked the beginning of the ongoing Israel–Hamas war . In 2011, Israeli PM Benyamin Netanyahu stated that

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924-733: A regular tactic, particularly by Hamas and Islamic Jihad. Attacks during this period include the Beit Lid massacre , a double-suicide bombing at a crowded junction that killed 21 people and the Dizengoff Center massacre , a suicide bombing outside a Tel Aviv shopping mall that killed 13 people. The Second Intifada (2000–2005) witnessed a significant increase in Palestinian political violence, including many suicide bombings , which predominantly targeted Israeli civilians. According to B'Tselem , as of July 10, 2005, over 400 members of

1001-529: A series of aircraft hijackings, bombings and kidnappings which culminated in the killings of Israeli athletes during the 1972 Munich Olympic Games . The military superiority of Israel led Palestinian fighters to employ guerrilla tactics from bases in Jordan and Lebanon. In the wake of the Six-Day War , confrontations between Palestinian guerrillas in Jordan and government forces became a major problem within

1078-709: Is the uprooting of the Zionist entity from our land and liberating it. Due to Israel's defeat of Arab armies in the Six-Day War , the Palestinian leadership came to the conclusion that the Arab world was unable to challenge Israel militarily in open warfare. Simultaneously, the Palestinians drew lessons from movements and uprisings in Latin America, North Africa and Southeast Asia which led them to move away from guerilla warfare in rural areas towards terrorist attacks in urban environments with an international reach. This led to

1155-619: The 1920 Nebi Musa riots , the Jaffa riots of 1921, the 1929 Palestine riots and the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine (which was suppressed by British security forces and led to the deaths of approximately 5,000 Palestinians). After the passing of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine in 1947 which called for the establishment of independent Arab and Jewish States , a Palestinian Civil War broke out. On

1232-579: The Arab–Israeli conflict , especially during the Second Intifada from 2000 to 2005, Palestinian militant groups used children for suicide bombings . Minors were recruited to attack Israeli targets, both military and civilian. This deliberate involvement of children in armed conflict was condemned by international human rights organizations. According to Amnesty International : "Palestinian armed groups have repeatedly shown total disregard for

1309-580: The Balfour Declaration , which proposed Palestine as a homeland for the Jewish people, and its implementation under a League of Nations Mandate for Great Britain , Palestinians, both Muslim and Christian, from November 1918 onwards, began to organize in opposition to Zionism . By the end of Ottoman rule, the Jewish population of Palestine was 56,000 or one-sixth of the population. Hostility to Jewish immigration led to numerous incidents such as

1386-986: The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine , the Abu Nidal Organization, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad , and Hamas . Several of these groups are considered terrorist organizations by the governments of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, New Zealand and the European Union . Palestinian political violence has targeted Israelis, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jordanians, Egyptians, Americans, and citizens of other countries. Attacks have taken place both within Israel and

1463-527: The Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing ), was launched against Israel and elicited a military response. A suicide bombing dubbed the Passover Massacre (30 Israeli civilians were killed at Park hotel, Netanya ) climaxed a bloody month of March 2002, in which more than 130 Israelis, mostly civilians, were killed in attacks. Israel launched Operation Defensive Shield . The operation led to

1540-683: The Haganah which were predominantly defensive in the 1920s. During the Arab Revolt in the 1936–1939 period, violence was coordinated and organized by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and was directed against both Jews and the British. Due to the rising level of Arab violence, the Haganah started to pursue an offensive strategy. Throughout the period 1949–56 the Egyptian government opposed

1617-574: The IDF in Gaza. The latter include standard RPG-7 warheads and home-made rockets such as the Al-Bana , Al- Batar and Al- Yasin . The IDF has a difficult, if not impossible time trying to find hidden weapons caches in Palestinian areas – this is due to the high local support base Hamas enjoys. During the Gaza War (2008–09) , Palestinian militant groups fired rockets aimed at civilian targets which struck

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1694-626: The Levant . A brief account of the campaign is given by Ibn Qutaybah , which may also be mentioned in the sixth-century Harran inscription . As late as the 7th century, Khaybar was still inhabited by Jews, who pioneered the cultivation of the oasis. In 627, Muhammad ordered the Expedition of Fadak to attack the Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr tribe because Muhammad received intelligence they were planning to help

1771-875: The Munich Olympics massacre (1972), the hijacking of several civilian airliners (some were thwarted, see for example: Entebbe Operation ), the Savoy Hotel attack , the Zion Square explosive refrigerator and the Coastal Road massacre . During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Israel suffered attacks from PLO bases in Lebanon, such as the Avivim school bus massacre in 1970, the Maalot massacre in 1974 (where Palestinian militants massacred 21 school children) and

1848-686: The Nahariya attack led by Samir Kuntar in 1979, as well as a terrorist bombing by Ziad Abu Ein that killed two Israeli 16-year-olds and left 36 other youths wounded during the Lag BaOmer celebration in Tiberias. Following the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon , called " Operation Peace for Galilee " by the IDF, and the exile of the PLO to Tunis , Israel had a relatively quiet decade. The First Intifada

1925-476: The Palestinian Authority -controlled city of Ramallah in the West Bank . The brutality of the event, captured in a photo of a Palestinian rioter proudly waving his blood-stained hands to the crowd below, sparked international outrage and further intensified the ongoing conflict between Israeli and Palestinian forces. A spate of suicide bombings and attacks, aimed mostly at civilians (such as

2002-614: The Palestinian Legislative Council , prompting the United States and many European countries to cut off all funds to Hamas and the Palestinian Authority , insisting that Hamas must recognize Israel, renounce violence and accept previous peace pacts. After the Israel's unilateral disengagement plan in 2005 and the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections Hamas took control over all the Gaza Strip in June 2007 in

2079-464: The Palestinian territories as well as internationally and have been directed at both military and civilian targets. Tactics have included hostage taking, plane hijacking , boat hijacking, stone and improvised weapon throwing, improvised explosive device (IED), knife attacks , shooting sprees , vehicle-ramming attacks , car bombs and assassinations. In the 1990s, groups seeking to disrupt

2156-566: The Tel Aviv Jerusalem bus 405 . He walked up to the driver and pulled the wheel to the right, driving the vehicle into a ravine, killing 16 people. The end of the intifada also saw the first use of suicide bombing as a tactic by Palestinian militants. On April 16, 1993, Hamas carried out the Mehola Junction bombing , in which operative Saher Tamam al-Nabulsi detonated his explosives-laden car between two buses. One person,

2233-415: The declaration of the state of Israel , May 15, 1948, a full-scale war , involving also the intervention of neighbouring Arab states, took place, with casualties of 6,000 Israelis and, according to the 1958 survey by Arif al-Arif , 13,000 Palestinians and the exodus , through expulsion, or panicked flight, of approximately 700,000 Arab Palestinians who subsequently became refugees. In the Six-Day War ,

2310-468: The "kidnapping of IDF soldiers to trade for Palestinian prisoners is at the heart of Palestinian culture". On October 7, 2023, Hamas and other Palestinian factions launched an attack , breaching the Gaza–Israel barrier . For months prior to the attack, Hamas had been leading Israeli intelligence to believe that they were not seeking conflict. Hamas fighters proceeded to massacre hundreds of civilians at

2387-654: The 12th century. He visited and described Khaybar and neighboring Tayma sometime around 1170 and mentioned those places as Jewish habitations. Khaybar is referred to in various traditions outside the Hejaz. The Makhamra family , a Palestinian extended family who lives in the city of Yatta , in the southern Hebron Hills , claims ancestry from the Jews of Khaybar. Over the years, there have been reports of locals in Yatta and its vicinity continuing to observe various Jewish rituals. In

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2464-559: The Bronze Age, in the Khaybar Oasis (Medinah Province, Saudi Arabia) on the road between Mecca and Aqaba . The town covered about 1.5 hectares with some 500 residents, protected by ramparts. The occupation dates from around 2400 to 1500 BCE, from the late Early Bronze Age to the early Late Bronze Age. The site may represent "low urbanization", a transitional stage between mobile pastoralism and complex urban settlements. In

2541-623: The Early Bronze IIIB, the site was occuped from around 2400 BCE. In the Middle Bronze (c. 2000-1550 BCE), the city was a walled oasis. In the Late Bronze I, the occupation came to an end around 1500 BCE. The excavation is conducted by a CNRS team led by Guillaume Charloux. Palestinian political violence Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence or terrorism committed by Palestinians with

2618-416: The IDF, police, and civilians along Israel's borders between 1949 and 1956. Most of the people in question were refugees attempting to return to their homes, take back possessions that had been left behind during the war and to gather crops from their former fields and orchards inside the new Israeli state. Meron Benivasti states that the fact that the "infiltrators" were for the most part former inhabitants of

2695-598: The Israeli Government described as 'a humanitarian gesture' to PA chairman Mahmoud Abbas to help the peace process, the Palestinian Authority planned a national rally to honour them and to provide full military funerals. The bodies included the suicide bombers that perpetrated the bus bombing in Jerusalem's Shmuel Hanavi neighborhood which killed twenty-three people, many of them children, and

2772-707: The Israeli Security forces, and 821 Israeli civilians have been killed by Palestinians since the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, 553 of whom were killed within the 1949 Armistice lines , mainly by suicide bombings. Targets of attacks included buses, Israeli checkpoint , restaurants, discothèques, shopping malls, a university, and civilian homes. In October 2000 a Palestinian mob lynched two non-combatant Israel Defense Forces reservists , Vadim Nurzhitz (sometimes spelled as Norzhich) and Yossi Avrahami (or Yosef Avrahami), who had accidentally entered

2849-602: The Israeli occupation. More limited goals include the release of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel and recognition of the Palestinian right of return . Palestinian groups that have been involved in politically motivated violence include the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), Fatah , the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC),

2926-508: The Israeli-Palestinian peace process began adopting suicide bombings , predominantly targeting civilians, which later peaked during the Second Intifada . In recent decades, violence has also included rocket attacks on Israeli urban centers. The October 7, 2023, attacks resulted in massacres, and hostage-taking . Israeli statistics state that 3,500 Israelis have been killed as a result of Palestinian political violence since

3003-486: The Jewish community, due to their lower numbers, was vulnerable to attrition and less able to take casualties. Therefore, they adopted a " war of attrition " tactic which was advantageous to the more numerous Arab community. Many of the deaths were inflicted during short time spans and in a few locations. For instance, in April 1920 about 216 Jews became casualties (killed or wounded) in a single day in Jerusalem. By May 1921,

3080-506: The Jews in Palestine followed the Balfour Declaration in November 1917 which stimulated Jewish migrants to settle in Palestine. At this time the Arabs were both geographically and demographically dominant compared to the Jewish population, where the majority of Arabs were distributed throughout the highlands of Judea , Samaria and Galilee and the Jewish population was scattered in small towns and rural communities. The Arabs realized that

3157-578: The Jews of Khaybar. In this expedition one person was captured by Muslims, and the rest of the tribe fled. The Battle of Khaybar took place in May/June 628. The Jewish Banū Naḍīr of Medina , who claimed to be descendants of Aaron the priest, owned lands in Khaybar and had castles, fortresses and weapons there. After Muhammad expelled them from Medina in 625, their leaders moved to their estates in Khaybar to prepare for war against Muhammad and to recruit

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3234-493: The Jordanian army continued during the closing months of 1970 and the first six months of 1971. In November 1971, members of the Palestinian Black September group , who took their name from the civil war, assassinated Jordanian Prime Minister Wasfi al-Tal in Cairo . In December the group made an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate the Jordanian ambassador in Britain. In the aftermath of Black September in Jordan, many Palestinians arrived in Lebanon , among them Yasser Arafat and

3311-425: The PLO. The PLO charter called for "an end to the State of Israel, a return of Palestinians to their homeland, and the establishment of a single democratic state throughout Palestine". Our basic aim is to liberate the land from the Mediterranean Seas to the Jordan River. We are not concerned with what took place in June 1967 or in eliminating the consequences of the June War. The Palestinian revolution's basic concern

3388-430: The PLO. This led to the signing of the Oslo Accords and the creation of the Palestinian National Authority . In response, Islamist organizations such as Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) adopted the tactic of suicide bombings, influenced by Lebanese groups, to derail the peace process, weaken the PLO and polarize Israeli politics. In this period, suicide bombings of Israeli buses and crowded spaces as

3465-440: The Palestinian Authority spent more than $ 5 million a month paying salaries to Palestinians and Israeli Arabs imprisoned in Israel for terror crimes. They also stated that groups in a summer camp for children sponsored by PA Prime Minister Salam Fayyad were named after militants: Dalal Mughrabi, who led the Coastal Road Massacre ; Salah Khalaf, head of Black September that carried out the Munich massacre ; and Abu Ali Mustafa,

3542-427: The Palestinian Islamic militant group Hamas , who have used it as a political slogan in its propaganda against Israel . The slogan has also been used by some at pro-Palestine protests and other anti-Israel events, as well as online. Historically, Khaybar is known for growing dates . The dates raised in the region were generally exported to Medina . Al-Natah Al-Natah is an archaeological site dating to

3619-459: The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). In the early 1970s their presence exacerbated an already tense situation in Lebanon, and in 1975 the Lebanese Civil War broke out. Beginning with street fighting in Beirut between Christian Phalangists and Palestinian militiamen, the war quickly deteriorated into a conflict between two loosely defined factions: the side wishing to preserve the status quo, consisting primarily of Maronite militias, and

3696-581: The administration's steps to end Palestinian incitement to violence against Jews and Israel that they said was occurring within the "Palestinian media, mosques and schools, and even by individuals or institutions affiliated with the Palestinian Authority". The United Nations body UNESCO stopped funding a children's magazine sponsored by the Palestinian Authority that commended Hitler's killing of Jews. It deplored this publication as contrary to its principles of building tolerance and respect for human rights and human dignity. Palestinian Media Watch reported that

3773-406: The aid of other non-Muslim Arab tribes. Muhammad first sent disguised guests to the homes of the leaders of Banū Naḍīr, who killed their hosts. Muhammad's victory over the Jews of Khaybar in the subsequent battle was also aided by the distance of the settlements and their castles from one another, the absence of co-ordination between the fighting forces, the death of the leader Sallām ibn Mishkam and

3850-405: The apprehension of many members of militant groups, as well as their weaponry and equipment. 497 Palestinians and 30 Israelis were killed during Operation Defensive Shield. In 2004, 31 people were killed and 159 others were wounded in a simultaneous attack against multiple tourist destinations in Egypt. Of the dead, 15 were Egyptians , 12 were from Israel, two from Italy, one from Russia, and one

3927-439: The attacker in the Cafe Hillel bombing . Israel will also return the remains of the bombers that committed the bombings on two buses in Beersheba in 2004 killing 16 people, the Stage night club bombing , the attack on the open-air Hadera market as well as the attackers of the Savoy Hotel in Tel Aviv who killed eight hostages. The Palestinian Authority and Hamas both planned official ceremonies and PA president Abbas attended

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4004-405: The basis of a statement he made concerning youths injured in defending the Haram al Sharif / Temple Mount from what Palestinians have seen as attempts to alter the status quo. He declared in September 2015: "Every drop of blood spilled in Jerusalem is pure, every shahid will reach paradise, and every injured person will be rewarded by God." In the 1930s, the emergence of organized youth cadres

4081-449: The casualty rate for Jews was approaching 40 per day and in August 1929 it had risen to 80 per day. During the 1929 riots, one percent of the Jewish population of Jerusalem became casualties, in Safed 2 percent and in Hebron 12 percent. During the 1920–1929 attacks on Jews were organized by local groups and encouraged by local religious leaders. As the Jewish community did not count on the British authorities to protect them, they formed

4158-502: The cities of Ashdod, Beersheba and Gedera. The military wing of Hamas said that after a week from the start, it had managed to fire 302 rockets, at an average of 44 rockets daily. 102 rockets and 35 mortars were fired by Fatah at Israel. Over 750 rockets and mortars were fired from Gaza into Israel during the conflict wounded 182 civilians, killing 3 people, and causing minor suffering to another 584 people suffering from shock and anxiety. Several rockets landed in schools and one fell close to

4235-452: The establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. Suicide bombings constituted 0.5% of Palestinian attacks against Israelis in the first two years of the Al Aqsa Intifada ; though this percentage accounted for half of the Israelis killed in that period. As of 2022, a majority of Palestinians, 59%, believe armed attacks against Israelis inside Israel are an effective measure to end the occupation, with 56% supporting them. In protest against

4312-401: The general secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine who perpetrated many attacks. Saddam Hussein , the leader of Iraq , donated $ 25,000 to the families of suicide bombers, and $ 10,000 to the families of Palestinian civilians killed by the Israeli military. After Israel agreed to hand over the bodies of dead Palestinian suicide bombers and other militants as part of what

4389-560: The incitement promulgated by the Palestinian Authority was destroying Israel's confidence, and he condemned what he regarded as the glorification of the murderers of the Fogel family in Itamar on PA television. The perpetrator of the murders had been described as a "hero" and a "legend" by members of his family, during a weekly program. Isi Leibler wrote in the Jerusalem Post that Mahmoud Abbas and his chief negotiator Saeb Erekat deny Israel's right to exist and promote vicious hatred against Jews, in statements made in Arabic. He claimed that

4466-403: The intent to accomplish political goals, and often carried out in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict . Common objectives of political violence by Palestinian groups include self-determination in and sovereignty over all of Palestine (including seeking to replace Israel), or the recognition of a Palestinian state inside the 1967 borders. This includes the objective of ending

4543-399: The kingdom. By early 1970, at least seven Palestinian guerrilla organizations were active in Jordan, one of the most important being the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) led by George Habash . Based in the Jordanian refugee camps, the fedayeen developed a virtual state within a state, receiving funds and arms from both the Arab states and Eastern Europe and openly flouting

4620-419: The land returning for personal, economic and sentimental reasons was suppressed in Israel as it was feared that this may lead to an understanding of their motives and to the justification of their actions. After Israel's Operation Black Arrow in 1955 which came as a result of a series of massacres in the city of Rehovot , the Palestinian fedayeen were incorporated into an Egyptian unit. John Bagot Glubb ,

4697-478: The late 19th century, peasants from Meithalun , present-day northern West Bank , associated a nearby ruin locally known as Khirbet Kheibar with an unnamed Jewish king and his daughter who, according to their tradition, resided in the area. Some scholars have suggested tying those two traditions to the expulsion of Jews from Khaybar and their settlement in the region. The tale of the Jews of Khaybar being vanquished and driven out has been revived in recent decades by

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4774-419: The law of the country. The guerrillas initially focused on attacking Israel, but by late 1968, the main fedayeen activities in Jordan appeared to shift to attempts to overthrow the Jordanian monarchy. Various clashes between the fedayeen and the army occurred between the years 1968–1970. The situation climaxed in September 1970, when several attempts to assassinate King Hussein failed. On September 7, 1970, in

4851-428: The most probable factors for the disturbance of the peace". As a youngster, Yasir Arafat led neighborhood children in marching and drills, beating those who did not obey. In the 1940s, Arafat's father organized a group of militants in Gaza which included Yasir Arafat and his brothers. The leader, Abu Khalid, a mathematics teacher in Gaza, gave Arafat the name Yasir in honor of the militant Yasir al-Bireh. As part of

4928-562: The movement of refugees from the Gaza strip into Israel, but following the IDF's Gaza Raid on February 28, 1955, the Egyptian authorities facilitated militant infiltration but still continued to oppose civilian infiltration. Around 400 Palestinian "infiltrators" were killed by Israeli Security Forces each year in 1951, 1952 and 1953; a similar number and probably far more were killed in 1950. 1,000 or more were killed in 1949. At least 100 were killed during 1954–1956. In total upward of 2,700 and possibly as many as 5,000 'infiltrators' were killed by

5005-432: The newly-conquered regions of Syria and Iraq . Umar also forbade non-Muslims to reside in the Hejaz for longer than three days. Since then, the Jews of Khaybar travelled around many areas throughout the Islamic Empire as artisans and merchants and they are still referred to in documents from the Middle Ages. Benjamin of Tudela was a Jew from Tudela , in the Kingdom of Navarre , who travelled to Persia and Arabia in

5082-399: The oasis for several years until they were finally expelled by Caliph Umar , who decided to expel the Jews of Khaybar in 642 under the pretense that before his death, Muhammad had commanded that two religions could not exist simultaneously in the Hejaz. During the reign of Caliph Umar (634–644), the Jewish community of Khaybar was transported alongside the Christian community of Najran to

5159-403: The peace process, Islamist organizations such as Hamas and the PIJ adopted the usage of suicide bombings , predominantly against Israeli civilians. Frustration over the perceived failure of the peace talks to yield a Palestinian state led to the outbreak of the Al Aqsa Intifada in September 2000, which ended in 2005, coincident with the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza . The rise of Hamas ,

5236-422: The planes were dramatically blown up in front of TV cameras. A bitterly fought 10-day civil war known as Black September ensued, drawing involvement by Syria and Iraq , and sparking troop movements by Israel and the United States Navy . The number of people killed on all sides were estimated as high as 3,500, other sources claiming it to be as high as 20,000. Battles between Palestinian guerrilla forces and

5313-444: The right of self-determination and the upholding of the rights of the Palestinian nation". To achieve these goals, a Palestinian army of liberation was thought to be essential; thus, the Palestinian Liberation Army (PLA) was established with the support of the Arab states. Fatah , a Palestinian group founded in the late 1950s to organize the armed resistance against Israel, and headed by Yasser Arafat , soon rose to prominence within

5390-402: The series of Dawson's Field hijackings , three planes were hijacked by PFLP : a SwissAir and a TWA that were landed in Azraq area and a Pan Am that was landed in Cairo . Then on September 9, a BOAC flight from Bahrain was also hijacked to Zarqa . The PFLP announced that the hijackings were intended "to pay special attention to the Palestinian problem". After all hostages were removed,

5467-424: The side seeking change, which included a variety of militias from leftist organizations and guerrillas from rejectionist Palestinian (nonmainstream PLO) organizations. The Lebanese civil war lasted until 1990 and resulted in an estimated 130,000 to 250,000 civilian fatalities and one million wounded. After Black September, the PLO and its offshoots waged an international campaign against Israelis. Notable events were

5544-701: The state-controlled Palestinian media praised the murders committed by Palestinians. Abbas al-Sayed who perpetrated the Passover suicide attack at the Park Hotel in Netanya which killed 30 civilians was described by Abbas as a "hero" and "symbol of the Palestinian Authority". Following the Itamar massacre and a bombing in Jerusalem, 27 US senators sent a letter requesting the US Secretary of State to identify

5621-435: The use of Palestinian rocketry and Israel's control of Gaza's borders , has led to further chronic violence, culminating in a further two conflicts, the Gaza War of 2008–09 and Operation Pillar of Defense in 2012. Since 1967, some reports estimate that some 40% of the male population of the West Bank and Gaza Strip have been arrested or detained in Israeli prisons for political or military reasons. Violence against

5698-409: Was an Israeli-American. According to the Egyptian government, the bombers were Palestinians led by Iyad Saleh, who had tried to enter Israel to carry out attacks there but were unsuccessful. In the mid-2000s Hamas started putting greater emphasis on its political characteristics and strengthened its popularity amongst Palestinians. In 2006 Palestinian legislative elections Hamas won a majority in

5775-578: Was characterized more by grassroots and non-violent political actions from among the population in the Israeli occupied Palestinian territories . A total of 160 Israelis and 2,162 Palestinians were killed, including 1,000 Palestinians killed by other Palestinians under the accusation of being collaborators. The Intifada lasted five years and ended with the signing of the Oslo Accords . The strategy of non-violence, though widespread among Palestinians,

5852-411: Was not always adhered to, and there were youth who threw molotov cocktails and stones, with such violence generally directed against Israeli soldiers and settlers. There were two attacks that represented new developments in terms of political violence inside Israel in this period. The first Palestinian suicide attack took place on July 6, 1989, when a member of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad boarded

5929-540: Was rooted in the desire to form a youth paramilitary. It was believed that armed youth might bring an end to British hegemony in the Middle East . Youth were cajoled into violence by Palestinian political figures and newspapers that glorified violence and death. The Palestinian Arab Party sponsored the development of storm troops consisting solely of children and youth. A British report from the period stated that "the growing youth and scout movements must be regarded as

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