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93-712: The Kia K5 ( Korean : 기아 K5 ), formerly known as the Kia Optima ( Korean : 기아 옵티마 ), is a mid-size car manufactured by Kia since 2000 and marketed globally through various nameplates . First generation cars were mostly marketed as the Optima, although the Kia Magentis name was used in Europe and Canada when sales began there in 2002. For the second-generation models, Kia used the Kia Lotze and Kia K5 name for

186-641: A foreign language ) is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as between South Korea–United States and China–North Korea since the end of World War II and the Korean War . Along with other languages such as Chinese and Arabic , Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level for English speakers by the United States Department of Defense . Modern Korean descends from Middle Korean , which in turn descends from Old Korean , which descends from

279-527: A 2.0-liter turbodiesel engine. South Korean buyers also received and LPG-powered version of the 2.4. The second generation Optima was launched in Malaysia on 15 August 2007 powered by a 2.0-liter Theta DOHC CVVT engine with a 4-speed automatic transmission. The Optima received a crash test rating of five stars from the NHTSA , and four stars from Euro NCAP . The 2006 Optima received Marginal to Good ratings from

372-698: A 6-speed manual transmission that is standard on only the LX model. Sales began in fall 2010. The new K5 was released in the South Korean market on 29 April 2010. The new Optima retains its trim lines of the base LX, upscale EX, and sporty SX models. Standard equipment includes safety features such as electronic stability control (ESC) and ABS brakes, as well as Sirius Satellite Radio, cooled glove box, iPod connectivity, and handsfree Bluetooth phone operation. Starting in October 2013, on LX models, Kia will offer

465-556: A Hybrid Gasoline Vehicle" while driving across the continental United States for 14 days, starting from the Kia factory in West Point, Georgia. In its 7,899-mile drive across the 48 states, the car recorded an average of 64.55 miles per gallon while consuming a total of five and a half tanks of gasoline. In order to qualify for the record, the car had two people and luggage throughout the entire trip. The 2016 Kia Optima went on-sale towards

558-484: A Korean influence on Khitan. The hypothesis that Korean could be related to Japanese has had some supporters due to some overlap in vocabulary and similar grammatical features that have been elaborated upon by such researchers as Samuel E. Martin and Roy Andrew Miller . Sergei Starostin (1991) found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese–Korean 100-word Swadesh list . Some linguists concerned with

651-561: A bigger turbocharger to improve power, its used in the i30N and Veloster N, compression ratio is 9.5:1 and the engine develops 250–275 PS (184–202 kW; 247–271 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 36 kg⋅m (260 lb⋅ft; 353 N⋅m) of torque between 1,450 rpm and 4,700 rpm, for the Kona N and Elantra N the power output is 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 40 kg⋅m (289 lb⋅ft; 392 N⋅m) of torque between 2,100 rpm and 4,700 rpm. For

744-480: A core vowel. The IPA symbol ⟨ ◌͈ ⟩ ( U+0348 ◌͈ COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW ) is used to denote the tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/ . Its official use in the extensions to the IPA is for "strong" articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice . The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice , but it is not yet known how typical this

837-579: A defect in the Theta 2 engines used in them. Eventually, 520,000 vehicles were recalled in South Korea. Owners started suing after the automaker refused to pay the thousands of dollars to repair or replace the engines, with one lawsuit from 2015 alleging a dealer wanted $ 4,500 to do the work. Kia was also served papers over a class-action lawsuit in 2016 filed by owners of vehicles equipped with Theta engines. NHTSA says it took action to "investigate both

930-678: A global platform, unique to Kia, designated "MG". The car continues to be built in South Korea and shares its 2.4-liter inline-four engine , five-speed Sportmatic automatic or five-speed manual transmission with the Sonata. In addition to the 2.4-liter inline-four and the 2.7-liter V6 offered in North America, globally the Optima/Magentis/Lotze was also available with smaller, 1.8- or 2.0-liter fours, as well as

1023-522: A joint review by Hyundai and the NHTSA, of which the 2.4L Theta II MPI engines were a part of. This marks the first instance of the MPI variants of these engines being recalled. Affected vehicles include the 2011-2013 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid, 2012 Hyundai Santa Fe, 2012-2013 Kia Sorento, 2011-2013 Kia Optima Hybrid, 2012-2013 Kia Forte and Forte Koup, and the 2012 Kia Sportage 2.4l. On 2013-11-05, Hyundai announced

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1116-545: A later founder effect diminished the internal variety of both language families. Since the establishment of two independent governments, North–South differences have developed in standard Korean, including variations in pronunciation and vocabulary chosen. However, these minor differences can be found in any of the Korean dialects , which are still largely mutually intelligible . The Chinese language , written with Chinese characters and read with Sino-Xenic pronunciations ,

1209-640: A pair of 12 inches (30 cm) screens, the traditional gear lever replaced by a rotary selector, and new technological features. The facelifted K5 also has a new base engine, dropping the 1.6-liter turbo in favor of a naturally aspirated 2.5-liter 4 cylinder making 191 horsepower and 181 foot pounds of torque. In June 2020, Kia unveiled the US-market K5, renaming it from the Optima. Both the 1.6-liter turbocharged and 2.5-liter naturally aspirated Smartstream inline four-cylinder gasoline engines will be available with either front wheel drive or all wheel drive;

1302-574: A possible relationship.) Hudson & Robbeets (2020) suggested that there are traces of a pre- Nivkh substratum in Korean. According to the hypothesis, ancestral varieties of Nivkh (also known as Amuric ) were once distributed on the Korean Peninsula before the arrival of Koreanic speakers. Korean syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), consisting of an optional onset consonant, glide /j, w, ɰ/ and final coda /p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, l/ surrounding

1395-412: A smaller turbo for improved responsiveness and fuel economy, it was used in the seventh generation Sonata and fourth generation Optima, compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine develops 245–248 PS (180–182 kW; 242–245 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 36 kg⋅m (260 lb⋅ft; 353 N⋅m) of torque between 1,350 rpm and 4,000 rpm. The high power version of the second iteration uses

1488-492: A top speed of 160 miles per hour (257 km/h). Korean language Korean ( South Korean : 한국어 , Hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선어 , Chosŏnŏ ) is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea . Beyond Korea, the language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China , namely Jilin , and specifically Yanbian Prefecture , and Changbai County . It

1581-671: A total system power of 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) at 5,500 rpm and 27 kg⋅m (195 lb⋅ft; 265 N⋅m) of torque. The 2.0 L (1,998 cc) engine features LPI injection and makes 136–144 PS (100–106 kW; 134–142 hp) at 6,000  rpm with 18.7–19.3 kg⋅m (135–140 lb⋅ft; 183–189 N⋅m) of torque at 4,250 rpm. The 2.4 L (2,359 cc) engine features LPI injection and makes 159 PS (117 kW; 157 hp) at 5,500 rpm with 23 kg⋅m (166 lb⋅ft; 226 N⋅m) of torque at 4,250 rpm. Hyundai and Kia vehicles equipped with Theta II engines (GDI) were recalled, due to

1674-580: A two-way VIS and comes in two sizes, the 2.0L and 2.4L. The 2.0L Theta II MPi engine has a 10.5:1 compression ratio, and it produces 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp) at 6,200 rpm and 20.1–20.2 kg⋅m (145–146 lb⋅ft; 197–198 N⋅m) of torque at 4,500–4,600 rpm. The 2.4L Theta II MPi engine (G4KE) has a 10.5:1 compression ratio, and it produces 178–179 PS (131–132 kW; 176–177 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 23.2–23.5 kg⋅m (168–170 lb⋅ft; 228–230 N⋅m) of torque at 4,000 rpm. The 2.4L Theta II FR MPi engine (G4KG)

1767-470: Is 9.0:1 and the newer version now producing 260–264 PS (191–194 kW; 256–260 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 36 kg⋅m (260 lb⋅ft; 353 N⋅m) of torque between 2,000 and 4,500 rpm on 91 RON/87 octane ( AKI ) gasoline, and 275–279 PS (202–205 kW; 271–275 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 38 kg⋅m (275 lb⋅ft; 373 N⋅m) of torque between 2,000 and 4,500 rpm on 98 RON/93 octane. The first iteration of 2.0L T-GDI engine

1860-443: Is 9.5:1 and it produces 210–213 PS (154–157 kW; 207–210 hp) at 6,000 rpm and on 91 RON/87 octane ( AKI ) gasoline, and 226 PS (166 kW; 223 hp) at 6,000 rpm on 98 RON/93 octane ( AKI ). Torque remains the same at 30.5 kg⋅m (221 lb⋅ft; 299 N⋅m) at 2,000 rpm. For the facelifted 2013–2014 Genesis Coupe, the engines got upgraded with a new twin-scroll turbocharger, compression ratio

1953-689: Is EMS-II from Siemens VDO and the 32-bit PCM (Powertrain Control Module) calculates the amount of intake air by utilizing a contamination-proof hot-film type MAF ( mass air flow ) sensor. The first version of the Theta Engine had three variants, 1.8L, 2.0L and 2.4L. The 1.8L version is an inline 4-cylinder engine that carries a 10.5:1 compression ratio; the engine makes 133–138 PS (98–101 kW; 131–136 hp) at 6,000–6,200 rpm and 16.9–17.5 kg⋅m (122–127 lb⋅ft; 166–172 N⋅m) of torque at 4,250 rpm. The 2.0L version

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2046-519: Is a Mitsubishi TD04 model, the block used is very similar to the 4B11T engine found in Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X , however most of the rotating assembly is different, with different rod lengths, bearing sizes, and piston compression heights. Additionally the 4B11T is a semi-closed deck block, where the Theta is an open deck block. For RWD based applications, the 2.0L turbo MPI in the 2009–2012 Genesis Coupe, compression ratio

2139-548: Is able to travel up to 100 km/h (62 mph) in full electric mode, which helps it stand apart from many competitors. Korean and European markets will get the Optima Hybrid with a 2.0-liter turbocharged engine. The only externally apparent features that differentiate it from the Kia Optima are the hybrid badging, application specific wheel design, a lowered ride height by approximately 1 in (25 mm), and

2232-507: Is also a new engine and the interior has also been revised. Main changes in the interior are a redesigned instrument cluster and a Sirius Satellite Radio /AM/FM/MP3/CD with an auxiliary jack. In certain markets, the option of satellite navigation is offered. The new Theta II 2.4-liter I4 employs dual continuously variable valve timing (CVVT) and a variable intake system (VIS) to increase power to 131 kW (176 hp), while returning improved fuel consumption over its predecessor. Torque

2325-641: Is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin , the Russian island just north of Japan, and by the Koryo-saram in parts of Central Asia . The language has a few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family . Even so, Jejuan and Korean are not mutually intelligible . The linguistic homeland of Korean

2418-656: Is an agglutinative language . The Korean language is traditionally considered to have nine parts of speech . Modifiers generally precede the modified words, and in the case of verb modifiers, can be serially appended. The sentence structure or basic form of a Korean sentence is subject–object–verb (SOV), but the verb is the only required and immovable element and word order is highly flexible, as in many other agglutinative languages. Question 가게에 gage-e store- LOC 가셨어요? ga-syeo-sseo-yo go- HON . PAST - CONJ - POL 가게에 가셨어요? gage-e ga-syeo-sseo-yo store-LOC go-HON.PAST-CONJ-POL 'Did [you] go to

2511-406: Is an inline 4-cylinder engine that carries a bore and stroke of 86 mm and a 10.5:1 compression ratio; the engine makes 144–151 PS (106–111 kW; 142–149 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 19.1–19.8 kg⋅m (138–143 lb⋅ft; 187–194 N⋅m) of torque at 4,000–4,250 rpm. It uses a timing chain instead of belt, and the engine dry weight is 134 kg (295 lb). The 2.4L version

2604-413: Is an inline 4-cylinder engine that carries a bore of 88.0 mm, stroke of 97.0 mm and a 10.5:1 compression ratio; the engine dry weight is 146 kg (322 lb) and it makes 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp) at 5,800 rpm and 22.3–23 kg⋅m (161–166 lb⋅ft; 219–226 N⋅m) of torque at 4,250 rpm. The second generation Theta engine added CVVT on the exhaust side as well as

2697-511: Is closer to a near-open central vowel ( [ɐ] ), though ⟨a⟩ is still used for tradition. Grammatical morphemes may change shape depending on the preceding sounds. Examples include -eun/-neun ( -은/-는 ) and -i/-ga ( -이/-가 ). Sometimes sounds may be inserted instead. Examples include -eul/-reul ( -을/-를 ), -euro/-ro ( -으로/-로 ), -eseo/-seo ( -에서/-서 ), -ideunji/-deunji ( -이든지/-든지 ) and -iya/-ya ( -이야/-야 ). Some verbs may also change shape morphophonemically. Korean

2790-794: Is for RWD applications and has a 10.5:1 compression ratio, and it produces 175 PS (129 kW; 173 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 23.2 kg⋅m (168 lb⋅ft; 228 N⋅m) of torque at 4,200 rpm. The Theta II GDi was announced in November 2009 starting with the 6th generation Sonata , improvements include switching to GDI . Compression ratio is 11.3:1, early versions were rated at 201–203 PS (148–149 kW; 198–200 hp) at 6,300 rpm and 25.5 kg⋅m (184 lb⋅ft; 250 N⋅m) of torque at 4,250 rpm while later versions were rated at 188 PS (138 kW; 185 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 24.6 kg⋅m (178 lb⋅ft; 241 N⋅m) of torque at 4,000 rpm. The turbo used

2883-558: Is included with mid- and high-end levels (or as an option in the base model). 2010 models see the addition of a Proximity Key with Push-Button Start and paddle shifters on SX models. In Australia, the Magentis was introduced in August 2006, and replaced the Optima. Initially available with a choice of 2.4 L 4-cylinder or 2.7 L V6 engines, the Magentis' sales never caught on, with sales peaking at only 741 units in 2007. In 2008,

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2976-399: Is mainly reserved for specific circumstances such as newspapers, scholarly papers and disambiguation. Today Hanja is largely unused in everyday life but is still important for historical and linguistic studies. The Korean names for the language are based on the names for Korea used in both South Korea and North Korea. The English word "Korean" is derived from Goryeo , which is thought to be

3069-399: Is of faucalized consonants. They are produced with a partially constricted glottis and additional subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx. /s/ is aspirated [sʰ] and becomes an alveolo-palatal [ɕʰ] before [j] or [i] for most speakers (but see North–South differences in the Korean language ). This occurs with

3162-450: Is rated at 229 N⋅m (169 lbf⋅ft). There is a 2.0L I4 for other markets with either a 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission. Power is rated at 164 hp (122 kW) at 6200 RPM and 197 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) of torque. Acceleration for the 2.0L is 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 9.2 seconds for the 5-speed manual and 10.1 seconds for the 4-speed automatic. Top speed rated up to 208 km/h (129 mph) outside of

3255-579: Is similar to that of the Sonata , with a fastback-like profile. However, the styling is unique, featuring Z-shaped running lights, a textured grille and a chrome strip that runs along the window line and becomes more prominent at the C-pillar. The interior has been redesigned significantly as well, with an optional 12.3-inch digital cluster and 10.3-inch center screen, augmented by Apple CarPlay and Android Auto and an optional 12-speaker Bose audio system. Under

3348-484: Is suggested to be somewhere in contemporary Manchuria . The hierarchy of the society from which the language originates deeply influences the language, leading to a system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation. Modern Korean is written in the Korean script ( 한글 ; Hangeul in South Korea, 조선글 ; Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea), a system developed during

3441-573: Is used for the European market. The 2.4L Theta II Hybrid engine compression ratio is 13.0:1, it features multi-point fuel injection and the gasoline engine produce 171 PS (126 kW; 169 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 21.6 kg⋅m (156 lb⋅ft; 212 N⋅m) of torque at 4,500 rpm, the electric motor is rated 41 PS (30 kW; 40 hp) between 1,400 and 6,000 rpm with 20.9 kg⋅m (151 lb⋅ft; 205 N⋅m) of torque between 0 and 1,400 rpm. Total system output with

3534-747: Is well attested in Western Old Japanese and Northern Ryukyuan languages , in Eastern Old Japanese it only occurs in compounds, and it is only present in three dialects of the Southern Ryukyuan language group . Also, the doublet wo meaning "hemp" is attested in Western Old Japanese and Southern Ryukyuan languages. It is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term. (See Classification of the Japonic languages or Comparison of Japanese and Korean for further details on

3627-527: The yangban aristocracy, who looked down upon it too easy to learn. However, it gained widespread use among the common class and was widely used to print popular novels which were enjoyed by the common class. Since few people could understand official documents written in classical Chinese, Korean kings sometimes released public notices entirely written in Hangul as early as the 16th century for all Korean classes, including uneducated peasants and slaves. By

3720-557: The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). The Optima was revised and updated in 2008, debuting at the New York International Auto Show (as a 2009 model year). This update features new front-end styling and tail lamps. In addition to the revised exterior, length is also slightly increased by roughly 70 millimetres (2.8 in) to approximately 4,800 mm (190 in) long. There

3813-610: The Kia K5 in the South Korean and Chinese markets, made its world debut at the 2010 New York International Auto Show . It features a much sleeker, sportier profile designed by new Kia design chief Peter Schreyer , following the new design language featured on the Kia Forte , Kia Sorento , and Kia Sportage and Kia Cadenza — and using Kia's new corporate grille, known as the Tiger Nose , also designed by Schreyer. Lead designer of

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3906-718: The Pirelli World Challenge . In June 2012, Michael Galati drove the Infinity Audio -sponsored Optima to Kia's first victory in round 8 of the 2012 season at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park in Bowmanville , Ontario , Canada, while teammate Mark Wilkins finished in second place. Kia Racing clinched the 2014 Pirelli World Challenge Grand Touring Sport (GTS) Class Manufacturer Championship in only its third season of competition. Kia defeated rivals Ford, Chevrolet, Porsche, Aston Martin and Nissan to become

3999-589: The Proto-Koreanic language , which is generally suggested to have its linguistic homeland somewhere in Manchuria . Whitman (2012) suggests that the proto-Koreans, already present in northern Korea, expanded into the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at around 300 BC and coexisted with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and

4092-699: The South Korean market, and the Magentis name globally, except in the United States , Canada , Malaysia and the Middle East , where the Optima name was retained until the 2021 model year. The K5 name is used for all markets since the introduction of the fifth generation in 2019. From 2000–2005, Optimas were a rebadged variant of the Hyundai Sonata , differing from the Sonata only in minor exterior styling details and equipment content. It

4185-568: The Three Kingdoms of Korea (not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula), while " -eo " and " -mal " mean "language" and "speech", respectively. Korean is also simply referred to as guk-eo , literally "national language". This name is based on the same Han characters ( 國語 "nation" + "language") that are also used in Taiwan and Japan to refer to their respective national languages. In North Korea and China ,

4278-642: The Toyota Prius . The Optima Hybrid uses the Hyundai Sonata Hybrid powertrain , combining a 2.4-liter MPI engine with a six-speed automatic transmission, and a 30 kW electric motor and lightweight lithium polymer batteries to produce a full gasoline-electric hybrid with an estimated fuel consumption of 37 mpg ‑US (6.4 L/100 km; 44 mpg ‑imp ) city and 39 mpg ‑US (6.0 L/100 km; 47 mpg ‑imp ) highway. The Optima Hybrid

4371-606: The UVO infotainment system by Microsoft as part of the convenience package. EX model options include Kia's new UVO infotainment system by Microsoft , integrated backup camera, and Proximity Key with Push-Button Start. A panoramic moonroof, heated and cooled front seats, heated rear seats and a navigation system are also available. SX models add a rear spoiler , metal pedals, black hybrid metal and carbon insert trim, paddle shifters, and illuminated scuff plates. The third generation Optima came with two different ignition options. On some,

4464-473: The 15th century for that purpose, although it did not become the primary script until the 20th century. The script uses 24 basic letters ( jamo ) and 27 complex letters formed from the basic ones. When first recorded in historical texts, Korean was only a spoken language . Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean culture have spread to other countries through globalization and cultural exports . As such, interest in Korean language acquisition (as

4557-829: The 17th century, the yangban had exchanged Hangul letters with slaves, which suggests a high literacy rate of Hangul during the Joseon era. In the context of growing Korean nationalism in the 19th century, the Gabo Reform of 1894 abolished the Confucian examinations and decreed that government documents would be issued in Hangul instead of literary Chinese. Some newspapers were published entirely in Hangul, but other publications used Korean mixed script , with Hanja for Sino-Korean vocabulary and Hangul for other elements. North Korea abolished Hanja in writing in 1949, but continues to teach them in schools. Their usage in South Korea

4650-461: The 2.5-liter turbocharged engine is available only in front wheel drive and is mated to an eight-speed wet dual-clutch transmission . Trim levels include LX, LXS, GT-Line, EX, and GT. US specification models will be assembled at Kia 's West Point, Georgia assembly plant ( KMMG ). The 2021–2022 K5 was awarded a Top Safety Pick+ from the IIHS . The third generation Kia Optima was an official entry in

4743-546: The 2012 model. In Australia, the new Optima went on sale in January 2011. Initially available in only one grade, the highly specified "Platinum", it was later joined by an entry-level "Si" model in the 2012 model year. Both models feature a 2.4L GDI engine with 6-speed automatic. A manual was not offered. The facelifted 2014 model was unveiled at the 2013 New York International Auto Show in March. The third generation Kia Optima

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4836-449: The 2015 recall by including another 572,000 vehicles with Theta II engines, including 2013-2014 Hyundai Sonata and Santa Fe Sport vehicles. Hyundai told safety regulators the same metal debris problem caused the expanded recall. Near that same time, Kia told NHTSA about a recall of more than 618,000 model year 2011-2014 Kia Optima, 2012-2014 Sorento and 2011-2013 Sportage vehicles because the Theta engine bearings wore out too early and caused

4929-543: The 2016 Red Dot "Best of the Best" Award. The Kia Optima Convertible Concept was shown in 2015; a 4-door concept car similar to the Kia Optima sedan without a roof and rear-hinged doors for the rear passengers in place of the front-hinged doors of the production car. The fifth generation Optima is badged as the K5 worldwide. It was first unveiled in November 2019 and released in South Korea on 12 December 2019. Its overall design

5022-537: The Kia badge, and the headlamps were restyled for 2004 (2005 model year). The second generation Optima, known as the Kia Magentis globally except in United States and Malaysia , and as the Kia Lotze in South Korea , was launched in South Korea in November 2005. This generation differed further from the Hyundai Sonata donor vehicle than the previous model. Unlike the previous Optima though, this vehicle uses

5115-480: The Optima plug-in hybrid has a lower drag coefficient , which at 0.24 Cd is on par with the all-electric Tesla Model S . The Optima PHEV has an active grille, which automatically opens and closes at high and low speeds, contributing to reduce the Cd. The plug-in hybrid features a 50 kW electric motor and 2.0-liter “Nu” four-cylinder GDI engine, mated to a six-speed automatic transmission. Retail deliveries began in

5208-505: The RWD based applications, compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine develops 252–255 PS (185–188 kW; 249–252 hp) at 6,200 rpm and 36 kg⋅m (260 lb⋅ft; 353 N⋅m) of torque between 1,400 rpm and 4,000 rpm. A detuned version that develops 197 PS (145 kW; 194 hp) between 4,500 and 6,200 rpm and 36 kg⋅m (260 lb⋅ft; 353 N⋅m) of torque between 1,450 rpm and 3,500 rpm

5301-536: The TF in the team of Peter Schreyer and Miklos Kovacs was the Italian Davide Limongelli. For the first time, this model will be using the Optima name worldwide, where the Magentis name had been used previously. As with its Hyundai Sonata sibling, the Optima's lineup has been replaced with a GDI 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine, either mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission with Eco dash display, or to

5394-456: The US. The 2.7-liter V6 offers few changes to the previous model, though power is increased to 144 kW (193 hp), and torque to 249 N⋅m (184 lbf⋅ft). Acceleration for the 5-speed automatic takes it from 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 8.9sec with a top speed up to 220 km/h (137 mph). A five-speed manual transmission is standard in the base model, and a five-speed automatic

5487-597: The United States in January 2017 with 40 units sold. The facelifted Kia Optima was officially revealed at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show . In January, the facelifted Kia K5 was introduced in South Korean market. The 2017 Optima received a "Top Safety Pick+" rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). The Optima is a two-time winner of the International Car of the Year award. it also won

5580-500: The V6 engine was dropped, as was the EX-L model, leaving only the entry-level 2.4 L EX on sale until its discontinuation in 2009. While the facelifted 2010 model was never officially launched, a very small number were imported for "evaluation" purposes, and eventually sold to the public as demos. The completely redesigned Optima, sharing the same platform as its sibling Hyundai i40 , named

5673-489: The availability of a special light platinum graphite paint color. It also utilizes an active shutter system behind the upper grille, allowing the car to redirect airflow when the gas engine's heat levels allow (such as when the car is operating in EV mode to improve aerodynamics, or to assist in more rapid warming up of the gas engine). In September 2011, the Optima Hybrid set a Guinness World Record for "Lowest Fuel Consumption in

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5766-455: The beginnings of words. /l/ becomes alveolar flap [ɾ] between vowels, and [l] or [ɭ] at the end of a syllable or next to another /l/ . A written syllable-final ' ㄹ ', when followed by a vowel or a glide ( i.e. , when the next character starts with ' ㅇ '), migrates to the next syllable and thus becomes [ɾ] . Traditionally, /l/ was disallowed at the beginning of a word. It disappeared before [j] , and otherwise became /n/ . However,

5859-501: The class are estates, rising to three quarters when looking purely at fleet sales. In its case, Kia says the estate could outsell the sedan version six to one. A plug-in hybrid variant was unveiled at the 2016 Chicago Auto Show . The Kia Optima PHEV shares the powertrain of the Hyundai Sonata PHEV , and like its sibling, it has a 9.8 kWh battery pack that delivers an all-electric range of 27 mi (43 km), but

5952-493: The electric motor is rated 212 PS (156 kW; 209 hp) and 27 kg⋅m (195 lb⋅ft; 265 N⋅m) of torque. Newer revision of this engine combines a 159 PS (117 kW; 157 hp) at 5,500 rpm and 21 kg⋅m (152 lb⋅ft; 206 N⋅m) of torque at 4,500 rpm engine plus a 51 PS (38 kW; 50 hp) between 1,770 and 2,000 rpm with 20.9 kg⋅m (151 lb⋅ft; 205 N⋅m) of torque between 0 and 1,770 rpm electric motor for

6045-534: The end of 2015. It shares a platform with the 2015 Hyundai Sonata , and offers a new design, with new features and enhancements. As with the previous-generation Optima, the new model was designed by Kia's Chief of Design, Peter Schreyer . Unveiled at the 10th Seoul Motor Show in April 2015, the new K5 was released in the South Korean market on 15 July 2015. For the Malaysian market, the fourth generation Kia Optima

6138-621: The engines to seize. Kia said it didn't recall the vehicles in 2015 when Hyundai first recalled its cars because the Theta II engines in the Kia vehicles were built on a different production line and had different problems than Hyundai. In addition to customers complaining about the Theta II engines, a Korean whistleblower who worked for Hyundai as an engineer let NHTSA know what he knew. Also in April 2017, Hyundai and Kia Motors planned to recall 170,000 vehicles in South Korea from five models, including their Grandeur and Sonata, after acknowledging

6231-618: The fact that those engines were, and continue to be, the subject of an investigation by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Safety regulators are investigating if Hyundai and Kia did enough in a timely manner with regards to the recalls of nearly 1.7 million vehicles with Theta engines, which were prone to an abnormal amount of noise and seizing. In September 2015, Hyundai recalled about 470,000 model year 2011-2012 Sonatas equipped with 2-liter and 2.4-liter Theta II engines. At

6324-506: The first Korean auto manufacturer to win the championship. Kia Racing finished the season with 13 podium finishes, including 5 race wins. Meanwhile, the turbocharged Optima race cars led more on-track miles than any other manufacturer in the class this season. The race car weighs 2,950 pounds (1,338 kg) and is powered by an inline 4-cylinder engine generating 368 horsepower and uses a 6-speed sequential transmission. It reaches 0 to 60 miles per hour (0 to 97 km/h) in 4.7 seconds and has

6417-399: The first Korean dynasty known to Western nations. Korean people in the former USSR refer to themselves as Koryo-saram or Koryo-in (literally, " Koryo/Goryeo persons"), and call the language Koryo-mal' . Some older English sources also use the spelling "Corea" to refer to the nation, and its inflected form for the language, culture and people, "Korea" becoming more popular in

6510-594: The first place Volkswagen Passat and the second place Honda Accord . The 2011 Kia Optima Hybrid was unveiled at the 2010 Los Angeles Auto Show , and was launched in the U.S. market in June 2011. During its first month in the market sold 524 units. Considering cumulative sales in the U.S. market through December 2011, with 19,672 units sold, together the Hyundai Sonata Hybrid and the Kia Optima Hybrid ranked second in hybrid sales for calendar year 2011, after

6603-808: The hood, engines mostly mirror that of the Sonata, with the base 4-cylinder turbo 1.6-liter engine producing 180 hp and 195 lb⋅ft of torque and the GT receiving a high-performance 2.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder unit with 286 hp and 311 lb⋅ft of torque. All-wheel drive is newly available on some trim levels, distinguishing it from the Sonata. Depending on the market, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) include Forward Collision-avoidance Assist (FCA), Blind-spot View Monitor (BVM) with Surround View Monitor (SVM) and Blind-spot Collision-avoid Assist (BCA), Smart Cruise Control (SCC) or Navigation-based SCC (NSCC), Lane Following Assist (LFA), Driver Attention Warning (DAW), and Highway Driving Assist (HDA). Kia

6696-408: The ignition is fitted to the steering column with a turn key. In certain specifications, the keyhole is inside of the glove box, with a start button located on the dashboard. A Hybrid model and a Turbo model were also released. In addition, a wagon version was planned for European markets, and two-door coupé version was mooted for the United States. however they were never released. The turbo model has

6789-479: The inflow of western loanwords changed the trend, and now word-initial /l/ (mostly from English loanwords) are pronounced as a free variation of either [ɾ] or [l] . All obstruents (plosives, affricates, fricatives) at the end of a word are pronounced with no audible release , [p̚, t̚, k̚] . Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ become nasals [m, n, ŋ] before nasal sounds. Hangul spelling does not reflect these assimilatory pronunciation rules, but rather maintains

6882-471: The intake side. The aluminum alloy engine block, which is formed using a high-pressure die-cast method, has a unique Metaldyne -supplied cassette-type balance shaft module with a two-stage oil pump built-in. In the lower-end, the block is reinforced by a ladder frame. Other notable features include fracture-split sinter-forged connecting rods manufactured by Sinteron and a stainless-steel exhaust manifold . Theta's EMS ( engine management system ) software

6975-408: The issue between Japanese and Korean, including Alexander Vovin, have argued that the indicated similarities are not due to any genetic relationship , but rather to a sprachbund effect and heavy borrowing, especially from Ancient Korean into Western Old Japanese . A good example might be Middle Korean sàm and Japanese asá , meaning " hemp ". This word seems to be a cognate, but although it

7068-438: The joint-venture; however, each company retained rights to build the engines. The engine features hollow stainless-steel dual overhead camshafts ( DOHC ) with powder-metal cam lobes, pent-roof combustion chambers and shimless bucket tappets in the cylinder head. BorgWarner Morse TEC supplies the complete timing system which uses the company's proprietary silent timing chains. Continuously variable valve timing (CVVT) works on

7161-639: The language is most often called Joseon-mal , or more formally, Joseon-o . This is taken from the North Korean name for Korea (Joseon), a name retained from the Joseon dynasty until the proclamation of the Korean Empire , which in turn was annexed by the Empire of Japan . In mainland China , following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term Cháoxiǎnyǔ or

7254-455: The late 1800s. In South Korea the Korean language is referred to by many names including hanguk-eo ("Korean language"), hanguk-mal ("Korean speech") and uri-mal ("our language"); " hanguk " is taken from the name of the Korean Empire ( 대한제국 ; 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ). The " han " ( 韓 ) in Hanguk and Daehan Jeguk is derived from Samhan , in reference to

7347-515: The population was illiterate. In the 15th century King Sejong the Great personally developed an alphabetic featural writing system , known today as Hangul , to promote literacy among the common people. Introduced in the document Hunminjeongeum , it was called eonmun ('colloquial script') and quickly spread nationwide to increase literacy in Korea. The Korean alphabet was denounced by

7440-594: The same powertrain as the Hyundai Sonata 2.0T. The turbocharged model has 274 hp (204 kW) and 269 lb⋅ft (365 N⋅m) of torque in the North American model. The car is estimated to obtain 34 mpg ‑US (6.9 L/100 km; 41 mpg ‑imp ) on the highway. The third generation Kia Optima is built and manufactured in West Point, Georgia , which began in 2011 with

7533-669: The short form Cháoyǔ has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian , whereas Hánguóyǔ or the short form Hányǔ is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea. Korean is a member of the Koreanic family along with the Jeju language . Some linguists have included it in the Altaic family, but the core Altaic proposal itself has lost most of its prior support. The Khitan language has several vocabulary items similar to Korean that are not found in other Mongolian or Tungusic languages, suggesting

7626-493: The store?' Response 예/네. ye/ne AFF Hyundai Theta engine The Global Engine Alliance was a joint venture between Chrysler , Mitsubishi Motors , and the Hyundai Motor Company for developing a line of shared four-cylinder engines. Each manufacturer configured their variants of the initial design differently based on their needs. In 2009, Chrysler bought out Mitsubishi and Hyundai's stake in

7719-441: The tense fricative and all the affricates as well. At the end of a syllable, /s/ changes to /t/ (example: beoseot ( 버섯 ) 'mushroom'). /h/ may become a bilabial [ɸ] before [o] or [u] , a palatal [ç] before [j] or [i] , a velar [x] before [ɯ] , a voiced [ɦ] between voiced sounds, and a [h] elsewhere. /p, t, t͡ɕ, k/ become voiced [b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ] between voiced sounds. /m, n/ frequently denasalize at

7812-421: The time, Hyundai told NHTSA that manufacturing problems left metallic debris around the engine crankshaft, causing problems with oil flow. The pieces of metal interfere with the oil flow through the connecting rod bearings and damage the connecting rods. The automaker blamed the problem on a mechanical "deburring" process used to remove metallic machining debris from the crankshaft. By April 2017, Hyundai expanded

7905-557: The timeliness and scope of Hyundai's Theta II engine recalls, and Hyundai's compliance with reporting requirements." In Canada in 2019 Hyundai announced a recall for most vehicles using the affected engines, however a class action lawsuit was filed in 2018 as a result of failures of this engine used in Canadian Forte models and lack of manufacturer support against Kia Canada Inc. On December 1, 2020, Hyundai and Kia recalled 423,000 vehicles equipped with various engines following

7998-464: The underlying, partly historical morphology . Given this, it is sometimes hard to tell which actual phonemes are present in a certain word. The traditional prohibition of word-initial /ɾ/ became a morphological rule called "initial law" ( 두음법칙 ) in the pronunciation standards of South Korea, which pertains to Sino-Korean vocabulary. Such words retain their word-initial /ɾ/ in the pronunciation standards of North Korea. For example, ^NOTE ㅏ

8091-551: Was confirmed that the car is not to be available for the European markets or any right-hand-drive markets (such as Asia, Australasia and Africa) due to the shrinking traditional sedan market. The K5 facelift was revealed on 25 October 2023 in South Korea, and at the 2024 Chicago Auto Show for the 2025 model year in North America. Changes include redesigned headlights and taillights, new front bumper with larger faux vents, new exhaust pipes for non-sportier trim levels, new exterior colours, new alloy wheel designs, an updated interior with

8184-487: Was first introduced to Korea in the 1st century BC, and remained the medium of formal writing and government until the late 19th century. Korean scholars adapted Chinese characters (known in Korean as Hanja ) to write their own language, creating scripts known as idu , hyangchal , gugyeol , and gakpil. These systems were cumbersome, due to the fundamental disparities between the Korean and Chinese languages, and accessible only to those educated in classical Chinese. Most of

8277-711: Was first shown in South Korea in July 2000 and was the first product of the Kia-Hyundai platform integration plan. In Australia, the Optima was introduced in May 2001, offered only with a 2.5 L V6 engine, and choice of manual or automatic transmission. The updated Optima was offered with a new 2.7 L engine, 4-speed automatic (the manual was dropped), and features such as full leather interior and alloy wheels were made standard. Thanks in part to better marketing, sales increased to 41,289 units in 2005, an all-time high. The Optima

8370-415: Was launched in Malaysia on 27 December 2011 powered by a 2.0 liter Theta II MPI engine with a 6-speed automatic transmission and in January 2014 the facelift version was launched in Malaysia. The 2011 Optima received a "Top Safety Pick" rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). In a March 2012 comparison test by Car and Driver , the Optima came in third place out of six cars behind

8463-522: Was launched in May 2017 powered by the Theta II 2.0 liter turbocharged four-cylinder gasoline engine with a 6-speed automatic transmission. At the 2016 Geneva Motor Show , Kia revealed the Sportswagon variant of the Optima. Developed mainly for the European market by Kia's European design team, Kia says the model represents a significant growth opportunity in Europe, as two thirds of all models sold in

8556-431: Was sold until 2006, when it was replaced by the Magentis. The 2001 Optima received Poor to Average ratings from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). The 2002 Optima received a minor update. A luxurious version of the Optima was sold in South Korea as the "Optima Regal", using the 2-liter four or the 2.5-liter V6 only. The grille was redesigned for the United States in 2003 (2004 model year) to feature

8649-453: Was used in the sixth generation Sonata and third generation Optima, compression ratio is 9.5:1 and the engine develops 261–278 PS (192–204 kW; 257–274 hp) at 6,000 rpm and 37.2 kg⋅m (269 lb⋅ft; 365 N⋅m) of torque between 1,750 rpm and 4,500 rpm. The updated second iteration of the engine changed the CVVT controls from hydraulic to electronic along with

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