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198-620: The Sophia Astley Kirkpatrick Memorial Chapel , known as Kirkpatrick Chapel , is the chapel to Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and located on the university's main campus in New Brunswick, New Jersey in the United States. Kirkpatrick Chapel is among the university's oldest extant buildings, and one of six buildings located on a historic section of the university's College Avenue Campus in New Brunswick known as

396-474: A Bachelor of Science in Engineering (B.S.E.). Typically, A.B. students choose a major (called a concentration) at the end of sophomore year, while B.S.E. students declare at the end of their freshman year. Students must complete distribution requirements, departmental requirements, and independent work to graduate with either degree. A.B. students must complete distribution requirements in literature and

594-461: A Centers of Excellence Grant from the NSF which allowed the physics department to hire several faculty each year. These faculty were to be paid by the grant for three years, but after that time any faculty hired with the associate or full professor designation would become tenured. The governor and the chancellor forced Rutgers to lose this grant by rejecting the condition that tenure be granted. In 1970,

792-587: A Collegiate Gothic project), Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown ( Frist Campus Center , among several others), Minoru Yamasaki (Robertson Hall), and Rafael Viñoly ( Carl Icahn Laboratory). A group of 20th-century sculptures scattered throughout the campus forms the Putnam Collection of Sculpture. It includes works by Alexander Calder ( Five Disks: One Empty ), Jacob Epstein ( Albert Einstein ), Henry Moore ( Oval with Points ), Isamu Noguchi ( White Sun ), and Pablo Picasso ( Head of

990-611: A Woman ). Richard Serra 's The Hedgehog and The Fox is located between Peyton and Fine halls next to Princeton Stadium and the Lewis Library. At the southern edge of the campus is Lake Carnegie, an artificial lake named for Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie financed the lake's construction in 1906 at the behest of a friend and his brother who were both Princeton alumni. Carnegie hoped the opportunity to take up rowing would inspire Princeton students to forsake football , which he considered "not gentlemanly." The Shea Rowing Center on

1188-411: A college chapel when the funds became available to do so. Previously, chapel services had been held inside Old Queen's, but as the student body expanded in the 1850s and 1860s a larger space was needed to accommodate such events. With the death of Sophia Astley Kirkpatrick in 1871 and Rutgers receiving $ 61,054.57 (2013: US$ 1,174,079.38) from her estate, the trustees directed those funds to the building of

1386-495: A college to train those who wanted to become ministers within the church. Through several years of effort by Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen (1691–1747) and Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh (1736–1790), later the college's first president, Queen's College received its charter on November 10, 1766, from New Jersey's last royal governor, William Franklin (1730–1813), the son of Benjamin Franklin . The original charter established

1584-439: A comprehensive collection of over 20,000 photographs. Approximately 750 works of African art are represented. The Museum oversees the outside John B. Putnam Jr., Memorial Collection of Sculpture . The Princeton University Chapel is located on the north side of campus near Nassau Street. It was built between 1924 and 1928 at a cost of $ 2.3 million, approximately $ 40.8 million adjusted for inflation in 2020. Ralph Adams Cram,

1782-455: A desire to provide direct access to works of art in a museum for a curriculum in the arts, an education system familiar to many European universities at the time. The museum took on the purposes of providing "exposure to original works of art and to teach the history of art through an encyclopedic collection of world art." Numbering over 112,000 objects, the collections range from ancient to contemporary art and come from Europe, Asia, Africa, and

1980-654: A fairly isolated dormitory; a security system was added, although the women deliberately broke it within a day. In 1971, Mary St. John Douglas and Susan Savage Speers became the first female trustees, and in 1974, quotas for men and women were eliminated. Following a 1979 lawsuit, the eating clubs were required to go coeducational in 1991, after an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied. In 2001, Princeton elected its first female president. The main campus consists of more than 200 buildings on 600 acres (2.4 km ) in Princeton, New Jersey. The James Forrestal Campus,

2178-412: A few years, continued growth in the student body reduced that schedule to each class meeting in chapel only one day per week. Sunday chapel services were attended by all students who chose to remain on campus for the weekend. Kirkpatrick Chapel is one of two college chapels on Rutgers' New Brunswick campuses. The other, Voorhees Chapel , was built in 1925 after a donation from Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees to

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2376-408: A frequent occurrence during Green's tenure, enrollment did increase under his administration. In 1823, James Carnahan became president, arriving as an unprepared and timid leader. With the college riven by conflicting views between students, faculty, and trustees, and enrollment hitting its lowest in years, Carnahan considered closing the university. Carnahan's successor, John Maclean Jr. , who

2574-472: A grain. In his design for the chapel, Hardenbergh attempted a "restrained approach to Gothic architecture" that refrained from the excesses ("fripperies") of typical examples of Victorian Gothic. The facade has a porch with three archways and buttresses described in the Architectural Record of 1918 as being suggestive of German Gothic. It has lancet windows and an appearance described in

2772-593: A lack of funds, Queen's College was closed for two extended periods. Early trustees considered merging the college with the College of New Jersey, in Princeton , but the measure failed by one vote. They later considered relocating it to New York City . In 1808, after raising $ 12,000, the college temporarily reopened and broke ground on a building of its own, called " Old Queens ," designed by architect John McComb, Jr. The college's third president, Ira Condict , laid

2970-442: A major fundraising drive known as "A Campaign for Princeton" was conducted. President Harold T. Shapiro would succeed Bowen and remain president until 2001. Shapiro would continue to increase the endowment, expand academic programs, raise student diversity, and oversee the most renovations in Princeton's history. One of Shapiro's initiatives was the formation of the multidisciplinary Princeton Environmental Institute in 1994, renamed

3168-573: A minimum through marches, sit-ins, letters to administration officials and forums. In 2011, there was an attempt by then New Jersey governor Chris Christie and members of the legislature to merge Rutgers–Camden into Rowan University , it ultimately was rejected in part due to several on-campus protests and pushback from Camden faculty, students, and alumni. On June 20, 2012, the outgoing president of Rutgers University, Richard L. McCormick , announced that Rutgers will "integrate five acres along George Street between Seminary Place and Bishop Place into

3366-425: A new library. $ 5,000 (2013: US$ 131,600) was added to this total from other donors to furnish the new building. The new library, called Voorhees Hall , was built on land donated by James Nielson behind Kirkpatrick Chapel that began to extend the college campus west. Voorhees Hall was dedicated on November 10, 1903—the 140th anniversary of the signing of the college's charter—and served as the school's main library until

3564-456: A part of The New Plan of Study. He also brought about great expansion to the university, with the creation of the School of Architecture in 1919, the School of Engineering in 1921, and the School of Public and International Affairs in 1930. By the end of his presidency, the endowment had increased by 374 percent, the total area of the campus doubled, the faculty experienced impressive growth, and

3762-641: A popular weekend destination. Across the city, Douglass Campus and Cook Campus are intertwined and often referred to as the Cook/Douglass Campus. Cook Campus has extensive farms and woods that reach North Brunswick and East Brunswick. Separated by the Raritan River is Busch Campus , in Piscataway, and Livingston Campus, also mainly in Piscataway but including remote sections of land extending into Edison and Highland Park. The Busch Campus

3960-440: A presiding officer within the university's 59-member board of trustees and its eleven-member board of governors, and is appointed by these boards to oversee the day-to-day operations of the university across its campuses. He is charged with implementing "board policies with the help and advice of senior administrators and other members of the university community." The president is responsible only to those two governing boards—there

4158-479: A program for servicemen, so they could resume their education once discharged. The post-war years saw scholars renewing broken bonds through numerous conventions, expansion of the campus, and the introduction of distribution requirements. The period saw the desegregation of Princeton, which was stimulated by changes to the New Jersey constitution. Princeton began undertaking a sharper focus towards research in

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4356-471: A recent alumnus then serving as the college's registrar, treasurer, and faculty secretary—Irving S. Upson (A.B. 1881)—to take on additional responsibilities as librarian. Upson agreed "to devote at least one hour a day to library work, for which he received a stipend of $ 15 a month, out of which he paid an assistant $ 2.50 per week. At this time, the library was open daily from 8:00 to 8:40 A.M., noon to 12:30 P.M., and 2:00 to 4:30 P.M." Upson increased

4554-463: A result of the separation of the medical school from Rutgers University, Ph.D. programs that had been started in the medical center were lost, and students had to seek other institutions to finish their degrees. After the dissolution of the University of Medicine and Dentistry in 2013, the medical school again became part of the university. Before 1982, separate liberal arts faculties existed in

4752-537: A scholarly conference, a series of short plays, and an art project. In April 2018, university trustees announced that they would name two public spaces for James Collins Johnson and Betsey Stockton , enslaved people who lived and worked on Princeton's campus and whose stories were publicized by the project. In 2019, large-scale student activism again entered the mainstream concerning the school's implementation of federal Title IX policy relating to campus sexual assault . The activism consisted of sit-ins in response to

4950-750: A seamless transfer to Rutgers and to take all of their Rutgers classes in a select number of the most popular majors at the community college campus. The collaborative effort provides access to Rutgers faculty teaching Rutgers courses, at a convenient location, but it is also one of the few programs that cater exclusively to the non-traditional student population. Rutgers' current partners include Atlantic Cape , Brookdale , Mercer , Morris , Camden , and Raritan Valley community colleges. The university offers more than 100 distinct bachelor, 100 masters, and 80 doctoral and professional degree programs across 175 academic departments, 29 degree-granting schools, and colleges, 16 of which offer graduate programs of study. It

5148-638: A single sophomore and a handful of first-year students taught by a lone instructor, and granted its first degree in 1774, to Matthew Leydt . Despite the religious nature of the early college, the first classes were held at a tavern called the Sign of the Red Lion. When the Revolutionary War broke out and taverns were suspected by the British as being hotbeds of rebel activity, the college abandoned

5346-407: A site for religious services and local celebrations. Measured on the exterior, the chapel is 277 feet (84 m) long, 76 feet (23 m) wide at its transepts , and 121 feet (37 m) high. The exterior is Pennsylvania sandstone , trimmed with Indiana limestone , and the interior is made of limestone and Aquia Creek sandstone . The design evokes characteristics of an English church of

5544-563: A smaller location designed mainly as a research and instruction complex, is split between nearby Plainsboro and South Brunswick . The campuses are situated about one hour from both New York City and Philadelphia on the train. The university also owns more than 520 acres (2.1 km ) of property in West Windsor Township , and is where Princeton is planning to construct a graduate student housing complex, which will be known as "Lake Campus North". The first building on campus

5742-406: A state-of-the-art electronic organ. Rutgers has not decided whether it will restore the organ or replace it with a new pipe organ as the university considers the possibility of undertaking a larger restoration of the chapel. As of December 2019, a replacement organ, an Appleton Organ from 1840 had been located and purchased with intention of an inauguration concert occurring on November 11, 2019, but

5940-539: A student's disciplinary sentence. In April 2024, students joined other campuses across the United States in protests and establishing encampments against the Israel–Hamas war and the alleged genocide of Palestinians in Gaza. The protestors called for divestment from Israel , started a hunger strike and were joined by faculty. The sit-in of Clio Hall led to arrests by police. Activism and protests continued in

6138-600: A total of 11 fully online degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Online degree programs at Rutgers must meet the same academic expectations, in terms of both teaching and learning outcomes, as traditional on-campus programs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a majority of courses were conducted through remote instruction. Rutgers offers classes at several off-campus sites in affiliation with community colleges and other state colleges throughout New Jersey. These partnerships are designed to enable students to achieve

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6336-655: A university chapel. A young architect who had recently completed his apprenticeship and started his own firm, Henry Janeway Hardenbergh (1847–1918), was hired by the trustees in 1870 to design an addition to the Rutgers College Grammar School then housed in Alexander Johnston Hall located across from the Queen's Campus on College Avenue. He charged the college $ 312 for his work. Born and raised in New Brunswick, Hardenbergh received

6534-772: A university focus on undergraduates. The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary , Rutgers University, and the Westminster Choir College of Rider University . Princeton is a member of the Association of American Universities , the Universities Research Association , and the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities . The university

6732-521: Is 3–4 hours a week, although this can vary depending on the course. The student to faculty ratio is 5 to 1, and a majority of classes have fewer than 20 students. In the Fiske Guide to Colleges , academic culture is considered as "tight-knit, extremely hardworking, highly cooperative, and supportive." Undergraduates agree to adhere to an academic integrity policy called the Honor Code. Under

6930-401: Is Christopher Eisgruber, who was appointed by the university's board of trustees in 2013. The board is responsible for the overall direction of the university. It consists of no fewer than 23 and no more than 40 members at any one time, with the president of the university and the governor of New Jersey serving as ex officio members . It approves the operating and capital budgets, supervises

7128-653: Is a public land-grant research university consisting of three campuses in New Jersey . Chartered in 1766, Rutgers was originally called Queen's College , and was affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church . It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States, the second-oldest in New Jersey (after Princeton University ), and one of nine colonial colleges that were chartered before the American Revolution . In 1825, Queen's College

7326-416: Is a division of the university that serves as an umbrella organization for schools, centers, and institutes from Rutgers University and the old University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey . The organization was incorporated into the university following the 2013 merger of Rutgers and UMDNJ. While its various facilities are spread across several locations statewide, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences

7524-467: Is a durable reddish-brown sandstone used for many houses and buildings in New York City and New Jersey, including Old Queen's, Geology Hall, and Kirkpatrick Chapel. Brownstone and similar materials, known as freestone , were popular for constructing stone buildings because the properties of the rock allowed it to be worked freely in every direction instead of having to be cut in one direction along

7722-632: Is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (1921), and in 1989, became a member of the Association of American Universities , an organization of the 62 leading research universities in North America. Rutgers–New Brunswick is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Rutgers–Newark and Rutgers–Camden are classified by

7920-482: Is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), with its last reaffirmation in 2014. Princeton University's endowment of $ 37 billion (per 2021 figures) was ranked as the fourth largest endowment in the United States, and it had the greatest per-student endowment in the world at over $ 4.4 million per student. The endowment is sustained through continued donations and

8118-463: Is close to downtown New Brunswick and includes the seat of the university, Old Queens and other nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century buildings that constitute the Queens Campus and Voorhees Mall . Its proximity to New Brunswick's train station and numerous food vendors located downtown, in addition to a large amount of off-campus housing and fraternity and sorority houses, make this

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8316-599: Is considered a "campus" for certain organizational purposes, such as the appointment of a separate chancellor. From July 18, 2023 Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences renamed to Rutgers Health.( https://rutgershealth.org/chancellor/communications/rutgers-health-brand-name-announcement ). RBHS comprises nine schools and other research centers and institutes including; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, School of Nursing , School of Dental Medicine, School of Health Related Professions,

8514-563: Is delineated by the all-glass Rutgers Business School building known as "100 Rock" (because of the building's Piscataway address, 100 Rockafeller Road). Rutgers Campus Buses transport students between the various campuses. As of 2010, the New Brunswick-Piscataway campuses include 19 undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools, including the School of Arts and Sciences , the School of Communication and Information ,

8712-544: Is glass in which more than one colour is present and caused in the manufacture by fusing through two colors being laminated, or through a superficial application of metallic oxide solutions. The four windows from the Tiffany studios include those donated by the college's Class of 1899 and Class of 1900. A window depicting Joan of Arc was donated in memory of Rutgers College sophomore Henry Janeway Weston (1877–1898) who committed suicide in 1898. According to Rutgers, this window

8910-504: Is governed by the Trustees of Princeton University and has an endowment of $ 37.7 billion, the largest endowment per student in the United States. Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities , social sciences , natural sciences , and engineering to approximately 8,500 students on its main campus spanning 600 acres (2.4 km ) within the borough of Princeton. It offers postgraduate degrees through

9108-512: Is maintained by investment advisers. Princeton's operating budget is over $ 2 billion per year, with 50% going to academic departments and programs, 33% to administrative and student service departments, 10% to financial aid departments, and 7% to the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory . Princeton follows a liberal arts curriculum, and offers two bachelor's degrees to students: a Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) and

9306-407: Is no oversight by state officials. Frequently, the president also occupies a professorship in his academic discipline and engages in instructing students. The current president is Jonathan Holloway who assumed the role on July 1, 2020. Governance at Rutgers University rests with a board of trustees consisting of 41 members, and a board of governors consisting of 15 voting members: 8 appointed by

9504-520: Is noted as the home of Rutgers' highly ranked Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, as well as the golf course and football stadium. The Livingston campus is home to Jersey Mike's Arena (formerly the Rutgers Athletic Center [RAC]), a trapezoidal building that is home to many sports teams, notably the men's basketball team. Additionally, this campus has undergone many renovations and is regarded as the most "modern" campus. The campus entrance

9702-576: Is the largest campus of the university. The Newark Campus in Newark and the Camden Campus in Camden are located in the northern and southern parts of the state, respectively. Combined, these campuses comprise 33 degree-granting schools and colleges, offering undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels of study. The university is centrally administered from New Brunswick, although chancellors at

9900-479: The College of New Jersey , Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The institution moved to Newark in 1747 and then to its Mercer County campus in Princeton nine years later. It officially became a university in 1896 and was subsequently renamed Princeton University. The university

10098-573: The American colonies before the Revolutionary War . Rutgers' website states that this bequest from Sophia Kirkpatrick's will was the first time in New Jersey legal history that an institution became a direct heir to an estate. Sophia was the daughter of wealthy merchant and land investor Thomas Astley of Philadelphia. She married Littleton Kirkpatrick (1797–1859) on October 18, 1832. Littleton, an attorney and 1815 graduate of Princeton ,

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10296-573: The Archibald S. Alexander Library opened in 1956. Voorhees, who was fully blind, gave a speech and was awarded an honorary degree at the dedication ceremony. Kirkpatrick Chapel was designed to complement the Gothic Revival brownstone exterior masonry of Geology Hall which was constructed the year before of New Jersey brownstone after Hardenbergh's earlier proposal for brick was found to be prohibitively expensive and overbudget. Brownstone

10494-570: The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia ; it was also where some of the founders preached. Although their initial request was rejected by the Anglican governor Lewis Morrison , the acting governor after Morrison's death, John Hamilton , granted a charter for the College of New Jersey on October 22, 1746. In 1747, approximately five months after acquiring the charter,

10692-645: The Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy , the School of Engineering , the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , the Graduate School, the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, the Graduate School of Education, the School of Management and Labor Relations , Mason Gross School of the Arts , the College of Nursing,

10890-575: The Governor of New Jersey and 7 chosen by and from among the board of trustees. The trustees constitute chiefly an advisory body to the board of governors and are the fiduciary overseers of the property and assets of the university that existed before the institution became the State University of New Jersey in 1945. The initial reluctance of the trustees (still acting as a private corporate body) to cede control of certain business affairs to

11088-638: The High Meadows Environmental Institute in 2020. In 2001, Princeton shifted the financial aid policy to a system that replaced all loans with grants. That same year, Princeton elected its first female president, Shirley M. Tilghman . Before retiring in 2012, Tilghman expanded financial aid offerings and conducted several major construction projects like the Lewis Center for the Arts and a sixth residential college. Tilghman also lead initiatives for more global programs,

11286-671: The Institute for Advanced Study was founded to provide a space for the influx of scientists, such as Albert Einstein . Many Princeton scientists would work on the Manhattan Project during the war, including the entire physics department. During World War II, Princeton offered an accelerated program for students to graduate early before entering the armed forces. Student enrollment fluctuated from month to month, and many faculty were forced to teach unfamiliar subjects. Still, Dodds maintained academic standards and would establish

11484-578: The Middle States Commission on Higher Education and is a member of the Association of American Universities and the Universities Research Association . Two decades after the College of New Jersey, which is now Princeton University , was established in 1746 by the New Light Presbyterians, ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church , seeking autonomy in ecclesiastical affairs in the Thirteen Colonies , sought to establish

11682-729: The New Jersey Historic Trust , the chapel's stained glass windows feature "some of the first opalescent and multicolored sheet glass manufactured in America." Four of the chapel's windows were created by the studios of Louis Comfort Tiffany . Kirkpatrick Chapel is a contributing property of the Queens Campus Historic District , which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 2, 1973. For its first 30 years,

11880-591: The New Jersey Medical School and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School to Rutgers University. In 2013, Rutgers changed part of its alma mater, " On the Banks of the Old Raritan ." Where the lyrics had stated, "My father sent me to old Rutgers, and resolved that I should be a man," now they state, "From far and near we came to Rutgers, and resolved to learn all that we can." The alma mater for

12078-586: The Newark and Camden campuses hold significant autonomy for some academic issues. The New Brunswick Campus (or Rutgers–New Brunswick) is the largest campus and the site of the original Rutgers College. Spread across six municipalities in Middlesex County, New Jersey , it lies chiefly in the City of New Brunswick and adjacent Piscataway and is composed of five smaller campuses and a few buildings in downtown New Brunswick. The historic College Avenue Campus

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12276-650: The Newark location of the Rutgers Law School . As of 2012 , 7,666 undergraduates and 4,345 graduate students (total 12,011) are enrolled at the Newark campus. Originally the University of Newark, the campus was renamed and rebranded as Rutgers–Newark in 1945. The Camden Campus (or Rutgers–Camden) consists of six undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools, including Camden College of Arts and Sciences, University College, Graduate School, Rutgers School of Business–Camden, Rutgers School of Nursing–Camden, and

12474-676: The Princeton School of Public and International Affairs , the School of Engineering and Applied Science , the School of Architecture and the Bendheim Center for Finance . The university also manages the Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and is home to the NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory . It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and has one of

12672-752: The Princeton Tigers , has won the most titles in its conference and has sent many students and alumni to the Olympics . As of October 2021, 75 Nobel laureates , 16 Fields Medalists and 16 Turing Award laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University as alumni, faculty members, or researchers. In addition, Princeton has been associated with 21 National Medal of Science awardees, 5 Abel Prize awardees, 11 National Humanities Medal recipients, 217 Rhodes Scholars , 137 Marshall Scholars , and 62 Gates Cambridge Scholars . Two U.S. presidents , twelve U.S. Supreme Court justices (three of whom serve on

12870-475: The Queens Campus . Built in 1872 when Rutgers was a small, private liberal arts college , the chapel was designed by architect Henry Janeway Hardenbergh at the beginning of his career. Hardenbergh, a native of New Brunswick, was the great-great-grandson of Rutgers' first president , the Rev. Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh . It was the third of three projects that Hardenbergh designed for the college. Kirkpatrick Chapel

13068-755: The Rutgers Business School and the School of Social Work. As of 2012 , 40,434 students (31,593 undergraduates and 8,841 graduate students) were enrolled at the New Brunswick-Piscataway campus. The New Brunswick-Piscataway campus includes a Business School building on the Livingston Campus. The Newark Campus (or Rutgers–Newark) consists of eight undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools, including Newark College of Arts and Sciences, University College, School of Criminal Justice, Graduate School, School of Nursing, School of Public Affairs and Administration , Rutgers Business School and

13266-720: The Rutgers-Princeton Cannon War . A compromise between the presidents of Princeton and Rutgers ended the war and forced the return of the Little Cannon to Princeton. The protruding cannons are occasionally painted scarlet by Rutgers students who continue the traditional dispute. Though art collection at the university dates back to its very founding, the Princeton University Art Museum was not officially established until 1882 by President McCosh. Its establishment arose from

13464-463: The School of Architecture , the School of Engineering and Applied Science , and the School of Public and International Affairs . Additionally, the school's Bendheim Center for Finance provides education for the area of money and finance in lieu of a business school . Princeton did host a Princeton Law School for a short period, before eventually closing in 1852 due to poor income. Princeton's lack of other professional schools can be attributed to

13662-490: The "Charter Window" was donated by Frelinghuysen family to commemorate the 175th anniversary of the signing, and dedicated to their ancestor the Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen (1692–1747)—an early advocate for establishing the college—and his sons Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen II (1724–c.1760) and Rev. John Frelinghuysen (1727–1754). Rev. Frelinghuysen, his sons, and Rev. Hardenbergh were instrumental raising funds and political support for establishing

13860-451: The 2008 plan, Princeton has aimed at reducing its carbon dioxide emissions to 1990 levels without the purchase of market offsets and predicts to meet the goal by 2026 (the former goal was by 2020 but COVID-19 requirements delayed this). Princeton released its second Sustainability Action Plan in 2019 on Earth Day with its main goal being reducing campus greenhouse gases to net zero by 2046 as well as other objectives building on those in

14058-734: The 2008 plan. In 2021, the university agreed to divest from thermal coal and tar sand segments of the fossil fuel industry and from companies that are involved in climate disinformation after student protest. Princeton is a member of the Ivy Plus Sustainability Consortium, through which it has committed to best-practice sharing and the ongoing exchange of campus sustainability solutions along with other member institutions. Princeton's Sustainability Action Plan also aims to have zero waste through recycling programs, sustainable purchasing, and behavioral and operational strategies. Princeton's 20th and current president

14256-677: The 241-year history of Rutgers College as a distinct institution. Students at the 2011 Rutgers tuition protests fought against rising education costs and diminished state subsidies. Campus groups (including the Rutgers Student Union, the Rutgers One Coalition, and the Rutgers University Student Assembly (RUSA), supported by New Jersey United Students (NJUS), mobilized to keep the increase in annual student financial obligation to

14454-630: The Americas. The museum's art is divided into ten extensive curatorial areas. There is a collection of Greek and Roman antiquities , including ceramics, marbles, bronzes, and Roman mosaics from faculty excavations in Antioch , as well as other art from the ancient Egyptian, Byzantium , and Islamic worlds. The non-Islamic coins were catalogued by Dorothy B. Waage . Medieval Europe is represented by sculpture, metalwork, and stained glass. The collection of Western European paintings includes examples from

14652-594: The Camden campus "On the Banks of the Old Delaware" are lyrically similar aside from the river name. In 2016, Rutgers celebrated its 250th anniversary. On May 15, President Barack Obama became the first sitting president to speak at the university's commencement. The university held a variety of celebrations, academic programs, and commemorative events which culminated on the 250th anniversary date, November 10, 2016. Rutgers invited multiple notable alumni from around

14850-494: The Camden location of the Rutgers Law School . The schools are located in the Cooper's Grant and Central Waterfront neighborhoods of Camden. As of 2012 , 4,708 undergraduates and 1,635 graduate students (total 6,343) are enrolled at the Camden campus. The campus was founded as the College of South Jersey and South Jersey Law School in the 1920s, and became part of Rutgers in 1950. The Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS)

15048-591: The College Avenue Campus." Most of the block had been occupied by the New Brunswick Theological Seminary . Rutgers agreed to rebuild the seminary in exchange for the land it gave up. In 2013, most of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey was integrated with Rutgers University and, along with several existing Rutgers units, was reformed as Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences . This merger attached

15246-494: The College of New Jersey initially suggested that Nassau Hall be named in recognition of Belcher because of his interest in the institution; the governor vetoed the request. Burr, who would die in 1757, devised a curriculum for the school and enlarged the student body. Following the untimely death of Burr and the college's next three presidents , John Witherspoon became president in 1768 and remained in that post until his death in 1794. With his presidency, Witherspoon focused

15444-478: The Faculty of Arts and Sciences were merged into the new " School of Arts and Sciences " with one set of admissions criteria, curriculum, and graduation requirements. At this time, the liberal arts components of Cook College were absorbed into the School of Arts and Sciences as well, while the other aspects of that college remained, but as the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences. These changes in 2007 ended

15642-451: The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, separate standards for admission, good standing, and graduation continued for students, depending on which residential college they were enrolled in. In January 1987, around 2,800 non-teaching employees went on strike for increased salaries, which ended after nine days after an agreement with the administration was made. In 2007, Rutgers New Brunswick, Douglass, Livingston, and University Colleges, along with

15840-685: The Geological Hall, would be built on Old Queens north side. Kirkpatrick Chapel was the third of three projects that Hardenbergh designed for Rutgers College. Hardenbergh was at the beginning of his career, and later would design several hotels and skyscrapers in American cities, including designing New York City's Plaza Hotel and the Dakota Building on Central Park among other Edwardian-period buildings. After his death in 1918, Architectural Record celebrated Hardenbergh as "one of

16038-484: The Honor Code, faculty do not proctor examinations; instead, the students proctor one another and must report any suspected violation to an Honor Committee made up of undergraduates. The Committee investigates reported violations and holds a hearing if it is warranted. An acquittal at such a hearing results in the destruction of all records of the hearing; a conviction results in the student's suspension or expulsion. Violations pertaining to all other academic work fall under

16236-599: The Middle Ages . The extensive iconography, in stained glass, stonework, and wood carvings, has the common theme of connecting religion and scholarship. Published in 2008, the Sustainability Action Plan was the first formal plan for sustainability enacted by the university. It focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conservation of resources, and research, education, and civic engagement for sustainability through 10 year objectives. Since

16434-519: The New Jersey College for Women, later Douglass College, which was later merged into Rutgers. After Rutgers transitioned from a private church-affiliated college to a non-sectarian public university after World War II, the role of the chapel transitioned to less frequent worship services and religious use to providing a venue for the university's special events—including convocations, lectures, programs, and classes. Despite this transition,

16632-553: The Pennsylvania Assembly, delegate to the Continental Congress , judge, mayor of New Brunswick, and was a Revolutionary War hero. The Kirkpatrick family had a long association with Queen's College and subsequently with Rutgers. Several members of the family served as trustees or received degrees from the college, including the following: In 1870, the trustees of Rutgers College had decided to build

16830-597: The Rutgers Academic Building. Kirkpatrick Chapel was completed at a cost of $ 52,204.57 (2013: US$ 1,003,893.88), and dedicated on December 3, 1873. The chapel, seating 350 people, occupied the front section of the present building. The rear of the building had lecture rooms, the office of the college president, a meeting room for the trustees on the first floor, and a library on the second floor. In August 1916, workmen began to convert Kirkpatrick Chapel into one large assembly room to be used exclusively as

17028-501: The School of Education in 1924. With the development of graduate education, and the continued expansion of the institution, the collection of schools became Rutgers University in 1924. Rutgers College continued as a liberal arts college within the university. Later, University College (1945) was founded to serve part-time, commuting students and Livingston College (1969) was created by the Rutgers Trustees, ensuring that

17226-597: The School of Public Health, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Environmental and the Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Brain Health Institute, and the Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research. The programs are offered at different location sites across New Jersey in New Brunswick, Newark, Blackwood, Stratford and Scotch Plains. As of 2015, Rutgers offered

17424-654: The Synod and devised a plan to establish a new college, for they were disappointed with Harvard and Yale 's opposition to the Great Awakening and dissatisfied with the limited instruction at the Log College. They convinced three other Presbyterians to join them and decided on New Jersey as the location for the college, as at the time, there was no institution between Yale College in New Haven, Connecticut , and

17622-646: The Teacher of the Ages", was also designed by Tiffany studios. It was donated by William P. Hardenbergh after the renovation of the chapel in 1916 and dedicated to his great-great-grandfather and the college's first president, the Rev. Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh (1735–1790). A large window over the narthex (or the entrance of the chapel) and a choir loft commemorates the signing of charter creating Queen's College in 1766 by New Jersey's last royal governor , William Franklin . According to Star-Ledger columnist Mark DiIonno,

17820-623: The Third World Center (now known as the Carl A. Fields Center) was dedicated in 1971. Goheen also oversaw great expansion for the university, with square footage increasing by 80 percentage. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Princeton experienced unprecedented activism, with most of it centered on the Vietnam War . While Princeton activism initially remained relatively timid compared to other institutions, protests began to grow with

18018-555: The United States) from June 30, 1783, to November 4, 1783. Since 1911, the front entrance has been flanked by two bronze tigers, a gift of the Princeton Class of 1879, which replaced two lions previously given in 1889. Starting in 1922, commencement has been held on the front lawn of Nassau Hall when there is good weather. In 1966, Nassau Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places . Nowadays, it houses

18216-508: The University of Newark (1935) in 1946 and then the College of South Jersey and South Jersey Law School, in 1950. These two institutions became Rutgers University–Newark and Rutgers University–Camden , respectively. On September 10, 1970, after much debate, the board of governors voted to admit women into Rutgers College. There were setbacks in the growth of the university. In 1967, the Rutgers Physics Department had

18414-415: The addition to Alexander Johnston Hall in 1870, Hardenbergh was hired to design a Gothic Revival -style Geological Hall that was erected in 1872 on the south side of Old Queen's; the hall was built with funds Rutgers had received from the federal government in becoming New Jersey's land grant college and from the university's first fundraising campaign. The new chapel, designed by Hardenbergh to complement

18612-733: The administration commissioned a report on admitting women. The final report was issued in January 1969, supporting the idea. That same month, Princeton's trustees voted 24–8 in favor of coeducation and began preparing the institution for the transition. The university finished these plans in April 1969 and announced there would be coeducation in September. Ultimately, 101 female freshman and 70 female transfer students enrolled at Princeton in September 1969. Those admitted were housed in Pyne Hall,

18810-464: The age of 68, she named Rutgers College as her estate's residuary legatee . At that time, Rutgers was a small, private liberal arts college in New Brunswick, New Jersey , affiliated with the Dutch Reformed faith . Founded in 1766 as Queen's College, Rutgers is the eighth-oldest institution of higher education established in the United States. It was one of nine colleges founded in

19008-687: The all-male Rutgers University Glee Club , and other musical groups at the university's Mason Gross School of the Arts frequently use the chapel for concerts. According to Demarest, after the building was completed, college president William Henry Campbell was charged with raising $ 3,000 to acquire reference books for the library. An 1876 survey by the U.S. Bureau of Education reported that Rutgers held 6,814 volumes in its college library and 3,800 in libraries of its two student literary societies—the Peithessophian Society and Philoclean Society . In 1884, President Merrill Gates appointed

19206-479: The application for inclusion on the National Register as "similar to an English country church". Internally, the chapel has a nave and aisles with the arcade supported on slender iron columns. The roof is of open timber in black walnut and stained pine. Similarly, the former library that is presently part of the expanded chapel (as of 1916) was "finished with open-timbered roof in the native wood." Both

19404-412: The armed forces, with 151 dying during the war. After the war, enrollment spiked and the trustees established the system of selective admission in 1922. From the 1920s to the 1930s, the student body featured many students from preparatory schools, zero Black students, and dwindling Jewish enrollment because of quotas. Aside from managing Princeton during WWI, Hibben introduced the senior thesis in 1923 as

19602-445: The arts, science and engineering, social analysis, cultural difference, epistemology and cognition, ethical thought and moral values, historical analysis, and quantitative and computational reasoning; they must also have satisfactory ability in a foreign language. Additionally, they must complete two papers of independent work during their junior year—known as the junior papers—and craft a senior thesis to graduate; both revolve around

19800-574: The board of trustees and dissatisfaction with his administration, he was forced to resign in 1902. Following Patton's resignation, Woodrow Wilson , an alumnus and popular professor, was elected the 13th president of the university. Noticing falling academic standards, Wilson orchestrated significant changes to the curriculum, where freshman and sophomores followed a unified curriculum while juniors and seniors concentrated study in one discipline. Ambitious seniors were allowed to undertake independent work, which would eventually shape Princeton's emphasis on

19998-648: The campus R.O.T.C. chapter in a game of touch football . As the years went on, the protests' agenda broadened to investments in South Africa, environmental issues, and women's rights. In response to these broadening protests, the Council of the Princeton University Community (CPUC) was founded to serve as a method for greater student voice in governance. Activism culminated in 1970 with a student, faculty, and staff member strike , so

20196-494: The cannon was returned to Princeton and placed at the eastern end of town. Two years later, it was moved to the campus under cover of night by Princeton students, and in 1840, it was buried in its current location. A second "Little Cannon" is buried in the lawn in front of nearby Whig Hall. The cannon, which may also have been captured in the Battle of Princeton, was stolen by students of Rutgers University in 1875. The theft ignited

20394-403: The certificates effectively serve as one. Course structure is determined by the instructor and department. Classes vary in their format, ranging from small seminars to medium-sized lecture courses to large lecture courses. The latter two typically have precepts , which are extra weekly discussion sessions that are led by either the professor or a graduate student. The average class meeting time

20592-466: The chapel still has a place in the continuing traditions of the university. Since 1876, graduating classes would have a stone on the exterior of the chapel carved with their class year. Early classes chose the stone while today, new classes engrave stones that located next to the class that graduated 50 years before. Further, the chapel is frequently booked for weddings, baptisms, memorial services and concerts. The university's 50-member Kirkpatrick Choir ,

20790-600: The chapel was used as a college library and for holding daily chapel services. Although Rutgers was founded as a private college affiliated with the Dutch Reformed faith, today, it is a state university and nonsectarian. The chapel is available to students, alumni, and faculty of all faiths, and a variety of services are held throughout the academic term. It is also used for university events including convocation, concerts, alumni and faculty weddings, funerals, and lectures by prominent intellectuals and world leaders. When Sophia Astley Kirkpatrick (1802–1871) died on March 6, 1871, at

20988-536: The chapel's windows were designed and crafted in the studios of Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848–1933). Tiffany and Hardenbergh were acquainted through their work with the Architectural League of New York . According to the New Jersey Historic Trust , the windows are "some of the first opalescent and multicolored sheet glass manufactured in America." Opalescent glass, used often in Tiffany glass windows,

21186-531: The city's First Presbyterian Church , she was later described as having "adorned her profession by her Christian graces and her many deeds of charity and beneficence to the needy and suffering." Littleton Kirkpatrick was the son of Jane Bayard and Judge Andrew Kirkpatrick who served as Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court . He was grandson of Philadelphia merchant and statesman Colonel John Bayard (1738–1807) who served as speaker of

21384-521: The college became the site for the Battle of Princeton . During the battle, British soldiers briefly occupied Nassau Hall before eventually surrendering to American forces led by General George Washington . During the summer and fall of 1783, the Continental Congress and Washington met in Nassau Hall, making Princeton the country's capital for four months; Nassau Hall is where Congress learned of

21582-473: The college on preparing a new generation of both educated clergy and secular leadership in the new American nation. To this end, he tightened academic standards, broadened the curriculum, solicited investment for the college, and grew its size. A signatory of the Declaration of Independence , Witherspoon and his leadership led the college to becoming influential to the American Revolution . In 1777,

21780-474: The college under the corporate name the trustees of Queen's College, in New-Jersey , named in honor of Queen Charlotte (1744–1818), and created both the college and the Queen's College Grammar School, intended to be a preparatory school affiliated and governed by the college. The Grammar School, today the private Rutgers Preparatory School , was a part of the college community until 1959. New Brunswick

21978-465: The college's chapel. William P. Hardenbergh, the brother of the architect Henry J. Hardenbergh, donated $ 10,000 (2013: US$ 212,800) for this purpose in honour of his ancestor who served as the college's first president. Work proceeded quickly and was completed in two months before the college's planned 150th anniversary celebrations scheduled in October. The inner partitions that separated the chapel from

22176-473: The college's president in 1868, and lifted the institution out of a low period that had been brought about by the war. During his two decades of service, he overhauled the curriculum, oversaw an expansion of inquiry into the sciences, recruited distinguished faculty, and supervised the addition of a number of buildings in the High Victorian Gothic style to the campus. McCosh's tenure also saw

22374-518: The college. The windows of Kirkpatrick chapel underwent an eleven-year restoration beginning in 2004 with the chapel's clerestory windows under the direction of Michael Padovan and his studio Jersey Art Stained Glass in Frenchtown, New Jersey . An alumnus and local attorney, Edward Sullivan Vail (1819–1889), a graduate from the class of 1839, is listed in University publications as "Collector of Portraits for Kirkpatrick Chapel", after spearheading

22572-628: The concentration they are pursuing. B.S.E. majors complete fewer courses in the humanities and social sciences and instead fulfill requirements in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and computer programming. They likewise must complete independent work, which typically involves a design project or senior thesis, but not the junior papers. A.B. majors must complete 31 courses, whereas B.S.E. majors must complete 36 courses. Students can choose from either 36 concentrations or create their own. They can also participate in 55 interdisciplinary certificate programs; since Princeton does not offer an academic minor ,

22770-515: The construction of the chapel. According to Rutgers, this marked the first time in New Jersey history that an institution became a direct heir to an estate. The chapel was designed in the High Victorian Gothic Revival style that was popular at the middle of the nineteenth century in the United States. Hardenbergh's design incorporated features common to fourteenth-century German and English Gothic churches. According to

22968-460: The construction of two new buildings. In 1807, a large student riot occurred at Nassau Hall, spurred by underlying distrust of educational reforms by Smith away from the Church. Following Smith's mishandling of the situation, falling enrollment, and faculty resignations, the trustees of the university offered resignation to Smith, which he accepted. In 1812, Ashbel Green was unanimously elected by

23166-406: The contract through family connections. His great-great-grandfather, the Rev. Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh (1735–1790), was Rutgers' first president and one of its founders. Further, several members of his family were graduates, trustees, or otherwise associated with the school through the nineteenth century. His grandfather, Rev. Jacob Janeway served as vice president of the college, and turned down

23364-565: The cornerstone on April 27, 1809. Shortly after, the New Brunswick Theological Seminary , founded in 1784, relocated from Brooklyn , to New Brunswick, and shared facilities with Queen's College and the Queen's College Grammar School , and all three institutions were then overseen by the Reformed Church in America . During those formative years, all three institutions fit into Old Queens. In 1830, Queen's College Grammar School moved across

23562-470: The court as of 2010 ) and numerous living industry and media tycoons and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princeton's alumni body. Princeton has graduated many members of the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Cabinet , including eight secretaries of state , three secretaries of defense and two chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Princeton University, founded as the College of New Jersey,

23760-589: The creation and rise of many extracurricular activities, like the Princeton Glee Club , the Triangle Club , the first intercollegiate football team, and the first permanent eating club , as well as the elimination of fraternities and sororities. In 1879, Princeton conferred its first doctorates on James F. Williamson and William Libby, both members of the Class of 1877. Francis Patton took

23958-454: The creation of an office of sustainability, and investments into the sciences. Princeton's 20th and current president, Christopher Eisgruber , was elected in 2013. In 2017, Princeton University unveiled a large-scale public history and digital humanities investigation into its historical involvement with slavery called the Princeton & Slavery Project. The project saw the publication of hundreds of primary sources, 80 scholarly essays,

24156-662: The early Renaissance through the 19th century, with pieces by Monet , Cézanne , and Van Gogh , and features a growing collection of 20th-century and contemporary art, including paintings such as Andy Warhol 's Blue Marilyn. The museum features a collection of Chinese and Japanese art, with holdings in bronzes, tomb figurines, painting, and calligraphy , as well as collections of Korean, Southeast, and Central Asian art. Its collection of pre-Columbian art includes examples of Mayan and Olmec art, and its indigenous art ranges from Chile to Alaska to Greenland. The museum has collections of old master prints and drawings, and it has

24354-421: The effort to collecting over sixty paintings portraying Rutgers presidents , prominent trustees, professors and the chapel's namesake, Sophia Astley Kirkpatrick. Kirkpatrick, whose portrait was painted by an American artist named G. Bruecke, is the only woman among the collection. The earliest portraits date to the eighteenth century. The walls inside Kirkpatrick Chapel are adorned with memorial plaques recording

24552-603: The end of the 19th century, much of Princeton's architecture was designed by the Cope and Stewardson firm (led by the same University of Pennsylvania professors of architecture who designed a large part of Washington University in St. Louis and University of Pennsylvania ) resulting in the Collegiate Gothic style for which Princeton is known for today. Implemented initially by William Appleton Potter , and later enforced by

24750-648: The enrollment doubled. Hibben's successor, Harold Willis Dodds would lead the university through the Great Depression , World War II , and the Korean Conflict . With the Great Depression, many students were forced to withdraw due to financial reasons. At the same time, Princeton's reputation in physics and mathematics surged as many European scientists left for the United States due to uneasy tension caused by Nazi Germany . In 1930,

24948-657: The establishment of the Rutgers Scientific School, featuring departments of agriculture , engineering , and chemistry . The Rutgers Scientific School would expand over the years to grow into the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (1880) and divide into the College of Engineering (1914) and the College of Agriculture (1921). Rutgers created the New Jersey College for Women in 1918, and

25146-444: The first African American and person of color to be named president of Rutgers . On April 9, 2023, three unions voted to go on the first strike by academics in the university's 257-year history, citing the lack of progress on contract talks between union representatives and university officials. As a result, classes and research were suspended until a tentative agreement was reached on April 15, 2023. Five months later, in September,

25344-507: The first half of the 20th century. Due to the tightening of academic standards, enrollment declined severely until 1907. In 1906, the reservoir Lake Carnegie was created by Andrew Carnegie , and the university officially became nonsectarian . Before leaving office, Wilson strengthened the science program to focus on "pure" research and broke the Presbyterian lock on the board of trustees. However, he did fail in winning support for

25542-510: The following way as mandated by state law: 20 charter members (of whom at least three shall be women), 16 alumni members nominated by the nominating committee of the board of trustees, and five public members appointed by the governor of the state with confirmation by the New Jersey State Senate. Rutgers University has three campuses in New Jersey. The New Brunswick Campus, located in New Brunswick and adjacent Piscataway ,

25740-421: The following year in the Graduate School. In 1964, T'sai-ying Cheng became the first woman at Princeton to receive a Ph.D. In 1963, five women came to Princeton for one year to study "critical languages" as undergraduates, but were not candidates for a Princeton degree. Following abortive discussions with Sarah Lawrence College to relocate the women's college to Princeton and merge it with the university in 1967,

25938-412: The force of large pipe organ regarded as one of the "finest classical examples of the instrument anywhere in the state." In 1916, the daughter of Rutgers alumnus George Buckham (A.B. 1832), donated $ 10,000 (2013: US$ 212,800) to the college for a new organ in her father's memory. Her donation coincided with the observance of Rutgers' 150th anniversary that year, and the completion of a renovation to remove

26136-402: The forces as they crossed the Raritan River and passed through New Brunswick in 1776. British forces commanded by Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis under orders from Lieutenant General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe pursued Washington as far as New Brunswick. A historic marker erected as a gift of the Class of 1899 is located next to the chapel, though a more accurate marker is located near

26334-609: The former library and other rooms were removed. The removal of the partitions expanded the capacity of the chapel from 350 persons to 800. However, current fire codes limit capacity to 650. For its first fifty years, Kirkpatrick Chapel was used for daily worship services by the Rutgers College student body. By 1926, the increasing size of the student body had forced Rutgers to stop daily mandatory chapel services and hold services for underclassmen on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday; and for upperclassman on Tuesday and Thursday. Within

26532-639: The founding of a local chapter of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in 1965, which organized many of the later Princeton protests. In 1966, the SDS gained prominence on campus following picketing against a speech by President Lyndon B. Johnson , which gained frontpage coverage by the New York Times. A notable point of contention on campus was the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) and would feature multiple protests, some of which required police action. In 1967, SDS members and sympathizers beat

26730-410: The future as special cases, but does not plan to make general admissions of women graduate students." The student-run Daily Princetonian ran four articles about Meservey in one issue, including an editorial lamenting the potential "far reaching implications" of Meservey's admission which concluded: "Princeton is unique as an undergraduate men's college and must remain so." Eight more women enrolled

26928-481: The holdings by 21,000 volumes before informing the president and trustees in 1894 that the library was inadequate to house the collection. The trustees feared that the collection posed a fire hazard or would collapse the floor of the second-floor library. By 1903 the library in Kirkpatrick Chapel housed 45,000 books that were "crowded on the shelves, many hid behind others, and piled on the floor" and that

27126-494: The honor system was established, allowing for unproctored exams. In 1896, the college officially became a university, and as a result, it officially changed its name to Princeton University. In 1900, the Graduate School was formally established. Even with such accomplishments, Patton's administration remained lackluster with its administrative structure and towards its educational standards. Due to profile changes in

27324-573: The interests of ethnically diverse New Jersey students were met. Rutgers was designated the state university of New Jersey by acts of the New Jersey Legislature in 1945 and 1956. Although Rutgers thus became a public university, it still retains—as the successor to the private college founded and chartered in 1766—some important private rights and protections from unilateral state efforts to change its fundamental character and mission. The newly-designated state university absorbed

27522-474: The investment of the university's endowment, and oversees campus real estate and long-range physical planning. The trustees also exercise prior review and approval concerning changes in major policies such as those in instructional programs and admission as well as tuition and fees and the hiring of faculty members. The university is composed of the Undergraduate College, the Graduate School ,

27720-584: The iron columns and the walls were painted in delicate tints. The chapel was described by alumnus Michael C. Barr and architecture professor Edward Wilkens as having "a particularly graceful interior of wood" with "light, delicate proportions." Kirkpatrick Chapel was included as part of the Queen's Campus on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1973, and on the National Register of Historic Places on July 2, 1973. Since 1916, Kirkpatrick Chapel's services have been augmented by

27918-505: The jurisdiction of the Faculty-Student Committee on Discipline. Undergraduates are expected to sign a pledge on their written work affirming that they have not plagiarized the work. The first focus on issues of grade inflation by the Princeton administration began in 1998 when a university report was released showcasing a steady rise in undergraduate grades from 1973 to 1997. Subsequent reports and discussion from

28116-486: The lake's shore continues to serve as the headquarters for Princeton rowing. Princeton's grounds were designed by Beatrix Farrand between 1912 and 1943. Her contributions were most recently recognized with the naming of a courtyard for her. Subsequent changes to the landscape were introduced by Quennell Rothschild & Partners in 2000. In 2005, Michael Van Valkenburgh was hired as the new consulting landscape architect for Princeton's 2016 Campus Plan. Lynden B. Miller

28314-453: The land was converted to commercial and residential spaces. Robert Goheen would succeed Dodds by unanimous vote and serve as president until 1972. Goheen's presidency was characterized as being more liberal than previous presidents, and his presidency would see a rise in Black applicants, as well as the eventual coeducation of the university in 1969. During this period of rising diversity,

28512-478: The landscaped campus of Douglass College , a women's college that was traditionally paired with Rutgers, the College Farm, and additional grounds in adjacent Piscataway. Apart from the New Brunswick core, campuses at Rutgers University–Newark ; Rutgers University–Camden ; and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences complete the university's main footprint. The university has additional facilities throughout

28710-490: The largest libraries in the colonies. In 1756, the college moved again to its present home in Princeton, New Jersey , because Newark was felt to be too close to New York. Princeton was chosen for its location in central New Jersey and by strong recommendation by Belcher. The college's home in Princeton was Nassau Hall , named for the royal William III of England , a member of the House of Orange-Nassau . The trustees of

28908-460: The largest university libraries in the world. Princeton uses a residential college system and is known for its eating clubs for juniors and seniors. The university has over 500 student organizations. Princeton students embrace a wide variety of traditions from both the past and present. The university is an NCAA Division I school and competes in the Ivy League. The school's athletic team,

29106-509: The library was fast becoming too small to accommodate. After reading of the college's effort to build a new library in a Reformed Church publication, Ralph Voorhees and his wife Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees contacted president Austin Scott for the library plans and an estimate of construction costs. Voorhees and his wife, whose wealth came as an inheritance from her family's shipping and importing business, donated $ 59,000 (2013: US$ 1,552,880) to erect

29304-447: The library. In 1961, Princeton admitted its first female graduate student, Sabra Follett Meservey, who would go on to be the first woman to earn a master's degree at Princeton. Meservey was, at the time of her admission, already a member of the faculty at Douglass College within Princeton. The dean of the graduate school issued a statement clarifying that Meservey's admission was an exception, and that "Princeton may permit other women in

29502-698: The most august and inspiring figures that American architecture has produced." Kirkpatrick Chapel was erected on a hilltop on which Alexander Hamilton , then an artillery captain commanding sixty men of the New York Provincial Company of Artillery , was thought to have placed his cannons to cover the retreat of George Washington 's forces after the British occupation of New York. After the British victory in taking Fort Washington in November 1776, Washington's forces retreated across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania. Hamilton's battery protected

29700-479: The names of Rutgers graduates who died in war. In 1966, Richard P. McCormick wrote that the names of 234 men and two women associated with Rutgers who died "in the line of duty" are inscribed in the chapel's Service Book and that a number of "Gold Star scholarships" were established by the Alumni Association as a tribute. This number of alumni killed in action has increased since McCormick's tabulation

29898-453: The nation's premier organ-builder in the early twentieth century, gave personal attention to the building of this organ. When the purchase of the organ was being considered in 1916, Rutgers' director of music, Howard D. McKinney (RC 1903), sought the advice of English organist T. Tertius Noble who had been installed as the organist and music director at Saint Thomas Church (Episcopal) on Fifth Avenue and 53rd Street in New York City. When it

30096-438: The new academic year starting September 2024 with administrators facing calls for resignation from faculty. Princeton explicitly prohibited the admission of women from its founding in 1746 until 1969. Since it lacked an affiliated women's college, it was often referred to as a "monastery", both lovingly and derisively, by members of the Princeton community. For about a decade, from 1887 to 1897, nearby Evelyn College for Women

30294-490: The newly formed Rutgers Medical School hired major faculty members from other institutions. In 1971, the governor's office separated Rutgers Medical School from Rutgers University and made it part of New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry , and many faculty left the medical school, including the dean of the medical school, Dewitt Stetten, who later became the director of the National Institutes of Health. As

30492-449: The office of the university president and other administrative offices. To the south of Nassau Hall lies a courtyard that is known as Cannon Green. Buried in the ground at the center is the "Big Cannon", which was left in Princeton by British troops as they fled following the Battle of Princeton. It remained in Princeton until the War of 1812 , when it was taken to New Brunswick . In 1836,

30690-452: The partitions dividing the chapel from the former library and classrooms. Previously, an organ purchased by the class of 1866 was located in the gallery above the chapel's narthex. Built in 1916 as the "Opus 255" by the Ernest M. Skinner & Company of Boston, the organ featured 33 stops, 24 registers, 27 ranks, and 1606 pipes. According to Rutgers, Skinner (1866–1960) who was considered

30888-441: The peace treaty between the colonies and the British. The college did suffer from the revolution, with a depreciated endowment and hefty repair bills for Nassau Hall. In 1795, President Samuel Stanhope Smith took office, the first alumnus to become president. Nassau Hall suffered a large fire that destroyed its interior in 1802, which Smith blamed on rebellious students. The college raised funds for reconstruction, as well as

31086-486: The permanent location of the Graduate School and the elimination of the eating clubs, which he proposed replacing with quadrangles, a precursor to the residential college system. Wilson also continued to keep Princeton closed off from accepting Black students. When an aspiring Black student wrote a letter to Wilson, he got his secretary to reply telling him to attend a university where he would be more welcome. John Grier Hibben became president in 1912, and would remain in

31284-512: The post for two decades. On October 2, 1913, the Princeton University Graduate College was dedicated. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, Hibben allocated all available University resources to the government. As a result, military training schools opened on campus and laboratories and other facilities were used for research and operational programs. Overall, more than 6,000 students served in

31482-475: The post of president in 1840. Hardenbergh studied for five years as an apprentice draftsman under German-American architect Detlef Lienau . Lienau was also connected with projects in the city of New Brunswick and later designed the Gardner A. Sage Library (1875) on the campus of New Brunswick Theological Seminary after Hardenbergh's earlier design for the seminary's Suydam Hall, built in 1873. After completing

31680-463: The practice for the future. Wilson further reformed the educational system by introducing the preceptorial system in 1905, a then-unique concept in the United States that augmented the standard lecture method of teaching with a more personal form in which small groups of students, or precepts, could interact with a single instructor, or preceptor, in their field of interest. The changes brought about many new faculty and cemented Princeton's academics for

31878-634: The predecessor of the university, the idea has been rebuked by Princeton historians. The founding of the university itself originated from a split in the Presbyterian church following the Great Awakening . In 1741, New Light Presbyterians were expelled from the Synod of Philadelphia in defense of how the Log College ordained ministers. The four founders of the College of New Jersey, who were New Lights, were either expelled or withdrew from

32076-408: The presidency in 1888, and although his election was not met by unanimous enthusiasm, he was well received by undergraduates. Patton's administration was marked by great change, for Princeton's enrollment and faculty had doubled. At the same time, the college underwent large expansion and social life was changing in reflection of the rise in eating clubs and burgeoning interest in athletics. In 1893,

32274-507: The reeds were repaired. The organ's components were releathered in 1957. From 1958 to 1961, the organ was updated and rebuilt by the Aeolian-Skinner Organ Company , the successor to Ernest M. Skinner's company. University organist David A. Drinkwater oversaw the work as the organ—then renamed "Opus 255-C"—expanded to 59 stops, 52 ranks, and 3,059 pipes. As of 2013, the chapel's organ has "gone silent" after several years of problems and failures and has been temporarily replaced with

32472-564: The report culminated to when in 2004, Nancy Weiss Malkiel , the dean of the college, implemented a grade deflation policy to address the findings. Malkiel's reason for the policy was that an A was becoming devalued as a larger percentage of the student body received one. Following its introduction, the number of A's and average GPA on campus dropped, although A's and B's were still the most frequent grades awarded. The policy received mixed approval from both faculty and students when first instituted. Criticism for grade deflation continued through

32670-405: The same organization as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". U.S. News & World Report considers the New Brunswick campus of Rutgers University to be a "more selective" school in terms of the rigor of its admissions processes. For the Class of 2025 (enrolling fall 2021), the New Brunswick campus received 43,161 applications and accepted 29,419 (68.2%). The number enrolling

32868-410: The school was open to those of any religious denomination, with many of the founders being of Presbyterian faith, the college became the educational and religious capital of Scotch-Irish Presbyterian America. In 1747, following the death of then President Jonathan Dickinson, the college moved from Elizabeth to Newark, New Jersey , as that was where presidential successor Aaron Burr Sr. 's parsonage

33066-450: The several separate " residential colleges " (Rutgers, Douglass, Livingston, University, and Cook colleges) at Rutgers–New Brunswick. In 1982, under president Edward J. Bloustein , the liberal arts faculties of these five institutions were centralized into one college, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, which itself had no students. The separate residential colleges persisted for students, and while instructors for classes were now drawn from

33264-430: The state government for direction and oversight caused the state to establish the Board of governors in 1956. Today, the board of governors maintains much of the corporate control of the university. The members of the board of trustees are voted upon by different constituencies or appointed. "Two faculty and two students are elected by the University Senate as nonvoting representatives. The 59 voting members are chosen in

33462-407: The state, including oceanographic research facilities at the Jersey Shore . Rutgers is a land-grant , sea-grant , and space-grant university, as well as the largest university in the state . Instruction is offered by 9,000 faculty members in 175 academic departments to over 45,000 undergraduate students and more than 20,000 graduate and professional students. The university is accredited by

33660-421: The street, and in 1856, the seminary relocated to a seven-acre (28,000 m ) tract less than one-half mile (800 m) away. After several years of closure resulting from an economic depression after the War of 1812 , Queen's College reopened in 1825 and was renamed "Rutgers College" in honor of American Revolutionary War hero Henry Rutgers (1745–1830). According to the board of trustees, Colonel Rutgers

33858-414: The tavern and held classes in private homes. Like many colleges founded in the U.S. during this time, Rutgers benefited from slave labor and funds derived from purchasing and selling slaves. Research undertaken at the university in the 2010s began to uncover and document these connections, including the university's foundation on land taken from the indigenous Lenape people. In its early years, due to

34056-475: The trustees elected Jonathan Dickinson as president and opened in Elizabeth, New Jersey , where classes were held in Dickinson's parsonage . With its founding, it became the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and one of nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The founders aimed for the college to have an expansive curriculum to teach people of various professions, not solely ministerial work. Though

34254-399: The trustees of the college to become the eighth president. After the liberal tenure of Smith, Green represented the conservative "Old Side", in which he introduced rigorous disciplinary rules and heavily embraced religion. Even so, believing the college was not religious enough, he took a prominent role in establishing the Princeton Theological Seminary next door. While student riots were

34452-473: The university could become an "institution against expansion of the war." Princeton's protests would taper off later that year, with The Daily Princetonian saying that, "Princeton 1970–71 was an emotionally burned out university." In 1982, the residential college system was officially established under Goheen's successor William G. Bowen , who would serve until 1988. During his presidency, Princeton's endowment increased from $ 625 million to $ 2 billion, and

34650-481: The university through the American Civil War . When Nassau Hall burned down again in 1855, Maclean raised funds and used the money to rebuild Nassau Hall and run the university on an austerity budget during the war years. With a third of students from the college being from the South, enrollment fell. Once many of the Southerners left, the campus became a sharp proponent for the Union , even bestowing an honorary degree to President Lincoln . James McCosh became

34848-427: The university's faculty senate voted " no confidence " in Holloway; in addition to issues related to the strikes, the motion also cited Halloway's decision to dismiss the chancellor of the university's Newark campus and his proposal to merge the university's two medical schools. Since 1785, twenty-one men have served as the institution's president, beginning with Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh , a Dutch Reformed minister who

35046-518: The university's supervising architect, Ralph Adams Cram , the Collegiate Gothic style remained the standard for all new building on the Princeton campus until 1960. A flurry of construction projects in the 1960s produced a number of new buildings on the south side of the main campus, many of which have been poorly received. Several prominent architects have contributed some more recent additions, including Frank Gehry (Lewis Library), I. M. Pei (Spelman Halls), Demetri Porphyrios ( Whitman College ,

35244-422: The university's supervising architect, designed the chapel, which he viewed as the crown jewel for the Collegiate Gothic motif he had championed for the campus. At the time of its construction, it was the second largest university chapel in the world, after King's College Chapel, Cambridge . It underwent a two-year, $ 10 million restoration campaign between 2000 and 2002. The Chapel seats around 2,000 and serves as

35442-450: The world to the celebration. Steven Van Zandt was the commencement speaker the following year and received an honorary doctorate. In November 2016, Rutgers released research findings that revealed: "an untold history of some of the institution's founders as slave owners and the displacement of the Native Americans who once occupied land that was later transferred to the college." In January 2020, Jonathan Holloway made history as

35640-448: The years after the war, with the construction of Firestone Library in 1948 and the establishment of the Forrestal Research Center in nearby Plainsboro Township in the 1950s. Government sponsored research increased sharply, particularly in the physics and engineering departments, with much of it occurring at the new Forrestal campus. Though, as the years progressed, scientific research at the Forrestal campus declined, and in 1973, some of

35838-408: Was 7,105; the yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who enroll) was 24.2%. The freshman retention rate is 94%, with 83.8% going on to graduate within six years. Of the 45% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1240-1470. Of the 7% of enrolled freshmen in 2021 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score

36036-430: Was Nassau Hall, completed in 1756, and situated on the northern edge of the campus facing Nassau Street. The campus expanded steadily around Nassau Hall during the early and middle 19th century. The McCosh presidency (1868–88) saw the construction of a number of buildings in the High Victorian Gothic and Romanesque Revival styles, although many of them are now gone, leaving the remaining few to appear out of place. At

36234-417: Was a gift of the Tiffany studios. Weston, the grandson of Henry Latimer Janeway (1824–1909)—a wealthy wallpaper manufacturer, Rutgers alumnus (A.B. 1844, A.M. 1847) and long-serving trustee (1862–1909)—killed himself after his family became aware of a romantic relationship with a woman that would have negatively affected his reputation. The large window in the chancel above the altar, titled "Jesus,

36432-517: Was a member of a wealthy, prominent New Brunswick family and pursued a career in politics. They did not have any children. During his career, Littleton Kirkpatrick was elected as county surrogate, mayor of New Brunswick, and as a Whig Party member of the United States House of Representatives during the Twenty-Eighth Congress (1843–1845). He served as a trustee of Rutgers College for 18 years from 1841 until his death in 1859. Sophia remained in New Brunswick after her husband's death. A devoted member of

36630-454: Was between 27 and 33. Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 21 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 29 freshman students were National Merit Scholars . Princeton University Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey , United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as

36828-444: Was chosen as the location over Hackensack because the New Brunswick Dutch had the support of the Anglican population, making the royal charter easier to obtain. The original purpose of Queen's College was to "educate the youth in language, liberal, the divinity, and useful arts and sciences" and for the training of future ministers for the Dutch Reformed Church. In 1771, the college admitted its first students, which included

37026-423: Was dedicated on April 12, 1917, Noble performed an organ recital. During these years, Skinner-built organs were installed in several churches across the United States, including the chapels at Harvard University , Lafayette College , Oberlin College , for Saint Thomas Church and several for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City. In 1931, chimes were added to the Opus 255 organ's ranks and some of

37224-419: Was honored because he epitomized Christian values . A year after the school was renamed, it received two donations from its namesake: a $ 200 bell still hanging from the cupola of Old Queen's and a $ 5,000 bond (equivalent to $ 135,000 in 2023) which placed the college on sound financial footing. Rutgers College became the land-grant college of New Jersey in 1864 under the Morrill Act of 1862 , resulting in

37422-424: Was invited to work with him as Princeton's consulting gardening architect, focusing on the 17 gardens that are distributed throughout the campus. Nassau Hall is the oldest building on campus. Begun in 1754 and completed in 1756, it was the first seat of the New Jersey Legislature in 1776, was involved in the Battle of Princeton in 1777, and was the seat of the Congress of the Confederation (and thus capitol of

37620-471: Was largely composed of daughters of professors and sisters of Princeton undergraduates. While no legal connection existed, many Princeton professors taught there and several Princeton administrators, such as Francis Patton, were on its board of trustees. It closed in 1897 following the death of its founder, Joshua McIlvaine . In 1947, three female members of the library staff enrolled in beginning Russian courses to deal with an increase in Russian literature in

37818-472: Was later canceled and is not installed as of December 9 and its location is unknown, but a recital is meant to be held on it February 16, 2020. Among the stained glass windows at Kirkpatrick Chapel are approximately twenty lancet windows along the chapel's side aisles that were donated by graduating classes at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (1890–1912). These windows depict their class year and phrases in Ancient Greek and Latin . Four of

38016-427: Was located. That same year, Princeton's first charter came under dispute by Anglicans, but on September 14, 1748, the recently appointed governor Jonathan Belcher granted a second charter. Belcher, a Congregationalist , had become alienated from his alma mater , Harvard, and decided to "adopt" the infant college. Belcher would go on to raise funds for the college and donate his 474-volume library, making it one of

38214-403: Was named in honour of Sophia Astley Kirkpatrick. Kirkpatrick was the wife of Littleton Kirkpatrick , a local attorney and politician who was a member of the board of trustees of Rutgers College from 1841 until his death in 1859. When Sophia Kirkpatrick died in 1871, Rutgers was named as the residuary legatee of her estate . A bequest of $ 61,054.57 (2013: US$ 1,174,079.38) from her estate funded

38412-406: Was only a professor at the time, recommended saving the university with the help of alumni; as a result, Princeton's alumni association, led by James Madison , was created and began raising funds. With Carnahan and Maclean, now vice-president, working as partners, enrollment and faculty increased, tensions decreased, and the college campus expanded. Maclean took over the presidency in 1854, and led

38610-508: Was published before the conclusion of the Vietnam War (1961–1975). Several more Rutgers alumni were killed in Vietnam after McCormick's 1966 tabulation, and during the recent conflicts in the Middle East (2001–present). 40°29′56″N 74°26′45″W  /  40.49875°N 074.44575°W  / 40.49875; -074.44575 Rutgers University Rutgers University ( / ˈ r ʌ t ɡ ər z / RUT -gərz ), officially Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ,

38808-612: Was renamed Rutgers College in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers , whose substantial gift to the school had stabilized its finances during a period of uncertainty. For most of its existence, Rutgers was a private liberal arts college . It has evolved into a coeducational public research university since being designated the State University of New Jersey by the state's legislature in 1945 and 1956. Rutgers has several distinct campuses. Since colonial times, its historic core has been situated along College Avenue in New Brunswick, New Jersey . Rutgers University–New Brunswick also includes

39006-428: Was responsible for establishing the college. Before 1930, most of the university's presidents were clergy affiliated with Christian denominations in the Reformed tradition (either Dutch or German Reformed, or Presbyterian ). Two presidents were alumni of Rutgers College— William H. S. Demarest (Class of 1883) and Philip Milledoler Brett (Class of 1892). The president serves in an ex officio capacity as

39204-401: Was shaped much in its formative years by the " Log College ", a seminary founded by the Reverend William Tennent at Neshaminy, Pennsylvania , in about 1726. While no legal connection ever existed, many of the pupils and adherents from the Log College would go on to financially support and become substantially involved in the early years of the university. While early writers considered it as

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