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99-808: The Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE, 香港高級程度會考), or more commonly known as the A-level , conducted by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA), was taken by senior students at the end of their matriculation in Hong Kong between 1979 and 2012. It was originally the entrance examination in University of Hong Kong until the introduction of the Joint University Programmes Admissions System (JUPAS) in 1992, which made it

198-643: A distinguished chemist and Nobel Laureate , as a Chair Professor. Stoddart has been a Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University , IL, USA for the past 16 years. Stoddart's ground-breaking research has garnered numerous accolades and awards, including the prestigious 2007 King Faisal International Prize in Science. In 2016, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Bernard L. Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage for their work on

297-620: A few buildings in Sandy Bay Gap. Buildings of the university are some of the few remaining examples of British Colonial architecture in Hong Kong. The university lends its name to HKU MTR station , the main public transport access to the campus which had opened on 28 December 2014. The Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine is situated 4.5 km southwest of the main campus, in the Southern District near Sandy Bay and Pokfulam . The medical campus includes Queen Mary Hospital ,

396-416: A high proficiency in comprehension and understanding of rhetoric or euphemism words and phrases. The test lasted for 1 hour and 30 minutes and was allocated 25% of the total subject mark. The HKEAA recommended 6 articles as reading materials for reference. In fact, the authority never recommended candidates to memorise all the contents of the suggested materials. Furthermore, a wide-ranging reading habit

495-453: A level that is required for tertiary education. The Use of English (UE) examination was introduced in 1989 as an independent subject instead of an A level subject, as an entrance requirement of HKU. It was divided into four sections to test students' listening, writing, reading and language skills and practical skills for work and study. From 1994, the UE examination became an AS-level subject and

594-448: A negative mark. It was originally to prevent candidates from guessing an answer they did not know, but it caused trouble for some confusing questions. The test had two parts, personal presentation and group discussion, both of them allocated 7.5% each of the total mark. In personal presentation, 10 minutes of preparation time was given for candidates to make a 3-minute speech on a certain topic. Sometimes, candidates were asked to describe

693-583: A part of the educational reform in Hong Kong, the examination was abolished after academic year 2012/2013. The final HKALE in 2013 was only offered to private candidates who had taken the HKALE before, and the exam results could not be used to apply for universities through the JUPAS as before, but only through the Non-JUPAS system. Prior to 1993, students needed to choose among two university entrance examinations,

792-412: A picture. After the personal presentation, group discussion took place. Normally 5 candidates in a group, it had 5-minute preparation time. Then, each candidate had 1 minute for the first-round speech, and 10 minutes time got them to discuss a topic freely. In personal presentation, some personal topics were asked, and in group discussion, topics were related to major events or common issues. This test

891-486: A place for freedom of expression ". On 30 August 2011, the university council resolved to set up a panel to review issues arising from the vice premier's visit, to improve arrangements and to set up policies for future university events that are consistent with its commitment to freedom of expression. From 2010 to 2012, the university celebrated its 100th anniversary and the opening of the Centennial Campus at

990-630: A requirement for JUPAS degree-level programme, and a 20-minute oral examination was added in the reform. There are five sections in the UE Examination: A pass in the UE was considered essential to being accepted to any degree program under the Joint University Programmes Admissions System , but some universities accepted a band 6 in IELTS or similar as an alternative of HKALE English pass. A survey

1089-462: A school of Chinese was proposed in the inter-war period. Construction of the premises began in 1929 following a donation from Tang Chi-ngong, father of the philanthropist Sir Tang Shiu-kin , after whom the building was named. It was opened by Sir William Peel , Governor of Hong Kong, in 1931 and since then further donations have been received for the endowment of teaching Chinese language and literature. The building has been used for other purposes since

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1188-682: Is Dr Sun Yat-sen , the founder of the Republic of China , a graduate of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, the predecessor of HKU. Notable alumni in the field of politics include Anson Chan , Carrie Lam , Jasper Tsang and Regina Ip . The origins of the University of Hong Kong can be traced back to the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese , founded in 1887 by Ho Kai (later known as Sir Kai Ho Kai). It

1287-520: Is accountable for devising examination policies and scrutinising the operation of the Authority. The Authority employs a permanent Secretariat of in the region of 340 staff members to overhaul its boards and committees and to formulate all the essential engagements for the running of the examinations for which the Authority is in charge. The Secretariat is the decision-making division of the Authority. The Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority

1386-401: Is allocated 20% of the total subject mark. Candidates were given information about a simulated situation and required to finish a writing of more than 600 words or two writings of no more than 700 words in total. Options of text types could be: Unless quoting speeches from public figures, any names that needed to be used in the question had to use the name in the question or the name list from

1485-512: Is backed up by a number of committees in its management of the examinations in Hong Kong, as follows: The International and Professional Examinations Division of HKEAA (IPED) accepts and administers entries from private candidates for over 200 examinations. For example, the HKEAA administers IGCSE examinations from University of Cambridge International Examinations and Edexcel boards. The HKEAA imports some languages examinations from Cambridge into

1584-613: The Canton–Hong Kong strikes of 1925 and 1926 , the government moved towards greater integration of Eastern culture, increasing the number of Chinese courses. In 1927, a degree in Chinese was created. Donations from wealthy businessmen Tang Chi Ngong and Fung Ping Shan – after whom two campus buildings are named – triggered an emphasis on Chinese cultural education. In 1937, the Queen Mary Hospital opened. It has served as

1683-638: The Chinese University of Hong Kong did not recognise it and required those students to pass an internal Chinese Language test. Since there are many dialects of spoken Chinese, Paper 3 and Paper 4 could be taken either in Cantonese or in Putonghua, which had to be declared upon registration. Like other papers with Chinese and English versions, the choice of language was not printed on the certificate. The test lasted for 1 hour and 30 minutes and

1782-570: The Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) (discontinued since 2012 ) and the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE) (discontinued since 2014 ). The Authority was established on 5 May 1977. The Authority commenced to be the provider of Hong Kong Higher Level Examination and Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE) in 1979 and 1980 respectively. It was put in charge of

1881-626: The Hong Kong Examinations Authority ( HKEA ) before 2002, is a statutory body of the Hong Kong Government responsible for the administration of public examinations and related assessments. The authority is Hong Kong's only public examination board . Currently HKEAA administers the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE) since 2012; in the past, it was responsible for

1980-489: The Main Building is the university's oldest structure and was sponsored by Sir Hormusjee Naorojee Mody and designed by Architect Messrs Leigh & Orange . It is built in the post-renaissance Edwardian Baroque style with red brick and granite and has two courtyards. The main elevation is articulated by four turrets with a central clock tower (a gift from Sir Paul Chater in 1930). The two courtyards were added in

2079-490: The foundation stone of the Main Building on 16 March 1910. The university was incorporated in Hong Kong as a self-governing body of scholars on 30 March 1911 and had its official opening ceremony on 11 March 1912. It was founded as an all-male institution; women were admitted for the first time ten years later. The school opened with three founding faculties: Arts, Engineering, and Medicine. The Faculty of Medicine

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2178-530: The 1970s but the name remained unchanged. It housed the Centre of Asian Studies until 2012 and now houses the Jao Tsung-I Petite Ecole. This three-storey flat-roofed structure is surfaced with Shanghai plaster and became a declared monument in 1995. To provide additional space for students under the new four-year undergraduate curriculum the Centennial Campus was built at the western end of

2277-448: The AL and AS of a subject at the same examination. Students could take a maximum of 7 AL and/or AS subjects in one examination, but only a few students actually took 7 subjects from 2004. Sometimes, for some AS-level subjects, less than 0.05% of the candidates could achieve grade A. [4] However, there was always more than 0.05% of candidates achieving grade A in the full A-level counterpart of

2376-647: The Association for Pacific Rim Universities, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, Washington University in St. Louis's McDonnell International Scholars Academy, and many others. HKU benefits from a large operating budget supplied by high levels of government funding compared to many Western countries. In 2018/19, the Research Grants Council (RGC) granted HKU a total research funding of HK$ 12,127 million (41.3% of overall RGC funding), which

2475-475: The Chinese course requirement. Cantonese credit-courses for Mainland Chinese and Taiwan students, and ab initio Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese credit-courses for international and exchange students are offered by the Chinese Language Centre, School of Chinese. The university is a founding member of Universitas 21 , an international consortium of research-led universities, and a member of

2574-536: The Faculty of Law, was a distinguished scholar in constitutional law and human rights and "a vocal critic on Hong Kong's political reform issues". Owing to his liberal political stance, Chan was roundly criticised by Communist Party-controlled media including Wen Wei Po , Ta Kung Pao , and Global Times , which together published at least 350 articles attacking him. Customarily the HKU Council accepts

2673-634: The Graduate School. The University Grants Committee delivered the idea of “knowledge transfer” among the community and universities. From the academic year 2009/10, a yearly recurrent funding for universities to invest in knowledge transfer has been approved by the Legislative Council . Therefore, HKU has established the Knowledge Exchange Office in 2010. HKU Libraries (HKUL) was established in 1912, being

2772-644: The HKALE or the Hong Kong Higher Level Examination . The former originally led to a three-year course in the University of Hong Kong (HKU) at the end of Form Seven (Upper Six), mainly for students in English-medium schools. The latter led to a four-year course in the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), then operated in Chinese, at the end of Form Six (Lower Six) for students in Chinese-medium schools. Later on,

2871-531: The HKCEE and will continue to do so after the introduction of the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE). There are numerous controversies, particularly after 2004, raised regarding the questions on Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination . On 14 May 2020, candidates were asked whether they agreed with the statement 'Japan did more good than harm to China in the period of 1900–45.' in

2970-516: The HKCEE the following year, becoming the only administrator of public examinations in Hong Kong. The Authority Council comprises 17 members selected from the school sector, tertiary institutions, government bodies and persons experienced in commerce, industry or a profession in Hong Kong. Aside from the ex officio affiliates, all members are allotted by the chief executive of the Hong Kong SAR Government . The governing council

3069-676: The HKU Scholars Hub. 100 members of academic staff (>10% of professoriate staff) from HKU are ranked among the world's top 1% of scientists by the Thomson Reuters ' Essential Science Indicators, by means of the citations recorded on their publications. The university has the largest number of research postgraduate students in Hong Kong, making up approximately 10% of the total student population. All ten faculties and departments provide teaching and supervision for research (MPhil and PhD) students with administration undertaken by

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3168-491: The HKU website. Undergraduate candidates are selected according to their relative merit in the local public examination ( HKDSEE ) and apply online via JUPAS . Other applicants, including overseas students or ones taking other examinations, are classified as non-JUPAS applicants who are required to apply via the official website, where postgraduate applications may also be made. Most undergraduate courses are 4-year degrees while

3267-678: The Hong Kong Library Association. In 1982, the Faculty of Dentistry, based at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital , was established. To this day, it remains Hong Kong's only faculty training dental professionals. In 1984, both the School of Architecture and School of Education became fully-fledged faculties and in the same year the Faculty of Law was created. The Faculty of Business and Economics

3366-459: The Swire Group sponsored the building of a new residential hall in the eastern end of the campus. The new student residence was named Swire Building in honour of this sponsorship. The building was officially opened by Mr John Anthony Swire CBE on 11 November 1980. In 1983, the colour orange was chosen to be the hall colour in the second Annual General Meeting since the colour was used as

3465-657: The Taiwan GSAT, 45/45 in IB , and 16 5** Zhuangyuan ( 狀元 ) (the top Gaokao scoring students in their province or city in mainland China ) are amongst those matriculated into the University. The latest Global Admissions Profile, with information and data about last year's admission and current international opportunities for those admitted, and the International Admissions Brochure, with information about applications for admission, are available on

3564-750: The William M.W. Mong Building and research facilities. The Faculty of Dentistry is situated in the Prince Philip Dental Hospital , Sai Ying Pun . The university also operates the Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre, which occupies 95,000 square metres (1,020,000 sq ft) of land in the New Territories , and the Swire Institute of Marine Science at the southern tip of the d'Aguilar Peninsula on Hong Kong Island. Constructed between 1910 and 1912,

3663-489: The background colour during the first open day of Swire Hall and no other halls were using orange as their hall colour. In 1983, Mrs J. Lau (Director of Centre Media Resources) provided a design for the hall logo. The Swire Hall Students' Association, HKUSU, then made some amendments to that design. The logo shows the words 'S' and 'H'. The design of the word 'S' looks like two hands holding each other, signifying that all hall-mates should co-operate with each other, and promoting

3762-488: The births of different famous local professors, resulting in the golden era of higher education in Hong Kong since the 2010s. With the introduction of the Early Admissions Scheme in 2001, top scorers in HKCEE could skip the HKALE and enter universities directly after Form 6. Therefore, the HKALE in 2002 was the last one which all HKCEE top scorers needed to take for university admission in Hong Kong. As

3861-428: The boxes in the table but not in questions in which all blanks were to be filled. Although the number of subjects offered was large, choices were limited as each school could offer only a few subjects on the list for budget constraints, restrictions on combinations of subjects and the actual time allowed to cover the large syllabus of different subjects. In addition, some of the subjects were unpopular. One could not take

3960-585: The building consists of masonry on the ground level surmounted by a two-storey red-brick structure with ornamental columns topped by a pediment over its entrance. Since 1962, the Chinese books collection, now known as the Fung Ping Shan Library, was transferred to the university's Main Library and the whole building was converted into a museum for Chinese art and archaeology. Among its collections are ceramics, pottery and bronze sculptures. In 1996,

4059-655: The construction and HK$ 30,000 towards other costs. The Hong Kong Government and the business sector in southern China, which were both equally eager to learn "secrets of the West's success" (referring to technological advances made since the Industrial Revolution ), also gave their support. The Government contributed a site at West Point. Swire Group contributed £40,000 to endow a chair in Engineering, in addition to thousands of dollars in equipment (its aim

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4158-415: The correctness of the given statements on the listening material. Possible answers are "true", "false", "partially correct" and "cannot be determined". Answers were not often given clearly or literally. Candidates were often required to analyse the implied meaning of a given speech during the course of listening, like the attitude of a speaker. Moreover, marks were deducted for a wrong answer, which could cause

4257-675: The decision would serve as a warning to other academics not to engage in pro-democratic politics and would severely tarnish Hong Kong's reputation for academic freedom and education excellence. The law faculty also refuted the allegations against Chan. Billy Fung, student union president, revealed details of the discussion to the public and was subsequently expelled from the council. The university's main campus covers 177,000 square metres (1,910,000 sq ft) of land on Pokfulam Road and Bonham Road in Pokfulam of Central and Western District , Hong Kong Island . The university also has

4356-485: The decision. Political interference was widely suspected and the opacity of the council criticised. The decision is seen widely viewed as a pro-government act of retaliation against "pro-democracy leaders and participants" and a blow to academic freedom. Six members of the council are directly appointed by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong , who acts as chancellor of all publicly funded tertiary institutions in

4455-416: The design and synthesis of molecular machines . The HKU Council made headlines in 2015 for alleged political interference behind the selection process for a new pro-vice chancellor. A selection committee unanimously recommended the council appoint Johannes Chan to the post, which involved the responsibility for staffing and resources, and which had been left vacant for five years. Chan, the former dean of

4554-655: The document from the Legislative Council of Hong Kong , a candidate attaining Level 3 in NSS subjects in the HKDSE will be regarded as having met the requirement of Grade E in the HKALE or Grade C in the HKCEE in similar subjects for grades or posts with specific subject requirements [2] . The AS-level examination, which is commonly taken with the A-Levels, tests the ability of students to understand and use English at

4653-489: The establishment of the university as an opportunity to promote British culture to China and the Chinese people through education, in turn enhancing Britain's influence in the Far East . He quoted saying, "We must either now take those opportunities or leave them for others to take...". Sir Hormusjee Naorojee Mody , an Indian Parsi businessman in Hong Kong, learned of Lugard's plan and pledged to donate HK$ 150,000 towards

4752-452: The exam before and could not be used to fulfil the JUPAS requirement. As an aftermath of the abolishment, sixth form colleges are no longer needed. As a result, the first and now only such college in Hong Kong, PLK Vicwood KT Chong Sixth Form College , has changed mainly as a senior secondary school. Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority The Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority ( HKEAA ), previously known as

4851-474: The generosity of Mr Li and his Foundation as well as the wish of the donors to support, in addition to the general development of the University, research and academic activities in medicine." On 16 August 2011, Li Keqiang , Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China , began a three-day visit to promote development between Hong Kong and mainland China . The university was locked down. The mishandling by

4950-600: The hall motto 'Unity and Sincerity'. Financed by Sir Paul Chater , Professor G. P. Jordan and others, it was opened in 1919 by the Governor of Hong Kong Sir Reginald Stubbs and housed the students' union . After World War II, the building was used temporarily for administrative purposes. The East Wing was added in 1960. The building was converted into the Senior Common Room in 1974. It was named in honour of Mr Hung Hing-Ying in 1986 for his family's donations to

5049-483: The history exam of HKDSE . Education Bureau later requested HKEAA to scrap the question, claiming it 'leading and biased.' State media such as Ta Kung Pao , Wen Wei Po and Global Times slammed the staffers of HKEAA unfit for setting examination questions. The incident led to candidates to avoid elective questions on China in the 2021 examination. HKU The university was established and proposed by Governor Sir Frederick Lugard in an effort to compete with

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5148-518: The inevitably keen competition for tertiary places (Hong Kong Education Department, 1981, p. 178). Through considerable debates (Tang and Bray, 2000), programmes in CUHK switched to three-year systems as those launched in HKU in 1991. Consequently, the Hong Kong Higher Level Examination was abolished and was finally merged with today's HKALE. Advanced Supplementary Level subjects were also implemented at

5247-475: The instruction medium is not recorded on the results notices nor certificates. The examination of an A-level subject generally consists of two 3-hour papers taken in the morning and afternoon of the same day. The results of the HKALE are expressed in terms of six grades A – F, of which grade A is the highest and F the lowest. Results below grade F are designated as unclassified (UNCL). The abolishment of fine grades used in 2001 (i.e. A(01), A(02), B(03), B(04), etc.)

5346-399: The list or chose the books from the list for their students. To prevent schools from giving too many extraordinary grades to students, points were to be adjusted by the performance in examination. The list of recommended books had about 30 books about Chinese culture, ranging from novels or cultural studies to historic reports. Among the list of the books, Tangshan Earthquake was always on

5445-644: The lowest three floors of the new Tsui Building were added to the old building to form the University Museum and Art Gallery. HKU was ranked #17 worldwide in QS 2024, #35 worldwide in THE 2024, #88 worldwide in ARWU 2023, and #44 worldwide in U.S. News 2024. The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities (ARTU), which sorts universities based on their aggregate performance across THE , QS, and ARWU , found that HKU

5544-488: The main campus, which was previously occupied by the Water Supplies Department. The construction of the campus started in late 2009, and was completed in 2012, the first year of the introduction of the new academic structure in Hong Kong. In 2012, the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Social Sciences moved to the Centennial Campus. Admission to HKU is highly competitive. In 2016,

5643-413: The major university entrance examination until academic year 2011/2012. The examination was conducted from March to May, and the results were routinely released in the first week of July (or late June). There were altogether 17 A-level and 17 AS-level subjects in the HKALE. AS-level was commonly known as Hong Kong Advanced Supplementary Level Examination (HKASLE). AS-level subjects were taught within half

5742-503: The majority of education authorities considered that the "dual-band" examination system had become practically unsuitable and that a unified matriculation system would be urgently needed, as stated in a report presented to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as early as in 1981. In the report, the "dual-band" system was found to be the crux that caused confusion and anxiety among Hong Kong students, in addition to

5841-413: The marking scheme was not fair. They said that all questions were compulsory so there should not be any advantage to those who left some of the blanks empty by deducting marks for wrong answers. The HKEAA said that it had been in practice for years to prevent students guessing answers, but in fact, this type of marking had appeared only in table-type questions in which candidates were required to tick some of

5940-515: The medical and nursing programmes require two and one more year(s) of studies respectively. English is the main medium of instruction, and the University's Senate has endorsed English as the campus lingua franca . Starting from 2012, local students are required to take Academic English courses and Chinese language enhancement courses; however, students who are native-speakers of languages other than Chinese, and students who have not studied Chinese language in their secondary curriculum can be exempted from

6039-684: The model for a secular institution. The University of Hong Kong was founded in 1911. The colony's governor , Sir Frederick Lugard , first proposed in January 1908 during a graduation ceremony at St Stephen's College to establish a university in Hong Kong to compete with the other Great Powers opening universities in China, most notably Prussia , which had just opened the Tongji German Medical School in Shanghai. Sir Lugard saw

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6138-439: The new schooling structure, under which all students receive 12 years of pre-university education, would be implemented. The HKALE was last administered in 2012 and then merged with the existing Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination , to form the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education examination at the end of the new, three-year senior secondary curriculum. The HKALE in 2013 was available only for students who had taken

6237-549: The number of degree courses to over a hundred. In 2002, Growing with Hong Kong: HKU and its Graduates – The First 90 Years was published by the Hong Kong University Press as a study of the impact of HKU's graduates on Hong Kong. In January 2006, despite protest from a portion of students and alumni, the Faculty of Medicine was renamed as the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine "to recognize

6336-460: The number of periods compared to that required for A-level subjects, but they demanded the same level of intellectual rigour. Most day school candidates took four or five subjects in the HKALE. Apart from Chinese Language and Culture and Use of English which were taken by almost every school candidate, and other language-related subjects, all subjects could be taken in either English or Chinese. The same standards were applied in both marking and grading;

6435-644: The oldest academic library in Hong Kong with over 2.3 million current holdings. It comprises the Main Library and six specialist branch libraries: the Dental, Education, Fung Ping Shan (East Asian Language), Yu Chun Keung Medical, Lui Che Woo Law, and Music libraries. They are located in buildings around the campus with varying opening hours. A web-based library catalogue, DRAGON, allows one to search HKUL's books, journals and other resources. The HKUL Digital Initiatives, through its digitisation projects, has opened up online access to local collections originally in print format. The first HKUL Digital Initiative, ExamBase,

6534-655: The other Great Powers opening universities in China. The university's governance consists of three bodies: the Court, the Council and the Senate. These three bodies all have their own separate roles. The Court acts as the overseeing and legislative body of the university, the Council acts as governing body of the University, and the Senate as the principal academic authority of the university. The university currently has ten academic faculties and 20 residential halls and colleges for its students, with English being its main medium of instruction and assessment. The university has educated many notable alumni in many fields. Among them

6633-431: The police force caused the Hong Kong 818 incident . In a statement to the HKU community, the university vice-chancellor Professor Lap-Chee Tsui admitted that the security arrangements could have been better planned and organised, and apologised to students and alumni for not having been able to prevent the incident. He assured them that "the University campus belongs to students and teachers, and that it will always remain

6732-508: The question paper, if not available. Marks were deducted for violation. The rule was set up to prevent candidates from using names that could cause unfairness to other students. The test lasted for 1 hour and was allocated 15% of the total subject mark. Reading comprehension can be: In 2005, the 3-piece reading of which all articles are written in Vernacular Chinese was formularised. The change, however, stirred up much controversy among candidates. The new format also demanded candidates to have

6831-415: The questions. It also stated that candidates who followed the instructions strictly should be treated fairly. The examination was taken usually with other examinations to assess the ability of students in using Chinese and their understanding of Chinese culture. Introduced in 1993, the examination had tests in the following: Like Use of English, as a required-pass subject for degrees in JUPAS, almost all of

6930-421: The recommendations of search committees for senior posts, with no prior recommendation having been rejected by the council. The council was criticised when it delayed the decision to appoint Chan, stating that it should wait until a new provost was in place. Finally, in September 2015, the council rejected Chan's appointment (12 votes to eight) through an anonymous vote in a closed meeting, providing no reason for

7029-412: The same as those of Cantonese. Candidates were required to answer questions as they listened to the material. Samples of questions were provided on the first two pages of the paper. Before 2003, candidates wrote sentences for answering questions. From 2003, multiple-choice involved ticking the correct answer and the "Fatal Four". "Fatal Four" (奪命四式) was difficult for many candidates: they had to indicate

7128-439: The same time to cater for different needs of candidates (Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority, 2003, p. 4). The results of the HKALE were expressed in terms of seven grades: A – U. The HKDSE equivalent grades were arrived at by deduction, as the entrance requirements for universities and government positions in Hong Kong officially aligned 3 as an E in the corresponding HKALE subjects [1] . For example, according to

7227-413: The south in 1952 and one floor in the end block in 1958. The building was originally used as classrooms and laboratories for the Faculty of Medicine and Engineering and was later the home of departments within the Faculty of Arts. The central Great Hall (Loke Yew Hall) is named after Loke Yew , a Malayan benefactor of the university in its early years. It became a declared monument in 1984. Around 1980,

7326-648: The student sat it. However, unlike the English Language, students who did not take the Chinese Language in HKCEE usually did not sit the examination, as JUPAS usually accepted an extra AS-level equivalent subject (or similar qualification to a Chinese Language pass) to replace the HKALE Chinese Language pass for students who never took part in Chinese Language in both HKCEE and HKALE and studied Chinese for less than 6 years. However,

7425-403: The style mark for doing so. That resulted in criticism by many students, who claimed that although the word limit instruction was stated in the paper, they were not clearly informed of the marking criteria and that the marking scheme the HKEAA adopted in the previous year gave them a misleading impression. The authority later stated that candidates should have read all instructions before attempting

7524-728: The subjects concerned. The AS-level syllabus of a certain subject was a selected part of the AL syllabus, but the questions of an AS-level examination were as difficult as the full AL counterpart. AS-level papers shared some of the questions with the AL counterpart and in those questions, the marking schemes for both A-level and the AS-level were identical. 1996 – 2007 HKALE Statistics of candidates' results in Use of English 1996 – 2008 HKALE Statistics of candidates' results in Physics (AS-level) The Education Bureau of Hong Kong announced that in 2009,

7623-776: The territory. Five members are delegates to the National People's Congress in Beijing and, as such, are obliged to toe the Communist Party line or risk expulsion. In overall Council makeup, university students and staff are outnumbered by members from outside the university. The decision was decried by student groups including the Hong Kong University Students' Union and Hong Kong Federation of Students , faculty members, leading international law scholars, and legislators. They noted that

7722-430: The top favour list of books, as the prologue of the book was one of the 26 required passages in the old Chinese Language syllabus in HKCEE (the new syllabus does not have any required passages). In 2001, the HKEAA decided on an across-the-board revamp upon the format of questions in the exam. The changes included the replacement of questions on prescribed texts with open-ended questions in the questions on culture paper. It

7821-546: The university received around 40,000 applications for undergraduate studies, over 16,000 of which were from outside the Hong Kong schools' system. For Mainland China applicants, the enrollment rate was 1 student for every 21 applications. According to a survey done by the Education18.com (The Hong Kong Education Net), HKU enrolled students with the best performance in HKDSE examination in 2012. Internationally, applicants with more than 5 A*s in their GCE A-Levels , 75/75 in

7920-423: The university's governing council appointed University of California, Berkeley nanoscience professor Xiang Zhang to the posts of President and Vice-Chancellor with effect from January 2018. Zhang was the first vice-chancellor of the university born in mainland China and educated to undergraduate degree level there. On 4 September 2023, the university announced the appointment of Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart ,

8019-572: The university's teaching hospital ever since. In 1941, the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong caused damage to university buildings, and the university closed until 1945; during this period, the university's medical school moved to Chengdu . After the end of the Second World War , the university reopened and investment in law and the social sciences increased as post-war reconstruction efforts began in earnest. The Faculty of Social Sciences

8118-566: The university. The building was subsequently used again for administrative purposes, and housed Department of Music and the Music Library until early 2013. It is currently used by the Development & Alumni Affairs Office. The two-storey Edwardian style structure is characterised by a central dome and the use of red brick to emulate the Main Building opposite. The building became a declared monument in 1995. The idea to establish

8217-567: The western end of the university site in Pokfulam . The University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital , one of the two teaching hospitals of the university, also opened in 2011. On 10 April 2015, HKU declared itself as the first university in the world to join HeForShe , a UN Women initiative urging men to achieve more female rights. The university promised that it would triple the number of female dean-level members by 2020, so that more than 1 out of 5 deans would be women. On 15 December 2017,

8316-497: Was HKEAA's attempt to prevent candidates from memorising the suggested reading materials. That, however, was dismissed by a number of candidates as a move towards the subject turning out into a saliva subject (吹水科, Jyutping : Ceoi1 Seoi2 Fo1) in which candidates concentrate on writing large amounts of verbose text and neglect the actual quality of the contents. In 2005, the format of the Reading Comprehension paper

8415-585: Was a part asking students to determine whether marked sentences were correct or not, based on the whole recording. There were 10 questions, carrying 2 marks each. In that part, if a candidate answered a question correctly, 2 marks were awarded but if the question was answered, 2 marks were deducted. No marks were given or deducted for blank answers. A candidate who answered all the questions, with no more than 5 being correct, would end up having no marks for that section, but if 5 were correct, 10 marks were given. That stirred up controversy among candidates, who claimed that

8514-525: Was always appreciated: The test lasted approximately 45 minutes and was allocated 15% of the total subject mark. Like the UE listening test, the exam material was broadcast on Radio 2. Like for the English test, Fantasia on Greensleeves was played before and during the intermissions of the examinations. The broadcast version was in Cantonese. The Putonghua students were assigned to designated examination venues, which provided CD tapes separately, with contents

8613-488: Was changed from speed reading of various articles to fine reading of only three articles, without prior notice. The move stirred up much controversy from some candidates, some of whom teased the words in one of the comprehension texts. The HKEAA reiterated its stance that there has not ever been a "specific" format for the exam and insisted that there was nothing wrong with the paper. In the Listening exam of 2007, there

8712-634: Was conducted to equate the results with the International English Language Testing System by the HKEAA. [3] The controversy followed the HKEAA's announcement in 2007 that if a candidate exceeded the word limit (500 words) in a task in Section E (Practical skills for work and study), anything written beyond the limit would not be marked. However, according to the marking guidelines issued the previous year, students who did so should be deducted only two marks from

8811-542: Was established in 1967 and the Department of Law in 1969. The student population in 1961 was 2,000, quadrupled from 1941, and in 1980 the number of students exceeded 5,500. In 1958, the librarian of University of Hong Kong, Mrs. Dorothea Scott, organized a meeting of over 40 library practitioners at the Fung Ping Shan Library on 3 April to determine and establish a library association for Hong Kong,

8910-476: Was established in 2001 as the university's tenth and youngest faculty. After 1989, the Hong Kong government began to emphasise local tertiary education in order to retain local students who would otherwise have studied abroad in the United Kingdom. Student places and course variety were greatly increased in preparation for the handover of Hong Kong . By 2001, the number of students had grown to 14,300 and

9009-418: Was in force from 2002. It was well-criticized that AL subjects demand substantial memorization and clarification of difficult concepts such as Chinese History, Biology, and Economics which have their syllabus partly equivalent to first-year undergraduate courses in terms of the length and depth. Research-level knowledge is also required in specific AL subjects such as Pure Mathematics and Chemistry. Actually, it

9108-420: Was launched in 1996 and other projects of scholarly interests were introduced. More digital projects are being developed to provide continuous access to digital content and services. It provides open access to Chinese and English academic and medical periodicals published in Hong Kong. The three-storey Fung Ping Shan Building was erected in 1932 originally as a library for Chinese books. Named after its donor,

9207-596: Was partly to bolster its corporate image following the death of a passenger on board one of its ships, SS Fatshan , and the subsequent unrest stirred by the Self-Government Society). Along with donations from other donors including the British government and companies such as HSBC , Lugard finally had enough to fund the building of the university. Charles Eliot was appointed the university's first vice-chancellor. As Governor of Hong Kong, Lugard laid

9306-639: Was previously founded as the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese by the London Missionary Society in 1887. Of the College's early alumni, the most renowned was Sun Yat-sen , who led the Chinese Revolution of 1911 , which transformed China from an empire ( Qing dynasty ) to a republic ( Republic of China ). In December 1916, the university held its first convocation, with 23 graduates and five honorary graduates. After

9405-562: Was renamed the Hong Kong College of Medicine in 1907. The college was later incorporated as HKU's medical school in 1911. However, it was the colony's governor, Frederick D. Lugard (1858-1945) who would be the real moving force in the creation of a university in Hong Kong... His ambitions in Hong Kong was to make the colony a more effective British asset and the creation of a university might help to fulfill this aim. Lugard's efforts reflected metropolitan development as he sought to make more recent universities (such as Birmingham and Leeds )

9504-412: Was school-based in the sixth and seventh forms. Students were required to read at least 5 books and finish the related assessment, given by the school. Book reports were the most common format, but group presentations, or even in-class tests, were allowed. Any book that was suitable was allowed. Guidelines with a list of recommended books were given to schools. Most schools required students to choose from

9603-689: Was the 42nd best-ranked university worldwide in 2023. HKU was ranked 61-70th in the THE World Reputation Rankings 2023. HKU is ranked as the most international university in the world in 2023 by Times Higher Education . In the QS World University Rankings by broad subject area 2023: In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings by subject (2023) HKU graduates ranked 47th worldwide in

9702-401: Was the highest among all universities in Hong Kong. HKU professors were among the highest paid in the world as well, having salaries far exceeding those of their US counterparts in private universities . However, with the reduction of salaries in recent years, this is no longer the case. HKU research output, researchers, projects, patents and theses are profiled and made publicly available in

9801-494: Was thought that the examinations were intentionally designed to be difficult by stakeholders for different reasons such as UK-imposed elitism as well as limited university seats dated back to 1992. It was even conspired that the past stakeholders intentionally made it difficult to hinder the growth of local people, in contrast to their well-funded stakeholders who usually went for overseas education but returned to manage their family businesses. However, such world-class exams do lead to

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