Heathkit is the brand name of kits and other electronic products produced and marketed by the Heath Company . The products over the decades have included electronic test equipment , high fidelity home audio equipment, television receivers, amateur radio equipment, robots, electronic ignition conversion modules for early model cars with point style ignitions, and the influential Heath H-8 , H-89 , and H-11 hobbyist computers , which were sold in kit form for assembly by the purchaser.
78-501: Heathkit manufactured electronic kits from 1947 until 1992. After closing that business, the Heath Company continued with its products for education, and motion-sensor lighting controls. The lighting control business was sold around 2000. The company announced in 2011 that they were reentering the kit business after a 20-year hiatus but then filed for bankruptcy in 2012, and under new ownership began restructuring in 2013. As of 2022,
156-468: A 12-hour period, from a low of -33 °F to a high of 50 °F. Another weather record set in Langdon in the winter of 1935–36, with the temperature staying below 0 °F (−17.8 °C) for 41 consecutive days, January 11 though February 20. This is a record for any location in the contiguous U.S.). At the 2023 estimate North Dakota's population was 783,926 on July 1, 2023, a 0.62% increase since
234-563: A customized "turn-key" version of their accounting , CPA, and real estate management software. Shortly after the release of the Z-90, they released a 10MB hard disk unit and double-density external floppy disk drives. While the H11 was popular with hard-core hobbyists, Heath engineers realized that DEC's low-end PDP-11 microprocessors would not be able to get Heath up the road to more powerful systems at an affordable price. Heath/Zenith then designed
312-473: A deeper knowledge of electronics (or for those who wanted to be able to troubleshoot/repair the product in the future), the assembly manuals usually included a detailed "Theory of Operation" chapter, which explained the functioning of the kit's circuitry, section by section. Heath developed a business relationship with electronics correspondence schools (e.g., NRI and Bell & Howell ), and supplied electronic kits to be assembled as part of their courses, with
390-511: A dual Intel 8085 / 8088 -based system dubbed the H100 (or Z-100 , in assembled form, sold by ZDS). The machine featured advanced (for the day) bit mapped video that allowed up to 640 x 225 pixels of 8 color graphics. The H100 was interesting in that it could run either the CP/M operating system, or their OEM version of MS-DOS named Z-DOS , which were the two leading business PC operating systems at
468-684: A few hundred years later. They both assembled in villages on tributaries of the Missouri River in what would become west-central North Dakota. Crow Indians traveled the plains from the west to visit and trade with the related Hidatsas after the split between them, probably in the 17th century. Later came divisions of the Sioux : the Lakota , the Santee and the Yanktonai . The Assiniboine and
546-561: A few millimeters in length. He also documented 22 species of snails in the state. North Dakota has a continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. The temperature differences are significant because of its far inland position and being roughly equal distance from the North Pole and the Equator. °F (°C) °F (°C) On February 21, 1918, Granville, North Dakota experienced a record-breaking 83 °F temperature increase over
624-573: A few years as Heathkit Educational Systems located in Saint Joseph, Michigan , concentrating on the educational market. The Heathkit company filed for bankruptcy in 2012. In May 2013, Heathkit's corporate restructuring was announced on their website. An extensive FAQ accessible from their homepage stated clearly that Heathkit was back, and that they would resume electronic kit production and sales. On October 8, 2015, Heathkit circulated an email to its "insiders", who had indicated an interest in
702-403: A higher overall number . Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Throughout the mid-19th century, Dakota Territory was still dominated by Native Americans; warfare and disease reduced their population at the same time Europeans and Americans were settling in the area. Throughout
780-461: A huge seller. After the success of the oscilloscope kit, Heath went on to produce dozens of Heathkit products. Heathkits were influential in shaping two generations of electronic hobbyists. The Heathkit sales premise was that by investing the time to assemble a Heathkit, the purchasers could build something comparable to a factory-built product at a significantly lower cash cost and, if it malfunctioned, could repair it themselves. During those decades,
858-506: A kit might still be fun, but it could no longer save much money. The switch to surface mount components and LSI ICs finally made it impossible for the home assembler to construct an electronic device for significantly less money than assembly line factory products. As sales of its kits dwindled during the decade, Heath relied on its training materials and a new venture in home automation and lighting products to stay afloat. When Zenith eventually sold ZDS to Groupe Bull in 1989, Heathkit
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#1732790471949936-539: A selection of ham equipment as any company in the field. North Dakota North Dakota ( / d ə ˈ k oʊ t ə / də- KOH -tə ) is a landlocked U.S. state in the Upper Midwest , named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux . It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to
1014-435: A single option is selectable from several mutually-exclusive choices. Checkboxes may be disabled (indicated " greyed out ") to inform the user of their existence and possible use despite momentary unavailability. Some applications use checkboxes that allow an indeterminate state in addition to the two provided by a normal checkbox. This third state is shown as a square or dash in the checkbox, and indicates that its state
1092-698: A small trainer kit, it was powerful and flexible enough to be used in rudimentary control systems. In 1977, Heathkit introduced the Heathkit H8 home computer. The H8 was very successful, as were the H19 and H29 terminals, and the H89 "All in One" computer. The H8 and H89 ran the Heathkit custom operating system HDOS as well as the popular CP/M operating system. The H89 contained two Zilog Z80 8-bit processors, one for
1170-685: Is Fargo , which accounts for nearly a fifth of the state's population; both cities are among the fastest-growing in the U.S., although half of all residents live in rural areas. What is now North Dakota was inhabited for thousands of years by various Native American tribes, including the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara along the Missouri River ; the Ojibwe and Cree in the northeast; and several Sioux groups (the Nakota , Dakota , and Lakota ) across
1248-420: Is a graphical widget that allows the user to make a binary choice, i.e. a choice between one of two possible mutually exclusive options. For example, the user may have to answer 'yes' (checked) or 'no' (not checked) on a simple yes/no question . Checkboxes are shown as empty boxes when unchecked, and with a tick or cross inside (depending on the graphical user interface) when checked. A caption describing
1326-537: Is believed to host the geographic center of North America, Rugby , and is home to what was once the tallest artificial structure in the Western Hemisphere , the KVLY-TV mast . Native American people lived in what is now North Dakota for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. The known tribes included the Mandan people (from around the 11th century), while the first Hidatsa group arrived
1404-467: Is home to three freshwater shrimp species, gammarus, hyalella and mysis. The latter is an introduced species stocked in Lake Sakakawea in the early 1970s to add to the forage base. Cvancara's Aquatic Mussels of North Dakota from 1983. He documented 13 species of what are generally referred to as clams in the state along with 13 species of pill clams, which are very small clams, in the order of
1482-597: Is land, North Dakota is the 19th largest state. The western half of the state consists of the hilly Great Plains as well as the northern part of the Badlands , which are to the west of the Missouri River . The state's high point, White Butte at 3,506 feet (1,069 m), and Theodore Roosevelt National Park are in the Badlands. The region is abundant in fossil fuels including natural gas , crude oil and lignite coal. The Missouri River forms Lake Sakakawea ,
1560-406: Is neither checked nor unchecked. This is most often used when the checkbox is tied to a collection of items in mixed states. The indeterminate state cannot usually be selected by the user, and switches to a checked state when activated. For example, a checkbox presented to select files to send via FTP might use a tree view so that files can be selected one at a time, or by folder. If only some of
1638-405: The 2020 United States census . North Dakota is the fourth least-populous state in the country; only Alaska , Vermont , and Wyoming have fewer residents. From fewer than 2,000 people in 1870, North Dakota's population grew to near 680,000 by 1930. Growth then slowed, and the population fluctuated slightly over the next seven decades, hitting a low of 617,761 in the 1970 census, with 642,200 in
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#17327904719491716-586: The David Hafler Company . Before entering the burgeoning home computer market, Heathkit marketed and sold microprocessor-based systems aimed at learning about this technology. The ET-3400, for example, was released in 1976 and was based on the Motorola 6800 microprocessor. This system included 256 bytes of RAM, a 1k monitor in ROM, and a keypad for easy entry and modification of programs. Despite being
1794-809: The Democratic Party after World War II ). It tried to insulate North Dakota from the power of out-of-state banks and corporations. In addition to founding the state-owned Bank of North Dakota and North Dakota Mill and Elevator (both still in existence), the NPL established a state-owned railroad line (later sold to the Soo Line Railroad ). Anti-corporate laws virtually prohibited a corporation or bank from owning title to land zoned as farmland. These laws, still in force today, after having been upheld by state and federal courts, make it almost impossible to foreclose on farmland, as even after foreclosure,
1872-476: The Mandan villages in 1738 guided by Assiniboine Indians. From 1762 to 1802, the region formed part of Spanish Louisiana . European Americans settled in Dakota Territory only sparsely until the late 19th century, when railroads opened up the region. With the advantage of grants of land, they vigorously marketed their properties, extolling the region as ideal for agriculture. Differences between
1950-582: The Plains Cree undertook southward journeys to the village Indians, either for trade or for war. The Shoshone Indians in present-day Wyoming and Montana may have carried out attacks on Indian enemies as far east as the Missouri. A group of Cheyennes lived in a village of earth lodges at the lower Sheyenne River ( Biesterfeldt Site ) for decades in the 18th century. Due to attacks by Crees, Assiniboines and Chippewas armed with firearms , they left
2028-696: The Red River of the North with Minnesota to the east. South Dakota is to the south, Montana is to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba are to the north. North Dakota is near the middle of North America with a stone marker in Rugby, North Dakota marking the "Geographic Center of the North American Continent". With an area of 70,762 square miles (183,273 km ), 69,001 square miles (178,712 km ) of which
2106-743: The gray wolf , swift fox , caribou and grizzly bear . List of insects of North Dakota 1,126 Species known in North Dakota List of fish of North Dakota 98 Species are currently known in North Dakota List of reptiles/amphibians of North Dakota Archived March 2, 2023, at the Wayback Machine 16 Species of Reptiles and 12 Amphibians found in the state. List of crustaceans/mussels of North Dakota Three species of crawfish are found in North Dakota: Devil, Calico, and Virile North Dakota
2184-808: The 2000 census. In the 21st Century North Dakota has experienced significant growth reaching a record population of 783,926 in 2023. Except for Native Americans , the North Dakota population has a lesser percentage of minorities than in the nation as a whole. As of 2011, 20.7% of North Dakota's population younger than age 1 were minorities. The center of population of North Dakota is in Wells County , near Sykeston . According to HUD 's 2023 Annual Homeless Assessment Report , there were an estimated 784 homeless people in North Dakota. Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving
2262-678: The Dakotas was admitted first. However, since North Dakota alphabetically appears before South Dakota , its proclamation was published first in the Statutes At Large. Unrest among wheat farmers, especially among Norwegian immigrants , led to a populist political movement centered in the Non Partisan League ("NPL") around the time of World War I . The NPL ran candidates on the Republican ticket (but merged into
2340-616: The GR-2000 color television set. In 1974, Heathkit started "Heathkit Educational Systems", which expanded their manuals into general electronics and computer training materials. Heathkit also expanded their expertise into digital and, eventually, computerized equipment, producing among other things digital clocks and weather stations with the new technology. Kits were compiled in small batches mostly by hand, using roller conveyor lines. These lines were put up and taken down as needed. Some kits were sold completely "assembled and tested" in
2418-608: The Heath/Zenith name and products to DESA International , a maker of specialty tools and heaters . In late 2008, Heathkit Educational Systems sold a large portion of its physical collection of legacy kit schematics and manuals along with permission to make reproductions to Don Peterson, though it still retained the copyrights and trademarks, and had pointers to people that could help with the older equipment. DESA filed bankruptcy in December 2008. The Heathkit company existed for
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2496-583: The North Dakota Bird Records Committee (NDBRC) review list with some additions from Avibase . The combined lists contain 420 species. Of them, 194 and a subspecies are on the review list (see below). The NDGFD list considers 44 species to be accidental, and eight species have been introduced to North America. List of mammals of North Dakota 87 species are known to live in the state. This includes mammals that are currently extirpated or locally extinct in North Dakota such as
2574-598: The area around 1780 and crossed Missouri some time after. A band of the few Sotaio Indians lived east of Missouri River and met the uprooted Cheyennes before the end of the century. They soon followed the Cheyennes across Missouri and lived among them south of Cannonball River . Eventually, the Cheyenne and the Sutaio became one tribe and turned into mounted buffalo hunters with ranges mainly outside North Dakota. Before
2652-511: The arm purchased for $ 999. This was the first in a popular series of Heathkit robot kits sold to educational and hobbyist users. While Heath/Zenith's computer business was successful, the growing popularity of home computers as a hobby hurt the company because many customers began writing computer programs instead of assembling Heathkits. Also, while their assembly was still an interesting and educational hobby, kits were no longer less expensive than preassembled products; BYTE reported in 1984 that
2730-416: The beginning. In addition to their low prices compared with commercially manufactured equipment, Heathkits appealed to amateurs who had an interest in building their own equipment, but did not necessarily have the expertise or desire to design it and obtain all the parts themselves. They expanded and enhanced their line of amateur radio gear through nearly four decades. By the late 1960s, Heathkit had as large
2808-447: The case of electronic test equipment, Heathkits often filled a low-end entry-level niche, giving hobbyists access at an affordable price. The instruction books were regarded as among the best in the kit industry, being models of clarity, beginning with basic lessons on soldering technique, and proceeding with explicit step-by-step directions, illustrated with numerous line drawings; the drawings could be folded out to be visible next to
2886-506: The company has a live website with newly designed products, services, vintage kits, and replacement parts for sale. In August 2023 Heath Company announced its acquisition by Kirkwall (company) as part of a planned expansion in North Dakota , and named former CIA officer and entrepreneur Will Cromarty as President and Chief Executive Officer. The Heath Company was founded as an aircraft company in 1911 by Edward Bayard Heath with
2964-707: The company's progress by completing its online marketing survey. It had now secured the rights to all Heathkit designs and trademarks; secured several new patents; established new offices, warehouse space, and a factory in Santa Cruz, California ; and had introduced the renewed company's first new electronic kit in decades. Since then, Heathkit has announced and sold further kits in its new lineup of products. In addition, limited repair service on vintage products, reprints of manuals and schematics, remaining inventories of original parts, and upgrades of some vintage models are available. Heathkit made amateur radio kits almost from
3042-482: The computer and one for the built-in H-19 terminal. The H11 , a low-end DEC LSI-11 16-bit computer, was less successful, probably because it was substantially more expensive than the 8-bit computer line. Seeing the potential in personal computers, Zenith Radio Company bought Heath Company from Schlumberger in 1979 for $ 63 million, renaming the computer division Zenith Data Systems (ZDS). Zenith purchased Heath for
3120-460: The electronics industry was a good idea, and bought a large stock of surplus wartime electronic parts with the intention of building kits with them. In 1947, Heath introduced its first electronic kit , the O1 oscilloscope with 5-inch diameter cathode-ray tube (CRT) display that sold for US$ 39.50 (equivalent to $ 539 in 2023) – the price was unbeatable at the time, and the oscilloscope went on to be
3198-574: The electronics. No knowledge of electronics was needed to assemble a Heathkit. The assembly process itself did not teach much about electronics, but provided a great deal of what could have been called basic "electronics literacy", such as the ability to identify tube pin numbers or to read a resistor color code . Many hobbyists began by assembling Heathkits, became familiar with the appearance of components like capacitors , transformers , resistors, and tubes, and were motivated to understand just what these components actually did. For those builders who had
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3276-567: The factory. These models were differentiated with a "W" suffix after the model number, indicating that they were factory-wired. For much of Heathkit's history, there were competitors. In electronic kits: Allied Radio , an electronic parts supply house, had its KnightKits, Lafayette Radio offered some kits, Radio Shack made a few forays into this market with its Archerkit line, Dynaco made its audio products available in kit form (Dynakits), as did H. H. Scott, Inc. , Fisher , and Eico ; and later such companies as Southwest Technical Products and
3354-411: The files in a folder are selected, then the checkbox for that folder would be indeterminate. Clicking on this indeterminate checkbox would select all or, less commonly, none of the contained files. Continuing to click on the checkbox would alternate between checked (all sub-directories and files selected) and unchecked (no sub-directories or files selected). Some tri-state checkbox implementations allow
3432-588: The flexible assembly line infrastructure at the nearby St. Joseph facility as well as the R&;D assets. Heath/Zenith was in the vanguard of companies to start selling personal computers to small businesses. The WH-89 assembled version of the H-89 kit was re-branded as the Zenith Z-89 / Z-90 , an assembled all in one system with a monitor and a floppy disk drive . They had agreements with Peachtree Software to sell
3510-606: The ground on December 28, 1930. It was replaced by a limestone -faced art-deco skyscraper that still stands today. A round of federal investment and construction projects began in the 1950s, including the Garrison Dam and the Minot and Grand Forks Air Force bases. Western North Dakota saw a boom in oil exploration in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as rising petroleum prices made development profitable. This boom came to an end after petroleum prices declined. In 2010,
3588-619: The hills around Devils Lake, in the dunes area of McHenry County in central North Dakota, and along the Sheyenne Valley slopes and the Sheyenne delta. This diverse terrain supports nearly 2,000 species of plants. Soil is North Dakota's most precious resource. It is the base of the state's great agricultural wealth. North Dakota also has enormous mineral resources. These mineral resources include billions of tons of lignite coal. In addition, North Dakota has large oil reserves. Petroleum
3666-603: The increase. North Dakota is located in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. It lies at the center of the North American continent and borders Canada to the north. The geographic center of North America is near the town of Rugby . Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota, and Fargo is the most populous city. North Dakota is in the U.S. region known as the Great Plains . The state shares
3744-486: The kit version of the Z-150 IBM PC compatible cost $ 100 more than the preassembled computer from some dealers, but needed about 20 hours and soldering skills to assemble. The continuation of the integration trend ( printed circuit boards , integrated circuits , etc.), and mass production of electronics (especially computer manufacturing overseas and plug-in modules) eroded the basic Heathkit business model. Assembling
3822-529: The largest natural lake in the state, is also found in the east. Most of the state is covered in grassland ; crops cover most of eastern North Dakota but become increasingly sparse in the center and farther west. Natural trees in North Dakota are found usually where there is good drainage, such as the ravines and valley near the Pembina Gorge and Killdeer Mountains , the Turtle Mountains ,
3900-584: The latter half of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, North Dakota, along with most of the Midwest U.S., experienced a mass influx of newcomers from both the eastern United States and immigrants from Europe. North Dakota was a known popular destination for immigrant farmers and general laborers and their families, mostly from Norway , Iceland , Sweden , Germany and the United Kingdom . Much of this settlement gravitated throughout
3978-416: The lowest in the United States. In recent years, however, while still below the national average, crime has risen sharply. In 2016, the violent crime rate was three times higher than in 2004, with the rise occurring mostly in the late 2000s, coinciding with the oil boom era. This happened at a time when the national violent crime rate declined slightly. Workers in the oil boom towns have been blamed for much of
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#17327904719494056-423: The meaning of the checkbox is normally shown adjacent to the checkbox. Inverting the state of a checkbox is done by clicking the mouse on the box, or the caption, or by using a keyboard shortcut , such as the space bar . Often, a series of checkboxes is presented, each with a binary choice between two options. The user may then select several of the choices. This is contrasted with the radio button , in which only
4134-591: The middle of the 19th century, the Arikara entered the future state from the south and joined the Mandan and Hidatsa. With time, a number of Indians entered into treaties with the United States. Many of the treaties defined the territory of a specific tribe. The first European to reach the area was the French-Canadian trader Pierre Gaultier, sieur de La Vérendrye , who led an exploration and trading party to
4212-443: The northern and southern part caused resentments between the settlers. The northern part was seen by the more populated southern part as somewhat disreputable, "too much controlled by the wild folks, cattle ranchers, fur traders" and too frequently the site of conflict with the indigenous population. The northern part was generally content with remaining a territory. However, following the territorial capital being moved from Yankton in
4290-573: The only state-run bank in the U.S. Beginning in the mid-20th century, North Dakota's rich natural resources became more critical to economic development; into the 21st century, oil extraction from the Bakken formation in the northwest has played a major role in the state's prosperity. Such development has led to population growth (along with high birth rates) and reduced unemployment. It ranks relatively well in metrics such as infrastructure, quality of life , economic opportunity, and public safety. It
4368-461: The parts separately and relying on often-experimental designs. Kits brought the convenience of all parts being supplied together, with the assurance of a predictable finished product; many Heathkit model numbers became well known in the ham radio community. The HW-101 HF transceiver became so ubiquitous that even today the "Hot Water One-Oh-One" can be found in use, or purchased as used equipment at hamfests , decades after it went out of production. In
4446-401: The premise was basically valid. Commercial factory-built electronic products were constructed from generic, discrete components such as vacuum tubes , tube sockets, capacitors, inductors, and resistors , mostly hand-wired and assembled using point-to-point construction technology. The home kit-builder could perform these labor-intensive assembly tasks himself, and if careful, attain at least
4524-505: The proclamations formally admitting North Dakota and South Dakota to the Union on November 2, 1889. There was a rivalry between the two new states that which one would be admitted first. So Harrison directed Secretary of State James G. Blaine to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first to keep both the states happy and to avoid showing favor to either state. The actual order went unrecorded, thus no one knows which of
4602-568: The property title cannot be held by a bank or mortgage company. Furthermore, the Bank of North Dakota, having powers similar to a Federal Reserve branch bank, exercised its power to limit the issuance of subprime mortgages and their collateralization in the form of derivative instruments, and so prevented a collapse of housing prices within the state in the wake of 2008's financial crisis. The original North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck burned to
4680-505: The purchase of Bates Aeroplane Co, soon renamed to E.B. Heath Aerial Vehicle Co. Starting in 1926 it sold a light aircraft, the Heath Parasol , in kit form. Heath died during a 1931 test flight . The company reorganized and moved from Chicago to Niles, Michigan . In 1935, Howard Anthony purchased the then-bankrupt Heath Company, and focused on selling accessories for small aircraft. After World War II, Anthony decided that entering
4758-421: The relevant text (which might be bound several pages away) and were aligned with the assembler's viewpoint. Also in view was a checkbox to mark with a pencil as each task was accomplished. The instructions usually included complete schematic diagrams , block diagrams depicting different subsystems and their interconnections, and a "Theory of Operation" section that explained the basic function of each section of
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#17327904719494836-678: The rest of the state. European explorers and traders first arrived in the early 18th century, mostly in pursuit of lucrative furs. The United States acquired the region in the early 19th century, gradually settling it amid growing resistance by increasingly displaced natives. The Dakota Territory , established in 1861, became central to American pioneers , with the Homestead Act of 1862 precipitating significant population growth and development. The traditional fur trade declined in favor of farming, particularly of wheat. The subsequent Dakota Boom from 1878 to 1886 saw giant farms stretched across
4914-514: The rolling prairies, with the territory becoming a regional economic power. The Northern Pacific and Great Northern railway companies competed for access to lucrative grain centers; farmers banded together in political and socioeconomic alliances that were core to the broader Populist Movement of the Midwest. North and South Dakota were admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, as the 39th and 40th states. President Benjamin Harrison shuffled
4992-464: The same standard of quality. In the case of Heathkit's most expensive product at the time, the Thomas electronic organ , building the kit version represented substantial savings. One category in which Heathkit enjoyed great popularity was amateur radio . Ham radio operators had frequently been forced to build their equipment from scratch before the advent of kits, with the difficulty of procuring all
5070-447: The schools basing their texts and lessons around the kits. In the 1960s, Heathkit marketed a line of its electronic instruments which had been modified for use in teaching physics at the high school ( Physical Science Study Committee , PSSC) and college levels ( Berkeley Physics Course ). Heathkits could teach deeper lessons. "The kits taught Steve Jobs that products were manifestations of human ingenuity, not magical objects dropped from
5148-435: The sky", writes a business author, who goes on to quote Jobs as saying "It gave a tremendous level of self-confidence, that through exploration and learning one could understand seemingly very complex things in one's environment." After the death of Howard Anthony in a 1954 airplane crash, his widow sold the company to Daystrom Company, a management holding company that also owned several other electronics companies. Daystrom
5226-403: The south, and Montana to the west. North Dakota is part of the Great Plains region, characterized by broad prairies , steppe , temperate savanna , badlands , and farmland. North Dakota is the 19th-largest state , but with a population of less than 780,000, it is the fourth-least populous and fourth-most sparsely populated . The state capital is Bismarck while the most populous city
5304-428: The southern part to Bismarck, the southern part began to call for division. Finally, at the 1887 territorial election, the voters approved splitting the territory into two. The division was done by the seventh standard parallel. Other account(s) state that the real reason for the split was a political lure for four Republican senators instead of two from the Republican dominated Dakota Territory and in their push to split
5382-413: The state had lower rates of unemployment than the national average, and increased job and population growth. Much of the growth has been based on development of the Bakken oil fields in the western part of the state. Estimates as to the remaining amount of oil in the area vary, with some estimating over 100 years' worth. For decades, North Dakota's annual murder and violent crime rates were regularly
5460-470: The statehood papers before signing them so that no one could tell which became a state first; consequently, the two states are officially numbered in alphabetical order. Statehood marked the gradual winding-down of the pioneer period, with the state fully settled by around 1920. Subsequent decades saw a rise in radical agrarian movements and economic cooperatives, of which one legacy is the Bank of North Dakota ,
5538-543: The territory, Republican congressmen also ignored the uncomfortable fact that much of the land in the anticipated state of South Dakota belonged to the Sioux. Congress passed an omnibus bill for statehood for North Dakota, South Dakota , Montana , and Washington , titled the Enabling Act of 1889 , on February 22, 1889, during the administration of President Grover Cleveland . His successor, Benjamin Harrison , signed
5616-569: The third largest artificial lake in the United States, behind the Garrison Dam . The central region of the state is divided into the Drift Prairie and the Missouri Plateau . The eastern part of the state consists of the flat Red River Valley , the bottom of glacial Lake Agassiz . Its fertile soil, drained by the meandering Red River flowing northward into Lake Winnipeg , supports a large agriculture industry. Devils Lake ,
5694-461: The time. Although the machine had to be rebooted to change modes, the competing operating systems could read each other's disks. In 1982 Heath introduced the Hero-1 robot kit to teach principles of industrial robotics. The robot included a Motorola 6808 processor, ultrasonic sensor, and optionally a manipulator arm; the complete robot could be purchased assembled for $ 2495 or a basic kit without
5772-540: The user to toggle among all states, including the indeterminate state, by remembering the mixed state of the items in the collection. This serves as an undo feature. Setting or clearing (" unclicking ") a checkbox changes the checkbox's state with no other side-effects. Violating this guideline by associating additional actions with the change of state frequently confuses users, because they are used to configuring data in entry controls such as text boxes, radio buttons, and checkboxes and then invoking an action control such as
5850-739: The western side of the Red River Valley , as was similarly seen in South Dakota and in a parallel manner in Minnesota. This area is well known for its fertile lands. By the outbreak of the First World War , this was among North America's richest farming regions. But a period of higher rainfall ended, and many migrants were not successful in the arid conditions. Many family plots were too small to farm successfully. Checkbox A checkbox ( check box , tickbox , tick box )
5928-645: Was absorbed by oilfield service company Schlumberger Limited in 1962, and the Daystrom/Schlumberger days were to be among Heathkit's most successful. Those years saw some "firsts" in the general consumer market. The early 1960s saw the introduction of the AA-100 integrated amplifier. The early 1970s saw Heath introduce the AJ-1510 , an FM tuner using digital synthesis, the GC-1005 digital clock, and
6006-984: Was discovered in the state in 1951 and quickly became one of North Dakota's most valuable mineral resources. In the early 2000s, the emergence of hydraulic fracturing technologies enabled mining companies to extract huge amounts of oil from the Bakken shale rock formation in the western part of the state. North Dakota public lands 5 national parks, 5 state forests, 63 national wildlife refuges, 3 national grassland, and 13 state parks plus there are state trust land, bureau of land management, waterfowl production areas, bureau of reclamation, bureau of land management, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, state wildlife management areas North Dakota wildlife Currently there are 36 Level I species, 44 Level II species, and 35 Level III species. List of birds of North Dakota The basic NDGFD list contains 420 confirmed and extant species, two extinct species. Three additional species have been added from
6084-405: Was included in the deal. In March 1992, Heath announced that it was discontinuing electronic kits after 45 years. The company had been the last sizable survivor of a dozen kit manufacturers from the 1960s. In 1995, Bull sold Heathkit to a private investor group called HIG, which then sold it to another investment group in 1998. Wanting to only concentrate on the educational products, this group sold
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