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26-646: The Huntsman Marine Science Centre (acronym: HMSC ; previously Huntsman Marine Laboratory ) is located on Lower Campus Road in St. Andrews, New Brunswick , Canada. The centre is a membership-driven, nonprofit organization founded by a consortium of universities with the support of the National Research Council of Canada , Fisheries and Oceans Canada , and the New Brunswick Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture . Mr. Chris Bridger

52-717: A 2000 census resident population of 676 persons. They also control the small Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation in eastern Washington County, which has a land area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km ) and a population of 749, per the 2010 census. Passamaquoddy have also lived on off-reservation trust lands in five Maine counties. These lands total almost four times the size of the reservations proper. They are located in northern and western Somerset County , northern Franklin County , northeastern Hancock County , western Washington County, and several locations in eastern and western Penobscot County . The total land area of these areas

78-602: A Passamaquoddy ancestral capital and burial ground. The total Passamaquoddy population is around 3,576 people. About 500 people, most if not all over the age of 50, speak the Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language , shared (other than minor differences in dialect) with the neighboring and related Maliseet people. It belongs to the Algonquian branch of the Algic language family. The University of Maine published

104-625: A comprehensive Passamaquoddy Dictionary in 2008. Another resource for the language is the online Passamaquoddy-Maliseet Language Portal, which includes many videos, subtitled in English and Passamaquoddy, of native speakers conversing in the language. Most of the people speak English as their first language. While the Passamaquoddy population in Canada is much smaller than that in Maine, it has

130-520: A formal structure and a chief, Hugh Akagi. Most of its people speak French and English. It is not recognized by the Canadian government as constituting a First Nation . In 2004, Chief Akagi was authorized to represent the Passamaquoddy at events marking the 400th anniversary of French settlement of St Croix Island (the first French effort at permanent settlement in the New World). This indicates that

156-543: A land area of 8.35 km (3.22 sq mi), it had a population density of 245.3/km (635.2/sq mi) in 2021. Despite its proximity to the Canada–United States border , the nearest border crossings are 30 km away at St. Stephen or via a ferry service at Deer Island , both in New Brunswick . The only way into or out of Saint Andrews by land is via Route 127 , which runs directly through

182-448: A typical 18th century British colonial settlement , including the original grid layout with its market square, and the classical architecture. Although often shortened in non-official sources to St. Andrews, the town's legal name is spelt Saint Andrews, and appears as such on the town's website; St. Andrews by-the-Sea is a brand used for tourism purposes by the local Chamber of Commerce. On 1 January 2023, Saint Andrews annexed

208-549: Is 373.888 km (144.359 sq mi). As of the 2000 census, no residents were on these trust lands. The Passamaquoddy also live in Charlotte County, New Brunswick , Canada, where they have a chief and organized government. They maintain active land claims in Canada but do not have legal status there as a First Nation . Some Passamaquoddy continue to seek the return of territory now within present-day St. Andrews, New Brunswick , which they claim as Qonasqamkuk ,

234-430: Is an anglicization of the Passamaquoddy word peskotomuhkati , the prenoun form (prenouns being a linguistic feature of Algonquian languages ) of Peskotomuhkat ( pestəmohkat ), their endonym , or the name that they use for themselves. Peskotomuhkat literally means "pollock-spearer" or "those of the place where pollock are plentiful", reflecting the importance of this fish in their culture. Their method of fishing

260-451: Is directly opposite the community of Robbinston, Maine , two kilometres to the west across the river mouth, and 53 km by road. Ministers Island is east of the town and is accessible by road at low tide only. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Saint Andrews had a population of 2,048 living in 921 of its 1,096 total private dwellings, a change of 14.7% from its 2016 population of 1,786 . With

286-618: Is the executive director; Dr. W.B. Scott is senior scientist emeritus. It is named in honor of Archibald Gowanlock Huntsman , director of the St. Andrews Biological Station that adjoins the centre, who stimulated fishery research in the region. It was founded in 1969 by a consortium of universities in Eastern Canada, and several government departments, who pooled their resources in order to provide field research and teaching facilities that would complement their programs in marine biology and oceanography . The Huntsman Marine Laboratory

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312-486: The Bay of Fundy , Passamaquoddy Bay , and Gulf of Maine , and along the St. Croix River and its tributaries. Traditionally, they had seasonal patterns of settlement. In the winter, they dispersed and hunted inland. In the summer, they gathered more closely together on the coast and islands, and primarily harvested seafood, including marine mammals, mollusks, crustaceans, and fish. Settlers of European descent repeatedly forced

338-519: The Passamaquoddy . Today it is a provincial heritage site . The site was settled in 1783 by Penobscot Loyalists . The town's street grid was designed by Charles Morris and was laid out at that time and persists today. Except for the shoreline Water Street, the names of streets have royal or colonial associations: ( Parr Street , Carleton Street and Montague Street are all named after governors. These streets cross thirteen named after

364-579: The St. Andrews Biological Station , was established in 1908 and the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in 1969. The town was designated a national historic site in 1998. Saint Andrews is at the southern tip of a peninsula, extending into Passamaquoddy Bay . The waterfront faces Saint Andrews Harbour and the Western Channel, which is formed by Navy Island. The harbour is at the mouth of the St. Croix River . The town

390-498: The St. Andrews North Point Lighthouse , was built in 1833 at the tip of the peninsula. Deactivated in 1938, it has since been restored and registered as a Canadian historic place. In 1840, the Charlotte County Court House was built, and was used continually until 2016. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, St. Andrews became a seaside resort for people from Montreal and Boston who were seeking to escape

416-539: The local service district of Bayside and Chamcook. Revised census information has not yet been released. The site of the town was named Qunnnoskwamk'ook, meaning long gravel bar in the Malecite-Passamaquoddy language. The present name was given by a French missionary who landed at the site on Saint Andrew's Day . At the eastern end the town is a midden , a pile of shells and other refuse that accumulated over 2,000 years due to year-round activity of

442-493: The Passamaquoddy off their original lands from the 1800s. After the United States achieved independence from Great Britain, the tribe was eventually officially limited to the current Indian Township Reservation , at 45°15′57″N 67°36′43″W  /  45.26583°N 67.61194°W  / 45.26583; -67.61194 , in eastern Washington County, Maine . It has a land area of 37.45 square miles (97.0 km ) and

468-561: The children of King George III .). Also typical of British colonial settlement of the time are the town's defensive sites, public spaces, and delineation. Between 1820 and 1860, the port of Saint Andrews welcomed Irish immigrants. They were first quarantined at Hospital Island, in Passamaquoddy Bay . At the 1851 census, more than 50% of the town's population had been born in Ireland. The Pendlebury Lighthouse, also known as

494-590: The executive office of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System . HMSC's education branch offers academic and public education programs for schoolchildren, undergraduate students and school teachers. The research branch works with governmental agencies and private industry, while its biodiversity unit, the Atlantic Reference Centre, has the largest collections of Atlantic organisms in Canada. The HMSC hosts

520-429: The executive office of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System . The Huntsman Aquarium and Museum includes a teeming touch tank. Live marine specimens, displays, and marine ecology films are available from May to October. St. Andrews, New Brunswick Saint Andrews is a town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick , Canada. The historic town is a national historic site of Canada , bearing many characteristics of

546-595: The government had acknowledged the tribe to some extent, and progress is being made in formal recognition. The Passamaquoddy, along with the neighboring Penobscot , are given special political status in Maine . Both groups are allowed to send a nonvoting representative to the Maine House of Representatives . Although these representatives cannot vote, they may sponsor any legislation regarding American Indian affairs, and may co-sponsor any other legislation. Maps showing

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572-636: The summer heat. The town's first seaside hotel, the Argyll, opened in 1881. It was followed in 1889 by The Algonquin , a resort on a hill overlooking the town, which became Canada's first seaside resort. The Argyll burned down in 1892 and was never rebuilt while the Algonquin burned in 1914 and was rebuilt one year later. The lifestyle of wealthy summer visitors is commemorated at the Ross Memorial Museum . A federal marine research facility,

598-543: The town. It meets Route 1 on either end of the town. A local community channel , CHCO-TV , serves the Saint Andrews and Charlotte County area. The station launched in 1993 on cable television , and began broadcasting over the air in 2006. Passamaquoddy The Passamaquoddy Tribe in Maine is a federally recognized tribe . The Passamaquoddy people in Canada have an organized government, but do not have official First Nations status. The name "Passamaquoddy"

624-500: Was changed to Huntsman Marine Science Centre in 1987. In 1991 and again in 1999, the HMSC was awarded the Gulf of Maine Visionary Award. The HMSC laboratories are located on 74 acres (30 ha) of land at the estuary of the St. Croix River at the Bay of Fundy . HMSC has teaching and aquaculture research laboratories and a 15 metres (49 ft) research vessel . The HMSC hosts

650-548: Was established on 20 acres (8.1 ha) of land that was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and included two residential buildings that were called the Ambridge Estate. The government assisted with the purchase of the Sir Thomas Tait Estate which included another 50 acres, and the large Anderson House, which provides accommodation for visiting students. A public aquarium opened in 1972. The name

676-446: Was spear-fishing, rather than angling or using nets. Passamaquoddy Bay is shared by both New Brunswick and Maine; its name was derived by the English settlers from the Passamaquoddy people. The Passamaquoddy have an oral history supported with visual imagery, such as birchbark etching and petrographs prior to European contact. Among the Algonquian -speaking tribes of the loose Wabanaki Confederacy , they occupy coastal regions along

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