100-612: (Redirected from I-280 ) Interstate 280 may refer to multiple highways, all of which are or were related to Interstate 80 : Interstate 280 (California) , a north–south freeway running from San Jose to San Francisco Interstate 280 (Iowa–Illinois) , part of the beltway around the Quad Cities Interstate 280 (New Jersey) , a connector from Interstate 80 to Interstate 95 in Newark Interstate 280 (Ohio) ,
200-573: A $ 250 million New Urbanist revitalization of the Smoky Hollow neighborhood developed about 400 new residential units, university student housing, retail space, and a park. In 2005, Federal Street, a major downtown thoroughfare that was closed off to create a pedestrian-oriented plaza, reopened to traffic. The downtown area has seen the razing of structurally unsound buildings and the expansion or restoration of others. New construction has dovetailed with efforts to cultivate business growth. One of
300-579: A competitive disadvantage to the iron and steel producers in Cleveland, Buffalo , Chicago and Detroit —all on Great Lake shores. Compared to these four cities, Youngstown had a higher cost of transporting raw materials to the mills, according to a Harvard Business Review report published in January 1933. Higher transportation costs are one reason why Youngstown mills began their decline slightly earlier than manufacturing in other cities. The city had
400-475: A connector in Toledo from Interstates 80/90 to Interstate 75 Interstate 276 , once designated as I-280 when I-76 was I-80S Interstate 680 (Nebraska–Iowa) , once designated as I-280 [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about roads and streets with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
500-778: A grant from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development allowed for the demolition of Westlake Terrace, a sprawling and dilapidated public housing project. Today, the site features a blend of senior housing, rental townhouses and for-sale single-family homes. Low real-estate prices and the efforts of the Youngstown Central Area Improvement Corporation have contributed to the purchase of several long-abandoned downtown buildings (many by outside investors) and their restoration and conversion into specialty shops, restaurants, and eventually condominiums. In addition,
600-673: A healthy position within the Midwest in terms of transportation connections. An airport built in 1930 hosted Capital and United Airlines flights through the region and to New York prior to the jet age of the latter 1950s. It was on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad mainline to Chicago with the Capital Limited . Likewise, Youngstown was on the Erie Railroad mainline, on its Chicago-Jersey City circuit, with trains such as
700-516: A milestone in the history of highway construction in the United States. It was also noted at the dedication that this was only 50 miles (80 km) south of Promontory Summit , where another first in a transcontinental artery was completed—the golden spike of the US's first transcontinental railroad . John McPhee described the geology revealed by the building of I-80 in a series of books on
800-467: A mix of rain, sleet, and snow with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. January is the coldest month with an average mean temperature of 26.8 °F (−2.9 °C), with temperatures on average dropping to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.1 days and staying at or below freezing on 43 days per year. Snowfall averages 67.8 inches (172 cm) per season, somewhat less than the snowbelt areas closer to Lake Erie . The snowiest month on record
900-789: A transportation corridor since the California Gold Rush of the 1840s. The Interstate also follows the historical routes of the California Trail , first transcontinental railroad , and Feather River Route throughout portions of the state. I-80 in Nevada closely follows, and at many points directly overlaps, the original route of the Victory Highway , State Route 1 (SR 1), and US 40 . After crossing Utah 's western border in Wendover , I-80 crosses
1000-525: A uniform plain, with valleys such as that caused by the Mahoning River traversing the plain. Lakes created by glaciers that dammed small streams were eventually drained, leaving behind fertile terrain. Central Youngstown consists of the original city layout designed by John Young , including Downtown Youngstown . Downtown Youngstown is the site of most of the city's government buildings and banks. A number of entertainment venues are also located in
1100-751: A wave of industrial consolidations that placed much of the Mahoning Valley's industry in the hands of national corporations. In the late 1930s, the community's steel sector again gained national attention when Youngstown became a site of the so-called "Little Steel Strike", an effort by the Steel Workers Organizing Committee , a precursor to United Steelworkers , to secure contract agreements with smaller steel companies. On June 21, 1937, strike-related violence in Youngstown resulted in two deaths and 42 injuries. Despite
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#17327804837571200-576: Is Youngstown State University (YSU), an urban public campus that serves about 15,000 students, just north of downtown. Youngstown is the site of several steel and metalworking operations, though not to the extent of the past. The largest industrial employers within the city limits are Vallourec Star Steel Company, in the Brier Hill district, and Trivium Packaging. Steelite , a British ceramics manufacturer, has its U.S. headquarters based in Youngstown. Youngstown's downtown, which once underscored
1300-667: Is a principal city of the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area , which had 430,591 residents in 2020 and is the seventh-largest metro area in Ohio. Youngstown is situated on the Mahoning River in Northeast Ohio , 58 miles (93 km) southeast of Cleveland and 61 miles (100 km) northwest of Pittsburgh . Youngstown is a midwestern city located at the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains . The city
1400-601: Is considered Central Youngstown. The area is the smallest division of Youngstown, as well as its least populous, but also its least residential by zoning. It is surrounded by the I-680 and Madison Avenue Expressway highway system. The North Side consists of the Brier Hill , Crandall Park, North Heights , and Wick Park neighborhoods and the northern section of the Riverbend Industrial Park. Brier Hill
1500-576: Is consistent with efforts in other metropolitan areas to address the phenomenon of urban depopulation. Youngstown 2010 received an award for public outreach from the American Planning Association in 2007. On May 28, 2024, an explosion destroyed most of the first floor of the Realty Building in downtown Youngstown and severely damaged the floors above it, killing one bank employee and injuring seven. The explosion
1600-417: Is modern day Lebanon , Israel , Palestine , and Syria . By the 1920s, this dramatic demographic shift produced a nativist backlash, and the Mahoning Valley became a center of Ku Klux Klan activity. The situation reached a climax in 1924, when street clashes between Klan members and Italian and Irish Americans in neighboring Niles led Ohio Governor A. Victor Donahey to declare martial law. By 1928
1700-612: Is the Interstate Highway that most closely approximates the route of the historic Lincoln Highway , the first road across the United States. The highway roughly traces other historically significant travel routes in the Western United States : the Oregon Trail across Wyoming and Nebraska , the California Trail across most of Nevada and California , the first transcontinental airmail route, and
1800-408: Is widely regarded as the death knell of the old area steel industry in Youngstown. In the wake of the steel plant shutdowns, the community lost an estimated 40,000 manufacturing jobs, 400 satellite businesses, $ 414 million in personal income, and from 33 to 75 percent of the school tax revenues. The Youngstown area has yet to fully recover from the loss of jobs in the steel sector. The blow dealt to
1900-746: The Atlantic Express/Pacific Express and the Lake Cities . The city was on the New York Central's Pittsburgh-Buffalo circuit and the Pennsylvania Railroad's Pittsburgh-Cleveland circuit. The city's population became more diverse after the end of World War II , when a seemingly robust steel industry attracted thousands of workers. In the 1950s, the Latino population grew significantly; and by
2000-762: The Borman Expressway from the Illinois state line to Lake Station, Indiana , then with I-90 on the Indiana Toll Road from Lake Station to the Ohio state line. Between La Porte and the Toledo metropolitan area , I-80/I-90 is located within 10 miles (16 km) of the Michigan state line but does not enter that state. From the State Road ;9 (SR 9) and I-80/I-90 interchange,
2100-699: The General Motors Lordstown Assembly , which was the area's largest industrial employer in the decades following the decline of the steel industry. Once one of the nation's largest auto plants in terms of square feet, the Lordstown facility was home to production of the Chevrolet Impala, Vega, and Cavalier . The Lordstown Assembly was shuttered in March 2019 and is currently owned by Foxconn . The city's largest employer
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#17327804837572200-815: The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and the PTC signed a 50-year lease agreement, which would allow the PTC to maintain and, eventually, toll I-80. However, the application for a toll was rejected by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). I-80 does not enter New York City . Once the I-95 / New Jersey Turnpike was extended in 1971 from its former terminus at US 46 in Ridgefield to I-80 in Teaneck ,
2300-814: The Rust Belt . Youngstown has seen declines in population of nearly 65 percent within its city limits and about 15 percent in the metro area since 1960. Downtown Youngstown has seen various revitalization efforts in the 21st century, including the Covelli Centre and Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre . Other notable institutions in the city include the Butler Institute of American Art , Mill Creek Park , Stambaugh Auditorium , and Youngstown State University . Youngstown's first new downtown hotel since 1974—the DoubleTree by Hilton —opened in 2018 in
2400-738: The Youngstown Phantoms , who play in the United States Hockey League . Previously, it was home to the Youngstown Steelhounds hockey team, who played in the CHL . The venue also hosts "on ice" musical shows and concerts. Historically, one of the area's most popular attractions was Idora Park in the Idora neighborhood of Youngstown's south side. An urban amusement park , it operated from 1899 until it
2500-692: The Youngstown State University campus. Established by industrialist Joseph G. Butler Jr. , in 1919, it was the first museum in the country dedicated to American art. Across the street from the Butler Institute stands the McDonough Museum of Art , YSU's University Art Museum and the Mahoning Valley's center for contemporary art. The McDonough, established in 1991, features changing exhibitions by regional, national and international artists and provides public access to
2600-598: The 1920s, Youngstown was the birthplace of the Good Humor brand of ice cream novelties, and the popular franchise of Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt was established there in the 1940s. In the 1950s, Youngstown-born developer Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. established one of the country's first modern shopping plazas in the suburban Boardman. The fast-food chain, Arby's , opened the first of its restaurants in Boardman in 1964, and Arthur Treacher's Fish & Chips
2700-703: The 1930s until the 1950s progressing southward, apart from the early Steelton neighborhood and industrial Salt Springs neighborhood. It shares Mill Creek Park with the South Side and lies southwest of the Mahoning River. Youngstown has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb / Dfa ), typical of the Midwestern United States , with four distinct seasons and lies within USDA hardiness zone 6a. Winters are cold and dry but typically bring
2800-485: The 1940s, when the mechanization of southern agriculture brought an end to the sharecropping system, leading onetime farm laborers to seek industrial jobs. Youngstown's local iron ore deposits were exhausted by the early 20th century. Since the city is landlocked (the Mahoning River is not navigable), ore from Michigan and Minnesota had to arrive by rail from Cleveland and other Great Lakes port cities where large bulk carriers were unloaded. This put Youngstown at
2900-517: The 1970s, St. Rose of Lima Roman Catholic Church and the First Spanish Baptist Church of Ohio were among the largest religious institutions for Spanish-speaking residents in the Youngstown metropolitan area. In 1951, city planners projected that Youngstown would grow to 200,000 to 250,000 in population due to continuously strong demand for domestic steel in western Europe , Japan , and South Korea , and so 12,000 acres on
3000-555: The 2000s, additions included the Nathaniel R. Jones Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in 2002, designed by Robert A. M. Stern Architects , the Mahoning County Children's Services Center and George Voinovich Government Center in 2004, and both the Covelli Centre and Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals in 2006. In 2004, construction began on a 60-home upscale development called Arlington Heights, and
3100-601: The Border Fault, it pussyfoots along on morainal till that levelled up the fingers of the foldbelt hills. It does a similar dance with glacial debris in parts of Pennsylvania. It needs no assistance on the craton. It climbs a ramp to the Rockies and a fault-block staircase up the front of the Sierra. It is geologically shrewd. It was the route of animal migrations, and of human history that followed. It avoids melodrama, avoids
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3200-502: The East Side closest to Downtown Youngstown were among the earliest developed in the city. However, much of the East Side is undeveloped fields and forests, as the land was annexed in the 1950s as part of a zoning effort for future development that never occurred. Altogether the most recently developed side of Youngstown, the neighborhoods of Belle Vista, Cornersburg, Garden District, Kirkmere, Rocky Ridge, and Schenley were built from
3300-560: The Grand Canyons, the Jackson Holes, the geologic operas of the country, but it would surely be a sound experience of the big picture, of the history, the construction, the components of the continent. Youngstown, Ohio Youngstown is a city in and the county seat of Mahoning County, Ohio , United States. At the 2020 census , it had a population of 60,068, making it the eleventh-most populous city in Ohio. It
3400-635: The Indiana Toll Road and immediately becomes the Ohio Turnpike. The two Interstates cross rural northwest Ohio and run just south of the Toledo metropolitan area . In Rossford , the turnpike intersects I-75 in an area known as the Crossroads of America. This intersection is one of the largest intersections of three Interstate Highways in the United States. In Elyria Township , just west of Cleveland , I-90 splits from I-80, leaving
3500-927: The Interstates split and I-80 continues east. On the west edge of the Iowa City metropolitan area , it intersects I-380 , a segment of the Avenue of the Saints . Northwest of the Quad Cities in Walcott is Iowa 80 , the world's largest truckstop. I-80 passes along the northern edge of Davenport and Bettendorf and leaves Iowa via the Fred Schwengel Memorial Bridge over the Mississippi River into Illinois. The majority of
3600-499: The Klan was in steep decline; and three years later, the organization sold its Canfield, Ohio, meeting area, Kountry Klub Field. Despite the prevalence of Irish Americans in Youngstown, their presence wasn't always evident. When radio personality Pete Gabriel (who was Greek) came to Youngstown, he found out that there was no St. Patrick's Day parade there at the time, so he started one. The growth of industry attracted people from within
3700-697: The Mississippi River, 2,250 feet (690 m), although other Interstate Highways east of the Mississippi, including I-26 in North Carolina and Tennessee, reach higher elevations. In 2007, the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC), combined with state legislature Act No. 44, initiated plans to enact a tolling system on the entire span of I-80 throughout the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. On October 15, 2007,
3800-401: The Oakland Center for the Arts was re-established with a new focus on youth and kids theatre. Well known theatrical personalities from the Youngstown area include comedic actor Joe Flynn , screen actress Elizabeth Hartman , singer and Broadway performer Maureen McGovern , and television and screen actor Ed O'Neill . The Butler Institute of American Art is on the northeastern edge of
3900-412: The September 19, 1977, closure of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Campbell Works after financial downturn due to changes in the steel manufacturing process and international competition. In response to subsequent challenges, the city has taken well-publicized steps to diversify economically, while building on some traditional strengths. Downtown Youngstown has seen modest levels of new construction. In
4000-399: The United States and from Latin America . By the late 19th century, African Americans were well represented in Youngstown, and the first local congregation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church was established in 1871. In the 1880s, local attorney William R. Stewart was the second African American elected to the Ohio House of Representatives . A large influx of African Americans in
4100-553: The United States from San Francisco, California , to Teaneck, New Jersey , in the New York metropolitan area . The highway was designated in 1956 as one of the original routes of the Interstate Highway System ; its final segment was opened in 1986. The second-longest Interstate Highway in the United States after I-90 , it runs through many major cities, including Oakland , Sacramento , Reno , Salt Lake City , Omaha , Des Moines , and Toledo and passes within 10 miles (16 km) of Chicago , Cleveland , and New York City . I-80
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4200-482: The Western Reserve's population grew, the need for administrative districts became apparent. In 1800, territorial governor Arthur St. Clair established Trumbull County (named in honor of Connecticut Governor Jonathan Trumbull ), and designated the smaller settlement of Warren as its administrative center, or county seat . In 1813, Trumbull County was divided into townships, with Youngstown Township comprising much of what became Mahoning County. The village of Youngstown
4300-411: The YBI was the top University Associated Incubator in North America, and came in second to the Guinness Enterprise Centre in Dublin . A number of products and enterprises introduced in Youngstown became national household names. Among them is Youngstown-based Schwebel's Bakery , which was established in neighboring Campbell in the 20th century. The company now distributes bread products nationally. In
4400-475: The Youngstown area developed a thriving steel industry, starting with the area's blast furnace in 1803 by James and Daniel Heaton. By the mid-19th century, Youngstown was the site of several iron industrial plants, and because of easy rail connections to adjacent states, the iron industry continued to expand in the 1890s despite the depletion of local natural resources. At the turn of the 20th century, local industrialists began to convert to steel manufacturing, amid
4500-487: The area for more than 80 years, despite intermittent financial problems. Believed by some observers to be the nation's oldest continuously operating community theater, the Youngstown Playhouse was the only community theater in Ohio to ever receive major institutional support from the Ohio Arts Council . The Oakland Center for the Arts , formerly in the downtown area, was a well-known venue for locally produced plays before it closed in 2015 due to poor management. In late 2016.
4600-404: The area were Pittsburgh native James Hillman and wife Catherine Dougherty. By 1798, Youngstown was the home of several families who were concentrated near where Mill Creek meets the Mahoning River . Boardman Township was founded in 1798 by Elijah Boardman , a member of the Connecticut Land Company. Also founded in 1798 was Austintown by John McCollum who was a settler from New Jersey . As
4700-425: The area's more successful business ventures in recent years has been the Youngstown Business Incubator , which fosters the growth of fledgling technology-based companies. In line with these efforts to change the community's image, the city government, in partnership with Youngstown State University, has organized an ambitious urban renewal plan known as Youngstown 2010 . The stated goals of Youngstown 2010 include
4800-400: The border with Wyoming , near Evanston . The route of the Utah section of I-80 is defined in Utah Code Annotated § 72-4-113(10). In Wyoming , I-80 reaches its maximum elevation of 8,640 feet (2,630 m) above sea level at Sherman Summit , near Buford , which, at 8,000 feet (2,400 m), is the highest community on I-80. Farther west in Wyoming, the Interstate passes through
4900-629: The city's East Side were annexed and extended utilities in expectation of future housing projects, in addition to aggressive re-zoning for expanded commercial spaces throughout the city. At 11:30 on Wednesday, September 6, 1967, only 9 of the 50 scheduled patrolmen arrived for work at the Youngstown Police Department. The others were not on strike . That was prevented by Ohio state law. The patrolmen, eventually numbering 300, along with another 300 city-employed firefighters, were instead attending "continuous professional meetings", and would be until their demand for an immediate across-the-board raise of $ 1200
5000-501: The city's north side, has served for decades as a site of concerts and is often rented for private events. The facility also hosts the Stambaugh Youth Concert Band. Bruce Springsteen , who sang about the decline of Youngstown's steel industry and its adverse effects on local workers in his ballad " Youngstown ", played at Stambaugh Auditorium on January 12, 1996, as part of his solo Ghost of Tom Joad Tour . The Youngstown Playhouse , Mahoning County's primary community theater, has served
5100-421: The city's population was under the age of 18, 10.8% was from age 18 to 24, 24.3% was from age 25 to 44, 26.2% was from age 45 to 64, and 15.8% was age 65 or older. The median age was 38 years old. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95 males. Endowed with large deposits of coal and iron as well as "old growth" hardwood forests needed to produce charcoal,
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#17327804837575200-429: The city's sports-related attractions is the Covelli Centre , which was funded primarily through a $ 26 million federal grant secured in 2000 by then-Congressman Jim Traficant . Located on the site of an abandoned steel mill, the large, high-tech facility opened in October 2005. It was formerly called the Chevrolet Center, and during planning it was known as the Youngstown Convocation Center. The centre's main tenants are
5300-440: The community's economic difficulties, is a site of new business growth. The Youngstown Business Incubator (YBI), in the heart of downtown, houses several start-up technology companies that have received office space, furnishings, and access to utilities. Some Incubator-supported companies have earned recognition, and a few are starting to outgrow their current space. Inc. Magazine rated one such company– Turning Technologies –as
5400-446: The community's industrial economy in the 1970s was slightly mitigated by the auto production plants in the metropolitan area. In the late 1980s, the Avanti , an automobile with a fiberglass body originally designed by Studebaker to compete with the Corvette , was manufactured in an industrial complex on Youngstown's Albert Street. This company moved away after just a few years. A mainstay of Youngstown's industrial economy had long been
5500-466: The creation of a "cleaner, greener, and better planned and organized Youngstown". In January 2005, the organization unveiled a master plan prepared by Urban Strategies Inc. of Toronto , which had taken shape during an extensive process of public consultation and meetings that gathered input from citizens. The plan, which included platforms such as the acceptance of a reduced population and an improved image and quality of life, received national attention and
5600-423: The desolate Bonneville Salt Flats west of the Great Salt Lake . The longest stretch between exits on an Interstate Highway is located between Wendover and Knolls , with 37.4 miles (60.2 km) between those exits. This portion of I-80, crossing the Great Salt Lake Desert , is extremely flat and straight, dotted with large warning signs about driver fatigue and drowsiness. East of the salt flats, I-80 passes
5700-524: The downtown area. There are further sub-neighborhoods in the South Side as well, such as Indian Village, Handel's , Boulevard Park, Cochran Park, Powerstown, and Gibsonville that have distinct identities within their larger neighborhoods. The South Side shares Mill Creek Park with the West Side. The East Side is the largest of the city's regions by area and consists of the East High, East Side, Hazelton , Landsdowne, Lincoln Knolls, Scienceville and Sharon Line/McGuffey Heights communities. The neighborhoods on
5800-501: The downtown, including the Covelli Centre , Powers Auditorium , the DeYor Performing Arts Center, and Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre . In addition, the downtown sits to the immediate south of notable cultural and educational resources, including Youngstown State University , the Butler Institute of American Art , and the McDonough Museum of Contemporary Art. The Arlington , Mahoning Commons, Riverbend, Smoky Hollow and University neighborhoods that surround downtown compromise what
5900-417: The dry Red Desert and over the Continental Divide . In a way, the highway crosses the Divide twice, since two ridges of the Rocky Mountains split in Wyoming, forming the endorheic Great Divide Basin , from which surface water cannot drain but can only evaporate. I-80 enters Nebraska west of Bushnell . The western portion of I-80 in Nebraska runs very close to the state of Colorado , without entering
6000-427: The early 20th century owed much to developments in the industrial sector. During the national Steel Strike of 1919 , local industrialists recruited thousands of workers from the Southern United States , many of whom were Black. This move inflamed racist sentiment among local Whites, and for decades, African-American steelworkers experienced discrimination in the workplace. Migration from the South rose dramatically in
6100-421: The face of the Mahoning Valley. The community's burgeoning coal industry drew hundreds of immigrants from Wales , Germany , and Ireland . With the establishment of steel mills in the late 19th century, Youngstown became a popular destination for immigrants from Eastern Europe , Italy , and Greece . In the early 20th century, the community saw an influx of immigrants from non-European countries including what
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#17327804837576200-421: The fastest-growing privately held software company in the United States and 18th fastest-growing privately held company overall. To keep such companies downtown, the YBI secured approval to demolish a row of nearby vacant buildings to clear space for expansion. In 2014, the YBI was ranked as the top university-associated business incubator in the world by the Swedish University Business Incubator Index. In 2015,
6300-662: The first founded on the South Side during the 19th century and were completely annexed by 1910 as Youngstown industrialized. Later neighborhoods, such as Fosterville , Newport, Lansingville , Buckeye Plat, and Cottage Grove came into being as industry and population expanded throughout the first half of the 20th century, being annexed in 1929 from the remainder of Youngstown Township. The Pleasant Grove and Brownlee Woods neighborhoods further south were also annexed in 1929 from Boardman Township . These neighborhoods were generally well connected to each together and were defined by economic class as they became increasingly suburban further from
6400-481: The formation of the continent of North America , books that were published between 1981 and 1993 and collected in a one-volume edition in 1998 Annals of the Former World which won a Pulitzer Prize in 1999. In "Basin and Range" (1981), he described how the idea emerged in a conversation with Princeton geologist Kenneth S. Deffeyes : What about Interstate 80, I asked him. It goes the distance. How would it be? "Absorbing," he said. And he mused aloud: After 80 crosses
6500-563: The highway runs through farmland, yet roughly a third of Iowa's population live along the I-80 corridor. In Illinois , I-80 runs from the Fred Schwengel Memorial Bridge across the Mississippi River south to an intersection with I-74 . It then runs east across north-central Illinois just north of the Illinois River to Joliet . I-80 continues east through the southern suburbs of Chicago and joins I-94 just before entering Indiana. In Indiana , I-80 runs concurrently with another Interstate Highway for its entire length. It runs with I-94 on
6600-443: The historic Stambaugh Building, adapted for this use. Youngstown was named for New York native John Young , who surveyed the area in 1796 and settled there soon afterward. On February 9, 1797, Young purchased the township of 15,560 acres (6,300 ha) from the Western Reserve Land Company for $ 16,085. The 1797 establishment of Youngstown was officially recorded on August 19, 1802. The area that includes present-day Youngstown
6700-586: The historical range is 54.01 in (1,372 mm) in 2011 to 23.79 in (604 mm) in 1963. Between 1960 and 2010, the city's population declined by over 60%. The Mahoning Valley metropolitan area had 541,243 residents as of the 2020 census. According to the 2020 Census , Youngstown had 28,303 households. The population density was 1770.5/sq mi. The city's racial makeup was 47.8% White , 41.1% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , and 7.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.9% of
6800-413: The households had children under the age of 18. Of these, 25.6% were married couples living together, 24.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.6% were non-families. Meanwhile, 37.8% of all households comprised a single person, and 14.5% of households comprised a person over 65 years of age living alone. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 3.02. 22.8% of
6900-451: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interstate_280&oldid=1161043751 " Categories : Road disambiguation pages Interstate 80 Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Interstate 80 Interstate 80 ( I-80 ) is an east–west transcontinental freeway that crosses
7000-426: The most recent year to not reach that mark is 2014. July is the warmest month with an average mean temperature of 71.5 °F (22 °C). The all-time record high temperature in Youngstown of 103 °F (39 °C) was established on July 10, 1936, which occurred during the Dust Bowl , and the all-time record low temperature of −22 °F (−30 °C) was set on January 19, 1994. The first and last freezes of
7100-504: The north) and Pittsburgh (about 55 miles (89 km) to the south). Further east, I-99 connects with State College and Altoona . A spur from I-80 ( I-180 ) runs to Williamsport . Upon entering the Pocono Mountains region, I-80 meets I-81 , connecting Syracuse, New York , and Harrisburg , and I-476 which connects with Scranton , Wilkes-Barre , Allentown , and Philadelphia . Another spur ( I-380 ) runs to Scranton. In Clearfield County , I-80 reaches its highest elevation east of
7200-659: The population centers of Council Bluffs , Des Moines, and the Quad Cities . It enters the state at the Missouri River in Council Bluffs and heads east through the southern Iowa drift plain . In the Des Moines metropolitan area , I-80 meets up with I-35 and the two routes bypass Downtown Des Moines together while I-235 proceeds straight through the metro and rejoins both on the far side. In Ankeny ,
7300-401: The population. The median household income was $ 30,129. According to the 2010 Census , Youngstown had 26,839 households and 15,150 families. The population density was 755.2/km (1958.5/sq mi). There were 33,123 housing units at an average density of 968.5 per square mile (373.9/km ). Youngstown's vacant-housing rate in 2010 was twenty times the national average. The city's racial makeup
7400-551: The rare species Santa Cruz tarplant in the right-of-way . In Nevada , I-80 traverses the northern portion of the state. The freeway serves the Reno metropolitan area , and it also goes through the towns of Fernley , Lovelock , Winnemucca , Battle Mountain , Elko , Wells , and West Wendover on its way through the state. The Nevada portion of I-80 follows the paths of the Truckee and Humboldt rivers, which have been used as
7500-626: The road does not vary from an ideally straight line by more than a few yards. After Lincoln, I-80 turns northeast toward Omaha . It then crosses the Missouri River in Omaha to enter the state of Iowa . Part of I-80 in Nebraska is marked as a Blue Star Memorial Highway . I-80 is the longest Interstate Highway in Iowa . It extends from west to east across the central portion of the state through
7600-652: The route of the first transcontinental railroad , except for the vicinity of the Great Salt Lake . From near Chicago east to near Youngstown, Ohio , I-80 is a toll road , containing most of both the Indiana Toll Road and the Ohio Turnpike . I-80 runs concurrently with I-90 from near Portage, Indiana , to Elyria, Ohio . In Pennsylvania , I-80 is known as the Keystone Shortway , a non-tolled freeway that crosses rural north-central portions of
7700-439: The same time, Youngstown never became economically diversified, as did larger industrial cities such as Chicago, Pittsburgh, Akron, or Cleveland. Hence, when economic changes forced the closure of plants throughout the 1970s, the city was left with few substantial economic alternatives. The September 19, 1977, announcement of the closure of a large portion of Youngstown Sheet and Tube , an event still referred to as "Black Monday",
7800-678: The season on average fall on October 14 and May 6, respectively, allowing a growing season of 160 days; however, freezing temperatures have been observed in every month except July. The normal annual mean temperature is 49.9 °F (9.9 °C). Normal yearly precipitation based on the 30-year average from 1991 to 2020 is 41.19 inches (1,046 mm), falling on an average of 168 days per year. Monthly precipitation has ranged from 10.66 in (271 mm) in June 1986 to 0.16 in (4.1 mm) in October 1924, while for annual precipitation
7900-700: The section from Teaneck to Fort Lee was resigned as I-95, and it is the latter roadway that enters New York City via the George Washington Bridge . I-80's designated end (as per signage and New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) documents) is four miles (6.4 km) short of New York City in Teaneck, before the Degraw Avenue overpass. There, signs designate the end of I-80 and the beginning of I-95/New Jersey Turnpike northbound. One section of I-80 running from Netcong to Denville
8000-756: The sign marking the Indiana–Michigan state line is visible. I-80/I-90 passes through the South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area , passing the University of Notre Dame and the University Park Mall , intersecting with the St. Joseph Valley Parkway . At another point in northern Indiana, I-80/I-90 comes within about 200 yards (180 m) of the Michigan border. In Ohio , I-80/I-90 enters from
8100-508: The southern edge of Great Salt Lake and continues on through Salt Lake City , where it merges with I-15 for three miles (5 km) before entering the Wasatch Range east of the city. It ascends Parleys Canyon and passes within a few miles of Park City as it follows a route through the mountains toward the junction with the eastern terminus of the western section of I-84 . From the junction it continues up Echo Canyon and on toward
8200-614: The state on the way to New Jersey and New York City. I-80 begins at an interchange with US Route 101 (US 101) in San Francisco and then crosses the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge into Oakland . It then heads northeast through Vallejo , Sacramento , and the Sierra Nevada before crossing into Nevada . A portion of the route through Pinole involved the experimental transplantation of
8300-633: The state. It runs from the Ohio state line near Sharon to the Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge over the Delaware River and is called the "Z.H. Confair Memorial Highway". It traverses the extreme northern section of Greater Pittsburgh . I-80 serves as the western terminus for I-376 which connects it to Pittsburgh International Airport and on to Downtown Pittsburgh and suburban Pittsburgh. I-80 intersects I-79 , which connects with Erie (about 75 miles (121 km) to
8400-806: The state. The intersection of I-76 and I-80 is visible from the Colorado–Nebraska state line. From its intersection with I-76 to Grand Island , I-80 lies in the valley of the South Platte River and the Platte River . The longest straight stretch of Interstate anywhere in the Interstate Highway System is the approximately 72 miles (116 km) of I-80 occurring between exit 318 in the Grand Island area and milemarker 390 near Lincoln . Along this length,
8500-408: The turnpike and running northeast as a freeway. I-80 runs east-southeast through the southern suburbs of Cleveland. Just northwest of Youngstown , the Ohio Turnpike continues southeast as I-76 , while I-80 exits the turnpike and runs east to the north of Youngstown, entering Pennsylvania south of Sharon, Pennsylvania . In Pennsylvania , I-80 is the main east–west freeway through the central part of
8600-429: The violence, historian William Lawson observed that the strike transformed industrial unions from "basically local and ineffective organizations into all-encompassing, nationwide collective bargaining representatives of American workers". Between the 1920s and 1960s, the city was known as an important industrial hub that featured the massive furnaces and foundries of such companies as Republic Steel and U.S. Steel . At
8700-555: Was 47.0% White , 45.2% African American , 0.4% Native American , 0.4% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 3.3% of some other race, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.3% of the population. The European ancestry included had 10.8% Italian , 10.8% Irish , 10.0% German , and 4.2% English ancestries. Among the Hispanic population, 5.7% were Puerto Rican , 1.9% Mexican , 0.1% Cuban , and 0.7% some other Hispanic or Latino. Records suggest 28.6% of
8800-519: Was 53.1 inches (135 cm) in December 2010, while winter snowfall amounts have ranged from 118.7 in (301 cm) in 2010–11 to 25.2 in (64 cm) in 1948–49. Springs generally see a transition to fewer weather systems that produce heavier rainfall. Summers are typically very warm and humid with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 7.7 days per year on average; the annual count has been as high as 40 days in 1943, while
8900-566: Was closed after a large fire destroyed many of its premier rides in 1984. The community's culture center is Powers Auditorium , a former Warner Brothers movie palace that serves as the area's primary music hall and a home for the Youngstown Symphony Orchestra . This downtown landmark is one of five auditoriums within the city. Ford Recital Hall was built in 2006 as an addition to newly renovated Powers Auditorium. Imposing and neo-classical Stambaugh Auditorium , on
9000-554: Was considered one of the city's cultural hotbeds due to many Welsh , Irish , Italian , and African American migrants settling in it, but primarily was once viewed as the city's " Little Italy " as reflected by the Brier Hill-style pizza . Each year, at the end of August, the Brier Hill Fest attracts thousands of visitors from Northeast Ohio and Western Pennsylvania . The historic Crandall Park neighborhood
9100-479: Was constructed in 1958. I-80 was included in the original plan for the Interstate Highway System as approved in 1956. The highway was built in segments, with the final piece of I-80 completed in 1986 on the western edge of Salt Lake City . This piece was coincidentally dedicated close to the 30th birthday of the Interstate Highway System, which was noted at the dedication and considered to be
9200-681: Was headquartered in Youngstown in the late 1970s. More recently, the city's downtown hosted the corporate headquarters of the now-defunct pharmacy chain store Phar-Mor , which was established by Youngstown native Mickey Monus . Despite the impact of regional economic decline, Youngstown offers an array of cultural and recreational resources. Youngstown's newest venue is the Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre ; an outdoor venue opened in 2019 upon former industrial grounds in Downtown that hosts various musicians. One of
9300-463: Was incorporated in 1848, and in 1867 Youngstown was chartered as a city. It became the county seat in 1876, when the administrative center of Mahoning County was moved from neighboring Canfield . Youngstown has been Mahoning County's county seat to this day. The discovery of coal by the community in the early 19th century paved the way for the Youngstown area's inclusion on the network of the famed Erie Canal . The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal Company
9400-504: Was met. By Saturday, the day they were ordered back to their jobs by a Common Pleas Court judge, citizens were reported as disturbed, rather than badly frightened, by the risks of police and fire services operating at about 30% normal headcounts. A car fire was the worst single incident. When ending the strike the judge also ordered the pay raise. Apart from a fruitless six-day "sick call" of police in Detroit in June 1967, Youngstown's
9500-405: Was named for John Young , an early settler from Whitestown, New York , who established the community's first sawmill and gristmill . It was an early industrial city of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and became known as a center of steel production. With the movement of jobs offshore as the steel industry in the United States fell into decline in the 1970s, the city became exemplary of
9600-551: Was once home to the city's wealthiest families, and many of the mansions of industrial executives are still including in the Crandall Park-Fifth Avenue Historic District. Youngstown's South Side is, and historically has been, the city's densest and most populous division, with numerous neighborhoods from each of the city's periods of expansion. The older neighborhoods in this district, Oak Hill, Erie, Warren , and Lower Gibson, were among
9700-499: Was organized in 1835, and the canal was completed in 1840. Local industrialist David Tod , who became Ohio governor during the Civil War , persuaded Lake Erie steamboat owners that coal mined in the Mahoning Valley could fuel their vessels if canal transportation were available between Youngstown and Cleveland. The railroad's arrival in 1856 smoothed the path for further economic growth. Youngstown's industrial development changed
9800-797: Was part of the Connecticut Western Reserve , a section of the Northwest Territory that Connecticut initially did not cede to the federal government. Upon cession, Connecticut retained the title to the land in the Western Reserve, which it sold to the Connecticut Land Company for $ 1,200,000. While many of the area's early settlers came from Connecticut, Youngstown attracted many Scots-Irish settlers from neighboring Pennsylvania . The first European Americans to settle permanently in
9900-635: Was suspected to have been caused by a natural gas leak . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 34.60 square miles (89.61 km ), of which 33.96 square miles (87.96 km ) is land and 0.64 square miles (1.66 km ) is water. Youngstown is in the Mahoning Valley on the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau . At the end of the last ice age , the glaciers left behind
10000-479: Was the first major police strike since the Boston Police Strike in 1919. As the editorial writers at The Sheboygan Press of Sheboygan, Wisconsin put it, "So we have seen the first successful strike by policemen and firemen. It is a precedent over which there should be little rejoicing." The industrial economy that drew various groups to the area collapsed in the late 1970s, culminating with
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