The Idaho State Historical Society (ISHS) is a historical society located in the U.S. state of Idaho that preserves and promotes the state's cultural heritage .
91-630: The society was founded as the Historical Society of Idaho Pioneers in 1881, nine years before statehood in 1890, and was established as a state agency in 1907. Employing over 50 staff and over 100 volunteers; it includes the Idaho State Historical Museum, the official state museum; the Idaho State Archives, which provides public access to state archives, for which it is responsible, in addition to
182-599: A Pinkerton agent and had acted as a paid informant for the Cripple Creek Mine Owners' Association . Darrow argued that Orchard's real motive in the assassination had been revenge for a declaration of martial law by Steunenberg, which prompted Orchard to gamble away a share in the Hercules silver mine that would otherwise have made him wealthy. Two of the WFM leaders were acquitted in two separate trials, and
273-552: A bicameral legislature. The term "government agency" or "administrative agency" usually applies to one of the independent agencies of the United States government , which exercise some degree of independence from the President's control. Although the heads of independent agencies are often appointed by the government, they can usually be removed only for cause. The heads of independent agencies work together in groups, such as
364-631: A collection of 3,000 negatives, scrapbooks and prints by Idaho photographer Everett L. "Shorty" Fuller (17 November 1906 - 10 August 2000). Fuller's photographs document street scenes, parades, and daily life in Boise during the 1930s and 1940s. The Idaho Oral History Center (IOHC) collects recordings of oral interviews of Idahoans who have lived through much of Idaho's history. The oral history collection currently includes almost 3,200 interviews, recorded on both audiotape and videotape. Nearly all have been indexed, and many have been fully transcribed. Since 1999
455-529: A commission, board or council. Independent agencies often function as miniature versions of the tripartite federal government with the authority to legislate (through the issuing or promulgation of regulations), to adjudicate disputes, and to enforce agency regulations. Examples of independent agencies include the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Federal Reserve Board , U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),
546-645: A considerable amount of controversy regarding the nature of acceptable force by the federal government in such situations. In 2001, the Aryan Nations compound, which had been located in Hayden Lake, Idaho , was confiscated as a result of a court case, and the organization moved out of state. About the same time Boise installed an impressive stone Human Rights Memorial featuring a bronze statue of Anne Frank and quotations from her and many other writers extolling human freedom and equality. The demographics of
637-416: A focal point for public records management standards guidelines, procedures, and educational offerings covering: The Research Library provides access and reference, both in person and digitally, to any patron who submits a query. The collection is varied and comprehensive within its focus on the history of Idaho . The library’s holdings cover a wide variety of mediums, including: PARL has been working with
728-620: A gradual shift away from mining toward agriculture, particularly in the south. Older mining communities such as Silver City and Rocky Bar gave way to agricultural communities incorporated after statehood, such as Nampa and Twin Falls . Milner Dam on the Snake River, completed in 1905, allowed for the formation of many agricultural communities in the Magic Valley region which had previously been nearly unpopulated. Meanwhile, some of
819-566: A large collection of material relating to the history of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest . The collection is extremely varied in subject, geographic area, and time period. ISA is open to the public and serves over 12,000 on- and off-site researchers on an annual basis. The staff also provide technical assistance on records management issues to governmental agencies in Idaho and general workshops on research methodology and other topics for
910-557: A later survey determined they had crossed the border. Mormon pioneers reached areas near the current-day Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming and established most of the historic and modern communities in Southeastern Idaho. These settlements include Ammon , Blackfoot , Chubbuck , Firth , Idaho Falls , Iona , Pocatello , Rexburg , Rigby , Shelley , and Ucon . Large numbers of English immigrants settled in what
1001-425: A mine near Cleveland was prospected in 1922 and produced a little manganese in 1926; a few tons of copper came from Fort Hall , and a few more tons of copper came from a mine near Montpelier . Similarly, a few tons of lead came from a property near Bear Lake , and lead- silver is known on Cassia Creek near Elba . Some gold quartz and lead-silver workings are on Ruby Creek west of Elk River , and there
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#17328025941071092-472: A slave owned by William Clark but considered a full member of Corps of Discovery during expedition to the Pacific, was the first recorded African American in Idaho. There is a significant African American population made up of those who came west after the abolition of slavery . Many settled near Pocatello and were ranchers , entertainers, and farmers. Although free, many blacks suffered discrimination in
1183-559: A tailspin. Since that time, a substantial increase in tourism in north Idaho has helped the region to recover. Coeur d'Alene , a lake-side resort town, is a destination for visitors in the area. Beginning in the 1980s, there was a rise in North Idaho of a few right-wing extremist and "survivalist" political groups, most notably one holding Neo-Nazi views, the Aryan Nations . These groups were most heavily concentrated in
1274-538: A treacherous mountain pass, you can't even drive from the north to the south without leaving the state." The northern population gravitates towards Spokane, Washington , the heavily Mormon south-east population towards Utah , with an isolated Boise "[being] the closest thing to a city-state that you'll find in America." On March 13, 2020, officials from the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare announced
1365-747: A variety of other reference material; the State Historic Preservation Office, which maintains records of historic places and archaeological sites in the state; and the Historic Sites Program, which oversees a number of historic sites including the Old Idaho State Penitentiary . The ISHS was established in 1881, eighteen years after the Idaho Territory was established, and nine years before statehood in 1890. Initially named
1456-529: Is Kevin R. Marsh of Idaho State University . The ISHS also publishes a quarterly newsletter, Mountain Light , as well as books, pamphlets and other materials. State agency A government agency or state agency , sometimes an appointed commission , is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government ( bureaucracy ) that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an administration . There
1547-773: Is a government agency of the Hellenic Republic that is responsible for the Greek regions of Macedonia and Thrace . The term agency in India has several meanings; for example, the Cabinet and the parliament Secretariat describes itself as a " nodal agency for coordination amongst the ministries of the Govt. of India". Most notably as an international feature, what appear to be independent agencies ( or apex agencies ) include some that have active roles for Ministers: such as,
1638-433: Is a notable variety of agency types. Although usage differs, a government agency is normally distinct both from a department or ministry , and other types of public body established by government . The functions of an agency are normally executive in character since different types of organizations ( such as commissions ) are most often constituted in an advisory role — this distinction is often blurred in practice however, it
1729-720: Is a slightly developed copper operation on Deer Creek near Winchester . Molybdenum is known on Roaring River and on the east fork of the Salmon. Some scattered mining enterprises have been undertaken around Soldier Mountain and on Chief Eagle Eye Creek north of Montour. Idaho proved to be one of the more receptive states to the progressive agenda of the late 19th century and early 20th century. The state embraced progressive policies such as women's suffrage (1896) and prohibition (1916) before they became federal law. Idahoans were also strongly supportive of Free Silver . The pro- bimetallism Populist and Silver Republican parties of
1820-595: Is an examination of the human history and social activity within the state of Idaho , one of the United States of America located in the Pacific Northwest area near the west coast of the United States and Canada. Other associated areas include southern Alaska, all of British Columbia , Washington , Oregon , western Montana and northern California and Nevada . Humans may have been present in Idaho for 16,600 years. Recent findings in Cooper's Ferry along
1911-514: Is not allowed. A government agency may be established by either a national government or a state government within a federal system. Agencies can be established by legislation or by executive powers. The autonomy, independence, and accountability of government agencies also vary widely. Early examples of organizations that would now be termed a government agency include the British Navy Board , responsible for ships and supplies, which
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#17328025941072002-473: Is now the state of Idaho in the late 19th and early 20th century, many before statehood. The English found they had more property rights and paid less taxes than they did back in England. They were considered some of the most desirable immigrants at the time. Many came from humble beginnings and would rise to prominence in Idaho. Frank R. Gooding was raised in a rural working-class background in England, but
2093-742: The 2000 census . Mountain Home , Boise , and Garden City have significant African-American populations. The Basque people from the Iberian peninsula in Spain and southern France were traditionally shepherds in Europe. They came to Idaho, offering hard work and perseverance in exchange for opportunity. One of the largest Basque communities in the US is in Boise, with a Basque museum and festival held annually in
2184-670: The Coeur d'Alene River . During this time, the region which became Idaho was part of an unorganized territory known as Oregon Country , claimed by both the United States and Great Britain. The United States gained undisputed jurisdiction over the region in the Oregon Treaty of 1846, although the area was under the de facto jurisdiction of the Provisional Government of Oregon from 1843 to 1849. The original boundaries of Oregon Territory in 1848 included all three of
2275-607: The Department of the Treasury . Most federal agencies are created by Congress through statutes called " enabling acts ", which define the scope of an agency's authority. Because the Constitution does not expressly mention federal agencies (as it does the three branches), some commentators have called agencies the "headless fourth branch" of the federal government. However, most independent agencies are technically part of
2366-637: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). A broader definition of the term "government agency" also means the United States federal executive departments that include the President's cabinet-level departments and their sub-units. Examples of these include the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which is a bureau of
2457-1176: The National Security Council , the Medical Council of India , the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research , and the NITI Aayog , which is chaired ex officio by the Prime Minister. Russia has had many government agencies throughout its history. The USSR had the secretive KGB . Today, Russian government agencies such as the FSB , FSO , and the GRU use Spetsnaz or other masked operators for any missions. Other organizations include Kremlin and presidential security. The Government agencies in Sweden are State controlled organizations who act independently to carry out
2548-670: The Northwest Digital Archives to provide access to manuscript collections within PARL. The goal of this collaboration is to develop finding aids to provide patrons with an understanding of the collections available. PARL has already developed a finding aid for oral histories from guards of the Old Idaho State Penitentiary that includes interviews on the prison, prison architecture, prison riots, and prisoner's rights. The Historical Society holds
2639-616: The Parliament of the United Kingdom , Scottish Parliament or the Welsh Parliament . The Congress and President of the United States delegate specific authority to government agencies to regulate the complex facets of the modern American federal state . Also, most of the 50 U.S. states have created similar government agencies. Each state government is similar to the national government, with all but one having
2730-537: The Salmon River in western Idaho near the town of Cottonwood have unearthed stone tools and animal bone fragments in what may be the oldest evidence of humans in North America. Earlier excavations in 1959 at Wilson Butte Cave near Twin Falls revealed evidence of human activity, including arrowheads, that rank among the oldest dated artifacts in North America. Native American tribes predominant in
2821-530: The 1960s and 1970s, and various ethnic groups in the state. Interviews are available to researchers at the PARL and, with a few exceptions, through interlibrary loan services. The Center offers information on oral history methods by means of workshops and instructional guides. The Idaho Oral History Center is an official partner and archive of the National Veterans History Project. The Idaho State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
Idaho State Historical Society - Misplaced Pages Continue
2912-535: The Burke-Canyon fighting. The Idaho National Guard and federal troops were dispatched to the area, and union miners and sympathizers were thrown into bullpens . Hostilities would again erupt at the Bunker Hill facility in 1899, when seventeen union miners were fired for having joined the union. Other union miners were likewise ordered to draw their pay and leave. Angry members of the union converged on
3003-670: The Columbia was created in June 1816, and Donald Mackenzie was assigned as its head. Mackenzie had previously been employed by Hudson's Bay and had been a partner in the Pacific Fur Company , financed principally by John Jacob Astor . During these early years, he traveled west with a Pacific Fur Company's party and was involved in the initial exploration of the Salmon River and Clearwater River. The company proceeded down
3094-675: The Historical Society of Idaho Pioneers, its goal was to discover and preserve Idaho’s heritage. Early efforts of the Historical Society led to the establishment of the Idaho State Historical Society as a state agency in 1907. The ISHS is charged with responsibility of preserving Idaho’s rich history and prehistory in accordance with Chapters 41 and 46 of Title 67 of the Idaho Code, and other statutory capacity assigned by Titles 14, 31, 33, 58, and 63. A board of trustees has statutory authority for setting policy for
3185-552: The IOHC's Oral Historian and Office Specialist have conducted interviews and have begun processing those interviews, as well as interviews donated to the IOHC by individuals. The IOHC placed basic information about processed interviews conducted between 1969 and 1998 on its website. Topics covered in the interviews include frontier and pioneer life, the Civilian Conservation Corps , mining, the women's movement of
3276-437: The Idaho legislature passed a revised eugenics act, now tailored to avoid Davis's earlier objections. The new law created a state board of eugenics, charged with: The Eugenics board was eventually folded into the state's health commission; between 1932 and 1964, a total of 30 women and eight men in Idaho were sterilized under this law. The sterilization law was formally repealed in 1972. After statehood, Idaho's economy began
3367-805: The National Historic Landmark Assay Office , where the State Historic Preservation Office is located. These sites give visitors the opportunity to immerse themselves in locations significant to Idaho’s history . The Historic Sites managed by the ISHS include: Idaho Yesterdays is a peer-reviewed historical journal published by the ISHS. Initiated in 1957, the periodical was distributed to society members and focused on current historical and cultural research on Idaho and its region. In spring 2009 it became an electronic journal, with new issues published and archived online and access no longer requiring ISHS membership. The current editor
3458-468: The Panhandle region of the state, particularly in the vicinity of Coeur d'Alene. In 1992 a stand-off occurred between U.S. Marshals , the F.B.I. , and white separatist Randy Weaver and his family at their compound at Ruby Ridge , located near the small, northern Idaho town of Naples. The ensuing fire-fight and deaths of a U.S. Marshal, and Weaver's son and wife gained national attention, and raised
3549-650: The Saint Louis fur trade into Idaho in 1824. The 1832 trapper's rendezvous at Pierre's Hole , held at the foot of the Three Tetons in modern Teton County , was followed by an intense battle between the Gros Ventre and a large party of American trappers aided by their Nez Perce and Flathead allies. The prospect of missionary work among the Native Americans also attracted early settlers to
3640-473: The Snake River plateau in 1810. He built Fort Henry on Henry's Fork on the upper Snake River, near modern St. Anthony, Idaho . However, this first American fur post west of the Rocky Mountains was abandoned the following spring. The British-owned Hudson's Bay Company next entered Idaho and controlled the trade in the Snake River area by the 1820s. The North West Company 's interior department of
3731-679: The Snake past Hells Canyon , he concluded that water transport was generally impractical. Mackenzie held the first rendezvous in the region on the Boise River in 1819. Despite their best efforts, early American fur companies in this region had difficulty maintaining the long-distance supply lines from the Missouri River system into the Intermountain West. However, Americans William H. Ashley and Jedediah Smith expanded
Idaho State Historical Society - Misplaced Pages Continue
3822-654: The United Kingdom developed the use of agencies to improve efficiency in public services. Administrative law in France refers to autorité administrative indépendante (AAI) or Independent Administrative Authorities. They tend to be prominent in the following areas of public policy; Independent Administrative Authorities in France may not be instructed or ordered to take specific actions by the government. The General Secretariat for Macedonia and Thrace ( Greek : Γενική Γραμματεία Μακεδονίας-Θράκης), previously Ministry for Macedonia and Thrace ( Greek : Υπουργείο Μακεδονίας-Θράκης)
3913-699: The adjacent Pioneer Village, which includes some of the oldest buildings in Idaho: the Isaac Coston log cabin (1863), Thomas Logan adobe house (1865), and the Richard Adelmann house (1870-80s). Currently under construction in the village is the Lewis and Clark Discovery Trail, an outdoor, hands-on interpretive area focused on the scientific legacy of the Voyage of Discovery. The Idaho State Historical Museum
4004-401: The area and blew up the Bunker Hill Mill, killing two company men. In both disputes, the union's complaints included pay, hours of work, the right of miners to belong to the union, and the mine owners' use of informants and undercover agents . The violence committed by union miners was answered with a brutal response in 1892 and in 1899. Through the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) union,
4095-461: The area in historic times included the Nez Perce and the Coeur d'Alene in the north; and the Northern and Western Shoshone and Bannock peoples in the south. Idaho was one of the last areas in the lower 48 states of the US to be explored by people of European descent. The Lewis and Clark expedition entered present-day Idaho on August 12, 1805, at Lemhi Pass . It is believed that the first "European descent" expedition to enter southern Idaho
4186-439: The areas that later became the states of Idaho, Montana and Wyoming , and had a population of under 17,000. Idaho Territory assumed the boundaries of the modern state in 1868 and was admitted as a state in 1890. After Idaho became a territory, legislation was held in Lewiston, the capital of Idaho Territory at the time. There were many territories acts put into place, and then taken away during these early sessions, one act being
4277-464: The battles in the mining district became closely tied to a major miners' strike in Colorado . The struggle culminated in the December 1905 assassination of former Governor Frank Steunenberg by Harry Orchard (also known as Albert Horsley), a member of the WFM. Orchard was allegedly incensed by Steunenberg's efforts as governor to put down the 1899 miner uprising after being elected on a pro-labor platform. Pinkerton detective James McParland conducted
4368-425: The best estimates. Of the metallic mining areas of Idaho, the Coeur d'Alene region has produced the most by far, and accounts for about 80% of the total Idaho yield. Several others— Boise Basin , Wood River Valley , Stibnite , Blackbirg , and Owyhee —range considerably above the other big producers. Atlanta , Bear Valley , Bay Horse , Florence , Gilmore , Mackay , Patterson , and Yankee Fork all ran on
4459-702: The city. Chinese in the mid-19th century came to America through San Francisco to work on the railroad and open businesses. By 1870, there were over 4000 Chinese and they comprised almost 30% of the population. They suffered discrimination due to the Anti-Chinese League in the 19th century which sought to limit the rights and opportunities of Chinese emigrants. Today Asians are third in population demographically after Whites and Hispanics at less than 2%. On March 4, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed an act creating Idaho Territory from portions of Washington Territory and Dakota Territory with its capital at Lewiston . The original Idaho Territory included most of
4550-399: The constitution on November 5, 1889. When President Benjamin Harrison signed the law admitting Idaho as a U.S. state on July 3, 1890, the population was 88,548. George L. Shoup became the state's first governor, but resigned after only a few weeks in office to take a seat in the United States Senate . Willis Sweet , a Republican, was the first congressman, 1890 to 1895, representing
4641-517: The dominant language until World War I, when German-Americans were pressured to convert entirely to English. Today, Idahoans of German ancestry make up nearly one fifth of all Idahoans and make up the second largest ethnic group after Idahoans of English descent with people of German ancestry being 18.1% of the state and people of English ancestry being 20.1% of the state. Irish Catholics worked in railroad centers such as Boise. Today, 10% of Idahoans self-identify as having Irish ancestry. York ,
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#17328025941074732-444: The early-to-mid-late 20th century. The black population of the state continues to grow as many come to the state because of educational opportunities, to serve in the military , and for other employment opportunities. There is a Black History Museum in Boise, Idaho, with an exhibit known as the "Invisible Idahoan", which chronicles the first African-Americans in the state. Blacks are the fourth largest ethnic group in Idaho according to
4823-474: The executive branch, with a few located in the legislative branch of government. By enacting the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in 1946, Congress established some means to oversee government agency action. The APA established uniform administrative law procedures for a federal agency's promulgation of rules and adjudication of claims. The APA also sets forth the process for judicial review of agency action. History of Idaho The history of Idaho
4914-412: The first case, she did not require hospitalization and she was recovering from mild symptoms from home. On March 17, two more confirmed cases of the infection were reported, bringing the total to seven. The first case on this date was by officials from Central District Health reported that a female under the age of 50 in Ada County was recovering at home and was not hospitalized. The second confirmed case
5005-441: The first confirmed case of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 within the state of Idaho. A woman over the age of 50 from the southwestern part of the state was confirmed to have the coronavirus infection. She contracted the infection while attending a conference in New York City . Conference coordinators notified attendees that three individuals previously tested positive for the coronavirus. The Idahoan did not require hospitalization and
5096-415: The first non-native women to enter present-day Idaho. Cataldo Mission , the oldest standing building in Idaho, was constructed at Cataldo by the Coeur d'Alene and Catholic missionaries . In 1842, Father Pierre-Jean De Smet , with Fr. Nicholas Point and Br. Charles Duet, selected a mission location along the St. Joe River . The mission was moved a short distance away in 1846, as the original location
5187-454: The first of several gold rushes in Idaho began at Pierce in present-day Clearwater County . By 1862, settlements in both the north and south had formed around the mining boom. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints missionaries founded Fort Lemhi in 1855, but the settlement did not last. The first organized town in Idaho was Franklin , settled in April 1860 by Mormon pioneers who believed they were in Utah Territory ; although
5278-420: The governor to represent Idaho's seven judicial districts. The Society now directly reaches more than 100,000 people annually and serves an additional 700,000 on its web site. http://www.history.idaho.gov The Idaho State Historical Museum, located in Idaho’s capital city of Boise, is the official state historical museum. From its origin as a "cabinet of curiosities," the Idaho State Historical Museum has become
5369-638: The inventory. The SHPO works with Federal and State agencies, cities, counties, and tribes to minimize the effects of development on historic properties and assists developers in obtaining Federal tax incentives for appropriate rehabilitation of historic buildings. It is responsible for planning preservation activities and cultural resource management . It is also responsible for overseeing the Archeological Survey of Idaho, including caring for its collections and conducting and overseeing archaeological investigations in Idaho. The Historic Sites program oversees sites at Pierce, Franklin, Rock Creek, and Boise, including
5460-460: The investigation into the assassination. In 1907, WFM Secretary Treasurer "Big Bill" Haywood and two other WFM leaders were tried on a charge of conspiracy to murder Steunenberg, with Orchard testifying against them as part of a deal made with McParland. The nationally publicized trial featured Senator William E. Borah as prosecuting attorney and Clarence Darrow representing the defendants. The defense team presented evidence that Orchard had been
5551-409: The largest and most visited museum in the state. Its many interactive programs educate visitors in the historical value of its diverse and comprehensive collections. It is the official repository of artifacts relating to Idaho’s and regional history. The museum’s collection is made up of over 250,000 objects. The collection includes a comprehensive permanent exhibit on Idaho’s history, and exhibits on
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#17328025941075642-428: The late 1890s were particularly successful in the state. Eugenics was also a major part of the Progressive movement. In 1919, the Idaho legislature passed an Act legalizing the forced sterilization of some persons institutionalized in the state. The act was vetoed by governor D.W. Davis , who doubted its scientific merits and believed it likely violated the Equal Protection clause of the US Constitution. In 1925,
5733-428: The lower Snake River and Columbia River by canoe, and were the first of the Overland Astorians to reach Fort Astoria, on January 18, 1812. Under Mackenzie, the North West Company was a dominant force in the fur trade in the Snake River country. Out of Fort George in Astoria, Mackenzie led fur brigades up the Snake River in 1816-1817 and up the lower Snake in 1817-1818. Fort Nez Perce , established in July, 1818, became
5824-422: The mining towns were able to reinvent themselves as resort communities, most notably in Blaine County , where the Sun Valley ski resort opened in 1936. Others, such as Silver City and Rocky Bar, became ghost towns . In the north, mining continued to be an important industry for several more decades. The closure of the Bunker Hill Mine complex in Shoshone County in the early 1980s sent the region's economy into
5915-471: The move of the capital city from Lewiston to Boise City. Boise was becoming a growing area after gold was found, so on December 24, 1864, Boise City was made the final destination of the capital for the Territory of Idaho. However, moving the capital to Boise City created a lot of issues between the territory. This was especially true between the north and south areas in the territory, due to how far south Boise City was. Problems with communicating between
6006-422: The nearby community of Gem, where union miners attempted to locate a Pinkerton spy who had infiltrated their union and was passing information to the mine operators. But agent Charlie Siringo escaped by cutting a hole in the floor of his room. Strikers forced the Gem mine to close, then traveled west to the Bunker Hill mining complex near Wardner , and closed down that facility as well. Several had been killed in
6097-441: The north and south contributed to some land in Idaho Territory being transferred to other territories and areas at the time. Idaho’s early boundary changes helped create the current boundaries of Washington, Wyoming, and Montana States as currently exist. In a bid for statehood, Governor Edward A. Stevenson called for a constitutional convention in 1889. The convention approved a constitution on August 6, 1889, and voters approved
6188-402: The order of ten to twenty million dollars, and Elk City , Leesburg , Pierce , Rocky Bar , and Warren's make up the rest of the major Idaho mining areas that stand out in the sixty or so regions of production worthy of mention. A number of small operations do not appear in this list of Idaho metallic mining areas: a small amount of gold was recovered from Goose Creek on Salmon Meadows ;
6279-513: The outcome in individual cases as well. In addition to the State and its agencies, there are also local government agencies, which are extensions of municipalities and county councils . Agencies in the United Kingdom are either executive agencies answerable to government ministers or non-departmental public bodies answerable directly to parliament or the devolved assemblies of the United Kingdom. They are also commonly known as Quangos . Agencies can be created by enabling legislation by
6370-416: The policies of the Government of Sweden . The Ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to control agencies by policy decisions but not by direct orders. This means that while the agencies are subject to decisions made by the Government, Ministers are explicitly prohibited (so-called ban on ministerstyre ) from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or
6461-469: The present-day Pacific Northwest states and extended eastward to the Continental Divide . In 1853, areas north of the 46th Parallel became Washington Territory , splitting what is now Idaho in two. The future state was reunited in 1859 after Oregon became a state and the boundaries of Washington Territory were redrawn. While thousands passed through Idaho on the Oregon Trail or during the California gold rush of 1849, few people settled there. In 1860,
6552-621: The public. On March 12, 1947, the Idaho Legislature enacted legislation assigning state archival authority to the ISHS (Idaho Session Laws, C.161'47, pp. 416–417). The Society was charged with establishing a unified state archive "in order to preserve and protect the historically important state, county, city, and village archives, and thus facilitate the use of Idaho records for official reference and historical research." The law further authorized and empowered custodians of records not in current use, but of historical significance to
6643-546: The region. In 1809, Kullyspell House , the first white-owned establishment and first trading post in Idaho, was constructed. In 1836, the Reverend Henry H. Spalding established a Protestant mission near Lapwai , where he printed the Northwest's first book, established Idaho's first school, developed its first irrigation system , and grew the state's first potatoes . Narcissa Whitman and Eliza Hart Spalding were
6734-470: The second confirmed case within the state. The South Central Public Health District , announced that a woman over the age of 50 that resides in Blaine County had contracted the infection. Like the first case, she did not require hospitalization and she was recovering from mild symptoms from home. Later on in the day, three additional confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in the state by three of
6825-399: The seven health districts in the state, which brought the confirmed total cases of coronavirus to five in Idaho. Officials from Central District Health announced their second confirmed case, which was a male from Ada County in his 50s. He was not hospitalized and was recovering at home. South Central Public Health reported their second confirmed case in a female that is over the age of 70 who
6916-679: The society, which serves as an agency of the State Board of Education. From its original "library and cabinet" meant to preserve "literary and scientific objects" the Society has evolved to include the Idaho State Historical Museum, the Public Archives and Research Library, the State Historic Preservation Office, the Historic Sites Program, and the Administration unit. The ISHS has a seven-member Board of Trustees appointed by
7007-659: The staging point for Mackenzies' Snake brigades. The expedition of 1818-1819 explored the Blue Mountains, and traveled down the Snake River to the Bear River and approached the headwaters of the Snake. Mackenzie sought to establish a navigable route up the Snake River from Fort Nez Perce to the Boise area in 1819. While he did succeed in traveling by boat from the Columbia River through the Grand Canyon of
7098-600: The state at-large. He vigorously demanded "Free Silver" or the unrestricted coinage of silver into legal tender, in order to pour money into the large silver mining industry in the Mountain West, but he was defeated by supporters of the gold standard. In 1896 he, like many Republicans from silver mining districts, supported the Silver Republican Party instead of the regular Republican nominee William McKinley. During its first years of statehood, Idaho
7189-502: The state have changed. Due to this growth in different groups, especially in Boise, the economic expansion surged wrong-economic growth followed the high standard of living and resulted in the "growth of different groups". The population of Idaho in the 21st Century has been described as sharply divided along geographic and cultural lines due to the center of the state being dominated by sparsely-populated national forests, mountain ranges and recreation sites: "unless you're willing to navigate
7280-405: The state, or any county, city, or village, to deliver the records to the ISHS for permanent preservation. The law provided for the certification of such records by the ISHS and authorized the ISHS to require and supervise the collection of historically important archives. These powers and duties are captured in Idaho Code 67-4126. The archives has been part of PARL since 2006. The archive serves as
7371-409: The state’s varied cultures, occupations, and experiences. The museum also produces and hosts special temporary and traveling exhibits on a wide variety of historical and cultural subjects. The museum developed the J. Curtis Earl Exhibit at the Old Idaho State Penitentiary , featuring one of the nation’s largest collections of historic arms and military memorabilia. The museum also developed and maintains
7462-477: The third was released. Orchard was convicted and sentenced to death. His sentence was commuted, and he spent the rest of his life in an Idaho prison. Mining in Idaho was a major commercial venture, bringing a great deal of attention to the state. From 1860-1866 Idaho produced 19% of all gold in the United States, or 2.5 million ounces. Most of Idaho's mining production, 1860–1969, has come from metals equating to $ 2.88 billion out of $ 3.42 billion, according to
7553-542: Was by a group led in 1811 and 1812 by Wilson Price Hunt , which navigated the Snake River while attempting to blaze an all-water trail westward from St. Louis, Missouri , to Astoria, Oregon . At that time, approximately 8,000 Native Americans lived in the region. Fur trading led to the first significant incursion of Europeans in the region. Andrew Henry of the Missouri Fur Company first entered
7644-643: Was established in 1546 by King Henry VIII and the British Commissioners of Bankruptcy established in 1570. From 1933, the New Deal saw growth in U.S. federal agencies, the " alphabet agencies " as they were used to deliver new programs created by legislation, such as the Federal Emergency Relief Administration . From the 1980s, as part of New Public Management , several countries including Australia and
7735-476: Was established in 1966 to lead historic preservation in the state. The Idaho SHPO undertakes a wide variety of statewide activities. Its responsibilities include managing the National Register of Historic Places program for the state. The SHPO also maintains Idaho’s inventory of records for archaeological sites and historic buildings and structures. Currently, there are approximately 70,000 properties in
7826-465: Was eventually elected as the seventh governor of the state. Today people of English descent make up one fifth of the entire state of Idaho and form a plurality in the southern portion of the state. Many German farmers also settled in what is now Idaho. German settlers were primarily Lutheran across all of the midwest and west, including Idaho, however there were small numbers of Catholics amongst them as well. In parts of Northern Idaho, German remained
7917-462: Was hospitalized. Eastern Idaho Public Health reported a confirmed positive case in a woman under the age of 60 in Teton County . She had contracted the coronavirus from contact with a confirmed case in a neighboring state; she was not hospitalized. The South Central Public Health District announced that a woman over the age of 50 that resides in Blaine County had contracted the infection. Like
8008-683: Was one of the first western institutions, and the first in the state of Idaho, to be accredited by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM). The museum strictly follows the professional standards and procedures set by the AAM. It hosts over 30,000 visitors each year, including approximately 12,000 schoolchildren. It developed and maintains educational trunks and exhibits that travel to communities statewide. It also Provides statewide technical assistance to small museums and individuals. The Idaho State Archives (ISA) provides public and scholarly access to
8099-563: Was plagued by labor unrest in the mining district of Coeur d'Alene . In 1892, miners called a strike which developed into a shooting war between union miners and company guards . Each side accused the other of starting the fight. The first shots were exchanged at the Frisco mine in Frisco, in the Burke-Canyon north and east of Wallace . The Frisco mine was blown up, and company guards were taken prisoner. The violence soon spilled over into
8190-406: Was recovering from mild symptoms from her home. At the time of the announcement, there were 1,629 total cases and 41 deaths in the United States. Five days beforehand, on March 8, a man of age 54 had died of an unknown respiratory illness which his doctor had believed to be pneumonia . The disease was later suspected to be – but never confirmed as – COVID-19. On March 14, state officials announced
8281-458: Was subject to flooding. In 1850, Antonio Ravalli designed a new mission building and Indians affiliated with the church effort built the mission, without nails, using the wattle and daub method . In time, the Cataldo mission became an important stop for traders, settlers, and miners. It served as a place for rest from the trail, offered needed supplies, and was a working port for boats heading up
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