Misplaced Pages

#81918

88-524: The current Iraqi Police has some links with the pre-war Iraqi police service, which was professional and low in repression priority. Therefore, the police were expected to remain cohesive and to be a useful instrument after the invasion as well. It was intended to form the basis for the police force of the new Iraq, but the civil disorder caused this project to be abandoned. Following the emergency stipend payment, some police came back especially in Baghdad and

176-591: A 2006 human rights report accusing the Iraqi police of widespread atrocities. In October of that year, the Iraqi government dismantled a police brigade with connections to sectarian death squads . The dismantled brigade was transferred to a US base for retraining. Other police brigades will be investigated for links to death squads. The number of police is difficult to estimate, since local police chiefs may exaggerate their numbers to obtain increased funding for their stations, and people drift in and out of service. Although

264-459: A 300-year period before being annihilated by Mongol invaders. Hashishiyeen were known for their targeting of the powerful, their use of the dagger as a weapon (rather than something safer for the assassin such as a crossbow), and for making no attempt to escape after completing their killing. Arnold von Winkelried became a hero in the Swiss struggle for independence when he sacrificed himself at

352-418: A Baghdad Interior Ministry building. Twelve of the prisoners reportedly had signs of torture and malnutrition. The story gave credence to the accusations, sowing further distrust of the police force. A report into the findings at the building was promised by Iraqi president Ibrahim Jaafari at the end of December 2005, but as of 4 May 2006 no report was issued. The United States Department of State released

440-573: A French ship with a suicide attack during the Suez Crisis in 1956. However, none of the French ships named by the sources were harmed during the crisis. On 21 March 1968, in response to persistent Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) raids against Israeli civilian targets, Israel attacked the town of Karameh , Jordan, the site of a major PLO camp. The goal of the invasion was to destroy Karameh camp and capture Yasser Arafat in reprisal for

528-486: A Japanese kamikaze attempt on an American carrier as a "suicide bombing". In 1945, The Times of London referred to a kamikaze plane as a "suicide-bomb" and two years later, it referred to a new British pilot-less, radio-controlled rocket missile as originally designed "as a counter-measure to the Japanese 'suicide-bomber'". Suicide attacks include both suicide terrorism and attacks targeting combatants. Terrorism

616-647: A base and allowed them to buy their own weapons. The Zeravani unlike the Peshmerga are equipped with modern American, Russian and French arms and weapons. While the Peshmerga often use old Soviet and American weapons from the 60s. 1991 and 27 tanks captured from the Iraqi Army in 2003. 8 tanks destroyed during the 1990s and 6 tanks destroyed in the fight against ISIS 3000+ Humvees. Peshmerga Forces. from Iraqi Army in 1991 and 5 were given by Russia in 2016. gun M1939 (52-K) 18 further pieces donated by

704-552: A baseball cap, body armour and PASGT helmet. FP uniforms are issued when an officer has completed training; officers not yet trained wear a variety of uniforms, including woodland camouflage . FP officers are organised into brigades which cover geographic areas. Rank insignia for the IP is nearly identical to that of the Iraqi Army, except that the shoulder boards are usually dark blue. Officers ranks and ranks of NCOs and constables are

792-518: A bomb in a trash can." "Genocide bombing" was coined in 2002 by Irwin Cotler , a member of the Canadian parliament, in an effort to focus attention on the alleged intention of genocide by militant Palestinians in their calls to " wipe Israel off the map ". In German-speaking areas the term "sacrifice bombing" (Ger. Opferanschlag ) was proposed in 2012 by German scholar Arata Takeda. The term

880-492: A large scale at the end of World War II . About 3000 attacks were made and about 50 ships were sunk. Later in the war, as Japan became more desperate, this act became formalized and ritualized, as planes were outfitted with explosives specific to the task of a suicide mission. Kamikaze strikes were a weapon of asymmetric war used by the Empire of Japan against United States Navy and Royal Navy aircraft carriers , although

968-471: A modified version of the W54 nuclear bomb. The report stated that he and other soldiers training for the program knew this was a suicide mission because either it would be unrealistic to outrun the timer on the bomb, or that soldiers would be obligated to secure the site before the timer went off. However, in theory the timer could be set long enough to give the team a chance to escape. Bently claimed "We all knew it

SECTION 10

#1732791096082

1056-430: A result, many police officers have abandoned their posts. As of October 7, 2006, 12,000 Iraqi Police deserted and 4,000 were killed. On 17 August 2016, a market owner was killed by a police officer after a brawl began when the market owner "refused to back his vehicle" in Baghdad. The Ba'athist regime began to increase the role of extremist Islam in government during the early 1990s, with required religious education in

1144-431: Is intended to shift the focus away from the suicide of the perpetrators and towards their use as weapons by their commanders. The first-century AD Jewish Sicarii sect are thought to have carried out suicidal attacks against Hellenized Jews they considered immoral collaborators. The Hashishiyeen ( Assassins ) sect of Ismaili Shi'a Muslims assassinated two caliphs, as well as many viziers, sultans and Crusader leaders over

1232-439: Is little in common between people who blow themselves up intending to kill as many people as possible in the process and actual suicide victims. Fox News producer Dennis Murray argued that a suicidal act should be reserved for a person who does something to kill themselves only. CNN producer Christa Robinson argued that the term "homicide bomber" was not specific enough, stating that "A homicide bomber could refer to someone planting

1320-447: Is often defined any action "intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants" for the purpose of intimidation. An alternative definition provided by Jason Burke —a journalist who has lived among Islamic militants—suggests that most define terrorism as "the use or threat of serious violence" to advance some kind of "cause", stressing that terrorism is a tactic. Academic Fred Halliday has written that assigning

1408-717: The Aceh Sultanate performed suicide attacks known as Parang-sabil against Dutch invaders during the Aceh War . It was considered as part of personal jihad in the Islamic religion of the Acehnese. The Dutch called it Atjèh-moord , (literally "Aceh-murder"). The Acehnese work of literature, the Hikayat Perang Sabil provided the background and reasoning for the "Aceh-mord"—Acehnese suicide attacks upon

1496-708: The Battle for Berlin the Luftwaffe flew "Self-sacrifice missions" ( Selbstopfereinsätze ) against Soviet bridges over the River Oder . These 'total missions' were flown by pilots of the Leonidas Squadron . From 17 to 20 April 1945, using any available aircraft, the Luftwaffe claimed the squadron had destroyed 17 bridges. However, military historian Antony Beevor believes this claim was exaggerated and only

1584-491: The Battle of Sempach in 1386. The earliest known non-military suicide attack occurred in Murchison , New Zealand, on 14 July 1905. When a long-standing dispute between two farmers resulted in a court case, the defendant (Joseph Sewell) arrived with sticks of gelignite strapped to his body. When during the court proceedings Sewell excitedly shouted "I'll blow the devil to hell, and I have enough dynamite to do just that", he

1672-667: The Columbine High School massacre , the Virginia Tech shooting or Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in the U.S.) are driven by personal and psychological reasons, rather than political, social or religious motives. It may not always be clear to investigators which type of killing is which—suicide attack campaigns sometimes use proxy bombers (as alleged in Iraq) or manipulate the vulnerable to become bombers. At least one researcher ( Adam Lankford ) argues that

1760-681: The Iraqi Federal Police , in order to conduct effective police work and counter-insurgency operations. Since 2014, also the Zeravani have undergone training with the Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve . The Zêrevanî training is conducted primarily by the Italian Carabinieri , but also by Canadian, British, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Finnish and Hungarian forces. As of 2016,

1848-608: The January 28 Incident , a Dare to Die squad struck against the Japanese. Suicide bombing was also used against the Japanese. A "dare to die corps" was effectively used against Japanese units at the Battle of Taierzhuang . They used swords and wore suicide vests made out of grenades. A Chinese soldier detonated a grenade vest and killed 20 Japanese soldiers at Sihang Warehouse . Chinese troops strapped explosives such as grenade packs or dynamite to their bodies and threw themselves under Japanese tanks to blow them up. This tactic

SECTION 20

#1732791096082

1936-482: The Lod Airport massacre or "reckless charge in battle", focusing only on true "suicide attacks", where the odds of survival are not "close to zero" but required to be zero, because "the perpetrator's ensured death is a precondition for the success of his mission". Also excluded from the definition are " proxy bombings ", which may have political goals and be designed to look like a suicide bombing, but in which

2024-640: The Ninewa Operational Command with its headquarters in Mosul , collapsed in the ISIS 2014 Northern Iraq offensive by 9 June. The 4th Division was headquartered in Basra. Some reinforcing units, such as the 9th Brigade, 4th Federal Police Division, also withered once deployed to the front lines. The Iraqi Police Service uniform consists of a long-sleeved, light-blue shirt with a blue brassard on

2112-463: The Palestinian territories , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka . By mid-2015, about three-quarters of all suicide attacks occurred in just three countries: Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq. William Hutchinson (W. Hutchinson) describes suicide attacks as a weapon of psychological warfare aimed at instilling fear in the target population, undermining areas where the public feels secure, and eroding

2200-583: The September 11 attacks in 2001. Initially, these attacks primarily targeted military, police, and public officials. This approach continued with groups like al-Qaeda , which combined mass civilian targets with political leadership. While only a few suicide attacks occurred between 1945 and 1980, between 1981 and September 2015, a total of 4,814 suicide attacks were carried out in over 40 countries, resulting in over 45,000 deaths. The global frequency of these attacks increased from an average of three per year in

2288-576: The Siege of Fort Zeelandia . On 5 February 1831, during the Belgian Revolution , a gale blew a Dutch gunboat under the command of Jan van Speyk into the quay of the port of Antwerp . As the ship was stormed by Belgians, van Speyk refused to surrender, instead igniting the ship's gunpowder with either his gun or cigar, blowing up the ship. The explosion killed 28 out of the 31 crewmen and an unknown number of Belgians. Muslim Acehnese from

2376-536: The Soviet Union in 1961–62. 18 pieces captured from Iraqi Army in 1991 and 24 pieces in 2003. Suicide attack A suicide attack is a deliberate attack in which the perpetrators knowingly sacrifice their own lives as part of the attack. These attacks are often associated with terrorism or military conflicts and are considered a form of murder–suicide . Suicide attacks involving explosives are commonly referred to as suicide bombings . In

2464-469: The U.S. Army military police conducted emergency training. At the same time, in the south the British forces began to establish local police forces in coordination with Shiite religious leaders. In the north, Kurdish security forces did not experience any interruption, and in Mosul a thousand former police officers were hired by Major General David Petraeus in order to maintain the public order. In

2552-604: The armoured flight deck of the Royal Navy carriers diminished Kamikaze effectiveness. Along with fitting existing aircraft with bombs, the Japanese also developed the Ohka , a purpose-built suicide aircraft, air-launched from a carrying bomber and propelled to the target at high speed using rocket engines. The Japanese Navy also used piloted torpedoes called kaiten ("Heaven shaker") on suicide missions. Although sometimes called midget submarines , these were modified versions of

2640-598: The first recorded female suicide bomber in 1985. During the Sri Lankan Civil War , the Tamil Tigers (LTTE) adopted suicide bombing as a tactic, using bomb belts and female bombers. The LTTE carried out their first suicide attack in July 1987, and their Black Tiger unit committed 83 suicide attacks from 1987 to 2009, killing 981 people including former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and

2728-441: The "fabric of trust that holds societies together." This weapon is further used to demonstrate the lengths to which perpetrators will go to achieve their goals. Motivations for suicide attackers vary: kamikaze pilots acted under military orders, while other attacks have been driven by religious or nationalist purposes. According to analyst Robert Pape , prior to 2003, most attacks targeted occupying forces. From 2000 to 2004,

Iraqi Police - Misplaced Pages Continue

2816-418: The "proxy" is forced to carry a bomb under threat (such as having their children killed), or where the proxy isn't fully aware that they are delivering a bomb that will kill them. The definition also generally excludes mass shootings in which the perpetrators commit suicide, as the shooter committing suicide is a separate act from shooting their victims. Further distinction is how many of such shootings (such as

2904-774: The 1980s to 81 suicide attacks in 2001 and 460 in 2005. By 2005, the tactic had spread to dozens of countries. Suicide bombing became a popular tactic among Palestinian terrorist organizations such as Hamas , Islamic Jihad , the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade , and occasionally by the PFLP . The first suicide bombing in Israel was by Hamas in 1994. Attacks peaked from 2001 to 2003 with over 40 bombings and over 200 killed in 2002. Bombers affiliated with these groups often use so-called " suicide belts ", explosive devices (often including shrapnel ) designed to be strapped to

2992-432: The 1980s to roughly one per month in the 1990s, almost one per week from 2001 to 2003, and roughly one per day from 2003 to 2015. In 2019, there were 149 suicide bombings in 24 countries, carried out by 236 individuals. These attacks resulted in 1,850 deaths and 3,660 injuries. Suicide attacks distinguish themselves from other terror attacks due to their heightened lethality and destructiveness. Perpetrators benefit from

3080-476: The 2003 US-led invasion. Large-scale operations were conducted by coalition forces to assist in policing and train the Iraqi Police (IP) and security forces. Police transition teams (PTTs) are US military-police squads deployed to Iraqi Police stations. The teams conduct joint patrols with the IP, share station defense and gather station information and counter-terrorism intelligence. The joint patrols of

3168-488: The Acehnese rebelled again. Moro Muslims who performed suicide attacks were called mag-sabil , and the suicide attacks were known as Parang-sabil . The Spanish called them juramentados . The idea of the juramentado was considered part of jihad in the Moros' Islamic religion. During an attack, a juramentado would throw himself at his targets and kill them with bladed weapons such as barongs and kris until he himself

3256-545: The Baathist rule. At the end of 2003, Iraqi Police formally totalled 50,000 officers. In 2009 the Iraqi Police was under the command of Major General Hussein Jassim Alawadi. The Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq (MNSTC-I) was a United States Central Command organisation tasked to train, mentor and equip all Iraqi civilian security forces. MNSTC-I also had the goal of training their counterparts in

3344-461: The Communists formed "Dare to Die Corps" to fight for their organizations, with their lives. During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre , protesting students also formed "Dare to Die Corps", to risk their lives defending the protest leaders. Kamikaze , a ritual act of self-sacrifice carried out by Japanese pilots of explosive-laden aircraft against Allied warships, occurred on

3432-624: The Dutch. The Indonesian translations of the Dutch terms are Aceh bodoh (Aceh pungo) or Aceh gila (Aceh mord). Atjèh-moord was also used against the Japanese by the Acehnese during the Japanese occupation of Aceh . The Acehnese Ulama (Islamic Scholars) fought against both the Dutch and the Japanese, revolting against the Dutch in February 1942 and against Japan in November 1942. The revolt

3520-686: The Interior but are a part of the Peshmerga (armed forces), and provide security for government and industrial property and support to civilian police & the military. The first Commanding Chief of Zêrevanî was Faridun Jwanroyi, Fraydoon resigned in 2010 and Aziz Weysi Bani was assigned as the Major General of the Zêrevanî. The Zêrevanî were established in 1997 by the KDP in order to support

3608-484: The Iraqi government of Iraq to assume their role. MNSTC-I was dissolved in 2010. The Iraqi Police had three main branches: By 2012-13 there were four Federal Police Divisions, spread out around the country. The 1st and 2nd Motorized Divisions were headquartered in Baghdad and created out of the former Commando Division and the Public Order Division. The 3rd Federal Police Division, under the auspices of

Iraqi Police - Misplaced Pages Continue

3696-533: The Islamic fundamentalist Badr Brigade , which have been given leeway to punish those suspected of immorality. In Basra , police guarding a local park reportedly made no attempt to stop an armed group from severely beating two women and shooting a male Iraqi friend of theirs to death. The Iraqi government has been accused of using (or allowing) the police and other groups to carry out sectarian killings and kidnappings of Sunni Iraqis. In December 2005, US troops found 625 inmates held in "very overcrowded" conditions in

3784-474: The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor which thrust the United States into World War II ". They involved the hijacking of four large passenger jet airliners . Unlike earlier airline hijackings, the primary focus was the planes, not the passengers because their long transcontinental flight plans meant they carried more fuel, allowing a bigger explosion on impact. Two planes were deliberately flown into

3872-736: The Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War . In the Xinhai Revolution, many Chinese revolutionaries became martyrs in battle. "Dare to Die" student corps were founded for student revolutionaries wanting to fight against Qing dynasty rule. Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing promoted the Dare to Die corps. Huang said, "We must die, so let us die bravely." Suicide squads were formed by Chinese students going into battle, knowing that they would be killed fighting against overwhelming odds. The 72 Martyrs of Huanghuagang died in

3960-642: The Malabar coast of southwestern India, and in Atjeh (Acheh) in Northern Sumatra as well. The first known suicide bomber was a Russian man named Ignaty Grinevitsky . The invention of dynamite in the 1860s presented revolutionary and terrorist groups in Europe with a weapon nearly 20 times more powerful than gunpowder. However, using dynamite required overcoming the technical challenges of detonating it at

4048-496: The PTTs have helped curb violence, increasing respect for Iraq's police force. These duties were later performed by United States Air Force Security Forces members. An International Police Liaison Officer (IPLO), an experienced US police officer, accompanied most of the transition teams to aid post-academy training of the IP. National Police Transition Teams (NPTT) are 11-man military transition teams embedded in Iraqi Police units at

4136-855: The Qing dynasty imperial system. Other Dare to Die student corps in the Xinhai revolution were led by students who later became major military leaders in Republic of China, like Chiang Kai-shek , and Huang Shaoxiong with the Muslim Bai Chongxi against Qing dynasty forces. "Dare to Die" troops were used by warlords. The Kuomintang used one to put down an insurrection in Canton. Many women joined them in addition to men to achieve martyrdom against China's opponents. They were known as 烈士 "Lit-she" (Martyrs) after accomplishing their mission. During

4224-718: The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City , destroying both 110-story skyscrapers within less than two hours. A third plane was flown into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia , causing severe damage to the west side of the building. These attacks resulted in the deaths of 221 people (including the 15 hijackers) on board the three planes as well as 2,731 more in and around

4312-782: The U.S. embassy in April 1983 and attack on United States Marine and French barracks in October 1983 brought suicide bombings international attention and began the modern suicide bombing era. Other parties to the civil war were quick to adopt the tactic, and by 1999 factions such as Hezbollah, the Amal Movement , the Ba'ath Party , and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party had carried out a total of roughly 50 suicide bombings. The Syrian Social Nationalist Party sent

4400-456: The Zêrevanî were also trained by Italian Army A Zêrevanî division led by Colonel Abu Rish was fighting against ISIS near Mosul during summer 2015; in 2016 the Zeravani, according to Colonel Abdularrahman Hassan, still occupied frontline positions around Mosul. Because Zêrevanî forces were low on equipment when they began training, the Peshmerga army donated some of their weapons to the Zêrevanî. The Kurdistan Regional Government set them up

4488-521: The ability to conceal weapons, make last-minute adjustments, and the lack of need for escape plans, rescue teams, efforts to conceal their identities or evade capture afterwards, and—in the case of suicide bombings—remote or delayed detonation. Although they accounted for only 4% of all terrorist attacks between 1981 and 2006, they resulted in 32% of terrorism-related deaths (14,599 deaths). 90% of these attacks occurred in Afghanistan , Iraq , Israel ,

SECTION 50

#1732791096082

4576-670: The attacks by the PLO against Israeli civilians, which culminated in an Israeli school bus hitting a mine in the Negev . This engagement marked the first known deployment of suicide bombers by Palestinian forces. On 27 December 2018, the Green Bay Press-Gazette interviewed veteran Mark Bentley, who had trained for the Special Atomic Demolition Munition program to manually place and detonate

4664-773: The battalion, brigade, division and corps levels. These teams are supplied by the US Army and the US Marine Corps. Like the PTTs, each team is assisted by an IPLO and one to six local interpreters. Members of the Iraqi Police use the Glock 19 and HS2000 handgun, and may carry a shotgun , Type 81 , or AK-47 rifle on patrol. Iraqi Federal Police have also been seen using the Croatian-made HS Produkt VHS -2 bullpup carbine during military operations against ISIS in northern Iraq. For marine operations,

4752-458: The battle. In the late 17th century, Qing official Yu Yonghe recorded that injured Dutch soldiers fighting against Koxinga 's forces for control of Taiwan in 1661 would use gunpowder to blow up both themselves and their opponents rather than be taken prisoner. However, Yu may have confused such suicidal tactics with the standard Dutch military practice of undermining and blowing up overrun positions, which almost cost Koxinga his life during

4840-1074: The body under clothing. In order to maximize the loss of life, the bombers seek out enclosed spaces, such as cafés or city buses crowded with people at rush hour . Less common are military targets (for example, soldiers waiting for transport at roadside). These bombings have tended to have more popular support than in other Muslim countries, and more music videos and announcements that promise eternal reward for suicide bombers can be found on Palestinian television (according to Palestinian Media Watch). Israeli sources observed that Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Fatah operate "Paradise Camps", training children as young as 11 to become suicide bombers. In 2004, due to increased effectiveness in Israel's security measures and stricter checkpoint protocols, terrorist organizations began employing women and children more frequently as operatives, assuming that they would raise fewer suspicions and undergo less rigorous inspections. The September 11, 2001 attacks , orchestrated by al-Qaeda, has been called "the worst attack on American soil since

4928-517: The context of terrorism, they are also commonly referred to as suicide terrorism . While generally not inherently regulated under international law , suicide attacks in their execution often violate international laws of war, such as prohibitions against perfidy and targeting civilians . Suicide attacks have occurred in various contexts, ranging from military campaigns—such as the Japanese kamikaze pilots during World War II (1944–1945)—to more contemporary Islamic terrorist campaigns—including

5016-508: The descriptor of "terrorist" or "terrorism" to the actions of a group is a tactic used by states to deny "legitimacy" and "rights to protest and rebel". The definition of "suicide" in this context is also a matter of debate. Suicide terrorism itself has been defined by Ami Pedahzur, a professor of government, as "violent actions perpetrated by people who are aware that the odds they will return alive are close to zero". Other sources exclude from their work " suicidal " or high risk attacks, such as

5104-401: The ideology of Islamist martyrdom played a predominant role in motivating the majority of bombers, as noted by anthropologist Scott Atran . The usage of the term "suicide attack" has a long history, but "suicide bombing" dates back to at least 1940 when a New York Times article mentioned the term in relation to German tactics. Less than two years later, the New York Times referred to

5192-449: The left arm with an embroidered Iraqi flag and "Iraqi Police" embossed in English and Arabic , black or light-blue trousers or blue combat trousers similar to those of the United States Navy . They wear a dark-blue baseball cap with "POLICE" in white letters or body armour and a PASGT helmet . Federal Police wear a black-and-blue camouflage uniform similar to the U.S. Army Combat Uniform Universal Camouflage Pattern, which includes

5280-447: The meantime, the Coalition Provisional Authority worked with the renewed Ministry of Interior in order to purge Baathist officials (7,000 police officers fired by Bernard Kerik only in Baghdad) and to establish a police forces in short terms. In the first four months, the first training course was launched and over 4,000 officers were trained. In 2003 recruitment, applicants were mostly former soldiers and police officers who served under

5368-422: The mid-1990s The attacks first appeared in Israel and the Palestinian Territories in 1989. In early 2000, one analyst ( Yoram Schweitzer ) saw a pause in bombing campaigns and argued that "most of the groups that were involved in suicide terrorism either stopped using it or eventually reduced it significantly." The number of attacks using suicide tactics grew from an average of fewer than five per year during

SECTION 60

#1732791096082

5456-479: The motivation to kill and be killed connects some suicide attackers more closely to "suicidal rampage" murderers than is commonly thought. Islamist supporters often call a suicide attack Istishhad (often translated as " martyrdom operation ") and the suicide attacker shahid (pl. shuhada , "witness" and usually translated as "martyr"), the idea being that the attacker died in order to testify his faith in God, such as while waging jihad bis saif ( jihad by

5544-431: The non-Muslim Chinese as the Chinese were not considered enemies of the Moro people. The Japanese responded to these suicide attacks by massacring all known family members and relatives of the attacker(s). According to historian Stephan Dale, the Moro were not the only Muslims who carried out suicide attacks "in their fight against Western hegemony and colonial rule". In the 18th century, suicide tactics were used on

5632-420: The police and Asaysh forces; according to Major General Aziz Waisi, the Zêrevanî's role over the years expanded to also protect electricity stations and water resources, as well as embassies, consulates, government offices and other sensitive targets. According to Stratfor, as of 2004 two Zêrevanî divisions (totaling 30,000 troops) were established in the Iraqi Federal Police . In 2011, the Zêrevanî strength

5720-413: The police are equipped with Safe Boat International 230 T-Top patrol boats. Zeravani The Zerevani ( Kurdish : زێرەڤانی, Zêrevanî , meaning "Guard" or "Guardian") (or Zeravani , sometimes Zeravani Army ) are the militarized force (described as a gendarmerie by some ) operated by Kurdistan Regional Government . The Zêrevanî are under the operational control of the Kurdish Ministry of

5808-419: The police forces. A number of recruits have been killed by suicide bombers and suicide car bombs whilst queueing at police stations. The IP has also been infiltrated by insurgents, who use access to privileged information, training and weapons for their own motives. Many police stations have been attacked, blown up, had weapons stolen from them and have been occupied by opponents of the Iraqi government; as

5896-451: The president of Sri Lanka, Ranasinghe Premadasa . Another non-religious group involved in suicide attacks was the Kurdistan Workers' Party which began their insurgency against the Turkish state in 1984. According to the Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism 's Suicide Attack Database , as of 2015, ten suicide attacks by the PKK from 1996 to 2012 killed 32 people and injured 116. Al-Qaeda carried out its first suicide attack in

5984-451: The primary purpose of such a bombing is to kill other people, "homicide" is a more apt adjective than "suicide". The only major media outlets to use it were Fox News Channel and the New York Post , both of which are owned by News Corporation and have since mostly abandoned the term. Robert Goldney, a professor emeritus at the University of Adelaide , has argued in favor of the term "homicide bomber", arguing that studies show that there

6072-408: The railway bridge at Küstrin was definitely destroyed. He comments that "thirty-five pilots and aircraft was a high price to pay for such a limited and temporary success". The missions were called off when the Soviet ground forces reached the vicinity of the squadron's airbase at Jüterbog . Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff intended to assassinate Adolf Hitler by suicide bomb in 1943, but

6160-641: The right time. One solution was to use a human trigger, which was the technique used to assassinate Tsar Alexander II of Russia in 1881. A would-be suicide-bomber killed Vyacheslav von Plehve , the Russian Minister of the Interior, in St Petersburg in 1904. During the Xinhai Revolution (the Revolution of 1911) and the Warlord Era of the Republic of China (1912–1949) , " Dare to Die Corps " ( traditional Chinese : 敢死隊 ; simplified Chinese : 敢死队 ; pinyin : gǎnsǐduì ; Wade–Giles : Kan-ssu-tui ) or "Suicide squads" were frequently used by Chinese armies. China deployed these suicide units against

6248-628: The same that of Iraqi army, from highest to lowest, with symbol on epaulette, as below: The Iraqi Police has faced a number of problems since it was reformed by the Coalition Provisional Authority after the fall of Baghdad . It became the target of fighters from inside and outside Iraq; thousands of officers have been killed by gunfire and bombings by Iraqi insurgents , foreign terrorists and, in some cases, friendly fire from Coalition troops. An estimated 4,250 Iraqi police officers were killed from January 2005 and 4 March 2006. Due to high unemployment in Iraq, many young Iraqi men have volunteered to join

6336-420: The schools, honor killings and religious committees to punish those deemed in violation of traditional mores (such as adultery, fornication, and homosexuality). The Iraqi constitution stipulates Islam as the official religion, enacted laws must conform to sharia and provisions for civil rights and liberties are in accordance with public mores. Many members of the Iraqi police and Interior Ministry have ties to

6424-487: The subject of an Amnesty International campaign after the alleged kidnap of a Kurdish journalist. According to Canadian website McLeans.ca , the Zêravanî are considered loyal to the ruling Kurdistan Democratic Party ; according to Major General Aziz Waisi, all political activities are forbidden within the Zêravanî, although party membership is allowed. In November 2009, the Zêrevanî began training conducted alongside

6512-494: The sword). The term "suicide" is never used because Islam has strong strictures against taking one's own life. The terms Istishhad / "martyrdom operation" have been embraced by the Palestinian Authority as well as by Hamas , Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades , Fatah and other Palestinian factions. Some efforts have been made to replace the term "suicide bombing" with "homicide bombing", on the grounds that, since

6600-577: The target either on the person or in a civilian vehicle and delivered by surprise". (Noah Feldman and many others exclude terror attacks such as the Lod Airport massacre where "the perpetrator's ensured death" was not "a precondition for the success of his mission". ) The intended targets are often civilian, not just military or political. The Islamic Dawa Party 's car bombing of the Iraqi embassy in Beirut in December 1981 and Hezbollah 's bombing of

6688-402: The targeted buildings. A fourth plane crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania , after a revolt by the plane's passengers, killing all 44 people (including the four hijackers) on board. In total, the attacks killed 2,996 people and injured more than 6,000 others . The U.S. stock market closed for four trading days after the attacks (the first time it had an unscheduled closing since

6776-411: The thought that it was anything other than a one-way mission. If you're Bruce Willis, you get away, but I ain't Bruce Willis." However, employment manuals for atomic demolition munitions specifically describe the firing party and their guard retreating from the emplacement site, at which point the device is protected through a combination of passive security measures including concealment, camouflage and

6864-594: The total Ministry of Interior payroll exceeds 150,000, many are off-duty at any given time. As of mid-2024, the National Police Forces employed about 10,000 officers. The number is somewhat misleading, because one-third to one-half of the NP are on leave at any given time. Iraqi Interior Minister Jawad al-Bulani announced that as of December 24, 2005, 12,000 police officers in Iraq died in the line of duty since

6952-442: The unmanned torpedoes of the time and are distinct from the torpedo-firing midget submarines used earlier in the war, which were designed to infiltrate shore defenses and return to a mother ship after firing their torpedoes. Although extremely hazardous, these midget submarine attacks were not technically suicide missions, as the earlier midget submarines had escape hatches. Kaitens, however, provided no means of escape. During

7040-608: The uprising that began the Wuchang Uprising , and were recognized as heroes and martyrs by the Kuomintang party and the Republic of China . The martyrs in the Dare to Die Corps who died in battle wrote letters to family members before heading off to certain death. The Huanghuakang was built as a monument to the 72 martyrs. The deaths of the revolutionaries helped the establishment of the Republic of China, overthrowing

7128-507: The use of decoys, as well as active security measures including booby-traps, obstacles such as concertina wire and landmines, and long ranged artillery fire. Further, the SADM included a Field Wire Remote Control System (FWRCS), a device that enabled the sending of safe/arm and firing signals to the weapon via a wire for safe remote detonation of the weapon. Modern suicide bombing has been defined as "involving explosives deliberately carried to

7216-503: Was a one-way mission, a suicide mission." "You set your timer, and it would click when it went off, or it went ding or I forget what, but you knew you were toast. Ding! Your toast is ready, and it's you." He also commented, "The Army is not going to set a bomb like that and run away and leave it, because they don't know if someone else would get ahold of it. They have to leave troops there to make sure it's not stolen or compromised, and that would just be collateral damage. You didn't go out with

7304-755: Was killed. The Moros performed juramentado suicide attacks against the Spanish in the Spanish–Moro conflict of the 16th to the 19th centuries, against the Americans in the Moro Rebellion (1899–1913), and against the Japanese in World War II . The Moro juramentados aimed their attacks specifically against their enemies, not against non-Muslims in general. They launched suicide attacks on the Japanese, Spanish, Americans and Filipinos, but did not attack

7392-707: Was led by the All-Aceh Religious Scholars' Association (PUSA). The Japanese suffered 18 dead in the uprising while they slaughtered up to 100 or over 120 Acehnese. The revolt happened in Bayu and was centred around Tjot Plieng village's religious school. During the revolt, the Japanese troops armed with mortars and machine guns were charged by sword wielding Acehnese under Teungku Abduldjalil (Tengku Abdul Djalil) in Buloh Gampong Teungah and Tjot Plieng on 10 and 13 November. In May 1945

7480-416: Was of 47,000, while as of 2017, Zêrevanî strength is of 51,000; among these, there are several Christians of Kurdistan Region . Zêrevanî accepts recruits aged between 18 and 27. They need to provide an Iraqi national ID and food coupons, to be literate, to have a clean record and a recommendation in terms of moral and loyalty issues; women are allowed to, and do, serve. In June 2008, the Zêravanî were

7568-497: Was unable to complete the attack. North Korean tanks were attacked by South Koreans with suicide tactics during the Korean War. American tanks at Seoul were attacked by North Korean suicide squads, who used satchel charges. North Korean soldier Li Su-Bok is considered a hero for destroying an American tank with a suicide bomb. According to Egyptian media, an Arab Christian military officer from Syria, Jules Jammal , sunk

7656-474: Was used during the Battle of Shanghai , to stop a Japanese tank column when an attacker exploded himself beneath the lead tank, and at the Battle of Taierzhuang where Chinese troops with dynamite and grenades strapped to themselves rushed Japanese tanks and blew themselves up, in one incident obliterating four Japanese tanks with grenade bundles. During the 1946–1950 Communist Revolution , coolies fighting

7744-534: Was ushered out of the building. Sewell detonated the charge when a police officer tried to arrest him on the street, blowing his body to pieces. No one other than Sewell was killed by the attack. In 1780, an Indian woman named Kuyili applied ghee and oil onto her body and set herself ablaze. She then jumped into an armoury of the East India Company , causing it to explode. This suicide attack helped to secure victory for her queen, Velu Nachiyar , in

#81918