Jambi is a province of Indonesia . It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and stretches to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also called Jambi . It is bordered by the provinces of Riau to the north, West Sumatra to the west, Bengkulu to the southwest, South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with the Riau Islands to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km, and a sea area of 3,274.95 km. Its area is comparable to the European country of Slovakia . It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census; the official estimate of population as of mid-2023 was 3,679,169 (comprising 1,872,177 males and 1,806,992 females).
59-560: Jambi was the site of the Melayu kingdom that engaged in trade throughout the Strait of Malacca and beyond. It was recorded as having sent a mission to China in 644 CE. It was annexed by Srivijaya by 685 CE, but tried to declare its independence in the 9th century. Jambi succeeded Palembang , its southern economic and military rival, as the major player in trade in the Malacca straits. After
118-422: A force from their capital Batavia . They met little resistance, and Sultan Taha fled upriver, to the inland regions of Jambi. The Dutch installed a puppet ruler, Nazarudin, in the lower region, which included the capital city. For the next forty years Taha maintained the upriver kingdom, and slowly reextended his influence over the lower regions through political agreements and marriage connections. In 1904, however,
177-806: A great power at the beginning of the thirteenth century" with 15 colonies: Pong-fong ( Pahang ), Tong-ya-nong ( Terengganu ), Ling-ya-si-kia ( Langkasuka ), Kilan-tan ( Kelantan ), Fo-lo-an ( Dungun , eastern part of Malay Peninsula, a town within state of Terengganu), Ji-lo-t'ing ( Cherating ), Ts'ien-mai (Semawe, Malay Peninsula), Pa-t'a ( Sungai Paka , located in Terengganu of Malay Peninsula), Tan-ma-ling ( Tambralinga , Ligor or Nakhon Si Thammarat , South Thailand ), Kia-lo-hi (Grahi, ( Krabi ) northern part of Malay Peninsula), Pa-lin-fong ( Palembang ), Sin-t'o ( Sunda ), Lan-wu-li ( Lamuri at Aceh ), Kien-pi ( Jambi ) and Si-lan ( Cambodia or Ceylon (?)). In 1275, Kertanegara , of
236-906: A mixture of copper , silver and tin . Zhu fan zhi also states that Java ( Kediri ) was ruled by a maharaja and included the following "dependencies": Pai-hua-yuan ( Pacitan ), Ma-tung (Mataram), Ta-pen (Tumapel, now Malang ), Hi-ning ( Dieng ), Jung-ya-lu (Hujung Galuh, now Surabaya ), Tung-ki (Jenggi, West Papua ), Ta-kang ( Sumba ), Huang-ma-chu ( Southwest Papua ), Ma-li ( Bali ), Kulun (Gurun, identified as Gorong or Sorong in West Papua or an island in Nusa Tenggara ), Tan-jung-wu-lo ( Tanjungpura in modern-day West Kalimantan , Borneo ), Ti-wu ( Timor ), Pingya-i ( Banggai in Sulawesi) and Wu-nu-ku ( Maluku ). Additionally, Zhao Rugua said that Sanfoqi "was still
295-472: Is 3000–4000 mm. The east is drier, with 2500–3000 mm of rainfall and the temperature ranging between 20°and 28 °C. GLNP is a part of the 18 Indonesian regions classified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) among the 200 global ecoregions of importance for preservation of the world's biodiversity. 174 mammals , 3 being endemic and 21 listed as threatened in 2000. Little is known about
354-633: Is associated with the Dharmasraya kingdom. On the Amoghapasa inscription , dated 1347, the word Malayapura (literally "city of Malaya" or "kingdom of Malaya") was proclaimed by Adityawarman , again referring to Dharmasraya . The word "Melayu" is also mentioned in the Malay annals referring to a river in Sumatra : "...Here now is the story of a city called Palembang in the land of Andelas . It
413-662: Is known to be rich with gold mineralization, which befits the description of Malayadvipa. Then, the term "Maleu-Kolon" was used in Ptolemy 's Geographia which is believed to have originated from the Tamil term malayakolam or malaikurram , referring to a geographical part of peninsula. In 7th century, the first use of the term for a nation or a kingdom was recorded by Yijing . The East Javanese Anjukladang inscription , dated from 937 CE in Mataram Kingdom , stated that
472-635: Is one of the Sumatran Tiger 's last strongholds on the island, and within its borders sits the highest active volcano in Southeast Asia - Mount Kerinci . May 2011: The Jambi provincial administration is striving to have the ancient Muaro Jambi temple site at Muaro Jambi village in Maro Sebo District, Muaro Jambi Regency , recognized as a World Heritage Site . The site was a Buddhist education centre that flourished during
531-558: Is the largest religion in Jambi, being practised by 96.09% of the population. Minority religions are Christianity with 3,9%, Buddhism 0.92%, Confucianism 0.02% and Hinduism 0.01% of the population. Melayu Kingdom The Melayu Kingdom (also known as Malayu , Dharmasraya Kingdom or the Jambi Kingdom ; Chinese : 末羅瑜國 ; pinyin : Mòluóyú Guó , reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation mat-la-yu kwok )
590-572: The mandala of Srivijaya had faded. It is very possible that Srivijaya had collapsed by 1025. In the following centuries, Chinese chronicles still refer to Sanfoqi , but this term probably refers to the Malayu-Jambi kingdom. The last epigraphic evidence that mentions the word Srivijaya comes from the Tanjore inscription of the Chola kingdom in 1030 or 1031. The primary sources for much of
649-668: The Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park . The site is listed under Criteria vii - outstanding scenic beauty; ix- an outstanding example representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes; and x- contains the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation . The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra has been placed on the Danger List since 2011 to help overcome threats posed by poaching, illegal logging , agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through
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#1732772219768708-653: The Chinese record may also be the nation that was mentioned by the Venetian traveller Marco Polo (1254–1324) who lived during the same period. In The Travels of Marco Polo , he made a reference to a kingdom named "Malauir" in the Malay peninsula. The word bhūmi Mālayu (literally "Land of Malayu") is inscribed on the Padang Roco Inscription , dated 1286, according to the inscription, bhūmi Mālayu
767-531: The Chola invasion of Srivijaya period. This referred to Chola invaders during Rajendra Chola I 's campaign. In the later Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) and Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the word Ma-La-Yu was mentioned often in Chinese historical texts — with changes in spelling due to the time span between the dynasties — to refer to a nation near the southern sea. Among the terms used was "Bok-la-yu", "Mok-la-yu" (木剌由), Ma-li-yu-er (麻里予兒), Oo-lai-yu (巫来由 — traced from
826-590: The Dutch East Indies who were well established in Palembang, meant the Dutch increasingly felt the need to control the actions of Jambi. They coerced Sultan Facharudin to agree to greater Dutch presence in the region and control over trade, although the sultanate remained nominally independent. In 1858 the Dutch, concerned over the risk of competition for control from other foreign powers, invaded Jambi with
885-674: The People's Representative Council . The Jambi Electoral District consists of all of the 9 regencies in the province, together with the cities of Jambi and Sungai Penuh, and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. The largest of the three national parks comprising the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra , Kerinci Seblat has the distinction of being the second-largest national park in all of Southeast Asia , only after Lorentz National Park on Papua. It
944-711: The Sima status was awarded to the Anjukladang village and a jayastambha (victory monument) was later upgraded to a temple, the monument was erected in recognition of their service on repelling the invading forces from Malayu . The temple mentioned here is probably the Candi Lor (made of bricks and now in ruins) located in Candirejo village in Nganjuk Regency . The mentioning of invading Malayu forces refers to
1003-601: The Singhasari Kingdom , took advantage of Melayu's decline and sent a military expedition to establish Javanese control over Melayu's realm in Sumatra. Mahesa Anabrang (or Kebo/Lembu Anabrang) was a general of Singhasari , who conquered Palembang and Jambi (Malayu) in 1288. Embassies were sent to China in 1299 and 1301. This event was likely recorded in a semi-legendary account of the Minangkabau legend . It
1062-773: The Southeast Asian archipelago were Sanfoqi and Java ( Kediri ), with the western part (Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and western Java/ Sunda ) under Sanfoqi's rule and the eastern part was under Kediri's domination. It says that the people in Java followed two religions, Buddhism and the religion of Brahmins ( Hinduism ), while the people of Sanfoqi followed Buddhism. The book describes the people of Java as being brave, short-tempered and willing to fight. It also notes that their favourite pastimes were cockfighting and pig fighting. The coins used as currency were made from
1121-634: The equatorial line at about the centre of the kingdom. According to Yijing, Hinayana Buddhism was predominantly adopted in Srivijaya, represented for the most part by the Mulasarvastivada school, however there were few Mahayanists in Malayu. Gold seems to have been abundant in the kingdom, where people used to offer the Buddha a lotus flower of gold and used golden jars. Moreover, people of
1180-576: The 1025 Chola raids in Southeast Asia , Jambi still sent missions to China. In the early decades of the Dutch presence in the region, when the Dutch were one of several traders competing with the British, Chinese, Arabs, and Malays, the Jambi Sultanate profited from trade in pepper with the Dutch. This relationship declined by about 1770, and the sultanate had little contact with the Dutch for about sixty years. In 1833, minor conflicts with
1239-620: The 7th and 8th centuries and is made from bricks similar to those used in Buddhist temples in India . Due to transmigration policy, many ethnic groups from various parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and other parts of Sumatra brought their native languages as well. The non-Pribumi people such as the Chinese Indonesians speak several varieties of Chinese . Ethnically, the population comprises: As of 2022, Islam
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#17327722197681298-667: The Dharma in the Western Regions (大唐西域求法高僧傳), further describes a route via Bogha and Malayu, which a monk named Wuxing(無行) have taken to Srivijaya: (Wuxing) came to Bogha after a month's sail. The king received him very favourably. ... And the king respected him as a guest from the land of the son of heaven of the Great Tang. He went on board the king's ship to the country of Malayu and arrived there after fifteen days sail. Thence he went to Ka Cha, again after fifteen days. At
1357-472: The Dutch were stronger and, as a part of a larger campaign to consolidate control over the entire archipelago, managed to capture and kill Taha, and in 1906, the entire area was brought under direct colonial control. Following the death of Jambi Sultan, Taha Saifuddin, on 27 April 1904 and the success of the Dutch controlled areas of the Sultanate of Jambi, Jambi then was set up as a Residency and entry into
1416-582: The Kerinci Seblat National Park is the highest recorded, making it one of the 12 Globally Important Tiger Conservation Landscapes. Several important bird species: white-winged wood duck and Sumatran ground-cuckoo . A few of important plant species: Hopea beccariana and Shorea ovalis ssp. seicea . BBSNP, has 98 mammals are recorded, with 1 endemic and 25 threatened 379 species of birds are listed, 7 being endemic and 58. 59 reptile and amphibian species are recorded. BBSNP has
1475-493: The Melayu Kingdom, as it is common for people in the region to be known by the name of the river on which they settled. Another theory holds that it originated from the Tamil words Malay and ur meaning "mountain or cave" and "city, land", respectively. It could possibly referred to Barisan Mountains , the mountain range in Sumatra. An early literary appearance can be found in chapter 48, Vayu Purana , where
1534-547: The World Heritage List of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) because of their rich and different biodiversity. Gunung Leuser National Park in the north of the island is 150 km long, over 100 km wide and is mostly mountainous. 40% of the park is steep, and over 1,500 m. 12% of the park only, in the lower southern half, is below 600 meters but for 25 km runs down
1593-619: The centre of Sanfoqi frequently shifted between the two major cities during that period. The Chola expeditions as well as the changing trade routes weakened Palembang, allowing Jambi to take the leadership of Sanfoqi from the 11th century onwards. By the 12th century, a new dynasty called Mauli rose as the paramount of Sanfoqi. The earliest reference to the new dynasty was found in the Grahi inscription from 1183 discovered in Chaiya ( Grahi ), Southern Thailand Malay Peninsula. The inscription bears
1652-526: The centre of Srivijaya frequently shifted between the two major cities during that period. The Chola invasion of Srivijaya as well as changing trade routes weakened Palembang, allowing Jambi to take the leadership of Srivijaya from the 11th century on. Between 1079 and 1088, Chinese records show that Sanfoqi sent ambassadors from Jambi and Palembang. In 1079 in particular, an ambassador from Jambi and Palembang each visited China. Jambi sent two more ambassadors to China in 1082 and 1088. That would suggest that
1711-505: The changing scenario. Instead of Jambi controlling the trade through a tributary system, traders were allowed to trade directly. According to George Coedes , by the beginning of the fourteenth century, Melayu "remained the only Sumatran state of some political importance and it had become the refuge of the Buddhist Dharmic Indian culture in opposition to the sultanates of the north that were already Islamised or in
1770-556: The coast. Eleven peaks are over 2,700 m and the highest point is Gunung Leuser reaching 3,466 metres. The area surrounding Gunung Leuser is known as the Leuser Ecosystem . Kerinci Seblat National Park in the centre extends 350 km down the back of the Bukit Barisan, averaging 45 km width and 2000 m above sea level. The northern half has a lower eastern mountain range, between 800 and 1500 m. Three quarters of
1829-441: The eighth month ( Autumnal equinox ), and at midday no shadow falls from a man who is standing on that day, so it is in the middle of spring ( Vernal equinox ). Thus it can be inferred that the country of Sribogha covered the place lying on the equator, and the whole county therefore must have covered the north east side of Sumatra, from the southern shore of Malacca , to the city of Palembang, extending at least five degrees, having
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1888-460: The end of winter he changed ship and sailed to the west. Further, for the determination of the location of Sribogha-Malayu, Yijing furnishes the following in his work A Record of Buddhist Practices Sent Home from the Southern Sea (南海寄歸內法傳): In the country of Sribogha, we see the shadow of the gnomon(圭) become neither long nor short (i.e "remain unchanged" or "no shadow") in the middle of
1947-601: The established and developed lowlands of Sumatra. The mixture of the stunning Lake Gunung Tujuh (the highest lake in Southeast Asia ), the splendour of the giant Mount Kerinci volcano , many small volcanic, coastal and glacial lakes in natural forested settings. This shows the beauty of the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Bukit Sumatra. Lastly, all three national parks have a very varied habitat and have outstanding biodiversity . Altogether
2006-711: The information on the kingdom are the New History of the Tang , and the memoirs of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yijing who visited in 671. On his route via Maritime Southeast Asia, Yijing visited Srivijaya twice where he stayed from 688 to 695, studying and translating the original texts in Sanskrit. Srivijaya appears to have been flourishing around the time of Yijing's visit, which he initially called "Bogha (室利佛逝)" during his first visit. At its greatest extent,
2065-560: The island of Sumatra, because of the biodiversity, of lowland and mountain forest. This once vast island of tropical rainforest has been condensed to secluded areas, in the space of 50 years. Second, the national parks that make up the heritage are all located on the well-known key spine of the Bukit Barisan Mountains, known as the ‘ Andes of Sumatra’, and that all around it there are magnificent views. The mountains of each site represent important mountainous backdrops to
2124-518: The kingdom extended to Malayu, which seems to have been annexed or to have come spontaneously under the realm of Bogha prince. The whole country as well as the capital received the name "Sribogha" or Srivijaya. The change of the name Malayu to Sribogha is likely to have occurred before Yijing's time or during his stay there, for whenever he mentions Malayu by name, he added that "it is now changed to Sribogha". The following extract from Yijing's work, The Great Tang Biographies of Eminent Monks who Sought
2183-468: The kingdom is the subject of study among historians. One theory is that the kingdom was established around present-day Jambi on Sumatra , Indonesia , approximately 300 km north of Palembang . According to this theory, it was founded by ethnic groups in the Batanghari river area and gold traders from the Minangkabau hinterland of Pagarruyung . There are different theories for the origin of
2242-578: The kingdom wore a type of long cloth and used fragrant oil. Further, Melayu had accessed to gold producing areas in the hinterland of Sumatra . This slowly increased the prestige of Melayu which traded various local goods, including gold, with foreigners. The state was "absorbed" by Srivijaya by 692. Between 1079 and 1088, Chinese records show that Srivijaya sent ambassadors from Jambi and Palembang. In 1079 in particular, an ambassador from Jambi and Palembang each visited China. Jambi sent two more ambassadors to China in 1082 and 1088. This suggests that
2301-461: The north, and collects 4657 mm in the lowland south. Temperatures average between 21 °C to 28 °C and the humidity is always above 60%, especially when over 1700 m. In Kerinci Seblat, the rainfall averages 2990 mm, temperatures range from 16° to 28 °C and humidity is always high (77-90%). In Bukit Barisan Selatan, the rocky west is wet especially during the November to May monsoon : rainfall
2360-459: The old term "Sumatran Malayu Kingdom", which probably refers to Srivijaya . This means that by the 10th century, the Javanese identified their Sumatra-based enemy as "Malayu" or at least the "Malay soldiers of Srivijaya". An inscription on the south wall of the 11th century Brihadeeswarar Temple also made a reference to Malaiyur , a kingdom that had "a strong mountain for its rampart" during
2419-499: The order of Maharaja Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusana Warmadewa to the bhupati (regent) of Grahi named Mahasenapati Galanai to make a statue of Buddha weighing 1 bhara 2 tula with a value of 10 gold tamlin . The artist responsible for the creation of the statue is Mraten Sri Nano. According to the Chinese Song dynasty book Zhu Fan Zhi , written around 1225 by Zhao Rugua , the two most powerful and richest kingdoms in
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2478-527: The park is steep. The highest point, and highest volcano in Indonesia, is the Mount Kerinci, standing at 3,805 m. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is also 350 km long but only 45 km wide on average. The northern two-thirds are rocky, averaging 1,500 m with the highest point, Mount Pulung standing at 1,964 m. The southern half is lower; 90 km of it is a cape and the park borders
2537-630: The process of becoming so". In the year 1347, Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi , the Queen of Majapahit, delegated Adityawarman as the ruler of Melayu to prevent the revival of Srivijaya. Adityawarman later conquered Tanah Datar to take control of the gold trade and founded a kingdom in Pagaruyung . In the year 1377, the Majapahit defeated Palembang and ended efforts to revive Srivijaya. The last prince of Srivijayan origin, Parameswara (thought to be
2596-611: The same person as Iskandar Shah in the Malay Annals ), fled to Temasik to seek refuge before moving farther north, where he founded what would become the Malacca Sultanate . Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004. It comprises three Indonesian national parks on the island of Sumatra : Gunung Leuser National Park , Kerinci Seblat National Park and
2655-418: The sea for half its length. Many of rivers derive in the parks and there are several lakes and hot springs. The mountains have year-round little changing high temperatures, high humidity and high rainfall for 9 months in wetter areas, 7 months in drier areas. This climate has encouraged the high speciation (formation of new species) and variety of species. Gunung Leuser, receives 3000 mm of rainfall , in
2714-443: The site. The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra consists of three national parks: Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) (8629.75 km ), Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) (13,753.5 km ) and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) (3568 km ). The total area of the rainforest is 25,000 km . The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra was chosen because, first, it represents significant area of forests on
2773-633: The smaller mammals. 380 species of birds are listed, 13 being endemic and 52 threatened. Some of the important species: the orangutan , Sumatran rhinoceros , and the pigtailed monkey. Important plants are: Rafflesia arnoldi , and Amorphophallus titanum . Several important bird species: Rueck's blue-flycatcher , and white-winged wood duck . In KSNP, 85 mammal species are recorded, 5 endemic and 23 listed threatened 370 species of birds are listed, 13 being endemic and 58 threatened. Some important mammal species: Bornean clouded leopard , Asian tapir , and Sumatran rhino . The population of Sumatran tigers in
2832-416: The territory Netherlands Indies. Jambi's first Resident OL Helfrich was appointed by the governor general under Dutch Decree No. 20, dated 4 May 1906, with his inauguration held on 2 July 1906. In 1945, Sumatra comprised a single province, but in 1948 this was divided into three provinces, including the province of Central Sumatra (which included present-day Jambi Province). In 1957 this short-lived province
2891-492: The three sites make up 50% of the total plant variety, in Sumatra. At least 92 local common species have been recognized in GLNP. The nomination contains populations of both the world's largest flower ( Rafflesia arnoldi ) and the tallest flower ( Amorphophallus titanum ). The Tropical Rainforest of Sumatra has just recently become a part of the World Heritage List, in 2004. 2.5 million hectares of Sumatra's rainforests were included on
2950-399: The word Melayu ('Malay'). One theory suggests that it is derived from the Javanese terms melayu or mlayu (to steadily accelerate or to run), to describe the strong current of a river in Sumatra that today bears the name Sungai Melayu ('Melayu river') which is the right branch going upriver of Batang Hari whose watershed reaches Pagarruyung . The name was later possibly adopted by
3009-488: The word "Malayadvipa", which means "mountainous island", is described as one of the provinces in the eastern sea that was full of gold and silver. Some scholars equate the term with Sumatra, but several Indian scholars believe the term may refer to the Malay Peninsula , which is evidence in the formation of Titiwangsa range that runs down the length of Peninsular Malaysia. The area around this mountainous range
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#17327722197683068-693: The written source of monk Xuanzang ), and Wu-lai-yu (無来由). In the chronicle of Yuan dynasty, the word "Ma-li-yu-er" was mentioned in describing the Sukhothai 's southward expansion against Malayu: "..Animosity occurred between Siam and Ma-li-yu-er with both killing each other..." In response to the Sukhothai's move, a Chinese envoy arrived at the Ram Khamhaeng 's court in 1295 bearing an imperial order: "Keep your promise and do no evil to Ma-li-yu-er". This nation of "Ma-li-yu-er" that appeared in
3127-645: Was Muartatang, into which falls another river named Sungey Malayu, near the source of which is a mountain named the mountain Sagantang Maha Miru ..." J Leyden For some time, the Melayu kingdom was identified by the Chinese as the successor to Srivijaya. As indicated when Sanfoqi sent a mission to China in 1028, but this would actually refer to Malayu-Jambi, not Srivijaya-Palembang. No Sanfoqi mission came to China between 1028–1077. This indicates that
3186-505: Was a classical Buddhist kingdom located in what is now the Indonesian province of West Sumatra and Jambi . The primary sources for much of the information on the kingdom are the New History of the Tang , and the memoirs of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yijing who visited in 671. The state was "absorbed" by Srivijaya by 692, but had "broken away" by the end of the 12th century according to Zhao Rukuo . The exact location of
3245-496: Was formed from part of Batanghari Regency, while Sarolangun Bangko Regency was split into separate Sarolangun and Merangin Regencies, Tanjung Jabung Regency was split into separate Tanjung Jabung Barat ( West Tanjung Jabung ) and Tanjung Jabung Timur ( East Tanjung Jabung ) Regencies, and Bungo Tebo Regency was split into separate Bungo and Tebo Regencies. Finally, a second independent city of Sungai Penuh ( Penuh River )
3304-578: Was itself divided, and Jambi was created as an independent Province. When Jambi Province was created in 1957, it comprised three regencies - Kerinci (renamed from South Pesisir Regency on 19 March 1956), Batanghari and Bungo Tebo - as well as the independent city of Jambi City . On 14 June 1965 two new regencies were formed - Sarolangun Bangko from part of Bungo Tebo Regency, and Tanjung Jabung from part of Batanghari Regency. On 4 October 1999 four additional regencies were created by splitting each of four existing regencies in two - Muara Jambi
3363-559: Was mentioned that the Javanese force was defeated in a buffalo fight. It was approximately at this point that the natives call themselves Minang Kabau (victorious buffalo). Almost a century after taking over the role of Palembang as the centre of an empire, Jambi experienced a decline in influence. This was caused by a change of policy by the Song dynasty to no longer accept ambassadors from Sanfotsi , and Jambi's inability to cope with
3422-535: Was ruled by Dĕmang Lebar Daun, a descendant of Raja Shulan, and its river was the Muara Tatang. In the upper reaches of the Muara Tatang was a river called Mĕlayu, and on that river was a hill called Si-Guntang Mahameru ..." CC Brown "...There is a country in the land of Andalás named Paralembang, which is at present denominated Palembang , the raja of which was denominated Damang Lebar Dawn, (Chieftain Broad-leaf,) who derived his origin from Raja Sulan, (Chillan ?) whose great-grandson he was. The name of its river
3481-523: Was split off from Kerinci Regency on 1 July 2008. Thus Jambi province is now divided into nine regencies ( kabupaten ) and two cities ( kota ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. These are divided into 141 districts ( kecamatan ), in turn sub-divided into 153 urban villages ( kelurahan ) and 1,399 rural villages ( desa ). The province forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to
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