The Later Liang ( simplified Chinese : 后凉 ; traditional Chinese : 後凉 ; pinyin : Hòu Liáng ; 386–403) was a dynastic state of China and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese history. It was founded by the Lü family of the Di ethnicity and given the prefix of "Later" in historiography to distinguish it with the Former Liang dynasty before them and the three Liang states ( Southern , Northern and Western ) that emerged during their collapse.
28-1000: Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County is an autonomous county of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture , in Gansu province, China. It is located in the mostly mountainous area to the south of the Yellow River , near Gansu's border with Qinghai province. The total population was 239,390 in 2020; 64.9% were of an ethnic minority. The county's titular ethnic groups are the Bonan , Dongxiang , and Salar peoples. There are 21,400 Bonan people living in Jishishan, which accounts for 95% of all Bonan in China. The Bonan are known for their cultivation of Sichuan peppers and walnuts. Jishishan's local cuisine includes Bonan-style maisui baozi and lamb meat. The area of present-day Jishishan County
56-634: The Eastern Jin at the Battle of Fei River in 383. In 386, after hearing of Fu Jian's death the prior year, Lü Guang posthumously honoured him as Emperor Wenzhao before introducing a new reign era at his capital, Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu ). Historians consider this the beginning of the Later Liang dynasty, named so to distinguish it with the Former Liang and other Liang states from
84-618: The Han dynasty during the Liang Province rebellion . Song Jian ruled over the area for the subsequent 30 years. Song Jian's reign ended in 214 CE, when Cao Cao successfully sent general Xiahou Yuan to re-establish Han dynasty control over the area. Following the fall of the Han dynasty, the area of present-day Jishishan fell under the jurisdiction of Cao Wei . After the Cao Wei, the area
112-584: The Northern Zhou , the area was split between Fenglin County and Fuhan County. In the early parts of the subsequent Sui dynasty , the area belonged to the Fuhan Commandery [ zh ] . The Fuhan Commandery was transferred to the jurisdiction of He Province in 583 CE, and then abolished altogether in 607 CE, and replaced by Linjing County. The Tang dynasty established control over
140-459: The Later Qin in the east, who then laid siege onto Guzang and forced Lü Long to submit as a vassal. Later Qin bestowed Lü Long the title of Duke of Jiankang and allowed him to remain at Guzang, although they also brought back with them Kumārajīva, who had been living as a captive under Later Liang. Lü Long continued to face attacks from Southern Liang and Northern Liang. No longer able to withstand
168-828: The Tufa-Xianbei tribe rebelled at Lianchuan (廉川堡, in modern Haidong Prefecture , Qinghai ) and founded the Southern Liang , while at Jiankang (建康, in modern Zhangye , Gansu ), the Han Chinese administrator, Duan Ye , with the help of the Lushuihu Juqu tribe, established the Northern Liang . From here on, the Later Liang started to decline. In 400, Lü Guang declared himself retired emperor while his eldest son to his wife, Lü Shao succeeded him as Heavenly King. However, shortly after Lü Guang died,
196-497: The advice of Kumārajīva, decided to return to Former Qin with his plunders. The Inspector of Liang province, Liang Xi was suspicious of Lü Guang and attempted to prevent him from returning. However, Lü Guang defeated and executed Liang Xi, thus taking control of the province and appointing himself as the new Inspector. It was around this time when he was made aware that the Former Qin was disintegrating following their defeat to
224-510: The area in 619 CE, and placed it under the jurisdiction of He Province. In 631 CE, the area was included in the newly established Mi Province [ zh ] , which was abolished in 636 CE, and replaced with Michuan County ( Chinese : 米川县 ; pinyin : Mǐchuān Xiàn ), which fell under the jurisdiction of He Province. The following year, part of the area was included in the newly established Anxiang County ( Chinese : 安乡县 ; pinyin : Ānxiāng Xiàn ). In 655 CE, Michuan County
252-467: The area of present-day Jishishan County was split between Linxia County and nearby Xunhua County . In August 1949, the area was captured by the People's Liberation Army , and became part of the People's Republic of China . At the end of 1958, Linxia County was merged into the city of Linxia, although this would be reverted in 1961. On 14 June 1980, Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County
280-588: The area was conquered by the Tibetan Empire . In 848 CE, Tang dynasty general Zhang Yichao led a rebellion against the Tibetan Empire, and briefly conquered the area of He Province. The Tibetan Empire regained control of it shortly thereafter. The area belonged to the Tibetan Empire until the late 11th century , when general Wang Shao [ zh ] conquered the area for the Song dynasty . It
308-651: The collapse of the Western Qin in 431 CE, the area was conquered by the Tuyuhun . In 445 CE, it was reconquered by the Northern Wei. Following the collapse of the Northern Wei, the area was a part of the short-lived Western Wei . In 546 CE, under the Western Wei, He Province [ zh ] governor Yang Kuan [ zh ] reorganized the area as Fenglin County [ zh ] . During
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#1732782843172336-441: The details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 228473190 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:34:03 GMT Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) All rulers of the Later Liang proclaimed themselves "Heavenly King" ( Tian Wang ). The state's founder, Lü Guang initially took on lesser titles before declaring himself Heavenly King of Liang in 396, and so
364-417: The eldest among all of Lü Guang's son, Lü Zuan , launched a coup and forced Lü Shao to commit suicide. During his reign, Lü Zuan attacked Southern Liang and Northern Liang but to no avail. In 401, his cousin, Lü Chao had him assassinated and passed the throne to his own brother, Lü Long . Soon after taking power, Lü Long had many of the local leaders killed. The situation in Later Liang soon became known to
392-434: The period. However, Lü Guang would only claim an imperial title in 387, and even then, it was merely the lowly title of Duke of Jiuquan. While a brilliant commander, Lü Guang was an unpopular ruler, as he was prone to killing his subjects and heavily relied on military might to consolidate his rule. In 386, he had several famous local literati executed, leading to a wave of rebellions breaking out in his territory, one of which
420-426: The pressure, he surrendered his entire territory to Later Qin and moved to their capital of Chang'an in 403, thus ending the Later Liang. Lü Long served as an official under Later Qin and kept his title of Duke of Jiankang. He became a confidant to the prince, Yao Bi , who plotted to usurp the role of Crown Prince from his brother, Yao Hong . However, in 416, after a failed coup, Yao Bi committed suicide and Lü Long
448-596: The state was only known as "Liang" (涼) from 396 to 403. The Later Liang at its peak controlled the Hexi Corridor in Gansu with Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu ) as their capital. After the Southern Liang and Northern Liang broke away in 397, their territory was gradually reduced to their capital region in central Gansu. Lü Guang was a Di military general under the Former Qin dynasty . His family
476-871: The subsequent Sixteen Kingdoms period, the area of present-day Jishishan County changed hands frequently. It was first conquered by the Former Liang , then by the Han-Zhao , then by the Later Zhao , then the Former Qin , then the Later Qin , then the Western Qin , and finally the Later Liang . In 412 CE, it was brought into the folds of the Northern Wei , which organized it as part of the Jianchang Commandery [ zh ] . Upon
504-521: Was established. Jishishan County was the site of the epicenter of an earthquake which killed 146 people on 18 December 2023. Jishishan County administers 7 towns and 10 townships . Jishishan County administers the following 7 towns: Jishishan County administers the following 10 townships: Autonomous county Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include
532-813: Was formerly inhabited by the Qiang and the Xirong peoples. During the Warring States period , the Qin annexed the territory of present-day Jishishan County. In 278 BCE, it was incorporated into the Longxi Commandery as Fuhan County ( Chinese : 枹罕县 ; pinyin : Fúhǎn Xiàn ). This organizational structure continued into the Western Han . In 81 BCE, Longxi Commandery was reorganized as Jincheng Commandery [ zh ] , and Fuhan County
560-604: Was from Lüeyang Commandery , and his father, Lü Polou was a key figure in supporting Fu Jian to the throne. Lü Guang participated in various military campaigns under Fu Jian, and in 383, he was sent to command an expedition to the Western Regions . In 384, Lü Guang conquered Kucha , where he captured and met the Buddhist monk, Kumārajīva . He initially intended to settle down in the Western Regions, but at
588-614: Was incorporated into the Western Jin under the Qín Prefecture . Around 301–302 CE, Liang Province governor Zhang Gui carved out a portion of Xiping Commandery [ zh ] to establish Jinxing Commandery [ zh ] , which governed the area. Within Jinxing Commandery, present-day Jishishan County was organized as Linjin County ( Chinese : 临津县 ; pinyin : Línjīn Xiàn ). During
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#1732782843172616-716: Was led by a member of the Former Liang ruling family, Zhang Dayu . Lü Guang managed to quell the revolts, and in 389, he elevated himself to King of Sanhe. He then began a continuous war with the Western Qin in Longxi in 391, eventually managing to briefly force them into submission in 395. In 396, he finally claimed the title of Heavenly King of Great Liang. In 397, intending to punish Western Qin for rebelling, Lü Guang began another campaign against them, but this time, his forces were badly routed. After this defeat, another wave of rebellions broke out in Later Liang. Most notably,
644-592: Was moved north, and in 676 CE, Anxiang County was moved west. Following these changes, the area of present-day Jishishan County was divided between Anxiang County and Fuhan County. Later, the area was assigned to the Longyou Jiedushi [ zh ] , a form of military government . In 742 CE, Anxiang County was replaced by Fenglin County, which was placed under the jurisdiction of Anxiang Commandery [ zh ] , in He Province. In 762 CE,
672-615: Was placed under its jurisdiction. In 60 BCE, the county was reorganized as Heguan County ( Chinese : 河关县 ; pinyin : Héguān Xiàn ). During the Eastern Han , under the Liang Province Governor's Department [ zh ] , the area was reorganized under the jurisdiction of Fuhan County and Heguan County. In 36 CE, Jincheng Commandery was merged into Longxi Commandery. In 184 CE, Song Jian [ zh ] led local Qiang forces to rebel against
700-715: Was reincorporated as part of He Province. The area was then conquered by the Jin dynasty in 1131. Under the Jin dynasty, the area became part of the newly formed Jishi Prefecture [ zh ] . In 1226, the Mongol Empire conquered the Western Xia , and conquered He Province and Jishi Prefecture. In the subsequent Mongol -led Yuan dynasty , the area was incorporated as part of Gongchang Circuit ( Chinese : 巩昌路 ; pinyin : Gǒngchāng Lù ). In 1269, He Province
728-412: Was replaced by Hezhou Circuit ( Chinese : 河州路 ; pinyin : Hézhōu Lù ). The area was conquered by Ming dynasty general Deng Yu [ zh ] in 1370. It was placed under military governance the following year. The area's government organized it using the lijia system [ zh ] . Civil governance was installed in 1373, and the area was organized as Anxiang County, which
756-496: Was revoked, and replaced with Xunhua Subprefecture [ zh ] . Upon the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912, the area was reorganized as Lanshan Circuit [ zh ] , in Gansu province. In 1913, Lintao Fu was abolished, and the area was reorganized as Daohe County ( Chinese : 导河县 ; pinyin : Dǎohé Xiàn ). In 1929, Daohe County was reorganized as Linxia County . Following this change,
784-418: Was under the jurisdiction of Hezhou Fu ( Chinese : 河州府 ; pinyin : Hézhōu Fǔ ). In 1473, He Province was re-established. In the early Qing dynasty, He Province was put under the jurisdiction of Lintao Fu [ zh ] . The local government stopped using the lijia system in 1705, and replaced it with the huishe system ( Chinese : 会社制 ; pinyin : huìshè zhì ). In 1762, He Province
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