A privy chamber was the private apartment of a royal residence in England .
116-722: Fort Saskatchewan is a city along the North Saskatchewan River in Alberta , Canada. It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Edmonton , the provincial capital. It is part of the Edmonton census metropolitan area and one of 24 municipalities that constitute the Edmonton Metropolitan Region Board . Its population in the 2021 federal census was 27,464. The city was founded as a North-West Mounted Police fort and later home to
232-462: A FIFA -certified artificial turf field for soccer and football matches. It features seating for more than 1000 people, a press box, four large dressing rooms, and lights surrounding the field. There is one nine-hole golf course located within the city's boundaries, and a six-sheet curling club; they are both operated by the Fort Golf and Curling Club. The city's west end features a boat launch into
348-477: A "desire to have friends around him"; friends who also enjoyed sports and jousting as Henry did. The Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber usually became very distinguished individuals, sometimes having more influence over the king even than his wife. As Henry's rule progressed, the number of office-holders in the privy chamber increased, partly to accommodate outsiders who had recognised the advantages of holding
464-438: A bid to annex 784 hectares (1,940 acres) of industrial land to its east from Strathcona County in 1988. Dow Chemical was constructing a plant on some of this land, and the refinery was expected to generate $ 4 million in tax revenues once it was complete. After Fort Saskatchewan declined to split Dow's taxes between the two municipalities, and in protest over being "chiseled away" by its urban neighbours, Strathcona County submitted
580-424: A catchment area of approximately 75,000 people, both locally and from communities to its north and east, including Lamont , Bruderheim , and Redwater . The original Fort Mall was located on a 49,000-square-metre (12-acre) parcel on the east side of downtown, and contained 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft) of retail space. On September 15, 2015, Haro Developments opened phase one of its redevelopment of
696-399: A cell block believed to contain rioters shouted phrases such as "get the story straight" to nearby reporters. They claimed that they rioted because of the food at the gaol. The fire was doused by the local fire department, and the riot was put down by 50 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers from Edmonton, who were armed with tear gas and smoke grenades. After the ringleaders were pulled from
812-726: A change of 26.8% from its 2011 population of 19,051. With a land area of 48.18 km (18.60 sq mi), it had a population density of 501.2/km (1,298.2/sq mi) in 2016. As of 2016, the top three areas of employment are: Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations (3,140 residents), sales and service occupations (2,685), and business, finance and administration occupations (1,915 residents). The three most common levels of education are: Post secondary certificate, diploma or degree (10,420 residents), secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate (5,735 residents), and college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma (4,565 residents). According to
928-560: A counter-bid to the Local Authorities Board in 1989 to retake 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres) of land from Fort Saskatchewan. The claim encompassed most of Fort Saskatchewan's tax-rich industrial land, which had been ceded to the city in 1959. In the late 1980s, Fort Saskatchewan had the richest tax base in the Edmonton Area, with 74% involving commercial or industrial properties, and it had the lowest homeowners tax in
1044-646: A deeper and more defined valley. This area is well covered with forest and muskeg , and run-off into the river is much more constant and stable than in the mountains. From Edmonton to the mouth of the Vermilion River, the North Saskatchewan flows through the plains-parkland divide, with occasional stretches of prairie. The North Saskatchewan River valley parks system ; the largest expanses of urban parkland in Canada. Cutting across Edmonton and
1160-681: A future railway crossing. The NWMP made Fort Saskatchewan the headquarters of 'G' Division in 1885, and considered moving it to Edmonton to accommodate an expansion. The residents of Edmonton were enthusiastic about this proposal; they held a meeting to voice their support for the move, and submitted a 250-signature petition to the Minister of the Interior . However, the existing (temporary) NWMP barracks in Edmonton were so dilapidated that some officers mutinied in 1886 – an event known among police at
1276-680: A generating capacity of 120 megawatts (MW), and has an available water supply that allows it to be the largest producer of hydroelectric electricity in Alberta, with an average of 408,000 megawatt hours (MW⋅h) each year. One of the North Saskatchewan's major tributaries, the Brazeau River , houses the Brazeau Hydroelectric Plant . At 355 MW, the Brazeau Dam is Alberta's largest hydroelectric facility, and
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#17327911158941392-518: A jury consisting of three Métis residents, four locals who knew the Cree language, and a Cree translator. Scaffolding was built for his hanging in December, and an army pensioner was paid $ 50 to act as the hangman. Local Indigenous Chiefs were also invited to observe the execution to pacify rumours of unnecessary cruelty inflicted upon the condemned. The hanging was delayed after locals used the trap from
1508-546: A large provincial jail . The original fort was located across the river from the hamlet of Lamoureux , and Fort Saskatchewan opened a replica of the fort next to its original site in 2011. Fort Saskatchewan is bordered by Strathcona County to the south and east, Sturgeon County to the north and west, and the City of Edmonton to the southwest. Sturgeon County is across the North Saskatchewan River. The city
1624-480: A limousine. Muriel Abdurahman was elected as Fort Saskatchewan's first female mayor in 1980. Abdurahman was elected for a second term in 1983, and she became the first mayor of the City of Fort Saskatchewan after it gained official city status in 1985. She later resigned as mayor to pursue a career in provincial politics, and was succeeded by Pryce Alderson. Fort Saskatchewan annexed 952 hectares (2,350 acres) of land from Strathcona County on January 1, 2020. The land
1740-516: A local home owner, Mrs. Graham, donated her house to be used as a temporary medical facility; four residents were treated there. Three residents died from the Spanish Flu. The town's quarantine lasted for three weeks, and was lifted on November 17, 1918. A $ 200,000 provincial jail opened in 1915 on the site of the old fort, to replace the 34-cell guard house that had been used since the NWMP fort
1856-399: A meeting voicing their concern that the police garrison was located far from their settlement. Chief Factor Richard Hardisty , in charge of Fort Edmonton , wanted the police garrison to be located across the river and slightly upstream from his fort. However, Inspector Jarvis preferred the downstream site because he believed that its narrower and shallower river banks were better suited for
1972-492: A more direct eastern flow for about 30 kilometres (19 mi). At this point, it turns north where it eventually arrives at Abraham Lake . Bighorn Dam constricts the north end of Abraham Lake, where the North Saskatchewan emerges to track eastward to Rocky Mountain House . At Rocky Mountain House, the river abruptly turns north again for 100 kilometres (62 mi) where it switches east towards Edmonton, Alberta . In Edmonton,
2088-475: A new bridge, downstream and northeast of Fort Saskatchewan's downtown, carries a rail line that goes through Fort Saskatchewan's industrial area without going through residential areas. Town council, meeting in the Odd Fellows Hall , approved the construction of a combined fire and town hall in 1905. The building would also contain two cells for police use. Council originally voted to purchase land for
2204-528: A post so close to the king, and partly to provide enough cover to allow staff some release from duty. Occasionally, as in the case of Thomas Wolsey , access to the privy chamber could contribute to a downfall. An extract from the Ordinances of Eltham , manuscript dated 1526, reads: It is ordeyned that such persons as be appointed of the privy Chamber, shall be loving together, and of good Unity and accord keeping secrett all such things as shalbe done or said in
2320-477: A result, more industries constructed plants in Fort Saskatchewan. Between 1951 and 1956, the town's population doubled from 1,076 to 2,582. Dow Chemical acquired 700 acres in Fort Saskatchewan in 1959, opening its plant in 1961 and further expanding it in 1967. The population increased from 2,972 in 1961, when operations at Dow began, to 4,152 in 1966. The Fort Saskatchewan Town Police force (est. 1904)
2436-444: A second time in 1889. As headquarters of 'G' Division, it hosted patrols that extended as far as Fort Simpson and Chesterfield Inlet . The NWMP transferred the property to the Alberta government in 1911 for the construction of a provincial jail, and the fort was soon demolished. Artifacts and structural features have been discovered during subsequent digs, including clothing buttons, a possible privy deposit, and structural remains of
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#17327911158942552-569: A singular mark of favour, they were empowered to execute the King's verbal command without producing any written order; their person and character being deemed sufficient authority. Below Gentlemen in the hierarchy of the Privy Chamber were the Grooms of the Privy Chamber . The privy chamber was the most influential department in an English royal household. It contained the king's "privy lodging", consisting of bedroom, library, study, and lavatory. What
2668-422: A spy". As salary, a gentleman received £50 a year, a gentleman usher £30, and a groom £20. The gentlemen were regular officers of the court and hence belonged to what was called the "Ordinary of the King's Honorable House", as opposed to the six gentlemen, two gentlemen ushers, four grooms, one barber, and one page, whose positions had been established during the reign of King Henry VIII. The privy chamber led to
2784-512: A stage of 9.03 m (29.6 ft) with a peak instantaneous discharge of 2,710 cubic metres per second (96,000 cu ft/s) on June 23 in Edmonton. This is significantly higher than the Bow River's peak height at 4.1 metres (13 ft) and peak discharge of 1,750 cubic metres per second (62,000 cu ft/s) on June 21, that caused widespread flooding in Calgary . However, due to
2900-523: A variety of historically significant buildings from the area which form a historical village. The Fort Heritage Precinct features a full-scale replica of the original NWMP fort, which can be explored in guided tours. Phase one of the replica fort, which included the Men's Quarters and the Officers' Quarters, opened in 2011. The fort also features a horse stable, a guard room with jail cells, and an ice house which
3016-532: Is best known for its proximity to chemical plants, including Dow Chemical , Sherritt International , Nutrien (formerly Agrium ), Linde (Praxair), and Shell Canada . It is also known for its flock of 50 sheep that roam the Fort Heritage Precinct throughout the summer months eating the grass. Prior to colonization of the region, the area around what is now Fort Saskatchewan was a gathering place and home for many Indigenous nations, including
3132-452: Is divided into seven residential neighbourhoods and two industrial parks. Downtown is the city's oldest neighbourhood, and currently experiencing a larger commercial vacancy rate than the local average due to its low catchment area. Bridgeview, Clover Park, Pineview, and Sherridon are mature residential neighbourhoods, and Westpark and Southfort — the city's newest neighbourhoods — are still under development as of 2021. Eastgate Business Park and
3248-406: Is mainly located south of the city's old boundaries. Fort Saskatchewan originally requested 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) from Strathcona County, including industrial land to the north, but the two municipalities negotiated an agreement involving less land. Since Fort Saskatchewan was incorporated as a town in 1904, it has had 30 residents serve as its mayor as of 2021. Fort Saskatchewan submitted
3364-624: The Alberta Government to transfer water from the Peace , Smoky , and Athabasca rivers to the Saskatchewan River Basin . The planned dam had a maximum height of 65 metres (212 ft), with a crest length of 1.76 kilometres (5,760 ft), which would have created a reservoir capable of holding over 4.9 cubic kilometres (4,000,000 acre⋅ft) of water. The reservoir would have affected municipal water works in
3480-497: The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its watershed includes most of southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan. The North Saskatchewan River has a length of 1,287 kilometres (800 mi), and a drainage area of 122,800 square kilometres (47,400 sq mi). At its end point at Saskatchewan River Forks it has a mean discharge of 245 cubic metres per second (8,700 cu ft/s). The yearly discharge at
3596-540: The Capital Region . The river runs in a well-defined valley with deep cuts in the landscape. The fourth section, from the Vermilion River to Prince Albert is principally prairie with a few small stretches of timber and secondary forest cover. The valley of the river is much wider, and the river itself spreads out across shallow water and flows over many shifting sand bars . Low-lying, flat areas border
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3712-534: The Cree and Métis . Indigenous peoples of the region commonly travelled the North Saskatchewan River by canoe . The mouth of the Sturgeon River , located near modern-day Fort Saskatchewan's industrial business park, was an ideal location to gather the materials necessary to construct canoes. The Cree name of the area of modern-day Fort Saskatchewan is waskwayâhtik ispatinaw (Birch Hills) because birch bark
3828-500: The labour costs of fur trade brigades , and hoped steamboat shipping would provide a suitable alternative. Several HBC steamboats navigated the river intermittently for many years, although fluctuating water levels and natural barriers (rapids and sandbars ) hampered efficient operation. With the arrival of the railroad in Western Canada , steamboat shipping on the North Saskatchewan tapered off, but steamboats operated in
3944-528: The official languages of Canada , 22,160 residents are proficient only in English, 15 are only proficient in French, 1,385 residents are bilingual, and 60 residents are not proficient in either official language. Fort Saskatchewan's main industries are commercial and heavy industry. It is part of Alberta's Industrial Heartland , the largest Canadian industrial area west of Toronto . Companies with operations in
4060-539: The "tons upon tons of debris" that had been pushed up against its piers, including a house swept away by the current. Thousands of Edmonton residents watched the flood destroy lumber mills , other industries and dozens of houses along the city's river valley. The river peaked at a stage of 13.73 metres (45.0 ft), a rise of 11.5 metres (38 ft) above low flow, with an estimated peak instantaneous discharge of 5,800 cubic metres per second (200,000 cu ft/s). However, based on high water marks and 1D modelling,
4176-452: The 1910s and was later abandoned. The city remained in debt from financing the project until 1960, and the site still attracts tourists today. During the 1960s and 1970s, a major dam was planned on the North Saskatchewan near the Hamlet of Hairy Hill, Alberta , about 160 kilometres (100 mi) downstream from Edmonton. This dam was part of a larger interbasin water diversion conceived by
4292-404: The 2016 census, the largest visible minority populations in the community are Filipino with 535 residents, followed by South Asian with 350 residents. 1,390 residents identified as Aboriginal in 2016: 415 as First Nations , 965 as Métis , and 15 as Inuk (Inuit) . 15 residents also claimed multiple Aboriginal identities, bringing the total number of Aboriginal identity claims to 1,410. Regarding
4408-780: The Alberta–Saskatchewan border is more than 7 cubic kilometres (1.7 cu mi). The river begins above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) at the toe of the Saskatchewan Glacier in the Columbia Icefield , and flows southeast through Banff National Park alongside the Icefields Parkway . At the junction of the David Thompson Highway (Highway 11), it initially turns northeast for 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) before switching to
4524-472: The Battleford bridge (ca. 1908) followed. Edmonton's North Saskatchewan River valley parks system is the largest system of urban parks in Canada, and covers both sides of the river valley's course through Edmonton. The River Valley Alliance, a non-profit organization composed of seven municipalities which border the North Saskatchewan River, is currently working to create a continuous trail network from
4640-519: The City of Fort Saskatchewan, was likely to inundate part of the Saddle Lake Indian reserve , and would have flooded a number of oil and natural gas fields in the area. The plan was later shelved in light of economic and environmental concerns. The Bighorn Dam was constructed near Nordegg and created Abraham Lake , one of the largest reservoirs in Alberta. The dam was constructed in 1972 by Calgary Power . The Bighorn Plant has
4756-417: The Edmonton area until the economic crash of 1912-14. A number of dams have been planned and constructed on the North Saskatchewan River and its tributaries . No singular purpose has dominated dam planning in the basin, indeed, hydroelectric development , flood control , and water diversion schemes have all underpinned proposals to construct dams on the river. The first hydroelectric development on
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4872-528: The Edmonton region alone, dating back hundreds and sometimes thousands of years. With the westward expansion of the fur trade spearheaded by the North West Company (NWC) and followed by the HBC, the river became an important transportation route for fur trade brigades' York boats , to which it was especially well suited as it follows an eastern trend toward Hudson Bay, the entry point for the HBC into
4988-556: The Industrial Business Park both sit on the eastern edge of the city. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the City of Fort Saskatchewan had a population of 27,464 living in 10,570 of its 11,046 total private dwellings, a change of 13.6% from its 2016 population of 24,169. With a land area of 56.5 km (21.8 sq mi), it had a population density of 486.1/km (1,259.0/sq mi) in 2021. According to its 2023 municipal census,
5104-440: The King's Pastime; late or early going to bedd. In the early years of Henry VIII's reign, the title Gentleman of the Privy Chamber was awarded to subordinates of the king and to court companions who spent time with him. These were the sons of noblemen or important members of the gentry. In time, they came to act as personal secretaries to the king, carrying out a variety of administrative tasks within his private rooms. The position
5220-486: The North Saskatchewan River has been under construction since 2019; once completed it will connect Fort Saskatchewan's trail network to Sturgeon County's trails. This is part of the Trans Canada Trail network, reflecting Fort Saskatchewan's status as a hub for numerous provincial and national trails. The 11 hectare (27 acre) Fort Heritage Precinct is a municipally operated museum and historic site. It contains
5336-493: The North Saskatchewan River, called Red Coat Landing, and a provincially preserved natural area called the Fort Saskatchewan Prairie. Elk Island National Park is located southeast of the city. Fort Saskatchewan has over 75 km (47 mi) of paved multi-use trails as of 2021, including approximately 20 km (12 mi) throughout the river valley and the city's parks. A pedestrian bridge crossing
5452-535: The North Saskatchewan River, was also built at this time; CNR paid for it in exchange for free land for its station. It had a railway deck on its upper level and a wooden road deck on its lower level. Previously, the only method to cross the river at Fort Saskatchewan was via ferry. At the time of the bridge's construction, the Edmonton Bulletin described it as the second largest bridge in the CNR. The road deck
5568-599: The North Saskatchewan River, which erupted from the Mount Meager massif in southwestern British Columbia about 2350 years ago. The river is shown on a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) map from 1760, labelled as the Beaver River . Its Cree name is kisiskâciwanisîpiy , meaning 'swift current'. From this name is derived the name Saskatchewan, used as well for the South Saskatchewan River and
5684-400: The North Saskatchewan is subject to periodic flooding, beginning with rapid snowmelt in the mountains or prolonged periods of rain in the river basin . With the establishment of permanent communities along the river's course, and the rise of an administrative/government structure, records exist recording floods in the North Saskatchewan for the past century. The Bighorn Dam , constructed in
5800-544: The North Saskatchewan was planned in 1910 near the Town of Drayton Valley . Funding for the plan came from a British syndicate; design and construction were to be carried out by the Edmonton Hydro-Electric Power Scheme. The development was shelved after the outbreak of World War I. The La Colle Falls hydroelectric project east of Prince Albert was a half-built failure. Construction began in
5916-644: The Privy Chamber were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, functions and entertainments. In addition, six of these gentlemen were appointed by the Lord Chamberlain , together with a peer, and the Master of the Ceremonies , to publicly attend to all foreign ambassadors. Their institution was owed to King Henry VII . As
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#17327911158946032-544: The Saskatchewan River (of which both the North and South Saskatchewan rivers are major tributaries), and the province of that name. Its Blackfoot name is omaka-ty 'big river'. The 49-kilometre section of the North Saskatchewan River that falls within the boundaries of Banff National Park was designated a Canadian Heritage River in 1989, due to its importance in the development of Western Canada . In 2022
6148-523: The Saskatchewan delivering trade goods and amassing furs for transportation to Europe. The North Saskatchewan also witnessed a lively, although short-lived, era of steamboat shipping during the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s. The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) purchased a number of steamboats from companies operating on the Red River and trading at Winnipeg / Fort Garry . The HBC desired to avoid paying
6264-566: The Stool became an increasingly influential one, especially in King Henry's old age, when he required a great deal of physical assistance. Although this position was one of a male servant to the household, in charge of the "royal excretion" (which meant he had the task of cleaning the monarch's anus after defecation), the service was seen as very honourable rather than humiliating, and the Groom of
6380-479: The Stool had a high standing. During 1549–53, there were six "principal gentlemen" (Sir John Cheke , Sir Henry Sydney, Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, Sir Thomas Wroth , Sir Henry Nevill and Barnaby) and twenty-six "ordinary gentlemen" in Edward VI 's Privy chamber. All of these gentlemen, except for Barnaby, were 10 to 15 years older than the king. Usually, the six "principal gentlemen" would be close intimates of
6496-504: The actual value may have been closer to 6,300 cubic metres per second (220,000 cu ft/s). The river peaked at a stage of 11.5 metres (38 ft) with a peak instantaneous discharge of 4,520 cubic metres per second (160,000 cu ft/s). Along with many other rivers in central and southern Alberta during late June, the North Saskatchewan saw significantly higher water levels and flow rates. The river peaked at
6612-466: The architectural spaces of the palaces were different to England. James' varlets of the "chalmer" became grooms of the bedchamber. Some English courtiers, like John Fortescue , lost their places for resisting the appointment of Scottish courtiers. The new Privy Chamber formed in May 1603 had 48 gentlemen, twelve in service at any time. The new grooms seem to have been of lower family status than Elizabeth’s, but
6728-449: The area include Dow Chemical, Sherritt International, Nutrien (formerly Agrium) and Shell Canada. These plants are major employers for residents of Fort Saskatchewan and the surrounding area. The city has attracted a number of major retailers including Wal-Mart , The Home Depot , Canadian Tire , Safeway , Federated CO-OP , and Freson Bros . Fort Saskatchewan has also developed as a regional hub for stores and services; in 2019 it served
6844-519: The bakery, they were returned to their cells. The prison had previously seen an inmate sit-down in October 1950, and a small disturbance in March 1949, but this was the most significant act of aggression by inmates that the prison had seen. The riot caused $ 10,000 worth of damage. Sherritt Gordon Mines started construction on a $ 25-million nickel refinery in 1952, which started production in 1954. As
6960-461: The building behind the Queen's Hotel for $ 675, but a public petition successfully persuaded council to instead purchase land on the north-west corner of 100 Avenue and 103 Street for $ 1,250. Local taxpayers voted for $ 6000 to be spent on the construction of the building, and $ 7000 on fire-fighting equipment. The fire and town hall was completed in 1906; the fire department occupied the bottom level, and
7076-652: The canal, a bulkhead, and parts of the natural riverbank. This incident was blamed on faulty construction. The town decided in September 1912 that there was no cost-effective way to repair the dam. It instead retrofitted its old power house for $ 3000, and absorbed the financial losses associated with prematurely decommissioning the dam. The power plant on the grounds of the gaol supplied the entire town for eight years, during-which Fort Saskatchewan faced numerous issues with residents neglecting to pay their power bills. The town finalized an agreement for Calgary Power to purchase
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#17327911158947192-408: The chamber) were required to "dilligently attend upon... [the king's] person... doeing humble, reverent, secrett and lowly service". In other words, this service consisted primarily in giving company to the sovereign and in dressing and undressing him, although they performed a variety of chores. The privy chamber was properly established under Henry VIII who, as a young man early in his reign, had
7308-459: The city's non-industrial areas. The station and its property, including the railway track directly in front of it, were sold to the Province of Alberta, which immediately re-sold it to Fort Saskatchewan. The 1905 bridge was demolished soon after the railway was diverted. The old piers still stand in the river as of 2022. As of 1987, all freight and passenger rail connections occur in Edmonton, and
7424-565: The continent. Many fur trade posts were constructed on the river, including Fort Edmonton (1795) and Rocky Mountain House, the uppermost post reached by canoe navigation. The river's importance continued after the amalgamation of the HBC and the NWC. The river was plied by a number of steamboats up to the First World War, although for everyday freight the growing web of railway lines in the western prairies eventually replaced them. The river
7540-513: The dam and plant in 1911 after the contracted firm went bankrupt. There were two separate instances in June 1911 where water rose above the dam and flooded the construction area. By its completion in December 1911, Fort Saskatchewan had spent $ 80,000 on the project. Minor leaks were detected throughout the next few months, and the plant was shut down in April 1912 after a washout at the penstock damaged
7656-473: The early 1970s near Nordegg, Alberta , and the Brazeau Dam , constructed in the mid-1960s, have not reduced flooding potential on the North Saskatchewan River (Alberta Environment 1981) The river peaked at a stage of 12.61 metres (41.4 ft) with an estimated peak instantaneous discharge of 5,100 cubic metres per second (180,000 cu ft/s). The 1915 flood of the North Saskatchewan River
7772-472: The eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains , is the smallest area geographically, although the largest in terms of run-off and contributed water flow. The glaciers and perpetual snows of the mountain peaks feed the river year-round. Mountains, with little vegetation, experience fast-melting snow cover. The second section of the river comprises the foothills region . The terrain is hilly and rough, with
7888-587: The expansive North Saskatchewan River Valley and natural sanctuary/parkland that surrounds it, the City of Edmonton had only minor, isolated flooding, with virtually no major property damage as a result. The North Saskatchewan River has always been a major trade route from Hudson Bay and central Canada across the Canadian Prairies to the Canadian Rockies. During the fur trade era, birch bark canoes and York boats travelled up and down
8004-539: The fire was too large to be contained. Five businesses, primarily located in the Fetherstonhaugh Block, were lost to the fire — costing a total of $ 24,000 in damages. In the spring of 1913, construction began on $ 69,500 worth of buildings in the business section. These new buildings included the Williamson Block, which replaced the Fetherstonhaugh Block, and a new Queen's Hotel. In response to
8120-500: The first hanging in the North-West Territories (which included present-day Alberta). Swift Runner (Ka-Ki-Si-Kutchin), a Cree man, was considered by locals to be smart and trustworthy, and he had previously served as a guide for local police. He was expelled from Fort Saskatchewan, and later his tribe as well, after developing a severe addiction to whisky. After he eventually arrived back at Fort Saskatchewan alone, it
8236-655: The government, who shared their duties with the Groom of the Stool and the Chief Gentleman of the Chamber, with overall responsibility for all staff. These people usually organised hunting expeditions, in King Henry's case, or games, in the case of the boy King Edward VI who succeeded him, as a form of entertainment and as a way to create time for bonding. The duties of the gentlemen of the privy chamber or "gentlemen weyters" (later these gentlemen waiters would belong to
8352-418: The jail employed 220 people and housed 300 male and female offenders. The jail was replaced in 1988 when a new provincial correctional centre , which houses 546 inmates, was built south of Highway 15 (Veterans Way) on 101 Street. The cell blocks were demolished in 1992. The warden's house is the only remaining structure linked to the old gaol; the last building on the actual prison grounds, the facility workshop,
8468-423: The jail throughout the next 70 years, including more cell blocks, a gymnasium, a stand-alone power plant, and carpentry, auto body, and license plate shops. The prison grew food for inmates on a nearby 324 hectare (800 acre) farm. A new house for the warden and his family was completed in 1937, replacing the commanding officer's quarters of 1889. The warden's house was symbolically constructed on municipal grounds near
8584-529: The land annexed by Fort Saskatchewan, while the city would receive about $ 55 million of tax revenue over that same period. Mayor Pryce Alderson of Fort Saskatchewan, and Reeve Iris Evans of Strathcona County, issued a joint statement that welcomed the decision, stating that they would work together moving forward. Fort Saskatchewan has a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ) with warm summers and cold winters. Precipitation peaks during summer time, and snowfall peaks from November to January. Fort Saskatchewan
8700-472: The largest community on the CNR line between Edmonton and North Battleford , Saskatchewan. A second freight shed was built on the west side of the station in 1911; a sign of the growth in population and rail traffic that Fort Saskatchewan experienced. The station is the only surviving model 100-19 railway station in Alberta. In the decade after the railway arrived, the town's population nearly doubled to 993. The first bridge leading to Fort Saskatchewan, crossing
8816-549: The local pottery guild. The city has two other indoor ice arenas the Jubilee Recreation Centre and the Sportsplex, that are used during the winter months by hockey, ringette and figure skating associations. In the summer months, the lacrosse association uses them. Fort Saskatchewan also has Harbour Pool: An indoor swimming pool with a hot tub, sauna, and slide. The city opened Taurus Field in 2018 –
8932-498: The monarch; however, with a king as young and inexperienced as Edward, there was a huge possibility that some of these men could have forced themselves onto the king rather than the other way around. In fact, it might well have been the case that there were gentlemen of the privy chamber who were not so friendly with the king: such may have been Sir Phillip Hoby , who was a diplomatist and an intriguer, or Lord Strange and William Stanley who "confessed to having been employed by Somerset as
9048-399: The original palisade wall. The site of the fort has been partially damaged by the installation of underground utilities, and the construction of the provincial jail. Fort Saskatchewan was incorporated as a village in 1899, a town in 1904, and a city in 1985. Five hangings were conducted at the fort between 1879 and 1914. On December 20, 1879, Fort Saskatchewan's police garrison conducted
9164-452: The population of Fort Saskatchewan is 28,624, representing an increase of 6.24% from the 2019 municipal census. Fort Saskatchewan's population, according to its 2019 municipal census , is 26,942; a change of 2.3% from its 2018 municipal census population of 26,328. In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Fort Saskatchewan had a population of 24,149 living in 9,261 of its 9,939 total private dwellings,
9280-635: The prison, rather than on the prison grounds themselves — providing convenient access to the prison for the warden while normalizing life for his wife and children. The warden's house was converted into office space in early 1973. The prison was primarily used to house people awaiting their trials or serving sentences of under two years, and 29 prisoners were hanged on-site between 1914 and 1960. Noteworthy prisoners who were executed include Florence Lassandro (the only woman hanged in Alberta), and Robert Raymond Cook (the last man to be hanged in Alberta). By 1973,
9396-455: The privy chamber were servants of the Crown and usually "shared two characteristics: the king's religion and the king's personal favour." Apart from playing an "increasingly important role in the handling of the crown's cash", the Privy chamber also played a military role, providing an "army-within-an-army". Often, the gentlemen in the privy chamber were peers of Henry or figures of importance in
9512-404: The privy chamber with his allies. This not only suggests that the members of the privy chamber changed depending on who occupied these positions of power, but also hints that the privy chamber was very useful in maintaining the power of such people. In fact, John Fowler indirectly maintained Thomas Seymour 's control over Edward by accepting bribes and allowing repeated contact and influence between
9628-502: The privy chamber. The privy chamber originated in Henry VII's reign (1485–1509). By the time his son Henry VIII had ascended the throne, the privy chamber had become quite institutionalized, with a regular staff of its own, such as gentlemen, ushers, grooms, and pages. It developed further under the reign of Henry VIII, through a winding process of reform and reorganisation, particularly from 1518 to 1536. The gentlemen who dominated
9744-487: The project continues to progress towards completion." The centerpiece of Fort Saskatchewan's recreation and culture is the Dow Centennial Centre , a multi-use facility that includes an ice arena, gymnasium, field house, indoor track and fitness centre. The facility, which opened in September 2004, also features a 550-seat performing arts theatre, a permanent art gallery with monthly shows, a banquet hall and
9860-487: The province to open a new two-lane bridge downstream of the railway bridge. After it opened in 1957, the railway bridge's lower traffic deck was dismantled. The railway station and line through Fort Saskatchewan were in use until the late 1980s. Declining rail traffic and safety concerns regarding the transportation of dangerous goods prompted the Canadian National Railway to divert the line away from
9976-402: The provincial government to respect the Local Authorities Board's "non-political decision", regardless of what its verdict was. The province announced that Fort Saskatchewan's bid was successful in 1991, stating that the city would annex 1,144 hectares (2,830 acres) of land from Strathcona County on December 31, 1991. In turn, the county would be protected from further annexations for 20 years, and
10092-587: The region. After the provincial government tried unsuccessfully to mediate an agreement between the two sides in late 1989, the Edmonton Metropolitan Regional Planning Commission voted in 1990 in favour of Fort Saskatchewan's bid, and rejected Strathcona County's counter-bid. As the dispute continued into late 1990, Fort Saskatchewan purchased a full-page advertisement in the Edmonton Journal , urging
10208-604: The remaining 718 km within Alberta, flowing through 16 municipalities in the province, was nominated to the Canadian Heritage Rivers System, achieving final designation in March of 2024. The river demarcates the prairie–parkland divide for much of its course and acted as a natural boundary between plains Blackfoot of the south and woodland Cree of the north for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found evidence and indications of nearly 800 permanent or temporary occupation and quarry sites in
10324-714: The rise of many powerful men. Later in the reign of King Edward VI, Sir John Gates emerged as "a political figure, based in the privy chamber, and able to control access to the young king on behalf of his patron, the Duke of Northumberland." Usually, it was the person closest to the king (whether it was the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Protector or the Lord President of the Privy Council) who would pack
10440-557: The river for much of this section. The final section of the river, from Prince Albert to the Saskatchewan River Forks, has many rapids . The valley is more shallow than the previous sections of the river, and the channel is much better defined. There is little prairie and much tree cover in this section. The water flows on then in the Saskatchewan River . The Bridge River Ash is in the vicinity of
10556-442: The river passes through the centre of the city in a northeasterly direction and out towards Smoky Lake at which point it quickly changes to the southeast and then more to the east as it makes its way to the Alberta–Saskatchewan boundary. From the border, the river flows southeast between North Battleford and Battleford and on in the direction of Saskatoon . About 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Saskatoon, near Langham ,
10672-589: The river veers to the northeast where it passes through the City of Prince Albert . About 30 kilometres (19 mi) downstream of Prince Albert, the North Saskatchewan River joins the South Saskatchewan River at Saskatchewan River Forks to become the Saskatchewan River. From there, the river flows east to Tobin Lake and into Manitoba , eventually emptying into Lake Winnipeg . The river course can be divided into five distinct sections. The first,
10788-479: The said groomes or ushers doe approach or presume (unlesse they be otherwise by his Grace commanded or admitted) to lay hands upon his royall person, or intermeddle with prepareing or dressing of the fame, but onely that said six gentlemen : except it be to warme cloaths or to bring to the said gentlemen such things as shall apperteyne to the apparelling and dressing of the King’s said perſon. The position of Groom of
10904-411: The same, without disclosing any part thereof to any person Not being for the time present in the said chamber, and that the King being absent, without they be commanded to goe with his Grace, they shall not only give their continuall and diligent attendance in the said Chamber, but also leave hearkening and inquiring where the King is or goeth, be it early or late, without grudgeing, mumbling, or talking of
11020-501: The scaffolding as fire kindling, and the hangman forgot straps to bind Swift Runner's arms. At 9:30 am, Swift Runner was hanged in front of 60 onlookers and pronounced dead shortly after. Within an hour, his body was cut from the rope and buried in the snow outside the fort walls. Prior to the arrival of the railway, travellers to and from Edmonton had to traverse a dirt trail that wound around woods and swamps. The Canadian Northern Railway (CNR) reached Fort Saskatchewan in 1905, placing
11136-421: The site, which it renamed Fort Station Mall. The majority of the old mall was demolished and replaced with outward-facing commercial units. Future plans for development include the construction of additional commercial units, apartments, and an assisted-living facility for seniors. A report commissioned by the City of Fort Saskatchewan noted: "As of 2019, there is another phase of the site, yet to be redeveloped, but
11252-455: The time as "the Big Buck". It was cheaper to expand Fort Saskatchewan at its current location than to rebuild and expand the garrison in Edmonton. Despite the efforts of Edmonton's residents, who would continue to protest and voice their discontent until 1888, Fort Saskatchewan remained where it was. The palisade wall surrounding the fort was dismantled in 1886, and the fort was expanded for
11368-674: The town hall and council chamber were located on the upper floor. The fire department occupied the bottom floor until 1958, while the town hall was located in the building until 1970. The building is now privately owned and used as commercial space. After purchasing the Fort Electric Company in 1910, Town Council voted to purchase land near the mouth of the Sturgeon River, and construct a $ 30,000 wooden hydroelectric dam and power plant which were expected to last approximately 20 years. The town had to take over construction of
11484-428: The town of Devon to the city of Fort Saskatchewan – a total of 100 kilometres (62 mi). Fish species include: walleye , sauger , yellow perch , northern pike , goldeye , mooneye , lake sturgeon , mountain whitefish , burbot , longnose sucker , white sucker and shorthead redhorse . The upper North Saskatchewan River contains cutthroat trout (although not native), and bull trout Like all rivers,
11600-434: The town on what would eventually become a transcontinental rail line. The CNR station is a modified third-class station design (100-19 plan); a "special station" that was used by CNR at the most significant stops along their line. It has several unique features, such as a longer footprint than other third-class stations, and a freight shed; these reflected Fort Saskatchewan's status as the centre of an agricultural district and
11716-412: The town's equipment for $ 26,000 in June 1928, and supply the town with power for ten years. A fire swept through a large portion of the town's business section on January 21, 1913. It is thought to have started in the Queen's hotel, before quickly leaping across the street to nearby buildings. The fire department struggled to start their engine, and their hose froze; by the time they fixed their equipment,
11832-414: The two municipalities would have to reach an agreement on tax-sharing. The two sides continued to face difficulties negotiating with one another, and neither believed that an arbitration process could be agreed upon. In March 1992, a Court of Queen's Bench judge ruled in favour of Strathcona County. He declared that over the next 19 years, the county was to receive approximately $ 27 million in tax revenue from
11948-495: The two. Queen Mary 's household, at the time of her death, included a Privy Chamber establishment of seven Ladies and thirteen Gentlewomen, alongside a mere half a dozen Gentlemen and Grooms. Under Elizabeth I the number of males on the establishment was further reduced to just two, one Gentleman and one Groom. James VI of Scotland became king of England in 1603. The institutions of the Scottish royal court and household and
12064-493: The worsening Spanish Influenza outbreak, the local Board of Health placed Fort Saskatchewan under quarantine on October 30, 1918. Guards were placed at all roads leading into the town, and nobody could enter or leave without a pass from the health board. The town reached 86 cases of the Spanish Flu in November 1918, representing approximately nine percent of its total population. Fort Saskatchewan did not have its own hospital, so
12180-639: Was an especially respected one since it held the promise of regularly gaining the king's attention, as described in the Ordinances of Eltham: It is also ordeyned that the six gentlemen of the privy chamber, by seven of the clock or sooner, as the King the night before determineth to arise in the morning, shall be in the said chamber there diligently attending upon his Grace coming forth; being ready and prompt, to apparel and dresse his Highnesse, putting on such garments, in reverent, discreet and sober manner, as shall be his Grace’s pleasure to weare; and that none of
12296-475: Was an important component for making canoes and scrolls with Cree syllabics inscribed on them. Inspector William D. Jarvis , who led a column of North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) during the March West , established Sturgeon Creek Post in 1875. The post was soon renamed "Fort (on the) Saskatchewan", and it became a key northern police garrison. Its location caused outrage among residents of Edmonton, who held
12412-616: Was built in 1965 by Calgary Power. Though having a higher peak generating capacity than the Bighorn Dam, the hydrology of the Brazeau means that its average annual electricity production is a slightly smaller 397,000 MW⋅h. Tributaries of the North Saskatchewan River: [REDACTED] Media related to North Saskatchewan River at Wikimedia Commons Privy chamber The Gentlemen of
12528-543: Was completed in the summer of 2015. North Saskatchewan River The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier -fed river that flows from the Canadian Rockies continental divide east to central Saskatchewan , where it joins with the South Saskatchewan River to make up the Saskatchewan River . Its water flows eventually into the Hudson Bay . The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between
12644-471: Was constructed in 1875. This was necessary because by the early 1900s, the guard house was often filled beyond capacity; in August 1912, it held up to 71 prisoners at one time. The fort was demolished after the gaol opened, and in 1927 the prison's warden unveiled a cairn on the site of the old guard room, made from stones taken from its foundation, to commemorate the old fort. There were various additions to
12760-447: Was demolished in 2014. 96 inmates rioted in the prison dining room on January 19, 1955, led by 12 ringleaders who barricaded themselves in the prison's bakery. The riot started only 24 hours after the chief guard and two other guards were dismissed. Dishes and furniture were thrown and smashed, and a store room in the bakery was destroyed by fire after the ringleaders torched clothing, boots, and other supplies that they found. Prisoners in
12876-582: Was disbanded in 1972, and the RCMP resumed policing duties in the town for the first time since 1917. As part of a royal tour during the XI Commonwealth Games , Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip arrived in Fort Saskatchewan from Vegreville via a special train on August 2, 1978. The royal couple met with then-Premier Lougheed on the platform of the CNR station, gave a speech to local residents at Turner Park, and then traveled to Edmonton in
12992-417: Was discovered that he killed and ate his six children, his wife, his brother, and his mother. Possible motives for his acts have been proposed, such as trauma from previously being forced to eat a deceased hunting partner out of necessity, or being possessed by Wendigo – a flesh eating spirit in some Indigenous cultures. Charged for murder and cannibalism, Swift Runner was sentenced to death in August 1879 by
13108-496: Was known as the chamber was later divided into a privy chamber (distinguished from bedchamber in 1559), and outer chamber (often styled presence chamber). "While entry to the Presence Chamber was strongly contested by many, the key to real influence lay in access to the Privy Chamber." In fact, maintaining verbal contact with the King effectively required access to and control of the King's private lodgings; in other words,
13224-436: Was one of the most dramatic in the history of Edmonton. On 28 June, the Edmonton Bulletin reported the river had risen "10 feet in as many hours" and ultimately hitting a height of 42 feet over the low water level. A frantic phone call from Rocky Mountain House alerted local authorities to the flood's arrival. The Canadian Northern Railway had parked a number of train cars on the city's Low Level Bridge to protect against
13340-466: Was too narrow to allow more than one-way traffic, and traffic lights were later installed on each side of the bridge to help prevent collisions. Some drivers ignored the traffic lights at night, and proceeded if they did not see any oncoming headlights; even if they had a red light. A heavy vehicle struck the bridge in 1950, and a girder was forced 18 inches (46 cm) out of alignment by the impact. The safety concerns illustrated by these two factors caused
13456-578: Was used commercially for many years – to carry flatboats of settlers goods and construction materials downstream from Edmonton, to float thousands of logs in the annual log drive downstream to Edmonton prior to the First World War, as a source of ice blocks for home owners' iceboxes. The first bridge across the river opened in 1900, the Low Level Bridge (Edmonton) . The Canadian Northern Railway Bridge (Prince Albert) (1907-9), which also at first carried foot and wheeled traffic, and
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