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92-699: OpenSolaris is a descendant of the UNIX System V Release 4 (SVR4) code base developed by Sun and AT&T in the late 1980s and is the only version of the System V variant of UNIX available as open source. OpenSolaris was developed as a combination of several software consolidations that were open sourced starting with Solaris 10 . It includes a variety of free software , including popular desktop and server software. After Oracle's acquisition of Sun Microsystems in 2010, Oracle discontinued development of OpenSolaris in house, pivoting to focus exclusively on

184-681: A $ 16,000 price per additional CPU. Apple Computer 's A/UX operating system was initially based on this release. SCO XENIX also used SVR2 as its basis. The first release of HP-UX was also an SVR2 derivative. Maurice J. Bach's book, The Design of the UNIX Operating System , is the definitive description of the SVR2 kernel. AT&T's UNIX System Development Laboratory (USDL) was succeeded by AT&T Information Systems (ATTIS), which distributed UNIX System V, Release 3, in 1987. SVR3 included STREAMS , Remote File Sharing (RFS),

276-530: A GUI for ZFS ' snapshotting capabilities, known as Time Slider, that provides functionality similar to macOS 's Time Machine . In December 2008, Sun Microsystems and Toshiba America Information Systems announced plans to distribute Toshiba laptops pre-installed with OpenSolaris. On April 1, 2009, the Tecra M10 and Portégé R600 came preinstalled with OpenSolaris 2008.11 release and several supplemental software packages. On June 1, 2009, OpenSolaris 2009.06

368-594: A common printing language released in 1982. The X Window System originated from MIT 's Project Athena in 1984 and allowed for the display of an application to be disconnected from the machine where the application was running, separated by a network connection. Sun's original bundled SunView application suite was ported to X. Sun later dropped support for legacy SunView applications and NeWS with OpenWindows 3.3, which shipped with Solaris 2.3, and switched to X11R5 with Display Postscript support. The graphical look and feel remained based upon OPEN LOOK . OpenWindows 3.6.2

460-547: A distribution based on the OpenSolaris code in combination with software found only in Solaris releases. The first independent distribution was released on June 17, 2005, and many others have emerged since. On March 19, 2007, Sun announced that it had hired Ian Murdock , founder of Debian , to head Project Indiana , an effort to produce a complete OpenSolaris distribution, with GNOME and userland tools from GNU , plus

552-513: A dramatic shift from Unix to Linux: A look at the Top500 list of supercomputers tells the tale best. In 1998, Unix machines from Sun and SGI combined for 46% of the 500 fastest computers in the world. Linux accounted for one (0.2%). In 2005, Sun had 0.8% — or four systems — and SGI had 3.6%, while 72% of the Top500 ran Linux. In a November 2015 survey of the top 500 supercomputers, Unix

644-403: A focus on large-scale servers. It was released as SCO UnixWare 7. SCO's successor, The SCO Group , also based SCO OpenServer 6 on SVR5, but the codebase is not used by any other major developer or reseller. System V Release 6 was announced by SCO to be released by the end of 2004, but was apparently cancelled. It was supposed to support 64-bit systems. SCO also introduced Smallfoot in 2004,

736-654: A joint venture with Novell , called Univel . That year saw the release System V.4.2 as Univel UnixWare , featuring the Veritas File System . Other vendors included UHC and Consensys. Release 4.2MP, completed late 1993, added support for multiprocessing and it was released as UnixWare 2 in 1995. Eric S. Raymond warned prospective buyers about SVR4.2 versions, as they often did not include on-line man pages . In his 1994 buyers guide, he attributes this change in policy to Unix System Laboratories. The Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), owners of Xenix, eventually acquired

828-490: A large layoff of Solaris development engineering staff, development continued and Solaris 11.4 was released in 2018. Solaris uses a common code base for the platforms it supports: 64-bit SPARC and x86-64 . Solaris has a reputation for being well-suited to symmetric multiprocessing , supporting a large number of CPUs . It has historically been tightly integrated with Sun's SPARC hardware (including support for 64-bit SPARC applications since Solaris 7), with which it

920-416: A low-resource "embeddable" variant of UnixWare for dedicated commercial and industrial applications, in an attempt that was perceived as a response to the growing popularity of Linux. The industry has since coalesced around The Open Group 's Single UNIX Specification version 3 ( UNIX 03 ). In the 1980s and 1990s, a variety of SVR4 versions of Unix were available commercially for the x86 PC platform. However,

1012-630: A member of the Common Open Software Environment (COSE) initiative, Sun helped co-develop the Common Desktop Environment (CDE). This was an initiative to create a standard Unix desktop environment. Each vendor contributed different components: Hewlett-Packard contributed the window manager , IBM provided the file manager , and Sun provided the e-mail and calendar facilities as well as drag-and-drop support ( ToolTalk ). This new desktop environment

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1104-573: A network with the Automated Installer. CD, USB, and network install images are made available for both types of releases. OpenSolaris uses a network-aware package management system called the Image Packaging System (also known as pkg(5)) to add, remove, and manage installed software and to update to newer releases. Packages for development releases of OpenSolaris were published by Oracle typically every two weeks to

1196-493: A network-based package management system . The new distribution was planned to refresh the user experience and would become the successor to Solaris Express as the basis for future releases of Solaris. On May 5, 2008, OpenSolaris 2008.05 was released in a format that could be booted as a Live CD or installed directly. It uses the GNOME desktop environment as the primary user interface. The later OpenSolaris 2008.11 release included

1288-515: A ship of the First Fleet to Australia ). On October 17, 2008, a prototype release of Sirius was made available and on November 19 the same year, IBM authorized the use of Sirius on System z Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) processors. Solaris also supports the Linux platform application binary interface (ABI), allowing Solaris to run native Linux binaries on x86 systems. This feature

1380-419: A support credential, thus are not freely available to the public. Early releases of Solaris used OpenWindows as the standard desktop environment. In Solaris 2.0 to 2.2, OpenWindows supported both NeWS and X applications, and provided backward compatibility for SunView applications from Sun's older desktop environment. NeWS allowed applications to be built in an object-oriented way using PostScript ,

1472-416: A unified source code base. In 2011, the Solaris 11 kernel source code leaked . On September 2, 2017, Simon Phipps , a former Sun Microsystems employee not hired by Oracle in the acquisition, reported on Twitter that Oracle had laid off the Solaris core development staff, which many interpreted as sign that Oracle no longer intended to support future development of the platform. While Oracle did have

1564-655: A version from a reseller, based on AT&T's reference implementation . A standards document called the System V Interface Definition outlined the default features and behavior of implementations. During the formative years of AT&T's computer business, the division went through several phases of System V software groups, beginning with the Unix Support Group (USG), followed by Unix System Development Laboratory (USDL), followed by AT&T Information Systems (ATTIS), and finally Unix System Laboratories (USL). In

1656-464: A year until the next official release comes out. The Solaris version under development by Sun since the release of Solaris 10 in 2005, was codenamed Nevada , and is derived from what is now the OpenSolaris codebase. In 2003, an addition to the Solaris development process was initiated. Under the program name Software Express for Solaris (or just Solaris Express ), a binary release based on

1748-487: Is a proprietary Unix operating system offered by Oracle for SPARC and x86-64 based workstations and servers . Originally developed by Sun Microsystems as Solaris, it superseded the company's earlier SunOS in 1993 and became known for its scalability , especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace , ZFS and Time Slider. After the Sun acquisition by Oracle in 2010, it

1840-864: Is an SVR3 derivative. System V Release 4.0 was announced on October 18, 1988 and was incorporated into a variety of commercial Unix products from early 1989 onwards. A joint project of AT&T Unix System Laboratories and Sun Microsystems , it combined technology from: New features included: Many companies licensed SVR4 and bundled it with computer systems such as workstations and network servers . SVR4 systems vendors included Atari ( Atari System V ), Commodore ( Amiga Unix ), Data General ( DG/UX ), Fujitsu ( UXP/DS ), Hitachi (HI-UX), Hewlett-Packard (HP-UX), NCR ( Unix/NS ), NEC ( EWS-UX , UP-UX, UX/4800, SUPER-UX ), OKI (OKI System V), Pyramid Technology ( DC/OSx ), SGI ( IRIX ), Siemens ( SINIX ), Sony ( NEWS-OS ), Sumitomo Electric Industries (SEIUX), and Sun Microsystems ( Solaris ) with illumos in

1932-845: Is available online, including community-contributed information. Sun released most of the Solaris source code under the Common Development and Distribution License ( CDDL ), which is based on the Mozilla Public License (MPL) version 1.1. The CDDL was approved as an open source license by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) in January 2005. Files licensed under the CDDL can be combined with files licensed under other licenses, whether open source or proprietary. During Sun's announcement of Java's release under

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2024-557: Is based on GNOME and comes with a large set of applications, including StarOffice , Sun's office suite . Sun describes JDS as a "major component" of Solaris 10. The Java Desktop System is not included in Solaris 11 which instead ships with a stock version of GNOME. Likewise, CDE applications are no longer included in Solaris 11, but many libraries remain for binary backwards compatibility. The open source desktop environments KDE and Xfce , along with numerous other window managers , also compile and run on recent versions of Solaris. Sun

2116-462: Is called Solaris Containers for Linux Applications (SCLA), based on the branded zones functionality introduced in Solaris 10 8/07. Solaris can be installed from various pre-packaged software groups, ranging from a minimalistic Reduced Network Support to a complete Entire Plus OEM . Installation of Solaris is not necessary for an individual to use the system. The DVD ISO image can be used to load Solaris, running in-memory, rather than initiating

2208-437: Is marketed as a combined package. This has led to more reliable systems, but at a cost premium compared to commodity PC hardware. However, it has supported x86 systems since Solaris 2.1 and 64-bit x86 applications since Solaris 10, allowing Sun to capitalize on the availability of commodity 64-bit CPUs based on the x86-64 architecture. Sun heavily marketed Solaris for use with both its own x86-64-based Sun Java Workstation and

2300-471: Is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system . It was originally developed by AT&T and first released in 1983. Four major versions of System V were released, numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4. System V Release 4 (SVR4) was commercially the most successful version, being the result of an effort, marketed as Unix System Unification , which solicited the collaboration of the major Unix vendors. It

2392-618: Is simple. But some cases may require quite a bit of fine-tuning. I think that Sun has put some really nice touches on Solaris 10 that make it a better operating system for both administrators and users. The security enhancements are a long time coming, but are worth the wait. Is Solaris 10 perfect, in a word no it is not. But for most uses, including a desktop OS I think Solaris 10 is a huge improvement over previous releases. We've had fun with Solaris 10. It's got virtues that we definitely admire. What it needs to compete with Linux will be easier to bring about than what it's already got. It could become

2484-438: Is the platform's reliability, flexibility, and power. Be that as it may, since the Solaris 10 download is free, it behooves any IT manager to load it on an extra server and at least give it a try. Solaris 10 provides a flexible background for securely dividing system resources, providing performance guarantees and tracking usage for these containers. Creating basic containers and populating them with user applications and resources

2576-593: Is used almost exclusively to refer only to the releases based on SVR4-derived SunOS 5.0 and later. For releases based on SunOS 5, the SunOS minor version is included in the Solaris release number. For example, Solaris 2.4 incorporates SunOS 5.4. After Solaris 2.6, the 2. was dropped from the release name, so Solaris 7 incorporates SunOS 5.7, and the latest release SunOS 5.11 forms the core of Solaris 11.4. Although SunSoft stated in its initial Solaris 2 press release their intent to eventually support both SPARC and x86 systems,

2668-598: The /dev repository. Production releases use the /release repository which does not receive updates until the next production release. Only Sun customers with paid support contracts have access to updates for production releases. Paid support for production releases which allows access to security updates and bug fixes was offered by Sun through the /support repository on pkg.sun.com . A hardware compatibility list (HCL) for OpenSolaris can be consulted when choosing hardware for OpenSolaris deployment. Extensive OpenSolaris administration, usage, and development documentation

2760-617: The CDDL (Common Development and Distribution License) to the OSI , which approved it on January 14, 2005. The first part of the Solaris code base to be open-sourced was the Solaris Dynamic Tracing facility (commonly known as DTrace ), a tool that aids in the analysis, debugging, and tuning of applications and systems. DTrace was released under the CDDL on January 25, 2005, on the newly launched opensolaris.org website. The bulk of

2852-776: The Freie Universität Berlin in Germany . The 2008 OSDevCon was a joint effort of the GUUG and the Czech OpenSolaris User Group (CZOSUG) and look place June 25–27, 2008, in Prague , Czech Republic. The 2009 OSDevCon look place October 27–30, 2009, in Dresden , Germany. In 2007, Sun Microsystems organized the first OpenSolaris Developer Summit, which was held on the weekend of October 13, 2007, at

OpenSolaris - Misplaced Pages Continue

2944-603: The GNU General Public License (GPL), Jonathan Schwartz and Rich Green both hinted at the possibility of releasing Solaris under the GPL, with Green saying he was "certainly not" averse to relicensing under the GPL. When Schwartz pressed him (jokingly), Green said Sun would "take a very close look at it." In January 2007, eWeek reported that anonymous sources at Sun had told them OpenSolaris would be dual-licensed under CDDL and GPLv3. Green responded in his blog

3036-1001: The SNIA Storage Developer Conference (SDC), in Santa Clara, California . The second OpenSolaris Storage Summit preceded the USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST) on February 23, 2009, in San Francisco, United States. On November 3, 2009, a Solaris/OpenSolaris Security Summit was held by Sun in the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore, Maryland , preceding the Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA). Notable derivatives include: UNIX System V Unix System V (pronounced: "System Five")

3128-646: The University of California, Santa Cruz in the United States . The 2008 OpenSolaris Developer Summit returned to UCSC on May 2–3, 2008, and took place immediately prior to the launch of Sun's new OpenSolaris distribution on May 5, 2008, at the CommunityOne conference in San Francisco, California . The first OpenSolaris Storage Summit was organized by Sun and held September 21, 2008, preceding

3220-421: The /release repository to serve as an upgrade path to Solaris 11 Express. Oracle Solaris 11 Express 2010.11, a preview of Solaris 11 and the first release of the post-OpenSolaris distribution from Oracle, was released on November 15, 2010. OpenSolaris was offered as both development (unstable) and production (stable) releases. OpenSolaris can be installed from CD-ROM , USB drives, or over

3312-535: The 1980s and early-1990s, UNIX System V and the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) were the two major versions of UNIX. Historically, BSD was also commonly called "BSD Unix" or "Berkeley Unix". Eric S. Raymond summarizes the longstanding relationship and rivalry between System V and BSD during the early period: In fact, for years after divestiture the Unix community was preoccupied with

3404-509: The 2010s as the only open-source platform. Software porting houses also sold enhanced and supported Intel x86 versions. SVR4 software vendors included Dell (Dell UNIX), Everex (ESIX), Micro Station Technology (SVR4), Microport (SVR4), and UHC (SVR4). The primary platforms for SVR4 were Intel x86 and SPARC ; the SPARC version, called Solaris 2 (or, internally, SunOS 5.x), was developed by Sun. The relationship between Sun and AT&T

3496-602: The BSD derivative FreeBSD . POSIX 2008 specifies a replacement for these interfaces. FreeBSD maintains a binary compatibility layer for the COFF format, which allows FreeBSD to execute binaries compiled for some SVR3.2 derivatives such as SCO UNIX and Interactive UNIX. Modern System V, Linux, and BSD platforms use the ELF file format for natively compiled binaries. Solaris (operating system)#Development release Oracle Solaris

3588-620: The Bell-internal CB UNIX . SVR1 ran on DEC PDP-11 and VAX minicomputers . AT&T's UNIX Support Group (USG) transformed into the UNIX System Development Laboratory (USDL), which released System V Release 2 in 1984. SVR2 added shell functions and the SVID . SVR2.4 added demand paging , copy-on-write , shared memory , and record and file locking . The concept of the "porting base"

3680-616: The File System Switch (FSS) virtual file system mechanism, a restricted form of shared libraries , and the Transport Layer Interface (TLI) network API . The final version was Release 3.2 in 1988, which added binary compatibility to Xenix on Intel platforms (see Intel Binary Compatibility Standard ). User interface improvements included the "layers" windowing system for the DMD 5620 graphics terminal, and

3772-517: The Intel Itanium architecture was announced in 1997 but never brought to market. On November 28, 2007, IBM , Sun, and Sine Nomine Associates demonstrated a preview of OpenSolaris for System z running on an IBM System z mainframe under z/VM , called Sirius (in analogy to the Polaris project, and also due to the primary developer's Australian nationality: HMS Sirius of 1786 was

OpenSolaris - Misplaced Pages Continue

3864-602: The OpenIndiana Project (now under the auspices of the illumos Foundation) continues to maintain and develop the illumos-based OpenIndiana distribution (including its installer and build system) as the direct descendant of OpenIndiana. Since then additional illumos distributions , both commercial and non-commercial, have appeared and are under active development, combining the illumos kernel and userland with custom installers, packaging and build systems, and other distribution-specific utilities and tooling. OpenSolaris

3956-414: The OpenSolaris project, replacing SXDE. The first release of this distribution was OpenSolaris 2008.05 . The Solaris Express Community Edition (SXCE) was intended specifically for OpenSolaris developers. It was updated every two weeks until it was discontinued in January 2010, with a recommendation that users migrate to the OpenSolaris distribution. Although the download license seen when downloading

4048-632: The Oracle Technology Network and used without a support contract indefinitely; however, the license only expressly permits the user to use Solaris as a development platform and expressly forbids commercial and "production" use. Educational use is permitted in some circumstances. From the OTN license: If You are an educational institution vested with the power to confer official high school, associate, bachelor, master and/or doctorate degrees, or local equivalent, ("Degree(s)"), You may also use

4140-469: The Oracle acquisition in 2010, the OpenSolaris distribution was discontinued and later discontinued providing public updates to the source code of the Solaris kernel, effectively turning Solaris version 11 back into a closed source proprietary operating system. Following that, OpenSolaris was forked as Illumos and is alive through several Illumos distributions . In September 2017, Oracle laid off most of

4232-454: The Oracle products Solaris 11 and Solaris 11 Express. However, rather than being based around the OS/Net consolidation like OpenSolaris was, OpenIndiana became a distribution based on illumos (the first release is still based around OS/Net). The project uses the same IPS package management system as OpenSolaris. On November 12, 2010, a final build of OpenSolaris (134b) was published by Oracle to

4324-762: The Programs as part of Your educational curriculum for students enrolled in Your Degree program(s) solely as required for the conferral of such Degree (collectively "Educational Use"). When Solaris is used without a support contract it can be upgraded to each new "point release"; however, a support contract is required for access to patches and updates that are released monthly. Notable features of Solaris include DTrace , Doors , Service Management Facility , Solaris Containers , Solaris Multiplexed I/O , Solaris Volume Manager , ZFS , and Solaris Trusted Extensions . Updates to Solaris versions are periodically issued. In

4416-532: The SVR3.2 curses libraries that offered eight or more color pairs and other at this time important features (forms, panels, menus, etc.). The AT&T 3B2 became the official "porting base." SCO UNIX was based upon SVR3.2, as was ISC 386/ix . Among the more obscure distributions of SVR3.2 for the 386 were ESIX 3.2 by Everex and "System V, Release 3.2" sold by Intel themselves; these two shipped "plain vanilla" AT&T's codebase. IBM 's AIX operating system

4508-404: The Solaris 2 FAQ. The underlying Solaris codebase has been under continuous development since work began in the late 1980s on what was eventually released as Solaris 2.0. Each version such as Solaris 10 is based on a snapshot of this development codebase, taken near the time of its release, which is then maintained as a derived project. Updates to that project are built and delivered several times

4600-594: The Solaris system code was released on June 14, 2005. There remains some system code that is not open source and is available only as pre-compiled binary files. To direct the newly fledged project, a Community Advisory Board was announced on April 4, 2005: two were elected by the pilot community, two were employees appointed by Sun, and one was appointed from the broader free software community by Sun. The members were Roy Fielding , Al Hopper, Rich Teer, Casper Dik, and Simon Phipps . On February 10, 2006, Sun approved The OpenSolaris Charter , which reestablished this body as

4692-423: The Solaris teams. In 1987, AT&T Corporation and Sun announced that they were collaborating on a project to merge the most popular Unix variants on the market at that time: Berkeley Software Distribution , UNIX System V , and Xenix . This became Unix System V Release 4 (SVR4). On September 4, 1991, Sun announced that it would replace its existing BSD-derived Unix, SunOS 4 , with one based on SVR4. This

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4784-534: The UnixWare trademark and the distribution rights to the System V Release 4.2 codebase from Novell, while other vendors (Sun, IBM, HP) continued to use and extend System V Release 4. Novell transferred ownership of the Unix trademark to The Open Group . System V Release 5 was developed in 1997 by the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) as a merger of SCO OpenServer (an SVR3-derivative) and UnixWare, with

4876-427: The basis for their Unix offerings, other vendors such as Sun Microsystems and DEC extended BSD. Throughout its development, though, System V was infused with features from BSD, while BSD variants such as DEC's Ultrix received System V features. AT&T and Sun Microsystems worked together to merge System V with BSD-based SunOS to produce Solaris , one of the primary System V descendants still in use today . Since

4968-568: The community and Oracle source code would continue to be released into Open Source, but Oracle code releases would occur only after binary releases. The internal email was released by an OpenSolaris kernel developer but was unconfirmed by Oracle. There was a post confirming the leak posted to the OpenSolaris Forums on August 13, 2010. Upstream contributions will continue through a new Oracle website, downstream source code publishing will continue, and binary distribution will continue under

5060-550: The current development basis was made available for download on a monthly basis, allowing anyone to try out new features and test the quality and stability of the OS as it progressed to the release of the next official Solaris version. A later change to this program introduced a quarterly release model with support available, renamed Solaris Express Developer Edition (SXDE). In 2007, Sun announced Project Indiana with several goals, including providing an open source binary distribution of

5152-434: The development of the proprietary Solaris Express (now Oracle Solaris ). Prior to Oracle's close-sourcing Solaris, a group of former OpenSolaris developers began efforts to fork the core software under the name OpenIndiana . The illumos Foundation, founded in the wake of the discontinuation of OpenSolaris, continues to develop and maintain the kernel and userland of OpenIndiana (together renamed “illumos”), while

5244-459: The early 1990s, due to standardization efforts such as POSIX and the success of Linux , the division between System V and BSD has become less important. System V, known inside Bell Labs as Unix 5.0, succeeded AT&T's previous commercial Unix called System III in January, 1983. Unix 4.0 was never released externally, which would have been designated as System IV. This first release of System V (called System V.0, System V Release 1, or SVR1)

5336-465: The first phase of the Unix wars  – an internal dispute, the rivalry between System V Unix and BSD Unix. The dispute had several levels, some technical ( sockets vs. streams , BSD tty vs. System V termio) and some cultural. The divide was roughly between longhairs and shorthairs; programmers and technical people tended to line up with Berkeley and BSD, more business-oriented types with AT&T and System V. While HP, IBM and others chose System V as

5428-660: The first two Solaris 2 releases, 2.0 and 2.1, were SPARC-only. An x86 version of Solaris 2.1 was released in June 1993, about 6 months after the SPARC version, as a desktop and uniprocessor workgroup server operating system. It included the Wabi emulator to support Windows applications. At the time, Sun also offered the Interactive Unix system that it had acquired from Interactive Systems Corporation . In 1994, Sun released Solaris 2.4, supporting both SPARC and x86 systems from

5520-417: The image files indicates its use is limited to personal, educational and evaluation purposes, the license acceptance form displayed when the user actually installs from these images lists additional uses including commercial and production environments. SXCE releases terminated with build 130 and OpenSolaris releases terminated with build 134 a few weeks later. The next release of OpenSolaris based on build 134

5612-515: The independent OpenSolaris Governing Board. The task of creating a governance document or "constitution" for this organization was given to the OGB and three invited members: Stephen Hahn and Keith Wesolowski (developers in Sun's Solaris organization) and Ben Rockwood (a prominent OpenSolaris community member). The former next-generation Solaris OS version under development by Sun to eventually succeed Solaris 10

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5704-677: The installation. Additional software, like Apache, MySQL, etc. can be installed as well in a packaged form from sunfreeware and OpenCSW . Solaris can be installed from physical media or a network for use on a desktop or server, or be used without installing on a desktop or server. There are several types of updates within each major release, including the Software Packages, and the Oracle Solaris Image. Additional minor updates called Support Repository Updates (SRUs) and Critical Patch Update Packages (CPUs), require

5796-431: The like. The license varied only little through 2004. From 2005–10, Sun began to release the source code for development builds of Solaris under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) via the OpenSolaris project. This code was based on the work being done for the post-Solaris 10 release (code-named "Nevada"; eventually released as Oracle Solaris 11). As the project progressed, it grew to encompass most of

5888-466: The market for commercial Unix on PCs declined after Linux and BSD became widely available. In late 1994, Eric S. Raymond discontinued his PC-clone UNIX Software Buyer's Guide on USENET , stating, "The reason I am dropping this is that I run Linux now, and I no longer find the SVr4 market interesting or significant." In 1998, a confidential memo at Microsoft stated, "Linux is on track to eventually own

5980-520: The market were IBM AIX, Hewlett-Packard's HP-UX, and Sun's Solaris. In 2006, when SGI declared bankruptcy, analysts questioned whether Linux would replace proprietary Unix altogether. In a 2006 article written for Computerworld by Mark Hall, the economics of Linux were cited as a major factor driving the migration from Unix to Linux: Linux's success in high-end, scientific and technical computing , like Unix's before it, preceded its success in your data center . Once Linux proved itself by executing

6072-465: The most complex calculations possible, IT managers quickly grasped that it could easily serve Web pages and run payroll . Naturally, it helps to be lucky: Free, downloadable Linux's star began to rise during one of the longest downturns in IT history. With companies doing more with less, one thing they could dump was Unix. The article also cites trends in high-performance computing applications as evidence of

6164-424: The necessary code to compile an entire release, with a few exceptions. When Sun was acquired by Oracle in 2010, the OpenSolaris project was discontinued after the board became unhappy with Oracle's stance on the project. In March 2010, the previously freely available Solaris 10 was placed under a restrictive license that limited the use, modification and redistribution of the operating system. The license allowed

6256-480: The next day that the article was incorrect, saying that although Sun is giving "very serious consideration" to such a dual-licensing arrangement, it would be subject to agreement by the rest of the OpenSolaris community. The first annual OpenSolaris Developer Conference (abbreviated as OSDevCon) was organized by the German Unix User Group (GUUG) and took place from February 27 to March 2, 2007, at

6348-534: The old Solaris Express model, the but release of source code will occur after binary cuts, and binary cuts will become less frequent. On September 14, 2010, OpenIndiana was formally launched at the JISC Centre in London . While OpenIndiana is a fork in the technical sense, it is a continuation of OpenSolaris in spirit: the project intends to deliver a System V family operating system that is binary-compatible with

6440-424: The past, these were named after the month and year of their release, such as "Solaris 10 1/13"; as of Solaris 11, sequential update numbers are appended to the release name with a period, such as "Oracle Solaris 11.4". In ascending order, the following versions of Solaris have been released: A more comprehensive summary of some Solaris versions is also available. Solaris releases are also described in

6532-492: The port was canceled before the Solaris 2.6 release. In January 2006, a community of developers at Blastwave began work on a PowerPC port which they named Polaris . In October 2006, an OpenSolaris community project based on the Blastwave efforts and Sun Labs' Project Pulsar , which re-integrated the relevant parts from Solaris 2.5.1 into OpenSolaris, announced its first official source code release. A port of Solaris to

6624-412: The use of the accompanying binary software in machine-readable form, together with accompanying documentation ("Software"), by the number of users and the class of computer hardware for which the corresponding fee has been paid. In addition, the license provided a "License to Develop" granting rights to create derivative works, restricted copying to only a single archival copy, disclaimer of warranties, and

6716-519: The user to download the operating system free of charge, through the Oracle Technology Network , and use it for a 90-day trial period. After that trial period had expired the user would then have to purchase a support contract from Oracle to continue using the operating system. With the release of Solaris 11 in 2011, the license terms changed again. The new license allows Solaris 10 and Solaris 11 to be downloaded free of charge from

6808-410: The x86 UNIX market", and further predicted, "I believe that Linux – moreso than NT  – will be the biggest threat to SCO in the near future." An InfoWorld article from 2001 characterized SCO UnixWare as having a "bleak outlook" due to being "trounced" in the market by Linux and Solaris, and IDC predicted that SCO would "continue to see a shrinking share of the market". Project Monterey

6900-512: The x86-64 models of the Sun Ultra series workstations , and servers based on AMD Opteron and Intel Xeon processors, as well as x86 systems manufactured by companies such as Dell , Hewlett-Packard , and IBM . As of 2009 , the following vendors support Solaris for their x86 server systems: Solaris 2.5.1 included support for the PowerPC platform ( PowerPC Reference Platform ), but

6992-559: Was codenamed 'Nevada', and was derived from what was the OpenSolaris codebase and this new code was then pulled into new OpenSolaris 'Nevada' snapshot builds. "While under Sun Microsystems' control, there were bi-weekly snapshots of Solaris Nevada (the codename for the next-generation Solaris OS to eventually succeed Solaris 10), and this new code was then pulled into new OpenSolaris preview snapshots available at Genunix.org. The stable releases of OpenSolaris are based on these Nevada builds." Initially, Sun's Solaris Express program provided

7084-603: Was forked into proprietary release, but illumos as the continuation project is being developed in open-source. A consortium of Intel-based resellers including Unisys , ICL , NCR Corporation , and Olivetti developed SVR4.0MP with multiprocessing capability (allowing system calls to be processed from any processor, but interrupt servicing only from a "master" processor). Release 4.1 ES (Enhanced Security) added security features required for Orange Book B2 compliance and Access Control Lists and support for dynamic loading of kernel modules. In 1992, AT&T USL engaged in

7176-537: Was based on Solaris, which was originally released by Sun in 1991. Solaris is a version of UNIX System V Release 4 (SVR4), jointly developed by Sun and AT&T to merge features from several existing Unix systems. It was licensed by Sun from Novell to replace SunOS . Planning for OpenSolaris started in early 2004. A pilot program was formed in September 2004 with 18 non-Sun community members and ran for 9 months growing to 145 external participants. Sun submitted

7268-639: Was based upon the Motif look and feel and the old OPEN LOOK desktop environment was considered legacy. CDE unified Unix desktops across multiple open system vendors. CDE was available as an unbundled add-on for Solaris 2.4 and 2.5, and was included in Solaris 2.6 through 10. In 2001, Sun issued a preview release of the open-source desktop environment GNOME 1.4, based on the GTK+ toolkit, for Solaris 8. Solaris 9 8/03 introduced GNOME 2.0 as an alternative to CDE. Solaris 10 includes Sun's Java Desktop System (JDS), which

7360-494: Was developed by AT&T's UNIX Support Group (USG) and based on the Bell Labs internal USG UNIX 5.0. System V also included features such as the vi editor and curses from 4.1 BSD, developed at the University of California, Berkeley ; it also improved performance by adding buffer and inode caches. It also added support for inter-process communication using messages, semaphores , and shared memory , developed earlier for

7452-791: Was divided between IBM (56%), Oracle (19.2%), and HP (18.6%). No other commercial Unix vendor had more than 2% of the market. Industry analysts generally characterize proprietary Unix as having entered a period of slow but permanent decline. OpenSolaris and its derivatives are the only SVR4 descendants that are open-source software . Core system software continues to be developed as illumos used in illumos distributions such as SmartOS , Omniosce , OpenIndiana and others. The System V interprocess communication mechanisms are available in Unix-like operating systems not derived from System V; in particular, in Linux (a reimplementation of Unix) as well as

7544-546: Was due in March 2010, but it was never fully released, though the packages were made available on the package repository. Instead, Oracle renamed the binary distribution Solaris 11 Express, changed the license terms and released build 151a as 2010.11 in November 2010. All in all, Sun has stayed the course with Solaris 9. While its more user-friendly management is welcome, that probably won't be enough to win over converts. What may

7636-474: Was formalized, and the DEC VAX-11/780 was chosen for this release. The "porting base" is the so-called original version of a release, from which all porting efforts for other machines emanate. Educational source licenses for SVR2 were offered by AT&T for US$ 800 for the first CPU, and $ 400 for each additional CPU. A commercial source license was offered for $ 43,000, with three months of support, and

7728-460: Was identified internally as SunOS 5 , but a new marketing name was introduced at the same time: Solaris 2 . The justification for this new overbrand was that it encompassed not only SunOS, but also the OpenWindows graphical user interface and Open Network Computing (ONC) functionality. Although SunOS 4.1. x micro releases were retroactively named Solaris 1 by Sun, the Solaris name

7820-450: Was investing in a new desktop environment called Project Looking Glass since 2003. The project has been inactive since late 2006. For versions up to 2005 (Solaris 9), Solaris was licensed under a license that permitted a customer to buy licenses in bulk, and install the software on any machine up to a maximum number. The key license grant was: License to Use. Customer is granted a non-exclusive and non-transferable license ("License") for

7912-541: Was released, with support for the SPARC platform. On January 6, 2010, it was announced that the Solaris Express program would be closed while an OpenSolaris binary release was scheduled to be released on March 26, 2010. The OpenSolaris 2010.03 release never appeared. On August 13, 2010, Oracle was rumored to have discontinued the OpenSolaris binary distribution to focus on the Solaris Express binary distribution program. Source code would continue to be accepted from

8004-485: Was renamed Oracle Solaris. Solaris was registered as compliant with the Single UNIX Specification until 29 April 2019. Historically, Solaris was developed as proprietary software . In June 2005, Sun Microsystems released most of the codebase under the CDDL license, and founded the OpenSolaris open-source project. Sun aimed to build a developer and user community with OpenSolaris; after

8096-504: Was started in 1998 to combine major features of existing commercial Unix platforms, as a joint project of Compaq , IBM, Intel, SCO, and Sequent Computer Systems . The target platform was meant to be Intel's new IA-64 architecture and Itanium line of processors. However, the project was abruptly canceled in 2001 after little progress. By 2001, several major Unix variants such as SCO UnixWare, Compaq Tru64 UNIX , and SGI IRIX were all in decline. The three major Unix versions doing well in

8188-399: Was terminated after the release of SVR4, meaning that later versions of Solaris did not inherit features of later SVR4.x releases. Sun would in 2005 release most of the source code for Solaris 10 (SunOS 5.10) as the open-source OpenSolaris project, creating, with its forks, the only open-source (albeit heavily modified) System V implementation available. After Oracle took over Sun, Solaris

8280-502: Was the last release under Solaris 8. The OPEN LOOK Window Manager ( olwm ) with other OPEN LOOK specific applications were dropped in Solaris 9, but support libraries were still bundled, providing long term binary backwards compatibility with existing applications. The OPEN LOOK Virtual Window Manager (olvwm) can still be downloaded for Solaris from sunfreeware and works on releases as recent as Solaris 10. Sun and other Unix vendors created an industry alliance to standardize Unix desktops. As

8372-527: Was the source of several common commercial Unix features. System V is sometimes abbreviated to SysV . As of 2021 , the AT&;T-derived Unix market is divided between four System V variants: IBM 's AIX , Hewlett Packard Enterprise 's HP-UX and Oracle 's Solaris , plus the free-software illumos forked from OpenSolaris . System V was the successor to 1982's UNIX System III . While AT&T developed and sold hardware that ran System V, most customers ran

8464-413: Was used by only 1.2% (all running IBM AIX), while Linux was used by 98.8%; the same survey in November 2017 reports 100% of them using Linux. System V derivatives continued to be deployed on some proprietary server platforms. The principal variants of System V that remain in commercial use are AIX (IBM), Solaris (Oracle), and HP-UX (HP). According to a study done by IDC , in 2012 the worldwide Unix market

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