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70-677: Little Chute is a village in Outagamie County , Wisconsin , United States. The population was 10,449 at the 2010 census . It is immediately east of the city of Appleton, Wisconsin and runs along the Fox River . It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town was originally established as a trading post by French explorers who called it "Le Petite Chute" (Little Chute). In

140-672: A collaborative project at the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point . Below are the basic orthography and phonemes (represented in IPA ) of Menominee. Consonants, including nasals, are palatalized before front vowels and labialized before back vowels. Menominee does not make contrasts between voiced and voiceless stops and voicing from a following vowel may set in before the opening is complete. Vowels are slightly nasalized before or after /m/ or /n/ . Syllable structure in Menominee

210-588: A museum and tourist attraction that promotes the history and Dutch heritage of the community. The Fox River Navigational System Authority is rehabilitating and operating the system of Lower Fox River locks between Lake Winnebago and Green Bay, including the Locks at Little Chute in Doyle Park. Repairs to the Little Chute guard lock, lock and combined locks are scheduled to be completed by 2009. Funding for

280-739: A series of attacks on the Sac, culminating in the Fox Wars , which drove them out of the area by 1742. The power vacuum created by the departure of most of the Ho-Chunk, the Sac and the Fox allowed the Menominee to briefly dominate the area. The Menominee set up a village, Ookicitiming (“causeway” in Menominee ) near present-day Little Chute. The first Europeans to the area were the French. Jean Nicolet reached

350-642: Is Heidi Schmidt. Grades 5–12 of the public school are located in separate areas of the same building. St. Luke Lutheran Church, affiliated with the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS), is in Little Chute. Outagamie County, Wisconsin Outagamie County ( / ˌ aʊ t ə ˈ ɡ eɪ m i / OW -tə- GAY -mee ) is a county in the Fox Cities region of the U.S. state of Wisconsin , located in

420-701: Is a grammatical construct for noun classification and not a reflection of the noun's status as "living" or "non-living." Therefore, some semantically inherently inanimate objects are grammatically animate. All nouns are required to be inflected if they are plural. Nouns which are singular are unmarked. Menominee has four grammatical persons: first, second, third, and indefinite. Noun classes are split based on grammatical gender into two categories: animate and inanimate. Additionally, all nouns must be marked for plurality. Plurality agreement are suffixes that attach to noun stems. Singular forms are unmarked (represented by zero morpheme ∅) and plural has two forms, as shown in

490-540: Is a highly endangered language , as there are only a handful of fluent speakers left. According to a 1997 report by the Menominee Historic Preservation Office, 39 people spoke Menominee as their first language , all of whom were elderly; 26 spoke it as their second language ; and 65 others had learned some of it for the purpose of understanding the language and/or teaching it to others. The Menominee Language & Culture Commission

560-665: Is generally much more pronounced in Menominee than in English. Bloomfield states there are five overarching categories in Menominee: noun, pronoun, negator, verb, and particle. Nouns, pronouns, negators, and verbs all take inflection whereas particles do not carry any morphology. Agreement morphology in Menominee can be fusional, e.g. animacy and number (nouns), are indicated within the same affix. All nouns are split into two categories and are inflected for animacy and are classified as either animate or inanimate. Animacy in Menominee

630-470: Is in the next-to-last syllable of a word. Most compounds and inflected forms are treated as single words in assigning stress. Rhetorical stress comes on the last syllable. In an interrogative sentence which uses a question word, there is a rising and then falling of pitch near the beginning and a drop at the end. In yes–no questions , there is a sharp rise in pitch at the end of the sentence. The modulations of pitch for expressing exclamations, quotations, etc.

700-637: Is likely the Mississippian culture tribe, the Oneota , lived in the area. The Oneota are believed to be the ancestors of the Winnebago or Ho-Chunk people; this has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Regardless, the Ho-Chunk dominated the area just as the French were first appearing in the St Lawrence area far to the east. The Illinois tribe was generally far to the south; the Menominee tribe

770-399: Is typically VC(C) or C(C)VC(C); syllables do not end in vowels. Any consonant can begin or end a syllable except ⟨h⟩ and ⟨q⟩ . The only clusters which can occur at the end of a syllable are ⟨qc⟩ and ⟨qs⟩ . The only cluster which can begin a syllable is ⟨kw⟩ . Primary stress occurs on every long vowel or diphthong that

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840-670: The College of Menominee Nation and University of Wisconsin–Green Bay . In 2012, the Catholic Diocese of Green Bay issued an apology to "a seventh-grader who was punished after using her native Menominee language in the classroom" in Shawano, Wisconsin . As of 2013, there are "six or seven people ... able to be conversational in the language," according to an article on the Menominee Place Names Map,

910-589: The De Tijd advertisements: the word “acres” was translated as akkers , meaning cultivated land. There was also not enough good land in Father Van den Broek's holdings for all the emigrants. There was a resort to drawing straws, with the winners naturally picking the best lots. Many of the others—led by Cornelis van de Heij, a farmer from Zeeland, and Father Godthard—left to form the village of Holland (usually referred to locally as “Hollandtown”) rather than buying

980-643: The Meskwaki (Fox) people, meant "dwellers of other shore" or "dwellers on the other side of the stream," referring to their historic habitation along the St. Lawrence River and south of the Great Lakes. They had occupied considerable territory in Wisconsin prior to colonization. Outagamie County was created in 1851 and organized in 1852. Prior to this it was under the jurisdiction of Brown County . According to

1050-575: The Oneota lived in the area. The Oneota are believed to be the ancestors of the Winnebago or Ho-Chunk tribe. A historical marker near Little Chute commemorates the Treaty of the Cedars , a treaty which ceded 4 million acres of Native American land to the US government. While sharing in the history of northeast Wisconsin , Little Chute has been influenced by two unique factors: the rapids and portages along

1120-420: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 645 square miles (1,670 km ), of which 638 square miles (1,650 km ) is land and 7.1 square miles (18 km ) (1.1%) is water. Outagamie County's government consists of an elected County Board of Supervisors, a County Executive, and 36 county agencies and departments. The county executive serves as its chief executive officer, participating in

1190-548: The United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 5.52 square miles (14.30 km), of which, 5.16 square miles (13.36 km) is land and 0.36 square miles (0.93 km) is water. Little Chute is the largest village in Outagamie County. As of the census of 2010, there were 10,449 people, 4,207 households, and 2,848 families residing in the village. The population density

1260-486: The 34th highest rate out of all 72 Wisconsin counties. Additionally, there were 136 reported induced abortions performed on women of Outagamie County residence in 2017. Outagamie County has voted for the Republican presidential candidate in 19 of the last 22 presidential elections. 44°25′N 88°28′W  /  44.41°N 88.46°W  / 44.41; -88.46 Menominee language The name of

1330-400: The 60,530 households, 36.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.90% were married couples living together, 7.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.30% were non-families. 24.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size

1400-629: The Dutch among them, although the canal system never proved to be a great success. In 1836, the Treaty of the Cedars was signed near Little Chute by the Menominee Indians, which ceded to The United States "Four million acres between the Fox, Wolf and Menominee Rivers". There is little evidence today of the earliest Native American communities in the area. Prior to the European exploration it

1470-743: The Fox River and the coming of Dutch -Catholic settlers in 1848. Prior to and during the early European settlement, the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway to the Mississippi River system was one of the most heavily traveled routes between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. Afterward canals and locks were built to circumvent these rapids. The actual construction of these features provided employment to settlers,

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1540-499: The Fox River at Green Bay in 1634 and set up a trading post. Explorers Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet passed through the area in 1673, following the canoe route to the Mississippi. As early as 1760, the families of Augustin and Charles Grignon, French Canadian Métis , established a fur trade post along the rapids. While French influence waned, it can still be seen in local place names, particularly waterways. Locally

1610-699: The Menomini lives'. Nouns can also be inflected for locality: Diminutives can be formed from any noun by suffixing -æshs . Agent nouns (i.e., nouns that mean one who does the action of the verb, such as worker from work , talker from talk , in English) are homonymous with the third person inflected verb. So, Menominee displays inflectional reference. Nouns, verbs, and objects are inflected to agree in gender, person, and number of their possessor, actor, or transitive verb, respectively. Intransitive verbs typically occur in two forms: one for animate actors,

1680-533: The Netherlands, with whole families and neighborhoods moving to join family and friends already established in Little Chute, Hollandtown, and the outlying farming communities. It is estimated that, by 1927, as many as 40,000 Dutch Roman Catholics had immigrated to the United States—an average rate of 10 per week for 80 years. While many headed for cities or individual farms across the country, Little Chute and

1750-711: The Netherlands. The non-profit organization Fox-Wisconsin Heritage Parkway is rehabilitating the Little Chute Lock Tender's House with volunteer labor and private donations. It will be restored to its 1930s character and will become a vacation rental. The house is on the National Register of Historic Places. Little Chute is located at 44°17′03″N 88°18′49″W  /  44.284087°N 88.313629°W  / 44.284087; -88.313629 (44.284087, −88.313629). According to

1820-482: The Roman Catholic paper, De Tijd (The Times) beginning in 1843. In the summer of 1847 Father Van den Broek went back to the Netherlands to settle his parents’ estate. The settlement was not very beneficial and he found himself nearly destitute. As St. John Nepomucene parishioners were significantly reduced after the Treaty of the Cedars, he used the trip as an opportunity to again write in De Tijd , advertising

1890-729: The St. Lawrence Valley, migrated first to southeastern Michigan. The Meskwaki (Renard in French) called themselves the Meshkwahkihaki and were also known as the Outagamie by the French. The Sac and Meskwaki were uprooted again by eastern tribes and began to arrive in the Fox River Valley in the late 17th century. The Sac and Fox eventually drove most of the Ho-Chunk from the area. When the first French settlers appeared, they named

1960-513: The State of Wisconsin for incorporation as the Village of Little Chute, which was formally granted on March 8, 1899. While there are several other Dutch American cities— Oostburg, Wisconsin ; Pella, Iowa ; Orange City, Iowa ; and Holland, Michigan —these were largely settled by Protestants . Little Chute and some surrounding area was largely settled by Catholics. By the early twentieth century it

2030-427: The age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in

2100-422: The age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.17. In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under

2170-463: The age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males. The median income for a household in the village was $ 49,500, and the median income for a family was $ 57,090. Males had a median income of $ 39,019 versus $ 24,579 for females. The per capita income for

Little Chute, Wisconsin - Misplaced Pages Continue

2240-495: The age of 49 to join other missionary priests at Cincinnati , Ohio . In 1834 he was ordered to Green Bay to an established Dominican mission. In Green Bay he met the Grignon family, and probably through this contact he went to La Petite Chute in 1836. There he built the first church for the Menominee Indians, St. John Nepomucene, one of several he would establish in the area. Father Van den Broek also met Morgan Lewis Martin , who

2310-432: The annual budget in consultation with and subject to the approval of the board of supervisors. County Executive Tom Nelson was first elected in 2011. As of the census of 2020 , the population was 190,705. The population density was 299.1 people per square mile (115.5 people/km ). There were 79,131 housing units at an average density of 124.1 units per square mile (47.9 units/km ). The racial makeup of

2380-672: The area although the British continued to maintain a presence until the end of the War of 1812 in 1814. In 1787, the area became part of the American Northwest Territory . In succession the area became part of Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , and finally, in 1836, Wisconsin Territories . Statehood was reached in 1848. The singular person in the establishment of Little Chute as a Catholic Dutch-American community

2450-559: The bridge at the Little Chute Lock and additional repairs on the Fox River Locks appear to be in question. While some homes are decorated with windmills and other symbols of Dutch culture , the use of the Dutch language and day-to-day culture has all but discontinued. A tradition from North Brabant, that happens every year in Little Chute is "De Schut" and is a copy of "Koningsschieten" in the province North Brabant in

2520-457: The canal and adjoining dam by 1856. Railways approached from the south and steamship lines were established on Lakes Michigan and Winnebago . The 16 feet of water head at La Petite Chute and other falls was used for mills, a practice that continues. Little Chute post office was established in 1849. In 1898 the fiftieth anniversary of the founding was commemorated and the surviving "48'ers" recognized. In 1898, residents of La Petite Chute petitioned

2590-460: The chance of economic improvement. There were also political pressures at the time that favored mass emigrations of Catholics. Typical passage to La Petite Chute included crossing the Atlantic from Rotterdam to New York City , a train trip from there to Albany , a train or Erie Canal -barge trip across New York state to Buffalo , steamship travel through the Great Lakes and Green Bay to

2660-403: The county was 86.0% White , 3.5% Asian , 1.6% Native American , 1.6% Black or African American , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.0% from other races , and 5.3% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 4.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 160,971 people, 60,530 households, and 42,189 families residing in the county. The population density

2730-434: The head of the Fox River at Green Bay and finally a 30-mile, ox-cart trip to the mission at La Petite Chute. The first group from Rotterdam arrived on May 22, 1848, led by a Franciscan missionary, Fr Adrianus D. Godthard. Father Van den Broek's group, held up by an ice jam on Lake Michigan , arrived on June 10, 1848. The emigrants discovered not plowed fields and a village but forested land, being somewhat misled by wording of

2800-417: The inflection of verbs to indicate the actor. The personal pronouns formed by these prefixes are as follows: Nouns and nearly all pronouns are inflected for singular and plural. Some nouns occur only as singulars, typically denoting liquids or other uncountable substances (e.g. kahpeːh , 'coffee'). The singular is often used for a representative meaning, e.g. ɛːsespemaːteset omɛːqnomeneːw , 'the way

2870-568: The late 19th century, it was settled by Dutch Catholic immigrants from North Brabant , led initially by the Dominican Missionary Theodore J. van den Broek from Uden . The town became an outpost of Dutch Catholic immigrants in the Midwest. Little Chute is home to a full-scale Dutch-style working windmill, which has become a tourist attraction. Prior to European exploration it is likely the Mississippian culture tribe,

Little Chute, Wisconsin - Misplaced Pages Continue

2940-484: The legislative process with the County Board of Supervisors and exercising administrative authority and control over the county's operations, departments, offices, boards, programs, and communications. Department heads are appointed by the county executive, subject to the approval of the board of supervisors. The county executive also appoints members to the county's boards and commissions. The county executive sets

3010-446: The low front vowel /æ/ , its rich negation morphology , and its lexicon . Some scholars (notably Bloomfield and Sapir ) have classified it as a Central Algonquian language based on its phonology . Good sources of information on the Menominee tribe and their language include Leonard Bloomfield 's 1928 bilingual text collection, his 1962 grammar (considered a landmark study), and Skinner's earlier anthropological work. Menominee

3080-760: The mission, the land at La Petite Chute and employment opportunities associated with the Fox River Canal, which included free passage to America for workers. The results were immediate and, by 1848, three wooden sailing vessels called "barks" or "barque" (small three-masted sailing ships), the Libra , the Maria Magdalena and the America , had been booked for passage to the east coast of the United States. Approximate 918 Dutch Catholic immigrants were on

3150-541: The northeast of the state. As of the 2020 Census , the population was 190,705. Its county seat is Appleton . Outagamie County is included in the Appleton, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Appleton- Neenah - Oshkosh , WI Combined Statistical Area . It was named for the historic Meskwaki (Fox) people. "Outagamie," a French transliteration of the Anishinaabe term for

3220-403: The other for inanimate actors: Transitive verbs can be used with either animate or inanimate actors. Transitive verbs contain inflectional reference both to their subject and to the object. One form of the verb exists for animate objects and another for inanimate objects: Impersonal verbs occur with no identifiable actor and in the singular inflection: The negator kan typically precedes

3290-604: The publication of modern dictionaries of the language in support of revitalization efforts. In 1977, Menominee High School, founded when "the Indians of the Menominee Reservation separated from the Shawano -Gresham School District to open their own district," began to offer Menominee language, drumming, and tribal dance in addition to its academic program. Classes in the Menominee language are available locally at preschool, high school and adult levels, and at

3360-416: The remainder of Father Van den Broek's land. There were other Europeans, mainly French and Irish emigrants, already established at La Petite Chute, now also known by its semi-anglicized name of “Little Chute.” A few Native Americans still lived in the area. Despite the hardships, including the death of Father Van den Broek in 1851, the village prospered. Waves of Catholic Dutch emigrants followed from all over

3430-501: The river after the Fox. The county which today includes Little Chute was to be named Outagamie. The series of rapids along the Fox River near Little Chute necessitated canoe portages. By the time the French settlement started in the early 18th century, the Sac had essentially set up toll stations along the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway, including the rapids at Little Chute. The French, outraged at the impact on trade, launched

3500-485: The south. Bus service is operated by Valley Transit . Appleton International Airport provides air service for Little Chute. The village of Little Chute is responsible for the maintaining of just over 53 miles of roadway. Little Chute has both a public and private school system: St. John's serves grades K–8, and public schools serve K–12. The superintendent of the Little Chute School District

3570-571: The surrounding area represented the largest concentration of Catholic immigrants. From the start, St. John Nepomucene Church served as a focal point, although other churches would soon spring up in the other communities. The first settlers would have devoted all energies to clearing land, planting, building small homes and barns, fencing and raising livestock. The private Fox River Canal was a failure. The State "Fox and Wisconsin Improvement Company" took over operations in 1850 and finished

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3640-593: The table below. These suffixes are attached directly to noun stems or to possessed themes. Examples below show singular and plural inflections of both animate and inanimate nouns: There are four personal prefixes used to modify nouns and in personal pronouns: Certain nouns occur only in possessed forms, typically referring to body parts or relatives, such as okiːqsemaw , 'son'; kese:t , 'your (s.) foot'; mese:t , 'someone's foot'. These affixes are used to indicate possession (e.g. neme:h 'my older sister'; neta:qsɛnem , 'my stone'). They are also used in

3710-438: The three boats. Most of the early emigrants were from villages near Uden , including Zeeland, Boekel , Mill, Oploo and Gemert . The Dutch economy of the era was stagnant and much of the motivation to emigrate was economic. The emigrants were not poor, as the cost of passage, expenses and land purchase in Wisconsin would have been substantial. They were not, however, affluent and many would have been risking most of their wealth on

3780-574: The three major rapids on the Fox were named “La Grand Kauklin” (near Grignon's trading post at present day Kaukauna ), “La Petite Chute” (present day Little Chute) and “La Grand Chute” (still the name of the adjoining township ). The French maintained a presence in the area until the end of the French and Indian War in 1763. The area switched to British control until the end of the Revolutionary War in 1781. The Americans nominally controlled

3850-443: The tribe, and the language, derived from Oma͞eqnomenew , comes from the word for ' wild rice '. The tribe has gathered and cultivated this native food as a staple for millennia. The Ojibwa , their neighbors to the north who are one of the Anishinaabe peoples and also speak an Algonquian language, also use this term for them. The main characteristics of Menominee, as compared to other Algonquian languages, are its extensive use of

3920-614: The verb, negator, personal and demonstrative pronouns, and auxiliary verbs: The indicative makes statements. In the first-person plural, it is used as a hortatory (first person plural imperative: kenawmaːciaq , 'let's set out' Menominee is one of the Algonquian languages , which are part of the larger family of Algic languages . Goddard (1996) and Mithun (1999) classify it with the Central and Plains Algonquian languages along with languages like Blackfoot , Arapaho , Cheyenne ,

3990-414: The verb: kan kemeːwanon , 'it is not raining'. The negator also inflects for certain elements of modal inflection: kasaq kemeːwanon , 'why, it isn't raining anymore!' It can be used alone to answer a yes–no question. The particle poːn is used to negate imperatives: poːn kasɛːhkehseh , 'don't be too late'. Bloomfield distinguishes five modes of the verb in Menominee, which are reflected in

4060-461: The village was $ 21,181. About 5.0% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over. The Tri-County Expressway ( Wisconsin Highway 441 ) runs on the west side of the village. Interstate 41 runs on the north side and links the village with Green Bay to the north and Appleton , Oshkosh , and Milwaukee to

4130-410: The village was 37 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 12.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 10,476 people, 3,878 households, and 2,803 families residing in the village. The population density

4200-450: Was 2,025.0 inhabitants per square mile (781.9/km). There were 4,376 housing units at an average density of 848.1 per square mile (327.5/km). The racial makeup of the village was 94.8% White , 0.7% African American , 0.7% Native American , 0.9% Asian , 1.5% from other races , and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.1% of the population. There were 4,207 households, of which 32.5% had children under

4270-475: Was 2,538.0 per square mile (979.9/km). There were 3,956 housing units at an average density of 958.4 per square mile (370.0/km). The racial makeup of the village was 96.96% White , 0.10% African American , 0.54% Native American , 0.77% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.85% from other races , and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.67% of the population. There were 3,878 households, out of which 38.3% had children under

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4340-543: Was 251 people per square mile (97 people/km ). There were 62,614 housing units at an average density of 98 units per square mile (38 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 93.87% White , 0.54% Black or African American , 1.54% Native American , 2.23% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.81% from other races , and 0.98% from two or more races. 1.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 47.7% were of German , 9.4% Dutch , 6.2% Irish and 5.2% American and French-Canadian ancestry. Of

4410-400: Was 3.14. By age, 27.70% of the population was under 18, 8.90% from 18 to 24, 31.90% from 25 to 44, 20.70% from 45 to 64, and 10.90% were 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 99.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.90 males. In 2017, there were 2,204 births, giving a general fertility rate of 64.0 births per 1000 women aged 15–44,

4480-646: Was a Dominican missionary: Father Theodore J. van den Broek . Born to wealthy parents in Amsterdam, Netherlands in June 1784, he had relatives in Uden , North Brabant , Netherlands and apparently spent time there as a youth. He was highly educated and fluent in six languages. He was ordained a priest in 1808 and joined the Dominican Order in 1817. After a period as a pastor in the Netherlands, he left in 1832 at

4550-439: Was common in the area among second and third generation even as late as World War II. The Dutch festival of Sinterklaas was celebrated as "St Nick’s Day" (December 6). This practice continues in many households today. St. John Nepomucene was the primary educational institution with the local public high school not opening until 1966. Little Chute celebrated the Dutch festival of Kermis annually from 1981 until 2015. The festival

4620-508: Was established by the Menominee Nation to promote the continued use of the language. In the 21st century, residents of the Menominee reservation at Keshena have held intensive classes for learners of all ages, and have worked with linguists from the University of Wisconsin–Madison to document the language and to develop curriculum and learning materials. A Menominee dictionary project, led by Monica Macaulay , has resulted in

4690-411: Was in charge of the local canal project. Father Van den Broek purchased land in the area which he later hoped to sell. In that same year, 1836, the Menominees signed the “ Treaty of the Cedars ” which required them to give up title to the local land and move beyond the Wolf River to the west. Father Van den Broek began to write letters about the area to groups in the Netherlands. The letters appeared in

4760-409: Was just to the north. The Ho-Chunk maintained reasonably good relations with both tribes, although there were several battles with the Illinois. While the French had yet to settle in the area, their presence to the east started a chain reaction of tribal migration. The Huron, Ottawa, Potawatomi, and other eastern tribes all had encounters with the Ho-Chunk. The Sauk and Meskwaki peoples, originally in

4830-464: Was reinstituted in 1981 after a long hiatus dating back to the early twentieth century, and is possibly the only such named event in the United States. St. John Nepomucene is a thriving parish with recent additions to the church and elementary school. Little Chute has a full-scale authentic working Dutch windmill operated by Little Chute Windmill, a non-profit organization. The Little Chute Windmill and Van Asten Visitor Center, completed in 2013, serves as

4900-401: Was the largest Catholic Dutch community in the United States. Little Chute remained a Dutch-speaking community—known locally as "speaking Hollander"—into the twentieth century. As late as 1898, church sermons and event announcements were in Dutch. Dutch newspapers continued in the area—mainly in De Pere by Catholic clergymen—were published up until World War I. Speaking Dutch as a first language

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