73-956: Mauldin can refer to: People [ edit ] Bill Mauldin (1921–2003), American editorial cartoonist Greg Mauldin (born 1982), American ice hockey player Joe B. Mauldin (1940–2015), American bass guitarist Bessie Lee Mauldin (1920–1983), American double bass player and Blue Grass Boy Lorenzo Mauldin (born 1992), American football player Michael Mauldin (producer) (born 1953), American media proprietor and record executive Michael Loren Mauldin (born 1959), American computer scientist William L. Mauldin (1845–1912), South Carolina politician and railroad executive Places [ edit ] Mauldin, Arkansas Mauldin, South Carolina Mauldin High School Other [ edit ] Mauldin v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , class action lawsuit Hryniak v Mauldin ,
146-503: A white flag in the negotiating tent. Angered, Cochise slashed his way from the tent and escaped. After further failed negotiations, Cochise took a member of the stage coach station hostage after an exchange of gunfire. With Bascom unwilling to exchange prisoners, Cochise and his party killed the members of a passing Mexican wagon train. The Apache killed and ritually mutilated nine Mexicans and took three whites captive but killed them later. They were unsuccessful in attempting an ambush of
219-627: A Butterfield Overland stagecoach. With negotiations between Cochise and Bascom at an impasse, Bascom sent for reinforcements. Cochise killed the remaining four captives from the Butterfield Station and abandoned negotiations. Upon the advice of military surgeon Bernard Irwin, Bascom hanged the Apache hostages in his custody. The retaliatory executions became known as the Bascom affair ; they initiated another eleven years of open warfare between
292-527: A collection of his cartoons interwoven with his observations of war, topped the best-seller list in 1945. After the war's end, the character of Willie was featured on the cover of Time magazine for the June 18, 1945, issue. Mauldin made the cover of the July 21, 1961, issue. After the war, Mauldin turned to drawing political cartoons expressing a generally civil libertarian view associated with groups such as
365-786: A fellow soldier-cartoonist, Gregor Duncan , and was assigned to escort him for a time. (Duncan was killed at Anzio in May 1944.) Mauldin was not without his detractors. His images—which often parodied the Army's spit-shine and obedience-to-orders-without-question policy—offended some officers. After a Mauldin cartoon ridiculed Third Army commander General George Patton 's decree that all soldiers be clean-shaven at all times—even in combat—Patton called Mauldin an "unpatriotic anarchist" and threatened to "throw [his] ass in jail" and ban Stars and Stripes from his command . General Dwight Eisenhower , Patton's superior, told Patton to leave Mauldin alone; he felt
438-510: A force of Jicarillas and Utes in northeastern New Mexico. A second massacre occurred in 1850, in which several mail carriers were killed. The U.S. Army became involved in 1853. The Army went on to fight at the Battle of Cieneguilla , a significant Apache victory, and later the Battle of Ojo Caliente Canyon , an American victory. In 1851, near the Pinos Altos mining camp, Mangas Coloradas
511-785: A historically black college. Many Apache died in the prisons. Later, Apache children were taken to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, where fifty of them died. Eventually, after 26 years, the Apache in Florida were released to return to the Southwest, but Geronimo was sent to Fort Sill , Oklahoma, where he died. Despite the surrender of Geronimo and his followers in 1886, Apache warriors continued warfare against Americans and Mexicans. U.S. forces went on search and destroy missions against
584-517: A leading Supreme Court of Canada case on when summary judgements are appropriate Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mauldin . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauldin&oldid=1169546321 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
657-616: A reservation in the Chiricahua Mountains . Soon afterward in 1874, Cochise died. In a change of policy, the U.S. government decided to move the Chiricahua to the San Carlos reservation in 1876. Half complied and the other half, led by Geronimo, escaped to Mexico. In the spring of 1877, the U.S. captured Geronimo and brought him to the San Carlos reservation. He stayed there until September 1881. As soldiers gathered near
730-829: A series of armed conflicts between the United States Army and various Apache tribal confederations fought in the southwest between 1849 and 1886, though minor hostilities continued until as late as 1924. After the Mexican–American War in 1846, the United States annexed conflicted territory from Mexico which was the home of both settlers and Apache tribes. Conflicts continued as American settlers came into traditional Apache lands to raise livestock and crops and to mine minerals. The U.S. Army established forts to fight Apache tribal war parties and force Apaches to move to designated Indian reservations created by
803-405: A standoff, during which 3 additional braves and a number of American soldiers and postmen were captured, the Apache retreated, believing they were being flanked , but in revenge for the continued holding of their people killed soldiers and postmen they had captured. The Americans in turn killed the 6 men they had captured, though they allowed the women and children to go free. In what became known as
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#1732783554615876-657: A substantial collection of cartoons by Mauldin. In April 2008, Fantagraphics Books released a two-volume set of Mauldin's complete wartime Willie and Joe cartoons, edited by Todd DePastino , titled Willie & Joe: The WWII Years ( ISBN 978-1-56097-838-1 ). A collection of post-war cartoons, Willie & Joe: Back Home , was published by Fantagraphics in August, 2011 ( ISBN 978-1-60699-351-4 ). From 1969 to 1998, cartoonist Charles M. Schulz (a veteran of World War II) regularly paid tribute to Bill Mauldin in his Peanuts comic strip on Veterans Day . In
949-470: A war correspondent, writing letters to the stateside Willie. He made cartoons of Willie and Joe together only in tributes to the "soldiers' generals": Omar Bradley and George C. Marshall , after their deaths; for a Life article on the "New Army"; and as a salute to the late cartoonist Milton Caniff . In 1962, Mauldin moved to the Chicago Sun-Times . One of his most famous post-war cartoons
1022-554: A white flag of truce to meet with Brigadier General Joseph Rodman West , an officer of the California militia. Again the Americans violated the neutrality of a white flag. The armed soldiers took him into custody, and West is reported to have ordered his sentries to execute the Apache tribal chief. That night Mangas was tortured and shot, as he was "trying to escape." The following day, soldiers cut off his head, boiled it and sent
1095-482: A young boy during a raid. Cochise professed truthfully that his tribe had not kidnapped the boy and offered to try and find him for the Americans, but the commander refused to believe him and instead took Cochise and his party hostage for the return of the boy. Cochise escaped, and a standoff developed as Cochise's tribe and allies surrounded the American forces, demanding the release of the rest of Cochise's party. After
1168-574: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bill Mauldin William Henry Mauldin ( / ˈ m ɔː l d ən / ; October 29, 1921 – January 22, 2003) was an American editorial cartoonist who won two Pulitzer Prizes for his work. He was most famous for his World War II cartoons depicting American soldiers, as represented by the archetypal characters Willie and Joe , two weary and bedraggled infantry troopers who stoically endure
1241-436: The 45th Infantry Division , was federalized just two days later. While in the 45th, Mauldin volunteered to work for the unit's newspaper, drawing cartoons about regular soldiers or " dogfaces ". Eventually he created two cartoon infantrymen, Willie and Joe, who represented the average American GI . During July 1943, Mauldin's cartoon work continued when, as a sergeant of the 45th Infantry Division's press corps, he landed with
1314-593: The 6th Cavalry Regiment describes a soldier's experiences during the Apache Wars in New Mexico: Dear Friend! I will now take and write to you a few lines, to let you know that I am yet alive, and doing well. I joint [sic] the Army in January, 86 and had a good fight with Geronimo and his Indians. I also had two hard fights, where i came very near getting killed, but i got true [sic] alright. I
1387-641: The American Civil Liberties Union . These were not well received by newspaper editors, who were hoping for apolitical cartoons. Mauldin's attempt to carry Willie and Joe into civilian life was also unsuccessful, as documented in his memoir Back Home in 1947. In 1951, he appeared with Audie Murphy in the John Huston film The Red Badge of Courage , and in Fred Zinnemann 's Teresa . In 1956, he ran unsuccessfully for
1460-541: The Bascom affair , three of the men killed were Cochise's brother and nephews, and Cochise gathered the Apache tribes and made war on the U.S. for vengeance, sparking the century-long conflict. The first U.S. Army campaigns specifically against the Apache began in 1849. At the start of the Mexican–American War in 1846, many Apache tribal chieftains promised American soldiers safe passage through their land, though other tribes fought in defense of Mexico and against
1533-516: The Battle of Tres Castillos in Chihuahua , Mexico. A lieutenant of Victorio's, Nana , continued the war. With fewer than 40 warriors Nana raided extensively in New Mexico from June to August 1881. Nana survived the raid and died of old age in 1896. In August 1881, a force of soldiers from Fort Apache Indian Reservation was sent to investigate recent reports of Apache unrest and to detain
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#17327835546151606-680: The Chicago Academy of Fine Arts where he studied political cartooning with Vaughn Shoemaker . While in Chicago , Mauldin met Will Lang Jr. and became fast friends with him. Lang Jr. later became a journalist and a bureau head for Life magazine. Shortly after returning to Phoenix in 1940, Mauldin enlisted in Company D, 120th Quartermaster Regiment, of the Arizona National Guard , at Phoenix, Arizona . His division,
1679-609: The Legion of Merit for his cartoons. Mauldin wanted Willie and Joe to be killed on the last day of combat, but Stars and Stripes dissuaded him. In 1945, at the age of 23, Mauldin won a Pulitzer Prize for his wartime body of work, exemplified by a cartoon depicting exhausted infantrymen slogging through the rain , its caption mocking a typical late-war headline: "Fresh, spirited American troops, flushed with victory, are bringing in thousands of hungry, ragged, battle-weary prisoners". The first civilian compilation of his work, Up Front ,
1752-681: The National Safety Council to illustrate its annual booklet on traffic safety. These pamphlets were regularly issued without copyright, but for this issue the council noted that Mauldin's cartoons were under copyright, although the rest of the pamphlet was not. In 1985, Mauldin won the Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism . Mauldin remained with the Sun-Times until his retirement in 1991. He
1825-630: The Nobel Prize for his novel Doctor Zhivago , but was not allowed to travel to Sweden to accept it. The following year Mauldin won the National Cartoonist Society Award for Editorial Cartooning. In 1961, he received their Reuben Award as well. In addition to cartooning, Mauldin worked as a freelance writer . He also illustrated many articles for Life magazine, The Saturday Evening Post , Sports Illustrated , and other publications. He brought back Joe as
1898-700: The Salt River . During the Cherry Creek campaign , Sergeant James T. Daniels of the 4th Cavalry, and Sergeant William McBryar of the 10th Cavalry, and Sergeant Y. B. Rowdy of the Apache Scouts are the last recipients of the Medal of Honor for actions during the Apache Wars. The last Apache raid into the United States occurred as late as 1924 when a war party of natives, who were later caught and arrested, stole some horses from Arizonan settlers. This
1971-649: The United States Congress as a Democrat in New York's 28th congressional district . Mauldin said about his run for Congress: I jumped in with both feet and campaigned for seven or eight months. I found myself stumping around up in these rural districts and my own background did hurt there. A farmer knows a farmer when he sees one. So when I was talking about their problems I was a very sincere candidate, but when they would ask me questions that had to do with foreign policy or national policy, obviously I
2044-434: The medicine man Nock-ay-det-klinne. The arrest of Nock-ay-det-klinne by three Native scouts was peaceful until they made their way back to camp. Upon arrival the camp on August 31, had already been surrounded by Nock-ay-det-klinne's followers. The Battle of Cibecue Creek began, and Nock-ay-det-klinne was killed. The following day, the Apache warriors attacked Fort Apache in reprisal for the death of Nock-ay-det-klinne. In
2117-760: The Americans closed the Butterfield Overland Stagecoach and Army troops departed, but those actions were related to the beginning of the Civil War. The United States military leadership decided to move against the Arizona Confederates in what the Union considered part of the New Mexico Territory by dispatching a column of Californian volunteers under Colonel James Henry Carleton . The California Column , as it
2190-485: The Front (1952) were based on Mauldin's Willie and Joe characters; however, when Mauldin's suggestions were ignored in favor of making a slapstick comedy, he returned his advising fee; he said he had never seen the result. Mauldin also appeared as an actor in the 1951 films The Red Badge of Courage and Teresa , and as himself in the 1998 documentary America in the '40s . He also appeared in on-screen interviews in
2263-480: The Rebels as well; Mescalero Apache attacked and captured a herd of livestock at Fort Davis on August 9, 1861, with the Apache killing two guards in the process. The Army sent out a patrol to try to retrieve the livestock, and the Apache killed them all. Mangas Coloradas and Cochise were joined in their campaign by the chief Juh and the notable warrior Geronimo . They thought that they had achieved some success when
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2336-507: The Texas panhandle and captured an encampment from which the inhabitants had fled. More than 1,000 Comanche , Kiowa and Plains Apache attacked. Carson took a position in an abandoned adobe building on top of a hill and repulsed several attacks. After a day of fighting, Carson retreated and the Indians permitted him to leave without opposition. Iron Shirt, a Plains Apache chief, was killed in
2409-642: The Thames documentary The World at War . Apache Wars Apacheria : Apache allies: [REDACTED] John Davidson [REDACTED] James H. Carleton [REDACTED] Kit Carson [REDACTED] Philip Cooke [REDACTED] John G. Walker [REDACTED] George Crook [REDACTED] George Jordan [REDACTED] Eugene Asa Carr [REDACTED] Philip Sheridan [REDACTED] Nelson A. Miles [REDACTED] Alfred Gibbs [REDACTED] Henry Lawton [REDACTED] James W. Watson The Apache Wars were
2482-655: The Tonto and Pinal. The war culminated with the Yavapai's removal from the Camp Verde Reservation to San Carlos on February 27, 1875, an event now known as Exodus Day. In 1871, a group of 6 white Americans, 48 Mexicans, and almost 100 Papago warriors attacked Camp Grant and massacred about 150 Apache men, women, and children. Campaigning against the Apache continued in the mid-1870s. The battles of Salt River Canyon and Turret Peak are prime examples of
2555-504: The U.S. in accordance with the Indian Removal Act . Some reservations were not on the traditional areas occupied by the Apache. In 1886, the U.S. Army put over 5,000 soldiers in the field to fight, which resulted in the surrender of Geronimo and 30 of his followers. This is generally considered the end of the Apache Wars, although conflicts continued between citizens and Apaches. The Confederate Army briefly participated in
2628-578: The battle. Six soldiers were killed; the army estimated that the Indians suffered 60 killed and wounded. The last battle between the U.S Military and the Apaches in Texas were both the Battle of Rattlesnake Springs and the Battle of Quitman Canyon , both taking place in the summer of 1880. The last well recorded Apache raid into Texas was the McLaurin Massacre of 1881, although Apache raids in
2701-471: The cartoons gave the soldiers an outlet for their frustrations. " Stars and Stripes is the soldiers' paper," he told him, "and we won't interfere." In a 1989 interview, Mauldin said, "I always admired Patton. Oh, sure, the stupid bastard was crazy. He was insane. He thought he was living in the Dark Ages. Soldiers were peasants to him. I didn't like that attitude, but I certainly respected his theories and
2774-775: The difficulties and dangers of duty in the field. His cartoons were popular with soldiers throughout Europe, and with civilians in the United States as well. However, his second Pulitzer Prize was for a cartoon published in 1958, and possibly his best-known cartoon was after the Kennedy assassination . Mauldin was born in Mountain Park , New Mexico , into a family with a tradition of military service. His father, Sidney Albert Mauldin (né Bissell, but adopted after being orphaned) served as an artilleryman in World War I . Bill's grandfather by way of his father's adoption, for whom Bill
2847-586: The division in the invasion of Sicily and later in the Italian campaign . Mauldin began working for Stars and Stripes , the American soldiers' newspaper; as well as the 45th Division News , until he was officially transferred to the Stars and Stripes in February 1944. Egbert White , editor of the Stars and Stripes , encouraged Mauldin to syndicate his cartoons and helped him find an agent. By March 1944, he
2920-673: The failure, and he resigned. He was replaced by Brigadier General Nelson Miles in April 1886. Miles deployed over two dozen heliograph points to coordinate 5,000 soldiers, 500 Apache Scouts, 100 Navajo Scouts , and thousands of civilian militia men against Geronimo and his 24 warriors. Lieutenant. Charles B. Gatewood and his Apache Scouts found Geronimo in Skeleton Canyon in September 1886 and persuaded them to surrender to Miles. An 1887 letter from Charles Winters from Troop D of
2993-552: The first day, and only three of my men returned. I was very sorry but it could not be helped. The Territory of New Mexico is a very nice place never no Winter and lots of Gold and Silver Mines all around but for all that it is a disagreeable place on account of so many Indians. I like it first rate and I think as soon as my five years are up I will go bak [sic] to Old New Jersey but not today. My name isn't Charley Winters no more since i shot that man at Jefferson Barracks when he tried to get away from me. My Captain at time told me to take
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3066-709: The honorary rank of first sergeant . Mauldin died on January 22, 2003, from Alzheimer's disease and complications of injuries received in an accidental bathtub scalding . He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery on January 29, 2003. Married three times, he was survived by seven children. On March 31, 2010, the United States Post Office released a first-class denomination ($ 0.44) postage stamp in Mauldin's honor depicting him with Willie & Joe. In June, 2000 Mauldin
3139-465: The influx of new settlers to New Mexico. When the United States claimed the frontier territories of Mexico in 1848, Mangas Coloradas signed a peace treaty, respecting the Americans as the conquerors of the Mexicans' land. However, as Tiller relates regarding the treaty signed at Santa Fe on April 2, 1851, "The Jicarillas were expected to comply with the terms of the treaty immediately, yet as far as
3212-403: The miners "... killed four Indians, wounded others, and captured thirteen women and children." The Apache quickly retaliated with raids against U.S. citizens and property. In early February 1861, a group of Coyotero Apaches stole cattle and kidnapped the stepson of the rancher John Ward near Sonoita, Arizona . Ward sought redress from the nearby American Army. Lieutenant George N. Bascom
3285-607: The name of his son who died and so my name since then is Charles H. Wood. I will now close and hope that you will soon write and let me know how you are getting along. Give my best regards to all and to yourself and oblige. The Army imprisoned Geronimo and many other Apache men, including some of the local Apache scouts, then they transported them to the East as prisoners of war. They held them at Fort Pickens and Fort Marion in Florida. Northerners vacationing in St. Augustine , where Fort Marion
3358-502: The new Mexicans were concerned, their part of the bargain would go into effect only after Congress had ratified it." The United States Congress never did ratify the treaty. An uneasy peace between the Apache and the Americans persisted until an influx of gold miners into the Santa Rita Mountains of present-day Arizona led to conflict. The Jicarilla War began in 1849 when a group of settlers were attacked and killed by
3431-624: The region. In the middle of July, Na-tio-tisha led his war-party up Cherry Creek to the Mogollon Rim , intending to reach General Springs, a well-known water hole on the Crook Trail. Noticing they were being trailed by a single troop of cavalry, the Apache lay an ambush seven miles north of General Springs, where a fork of East Clear Creek cuts a gorge into the Mogollon Rim. The Apaches hid on the far side and waited. The cavalry company
3504-707: The reservation at Fort Sumner . He enlisted Kit Carson , one-time friend of the Navajo , to round them up by destroying their crops and livestock, and forcing them on the Long Walk to Fort Sumner. On November 25, 1864, the Plains Apache fought in one of the largest battles of the American Indian Wars at the First Battle of Adobe Walls . Carson led an army of 400 soldiers and Ute scouts to
3577-670: The reservation, but local newspapers criticized him for being too lenient with the Apache; newspapers of the time demonized Geronimo. On May 17, 1885, Geronimo escaped again to Mexico. Geronimo and his party killed dozens of people during the Bear Valley Raid and similar attacks. In the spring of 1886, Crook went after Geronimo and caught up with him just over the Mexico border in March. Geronimo and his group fled, and Crook could not catch them. The War Department reprimanded Crook for
3650-437: The reservation, he feared being imprisoned for previous activities. He fled the reservation with 700 Apache and went to Mexico again. On April 19, 1882, Chiricahua chief Juh attacked the San Carlos reservation and forced Chief Loco to break out. During the hostilities, Juh's warriors killed the chief of police Albert D. Sterling, along with Sagotal, an Apache policeman. Juh led Loco and up to 700 other Apaches back to Mexico. In
3723-682: The reservation. Victorio was joined by other Apache, especially Mescalero, and his force may have reached a maximum of 200 warriors, an unusually large force of Apache. For 14 months, Victorio led a guerrilla war against the U.S. Army and white settlers in southern New Mexico, western Texas, and northern Mexico. He fought more than a dozen battles and skirmishes with the U.S. Army and raided several civilian settlements. Several thousand American and Mexican soldiers and Indian scouts pursued him, as he fled from one stronghold to another. Victorio and many of his followers met their end on October 14, 1880, when they were surrounded and killed by Mexican soldiers at
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#17327835546153796-589: The skull to the Smithsonian Institution . The mutilation of Coloradas' body increased the hostility of the Apache people against the United States. Carleton then decided to forcefully move the Navajo and Apache to reservations. Initially, he intended to make the Rio Grande valley safer for settlement and end the raids on travelers. He began by forcing various tribes of Mescalero and Navajo onto
3869-435: The small war parties, using tactics including solar signaling , wire telegraph , joint American and Mexican intelligence sharing, allied Indian Scouts , and local quick reaction posse groups. The U.S. Cavalry had several expeditions against the Apache after 1886. During one of them, 10th Cavalry and 4th Cavalry forces under First Lieutenant James W. Watson pursued mounted Apache warriors north of Globe, Arizona , along
3942-440: The spring of 1882, the warrior Na-tio-tisha lead a party of about 60 White Mountain Apache warriors. In early July they ambushed and killed four San Carlos policemen, including the police chief. After the ambush, Na-tio-tisha led his war-party northwest through the Tonto Basin . Local Arizona settlers were greatly alarmed and demanded protection from the U.S. Army. It sent out fourteen companies of U.S. Cavalry from forts across
4015-500: The spring of 1883, General George Crook was put in charge of the Arizona and New Mexico Indian reservations. With 200 Apache Scouts , he journeyed to Mexico, found Geronimo's camp, and with Tom Horn as his interpreter, persuaded Geronimo and his people to return to the San Carlos reservation. Chiefs Bonito, Loco, and Nana came with Crook at the time. Juh remained in Mexico where he died accidentally in November. Geronimo did not come until February 1884. Crook instituted several reforms on
4088-434: The state were believed to have happened until 1882. The Yavapai Wars , or the Tonto Wars, were a series of armed conflicts between the Yavapai and Tonto tribes against the U.S. in Arizona. The period began no later than 1861, with the arrival of American settlers on Yavapai and Tonto land. At the time, the Yavapai were considered a tribe of the Western Apache people because of their close relationship with tribes such as
4161-493: The strips, Snoopy , dressed as an army vet, would annually go to Mauldin's house to "quaff a few root beers and tell war stories." By the end of the strip, Schulz had depicted 17 of Snoopy's visits. Schulz went so far as to include Willie and Joe in a 1998 strip, using a picture of the characters that had been copied out of a 1944 Mauldin panel. Peanuts also paid tribute to Rosie the Riveter in 1976, and Ernie Pyle in 1997 and 1999. The films Up Front (1951) and Back at
4234-409: The techniques he used to get his men out of their foxholes." Mauldin's cartoons made him a hero to the common soldier. GIs often credited him with helping them to get through the rigors of the war. His credibility with the troops increased in September 1943, when he was wounded in the shoulder by a German mortar while visiting a machine gun crew near Monte Cassino . By the end of the war, he received
4307-470: The varying groups of Apache and the United States settlers, the U.S. Army and the Confederate Army . After the American Civil War began in April 1861, Mangas Coloradas and Cochise, his son-in-law, struck an alliance, agreeing to drive all Americans and Mexicans out of Apache territory. Their campaigns against the Confederates were the battles of Tubac , Cookes Canyon , Florida Mountains , Pinos Altos and Dragoon Springs . Other Apache war parties fought
4380-474: The violence in the Arizona region. Soldiers and civilians, especially from Tucson , frequently pursued various Apache tribal war parties, trying to end their raids. In 1879, the veteran Chiricahua war chief Victorio and his followers were facing forced removal from their homeland and reservation at Ojo Caliente, New Mexico and transfer to San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona. On August 21, 1879, Victorio, 80 warriors, and their women and children fled
4453-537: The wars during the early 1860s in Texas , before being diverted to action in the American Civil War in New Mexico and Arizona . Historically, the Apache had raided enemy tribes and sometimes each other, for livestock, food or captives. They raided with small parties, for a specific purpose. The Apache only rarely united to gather armies of hundreds of men, using all tribal male members of warrior age. The Apache Wars were sparked when American troops erroneously accused Apache leader Cochise and his tribe of kidnapping
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#17327835546154526-423: Was attacked by a group of miners; they tied him to a tree and severely beat him. Similar incidents continued in violation of the treaty, leading to Apache reprisals against European Americans. In December 1860, thirty miners launched a surprise attack on an encampment of Bedonkohe on the west bank of the Mimbres River in retaliation for the theft of numerous livestock. According to the historian Edwin R. Sweeney,
4599-525: Was dispatched, and Ward accompanied the detail. Bascom set out to meet with Cochise near Apache Pass and the Butterfield Overland Stagecoach station to secure the cattle and Ward's son. Bascom started on the wrong foot by lying to Cochise about his purposes and intents, Cochise was unaware of the incident, but he offered to seek those responsible. Dissatisfied, Bascom accused Cochise of having been involved. He took Cochise and his group of family members, including his wife and children, under arrest while under
4672-461: Was given his own jeep, in which he roamed the front, collecting material. He published six cartoons a week. His cartoons were viewed by soldiers throughout Europe during World War II , and were also published in the United States. The War Office supported their syndication, not only because they helped publicize the ground forces but also to show the grim side of war, which helped show that victory would not be easy. While in Europe, Mauldin befriended
4745-436: Was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame on May 19, 1991. On September 19, 2001, Sergeant Major of the Army Jack L. Tilley presented Mauldin with a personal letter from Army Chief of Staff General Eric K. Shinseki , and a hardbound book with notes from other senior Army leaders and several celebrities, including TV broadcasters Walter Cronkite and Tom Brokaw , and actor Tom Hanks . Tilley also promoted Mauldin to
4818-471: Was inducted into the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame. In 2005, Mauldin was inducted into the Oklahoma Cartoonists Hall of Fame in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma , by Michael Vance. The Oklahoma Cartoonists Collection, created by Vance, is located in the Toy and Action Figure Museum. The 45th Infantry Division Museum, located in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma, includes a substantial collection of cartoons by Mauldin. The Pritzker Military Museum & Library includes
4891-524: Was known, followed the old Butterfield Overland Trail east. In 1862 the troops encountered Mangas Coloradas and Cochise's followers near the site of the spring in Apache Pass. In the Battle of Apache Pass , soldiers shot and wounded Mangas Coloradas in the chest. While recuperating, he met with an intermediary to call for peace with the United States. In January 1863, Coloradas agreed to meet with U.S. military leaders at Fort McLane , near present-day Hurley in southwestern New Mexico . Coloradas arrived under
4964-420: Was led by Captain Adna Chaffee . The chief scout, Al Sieber , discovered the Apache trap and warned the troops. During the night, Chaffee's lone company was reinforced by four more from Fort Apache under the command of Major A.W. Evans. Then they were ready to begin the Battle of Big Dry Wash . After two decades of guerrilla warfare, Cochise chose to make peace with the U.S. He agreed to relocate his people to
5037-417: Was located, included teachers and missionaries, who became interested in the Apache prisoners. Volunteers participated in teaching the Apache to speak and write English, about Christian religion and elements of American culture. Many citizens raised funds to send nearly 20 of the younger male prisoners to college after they were released from detainment. Most attended Hampton Agricultural and Industrial School ,
5110-400: Was made Corporal when i first enlisted, but have now got high enough to be in Charge of Troop D. 6th U.S. Cavalry and it requires a good man for to get that office, and that is more than i expected. Charley White from Cranbury came out with me and got in the same Troop with me, and I sent him with twenty more men out on a Scout after Indians and Charley was lucky enough to be shot down by Indians
5183-411: Was named, had been a civilian scout in the Apache Wars . After his parents' divorce, Bill and his older brother Sidney moved to Phoenix, Arizona in 1937 and attended Phoenix Union High School . It was there that he began his career in editorial journalism—writing for PUHS's Coyote Journal . Bill did not graduate with his class (he was later granted a diploma in 1945) and in 1939 he took courses at
5256-535: Was pretty far to the left of the mainstream up there. Again, I'm an old Truman Democrat, I'm not that far left, but by their lives I was pretty far left. In 1959, Mauldin won a second Pulitzer Prize, while working at the St. Louis Post-Dispatch , for a cartoon depicting Soviet author Boris Pasternak in a Gulag , asking another prisoner, "I won the Nobel Prize for literature. What was your crime?" Pasternak had won
5329-537: Was published in 1963, following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy . It depicted the statue of Abraham Lincoln at the Lincoln Memorial , with his head in his hands. On 7 February 1965, while visiting his son who was serving with the U.S. Army at Camp Holloway , South Vietnam Mauldin was present for the Vietcong Attack on Camp Holloway . In 1969, Mauldin was commissioned by
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