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77-894: The Magdalo Group was a group of dissident soldiers who staged the unsuccessful Oakwood mutiny . Made up of junior officers of all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), the group took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Center in Makati and demanded the resignation of senior officers in the AFP and members of the Arroyo government, including the President herself. The group called themselves " Bagong Katipuneros " ( Filipino , "New Katipuneros "), but

154-602: A Cebu Pacific flight for Manila and were monitored to have proceeded to Virramall Shopping Center in Greenhills, San Juan . On the same day several Scout Rangers were also reported surveying the Makati business district. Moreover, a group of Scout Rangers and members of the Philippine Marines boarded Superferry 2 from Zamboanga City for Manila via Iloilo City . The troop movement was being monitored and it

231-544: A "Blood Compact" ritual among the RAM recruits on June 12, 2003, in a safehouse located in San Juan , Metro Manila , allegedly presided over by Gregorio Honasan . In the meeting, Honasan discussed his NRP agenda and “ The Last Revolution ”, concluding that "the only means to achieve that platform or vision is through the use of force, violence, or armed struggle" . The bloodletting rite was administered to those who membership in

308-1062: A Member of the Institut de Droit International; and has written and published on various aspects of international business law and public international law. After his term as member of the WTO Appellate Body, he was appointed as chairperson of an investigatory commission into the 2003 Oakwood mutiny, which became known as the Feliciano Commission. He also served as member of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal from 2002 until his death in 2015. Law and Minimum World Public Order: The Legal Regulation of International Coercion (Yale University Press, 1961). (co-author with Myres McDougall) The International Law of War : Transnational Coercion and World Public Order (co-author with Myres McDougall) Deconstruction of Constitutional Limitations and

385-590: A company named Car Option Sales, Inc. One bus was later found in Oakwood while another was abandoned in Binakayan, Cavite . There is also evidence that some communications equipment used by the rebel soldiers were of the same specifications as those proposed to be acquired under the AFP Modernization Act . It was established that such equipment was not taken from any known or existing inventory of

462-661: A full alert status for the PNP National Headquarters in Camp Crame , effective 6:00 pm on July 22, 2003. There was also an order to reinforce the guards at Camp Crame. It further appears that the intelligence community had been receiving reports that Honasan had been holding sessions with the members of the Magdalo group in Metro Manila and Sangley Point , Cavite . Information on these sessions

539-585: A male customer went to the International Flag House (IFH) in Manila and placed a job order for 100 pieces each of Philippine flags and Aguinaldo flags (i.e., displaying the Magdalo symbol). He deposited P1,000.00 for the job order, the total cost of which was P24,000.00. The customer wrote his name on Job Order 2186 as Armand Pontejos and his telephone number as 456-3222. Subsequent additional orders were placed for more flags, which orders raised

616-532: A member of PMA '95, called his classmate Trillanes to ask him about the veracity of reports that the latter was a leader of a rebel group moving to destabilize the government. Trillanes said he was surprised to hear such report and later confided to Magdangal, after several exchanges of text and cellular phone messages, that he was in fact receiving death threats over the phone. Trillanes then asked Magdangal if he could meet Arroyo in Malacañang on July 13 to clarify

693-421: A presidential pardon in 2008 upon their admission of guilt. They were discharged from military service after pleading guilty on the military tribunal . According to the report of the post-mortem Fact Finding Commission chaired by Florentino P. Feliciano , a retired Supreme Court justice, "the incidents leading to the mutiny were not spontaneous, but a mere alternative plan to an overarching plot to overthrow

770-548: A public statement. The ABS-CBN News (ANC) network showed a live TV coverage of the prepared statement read by Gambala. In the statement, the rebels declared their withdrawal of support from the chain of command and presented their grievances against the Arroyo government. They demanded the resignation of the Arroyo administration leaders and endorsed the NRP as the solution to the problems of the Philippines. Also at dawn, Alex Benasin,

847-487: A rebellion. Through the efforts of their classmates in the PSG and Abaya, the dinner with Arroyo took place. Members of PMA ‘94 and ’95 were invited to the occasion for "pure socializing" through text messages that originated from Magdangal. The class officers, expecting to have a “dialogue” with Arroyo that night regarding the issues in the AFP that they would like to raise, got frustrated as all Air Force Capt. Segundino Orfiano

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924-587: A report from various intelligence sources that the plot being watched involved plans to temporarily reinstate deposed President Estrada. On July 12, the intelligence group informed President Arroyo about persistent reports of rebel recruitment activities in the AFP and the Philippine National Police (PNP), particularly in Mindanao, Central Luzon, and Metro Manila. The Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (J2), MGen. Pedro Cabuay , presented

1001-746: A resident of the Baseco compound at the Port Area , was busy recruiting residents of the compound to go to Oakwood for a consideration of P300.00 each. Later, at about 8:30 am, members of the PGBI carrying banners of the NRP were seen in the Makati area but they were prevented by the PNP from reaching and camping in the vicinity of Oakwood. Pro-Estrada rallyists headed towards the People Power Monument on EDSA were also dispersed by police stationed in

1078-594: A summary of what was taken up at NICA the previous day. Considering its highly sensitive nature, the information was kept within a small group. Apart from the top officers of the AFP and the PNP, only a small number of Cabinet members attended. Recruitment efforts were noted to be most intense in the 1st Scout Ranger Regiment and Special Forces Regiment of the Special Operations Command , the Philippine Navy (SWAG) , Fort Bonifacio Units,

1155-570: Is apparently a plan by the government to hold the MILF responsible for AFP-backed bombings in urban areas in Mindanao". President Arroyo denied having issued the first memorandum, and Ermita denounced the second document as being spurious and fabricated. The meeting on the night of June 12 was reportedly attended by top RAM officers including Honasan and retired Navy Capt. Felix Turingan, and the rebel leaders Trillanes, Gambala, and other junior officers. The group planned to attack high impact targets such as

1232-1059: The Buliok Complex at the Liguasan Marsh area in North Cotabato . Secretary Eduardo Ermita of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (OPAPP) purportedly signed the other document entitled "The President' s Four-Point Policy Framework in Addressing the Southern Philippines Secessionist/ MILF Problem", allegedly pursuant to the February 11 Presidential Memorandum of Instructions. This latter document purports to show that "there

1309-468: The DND Secretary purportedly issued by the president and the “ Oplan Greenbase ” attributed to Ermita were reported to have been disseminated to bolster the recruitment effort. Troop movements actually occurred two days before the Oakwood incident. Some 47 marines, carrying firearms were sighted coming from Ternate , Cavite . In the early morning of July 25, Some 28 Scout Ranger personnel boarded

1386-680: The Flag Officer-in-Command (FOIC) , Vice Admiral Ernesto de Leon , to detain him at the Naval Intelligence and Security Force (NISF) in Fort Bonifacio. In this connection, Magdangal, testified that, to the contrary, the conversation between Arroyo and Trillanes was cordial. The President’s parting shot was "Trillanes, you are a young, very bright and very idealistic officer. Huwag mong gayahin si Honasan at si Cardeño". The meeting lasted for about an hour. In

1463-614: The Joseph Estrada plunder case, and the military's purported need to rectify the supposed errors brought about by the consequence of EDSA 2 . It was during this meeting that Army Maj. Perfecto Ragil, a member of the AFP Electronics and Information Systems Services assigned to Malacañang Palace , was tasked by Marine Capt. Gary Alejano to disable the palace's telephone system on "D-Day". Based on intelligence reports, two documents of dubious origin were distributed during

1540-623: The Magdalo faction during the Philippine Revolution , despite the group officially calling themselves " Bagong Katipuneros " ( transl.  New Katipuneros ). The mutiny ended after the government successfully negotiated with the group. Several prominent participants of the mutiny, including Trillanes and Gambala, were later charged. An official investigation was launched afterwards. A final report released in October of

1617-670: The Mandaluyong City police started the deployment of at least one hundred forty (140) personnel at the Poveda, Connecticut, and Ortigas areas. Later at 3:00 pm, intelligence reports indicated a change of instructions to the rallyists manning the EDSA Shrine. The anti-government groups were advised to assemble at the EDSA Shrine at 6:00 am on July 27 instead. At about 7:00 pm of July 26, Maj. Gen. Efren L. Abu , Vice Commander PA and Commander of TF Libra, visited

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1694-685: The People's Movement Against Poverty (PMAP) and DEMOKRASYA had been instructed to assemble at the EDSA Shrine at 4:00 pm on July 27 and hold an overnight vigil there before proceeding to the Batasan area to hold anti-government rallies during the SONA. Invitations by the "anti-PGMA" group members to civilians to join the coup to be staged on July 27 were made through cellphone text messages. Among those who were recruited were past and present members of

1771-596: The Philippine Army ’s Light Armor Brigade (LABDE) and the Anti-Crime Task Force (ACTAF) . Most of those who were approached were junior officers from the PMA classes of ’95 thru ’99. Considering the situation as having developed into a crisis, the President immediately designated Golez as crisis manager. An action plan was approved which consisted of pre-emptive measures employing persuasion efforts on

1848-764: The Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM), constituted by maverick junior officers and discontented enlisted personnel . These reports were submitted to Brig. Gen. Victor Corpus , confirmed by a later investigation that secret meetings were taking place among the insurgents; being held in Metro Manila , Central Luzon , and Mindanao . Meetings reportedly took place in the Robinson's Galleria Suites in Mandaluyong , Metro Manila on June 4, 2003, and

1925-587: The "Magdalo" group. To carry out the bloodletting rite, Honasan provided special knives and showed the participants how to inscribe the letter “ᜃ” ( Unicode 1703) or "Ka" of the Old Tagalog alphabet under their left upper arms. In the June 12 meeting in San Juan, the following topics were discussed: the peace and order situation, the national economy, the alleged illegitimacy of the Arroyo administration,

2002-428: The 80th Infantry Battalion. By this time, TF Libra was already at its full strength. An hour later, Arroyo went on air and ordered the arrest of the junior officers who had deserted their posts. A conference presided over by Abaya was held at about 9:00 pm to assess the intelligence situation. Abu gave an update on the forces composition of TF Libra. The PNP report on troop movement by Marines from Ternate, Cavite to

2079-428: The AFP and counter-intelligence specialists. SMC Alpha is composed of representatives from various intelligence bodies, and is mandated to monitor domestic threats, particularly destabilization plots against the government, and to recommend appropriate counterintelligence measures. Its task is to prevent mass mobilizations from turning into a situation similar to the attempted siege of Malacañang Palace on May 1, 2001, by

2156-506: The AFP. The Magdalo group, it appears, targeted Oakwood as the site for the execution of "Plan Charlie". On July 19, Gambala checked in at Oakwood under the name of George Uy, coincidentally the same name as SOUTHCOM Admiral George Uy. A cash deposit of P48,800.00 for room rental from July 19 to 28, 2003 was paid by someone calling herself Tina Uy Angeles, who made the reservation. From July 21 to 23, unauthorized troop movements apparently bound for Manila had been monitored upon validation of

2233-858: The Ad Hoc Committee on the Application for Annulment of Mr Saufraki (June 5, 2007) Soufraki v. United Arab Emirates, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/7 (Italy/United Arab Emirates BIT), Rectification of the Annulment Decision (August 13, 2007) SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/13 (Swiss Confederation/Pakistan BIT), Procedural Order No. 2 (October 16, 2002) ADF Group Inc. v United States, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/00/1, Award Azpetrol International Holdings B.V., Azpetrol Group B.V. and Azpetrol Oil Services Group B.V. v. The Republic of Azerbaijan, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/15 (ECT), Award Feliciano

2310-573: The DIABLO and Philippine Guardians Brotherhood, Inc. (PGBI). Police Chief Inspector Leborio Jangao , one of the founding members of PGBI, stated he received cellphone text messages on July 26 informing him that a coup d'état would be staged on July 27. At this time the crime disturbance personnel of the PNP had already been instructed to secure the EDSA Shrine, the Connecticut Street area, and

2387-470: The Dasmariñas Village. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) agents were also dispatched to monitor this development. The Oakwood siege had been facilitated by earlier activities as seen in the foregoing account. The antecedents show that the rebellion was not a spontaneous phenomenon as extensive preparations and mobilization activities were undertaken prior to the occupation and control of

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2464-656: The House of Representatives. Oakwood mutiny On July 27, 2003, the Oakwood mutiny was staged by a group of about 300 armed defectors from the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine National Police (PNP) led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. Senior Grade Antonio Trillanes IV against the Arroyo administration . The group forcibly seized and occupied Oakwood Premier in Glorietta , Makati for almost 20 hours. They expressed grievances against

2541-687: The Makati area. An additional 100 Special Action Force (SAF) personnel of the PNP were then sent to secure the Batasan complex. In addition, one PA platoon and a PNP contingent reinforced the security forces of TV stations and telecommunications facilities. Also on July 26, Naval Base personnel in Cavite received a report that three suspicious-looking vehicles were parked at the back of the Naval Sea Systems Command Armory in Fort San Felipe , Cavite City . Following

2618-508: The Malacañang Palace, Ninoy Aquino International Airport , Fort Bonifacio , Camp Crame , Villamor Air Base , Camp Aguinaldo , and all television and radio stations in Metro Manila. The plotters underwent the ritual earlier described as bloodletting, which they termed "dinuguan". Apart from the gripe sessions and bloodletting rites, the Magdalo group’s preparations included the acquisition of rebel paraphernalia. On June 4, 2003,

2695-637: The North or to Manila was confirmed by Cavite PNP Provincial Director Police Senior Superintendent Roberto L. Rosales and Marine Commandant, Maj. Gen. Emmanuel Teodosio . The advancing Marines were able to avoid checkpoints on their way to Makati by evasive movements. The PAF civil disturbance contingent earlier deployed at the Batasan area and the PN contingent at the VMMC, both in Quezon City, were then redeployed to

2772-497: The Oakwood Apartments. The rebels took over Oakwood at past 1:00 am of July 27. Over 300 soldiers quietly entered the premises of Ayala Center in several groups. The soldiers disarmed the security guards and took over Oakwood. They planted claymore mines around the building and in the vicinity. Snipers were posted at the Oakwood roof deck. Two government command groups were immediately dispatched after reports of

2849-601: The Ortigas Avenue Extension area from rallyists. There were reports the EDSA Shrine would be the target where another EDSA 2 or EDSA 3 would be staged. Early on Friday night of July 25, the 80th Infantry Battalion based in Camp Capinpin was ordered to augment TF Libra. The mission of the TF Libra included the securing of vital communications installations such as radio and TV stations. It assisted

2926-493: The PNP in securing the EDSA Shrine and containing civilian groups in the area. The first elements of the joint TF Libra arrived in Camp Aguinaldo at about 11:00 pm. For his part, Ebdane declared a full alert status nationwide, effective on 12:00 noon on July 26, as a contingency measure. All PNP field commanders were directed to secure vital installations and key establishments. At around 2:00 pm of July 26,

3003-732: The Philippine press continued referring to them as the Magdalo Group. On August 30, 2007, the Philippine National Police went on alert against an alleged Magdalo recruitment try in Bicol , targeting the Army's 9th Infantry Division. The effort was supposedly related to alleged destabilization efforts planned for the forthcoming promulgation by the Sandiganbayan on the plunder case against former President Joseph Estrada . After

3080-578: The Philippines v. National Labor Relations Commission, 273 Phil. 390 (1991) Broadway Centrum Condominium Corp. v. Tropical Hut Food Market, Inc., G.R. No. 79642, July 5, 1993. Occidental Petroleum Corporation and Occidental Exploration and Production Company v. The Republic of Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/11, Decision on the Request to Modify the Decision on the Stay of Enforcement of the Award (September 23, 2014) Occidental Petroleum Corporation and Occidental Exploration and Production Company v. The Republic of Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/11, Decision on

3157-435: The SMC Alpha took place on July 18 to ensure that the action plans agreed upon were already in place and being implemented. Having received reports about the troop movements, PNP Chief, Director General Hermogenes Ebdane, Jr. issued a directive to all field commanders to coordinate with AFP units and investigate any unauthorized movements and other groupings. He also ordered all PNP personnel to be accounted for, and declared

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3234-616: The Stay of Enforcement of the Award (September 30, 2013) Occidental Petroleum Corporation and Occidental Exploration and Production Company v. The Republic of Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/11, Procedural Order No. 1 (April 10, 2013) Daimler Financial Services v. Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/1, Decision on Annulment (January 7, 2015) SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/13 (Swiss Confederation/Pakistan BIT), Jurisdiction (August 6, 2003) Soufraki v. United Arab Emirates, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/7 (Italy/United Arab Emirates BIT), Decision of

3311-407: The Supreme Court, Feliciano was managing partner of the law firm Sycip Salazar Hernandez Gatmaitan, where he worked from 1962 to 1986. An expert in international and commercial law, he was part of the Faculties of Law of the University of the Philippines and of Yale University. He has lectured at The Hague Academy of International Law and served as a Member of the Curatorium of the Academy. He was also

3388-635: The Tariff Regime of the Philippines: The Strange Persistence of a Martial Law Syndrome (sole author). Philippine Law Journal, Vol. 84, No. 2, p. 311. Bulletin Publishing Corp. v. Noel, 249 Phil. 254 (1988) Cochingyan, Jr. v. R & B Surety and Insurance Co., Inc., 235 Phil. 332 (1987) Busuego v. Court of Appeals, 235 Phil. 375 (1987) Tamargo v. Court of Appeals, 285 Phil. 72 (1992) Sesbreño v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 89252, May 24, 1993 Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Corp. v. National Labor Relations Commission, 321 Phil. 372 (1995) Garcia v. Executive Secretary, 286 Phil. 322 (1992) Boy Scouts of

3465-431: The administration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, members of the Magdalo group shifted towards civic work. The Samahang Magdalo is a civilian volunteer group launched by the Magdalo Group in 2008. The group uses social networking websites such as Friendster and Facebook to recruit supporters across the Philippines. The Samahang Magdalo established the Magdalo Party-List and sought party-list representation in

3542-409: The area. It was reported that more pro-Estrada followers actively recruited people from various Metro Manila locations to regroup in the EDSA Shrine. Members of the PMAP marched in the direction of Makati from Greenhills. After 9:00 am of July 27, Arroyo gave the rebel soldiers a 5:00 pm deadline to give up their positions peacefully and return to barracks. At around 1:00 pm, she declared

3619-467: The counter-coup composite unit of the AFP, was set in motion. The action forces were immediately dispatched in anticipation of the rumored coup . A week earlier, a meeting of the leaders of "anti-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo" (PGMA) groups allegedly to discuss pre-SONA activities at the Danarra Hotel in Quezon City was monitored by Government intelligence. On July 25, 2003, intelligence reports were received that some so-called "anti-PGMA" groups like

3696-488: The dissemination and discussion of copies of the "National Recovery Program" (NRP) authored by Col. Gregorio Honasan (retired), and a document entitled "The Last Revolution". Bloodletting meetings and the taking of an "Oath of Loyalty" by the recruits were conducted. The purchase of flags, armbands, uniforms, backpacks and other rebel paraphernalia, including telecommunications equipment and vehicles were also taking place. A photograph taken in one of these meetings, which

3773-434: The early morning of July 26, the 10 suspected leaders declared unaccounted for by the AFP were identified as Trillanes, Layug, Gambala, Maestrecampo, and army officers Capt. Lawrence Louis Somera , Capt. Albert Baloloy , 1st Lt. Lawrence San Juan , 1st Lt. Florentino Somera , 1st Lt. Jose Enrico Demetrio Dingle , and 1st Lt. Waren Lee Dagupon . At 5:00 am, emergency meetings were held by Abaya, Golez, and Garcia with

3850-423: The effort to neutralize the mutiny. Arroyo took this opportunity to visit with the members of the FSRR, which at that time was reported to have been significantly infiltrated by suspected rebels. She also visited on July 25 the Marine Training Camp in Ternate, Cavite , the PAF 15th Strike Wing , and the SWAG in Sangley Point , Cavite . Abaya made rounds of other units where restiveness had been reported. In

3927-406: The evening of July 23, 2003, about 100 members of PMA '94 and '95 had dinner and a "photo opportunity" with President Arroyo in Malacañang Palace. A few days before the dinner, Chief of Staff , AFP (CSAFP) General Narciso Abaya held separate meetings with the officers of the two classes. He was informed of their sentiments, particularly that they were being unjustly dragged into the alleged plan for

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4004-421: The existence of a “ State of Rebellion ” and issued an order to use reasonable force, and pay due regard to constitutional rights, in putting down the rebellion. The rebel soldiers held another public airing of their grievances at around 4:20 pm. By that time, 25 rebel soldiers had surrendered to the TF Libra in two batches, as revealed by the Government command stationed outside of Oakwood. The announcement of

4081-458: The general staff and senior officers to discuss the reports on the missing officers and the reported destabilization plot. At around 10:00 am, Arroyo and Corpuz met with a group of NGOs at the EDSA Shrine. Corpuz announced that certain units from Tanay were missing. At 2:00 pm, a meeting was held by the same group with House Speaker Jose de Venecia and the House Committee Chairman for Defense and Security, Prospero Pichay , to discuss

4158-462: The government". The finding disproved the initial claim made by Trillanes before the commission that the forceful occupation of the Oakwood Service Apartments by the Magdalo Group was "unplanned and spontaneous". Further findings gathered by the commission revealed that extensive planning and preparations for several months had preceded the events of July 27, 2003. "Gripe sessions" were held among military personnel sought to be recruited, which included

4235-445: The government's supervision of the military, and demanded the resignation of Defense Secretary Angelo Reyes , PNP Director General Hermogenes Ebdane , and AFP Chief of Intelligence Service Victor Corpus ; They also aired their grievances against the military establishment and anomalies on the AFP. The mutiny was covered heavily by the local press, who dubbed the group as " Magdalo " in reference to their insignia , which alludes to

4312-413: The information that there was restiveness among junior AFP officers. Having validated the coup rumors and considering the troop movements, the government took a number of pre-emptive measures. It was fortuitous that these rumors and troop movements materialized just prior to President Arroyo's State of the Nation Address (SONA) scheduled for delivery on July 28. In connection with the SONA, the government

4389-410: The issue with her. Trillanes, who would later act as spokesman of the Magdalo group, met with two members of the PSG , Col. Delfin Bangit and Magdangal in the early morning of July 13. They talked for nearly four hours from 3:00 am onwards. The two officers were present when Trillanes met with President Arroyo at 7:00 am of the same day. During the meeting with Arroyo, Trillanes brought up

4466-402: The junior officers at that time as nothing overtly illegal had been committed. Some of them came in BDA uniforms and carried arms and ammunition. Some of them ended up in Oakwood. Before the Oakwood incident, amid the coup rumors, Arroyo met with officers and men, including Trillanes and some members of PMA '94 and '95. On July 10, Navy Lt. Christopher Magdangal , an aide-de-camp to Arroyo and

4543-449: The matter. At 5:00 pm of July 26, 2003, Arroyo convened a full cabinet meeting where Cabuay presented a briefing on the looming coup plot. Thereafter, Arroyo publicly announced for the first time at 8:19 pm in the media that "a small band of rogue junior officers and soldiers had deserted their posts and illegally brought weapons with them". The security plan of action was immediately set in motion. Task Force Libra (TF Libra),

4620-430: The meeting in San Juan. These documents were "designed to pollute the minds of the junior officers". The first was a supposed Memorandum of Instructions addressed to the Secretary of National Defense dated February 11, 2003, directing the full implementation of "Oplan Greenbase". The document, purportedly signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , contained a plan to capture Hashim Salamat dead or alive and to occupy

4697-467: The occupation of Oakwood, and of movement of the Marine contingent from Ternate towards Camp Aguinaldo were confirmed. The Crisis Management Staff was formed at the Command Operation Center in Camp Crame, and the Advanced Command Post of the PNP was established behind the Intercontinental Hotel in Makati. Marines and Army officers later joined the PNP at the Makati post, and the Southern Police District Director, Police Chief Superintendent Jose Gutierrez ,

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4774-429: The one hand, and cracking down on the suspected plotters should they commit any overt illegal acts, on the other. Recruitment activities by suspected rebels were again reported during the July 14 meeting of the Cabinet Oversight Committee – Internal Security (COC-IS). The meeting discussed threats to SONA and the concomitant security preparations. At this time, the Government had not yet established concrete links between

4851-466: The order issued by Arroyo to the AFP and PNP for the arrest of the Magdalo officers at around 8:00 pm and the conference called by Abaya to assess the intelligence reports at 9:00 pm, operatives of the PNP’s Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) were dispatched to Dasmariñas Village , Makati at around 10:00 pm that same night of July 26 to verify the presence of heavily armed men in military uniform reported by security guards of

4928-411: The problem of corruption as discussed in the two term papers which he submitted for his masters program at the University of the Philippines ’ National College of Public Administration and Governance . He later alleged that Arroyo did not give him a chance to discuss the papers and instead scolded him. Arroyo allegedly ordered the PSG officers to parade him before the media to give him a lesson and called

5005-421: The rebel soldiers came from a house at 2177 Paraiso Street, Dasmariñas Village, owned by Ramon Cardenas who was residing at 1346 Palm Avenue in the same village. At 4:00 am TF Ayala of the Marine Corps had been activated and had occupied positions with infantry and armor, encircling the Ayala Center Complex. Between 4:00 and 5:00 am, the rebel soldiers were able to make arrangements to go on air to issue

5082-510: The recruitment of military officers as rebels and the anti-government mass actions mobilized for the SONA. In the meeting of SMC Alpha on July 15, the recruitment had been reported as led by a covert fraternity called the “ New Filipino Heroes ” who were advocating the adoption of the NRP of Honasan. Plans of the groups to rescue and release former President Estrada from the Veterans Memorial Medical Center (VMMC) and to take over radio and television stations were likewise revealed. Another meeting by

5159-421: The same time, the security guards of Dasmariñas Village in Makati confirmed the presence of heavily armed men in full battle gear marching from Paraiso Street to the EDSA-Pasay Road gate of the village. The armed soldiers, wearing red armbands, forced the security guards to open the gate. They were seen crossing EDSA and going towards the direction of Ayala Center , Makati. The CIDG-NBI composite team confirmed that

5236-475: The same year identified the mutiny leaders, as well as underscoring the need for the modernization of the AFP. Trillanes ran and ultimately won a seat for senator in the 2007 elections under the Genuine Opposition coalition, despite being in prison. He attempted another mutiny against Arroyo in 2007, but it also failed. He was later released in 2010 following an executive order issued by Arroyo. Meanwhile, Gambala and eight other rebel officials were later given

5313-417: The supporters of former President Joseph Estrada . At the SMC Alpha meeting held on July 11, the details of the recruitment by the Magdalo group were discussed and those involved were identified. On the same day, NICA Director General Cesar Garcia reported to National Security Adviser Roilo Golez on the ongoing recruitment activities in the AFP by certain junior officers. Subsequently, SMC Alpha submitted

5390-490: The surrender was downplayed by the Magdalo group as part of a “ psywar ” operation on the part of the Government, during an ambush interview of Trillanes. Florentino P. Feliciano Feliciano obtained his Bachelor of Arts (summa cum laude) and Law (magna cum laude) degrees from the University of the Philippines . He was a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi . He received his Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science, both at Yale University . Prior to his appointment to

5467-619: The total cost to P45,000.00. The customer was later identified as Navy Ensign Armand Pontejos, PMA '00, one of the rebel soldiers who went to Oakwood. Another rebel soldier who went to Oakwood was Navy Lt. Manuel Cabochan, of PMA '95 who bought 49 sets of battle dress attire (BDA) uniforms, T-shirts, and combat boots worth P108,780.00 on June 30, 2003. There is evidence the Magdalo group also acquired vehicles apparently to transport troops to target areas. On July 23, five Hyundai Aero buses (presumably second hand) were purchased for P2.10 million in cash by Francisco Dimaculangan and Isidro Samaco from

5544-622: Was able to say after the dinner, when Arroyo briefly asked about the coup issue, was "…we are against corruption". Likewise, based on the remarks made on television immediately after the dinner, PMA ’94 class president Army Capt. Ma. Noel Tolentino said, "we assured her that we are still... we are loyal to her". President Arroyo also attended on July 24 the turn-over of the command at the FSRR in Camp Tecson in San Miguel, Bulacan as part of

5621-672: Was already taking measures to ensure the security of the president and the government. On July 10, the National Security Council (NSC) had requested the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) to host a "small group" meeting of the Special Monitoring Committee Alpha (SMC Alpha), which was organized to ensure security during the SONA, together with the major service intelligence chiefs of

5698-619: Was decided that the soldiers be met once they arrive in North Harbor . Upon their arrival, they were in fact met by some officers, including Col. Danilo Lim of the First Scout Ranger Regiment (FSRR) , and were found to have apparently legitimate reasons for coming to Manila. They carried documents showing either they were on rest and recreation or about to undergo training. Despite the coup rumors, government security forces refrained from taking punitive action against

5775-535: Was designated as the ground commander. At around 2:00 am on July 27, Abu was informed by the Joint Operation Center in Camp Aguinaldo about the presence of troops moving towards Metro Manila. Most of these troops were coming from Ternate, Cavite. At this time, the Marines under Teodosio were already poised to stop the troops. They were pre-positioned around the car park behind Oakwood. At about

5852-566: Was released to the press by the Presidential Security Group (PSG), showed Trillanes and a person believed to be Honasan standing before the Philippine flag and a flag or streamer with the Magdalo countersign. From July to December 2002, word began to spread about military personnel who were disseminating spurious queries about grievances within the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). Reports were leaked involving

5929-602: Was shared during the preparation for President Arroyo’ s SONA. At the meeting on July 23, the SMC Alpha discussed plans on how to counter the likely staging of mass actions by anti-government groups at the Batasang Pambansa Complex during the SONA. At this meeting, the efforts at recruitment of junior officers in the AFP and the PNP in Mindanao were reported. The February 11 Memorandum of Instructions to

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