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50-466: On October 27, 758 Strachfried gave as a gift to the monastery of St. Gallen his properties in Müllheim, including the vineyards. This deed is in the archives of St. Gallen and it is where we today can find the first written reference to the " villa Mulinhaimo ", which is the current city of Müllheim. Archeology shows however that Müllheim was inhabited even earlier than this. During the renovation of

100-453: A UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Abbey's renowned library contains books from the 9th century. The official language of St. Gallen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German , but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic Swiss German . The city has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria. It also functions as the gate to

150-823: A Catholic stronghold in the Protestant city until 1803. In 1798 the French invaded Switzerland , destroying the Ancien Régime . Under the Helvetic Republic both the abbey and the city lost their power and were combined with Appenzell into the Canton of Säntis . The Helvetic Republic was widely unpopular in Switzerland and was overthrown in 1803. Following the Act of Mediation the city of St. Gallen became

200-597: A member of the City Parliament. The parliament holds its meetings in the Waaghaus once a week on Tuesdays. The last regular election of the City Parliament was held on 27 September 2020 for the mandate period ( German : Legislatur ) from January 2021 to December 2024. Currently the City Parliament consists of 17 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) and one of its junior section,

250-419: A settlement that greatly restricted the city's power and burdened the city with serious penalties and reparation payments. Ulrich, overwhelmed by the responsibility for his political decisions, panicked in the face of the approaching enemy who wanted him apprehended. His life was in great danger, and he was forced to escape from the city disguised as a messenger. He made his way to Lindau and to Innsbruck and

300-509: A site of pilgrimage and a center of trade, with associated guest houses, stables and other facilities, a hospital, one of the first monastery schools north of the Alps. By the tenth century, a settlement had grown up around the abbey. In 926 Magyar raiders attacked the abbey and surrounding town. Saint Wiborada , the first woman formally canonized by the Vatican , reportedly saw a vision of

350-513: Is forested. Of the rest of the land, 42.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.9%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes). St. Gallen has a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with short, warm summers and long, moderately cold winters. Precipitation is very high year round. St. Gallen has a very cloudy climate. Between 1981 and 2010 St. Gallen had an average of 141 days of rain or snow per year and on average received 1,248 mm (49.1 in) of precipitation . The wettest month

400-530: Is situated in the northeastern part of Switzerland in a valley about 700 meters (2,300 ft) above sea level. It is one of the highest cities in Switzerland and thus receives abundant winter snow. The city lies between Lake Constance and the mountains of the Appenzell Alps (with the Säntis as the highest peak at 2,502 meters (8,209 ft)). It therefore offers excellent recreation areas nearby. As

450-405: Is the collection of historical art treasures belonging to a church , usually a cathedral or monastery ( monastery treasure ). Such "treasure" is usually held and displayed in the church's treasury or in a diocesan museum . Historically the highlight of church treasures was often a collection of reliquaries . As a result of gifts and the desire to acquire sacred artifacts, many churches over

500-574: Is the patriarch of the Baden and Württemberg Varnbülers. Starting in 1526 then- mayor and humanist Joachim von Watt (Vadian) introduced the Protestant Reformation into St. Gallen. The town converted to the new religion while the abbey remained Roman Catholic . While iconoclastic riots forced the monks to flee the city and remove images from the city's churches, the fortified abbey remained untouched. The abbey would remain

550-582: The Appenzellerland . The town of St. Gallen grew around the Abbey of St Gall , founded in the 8th century. The abbey is said to have been built at the site of the hermitage of Irish missionary Gallus , who according to legend had established himself by the river Steinach in AD 612. The monastery itself was founded by Saint Othmar in c.  720 . The abbey prospered in the 9th century and became

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600-520: The Great Depression caused another severe crisis for St. Gallen embroidery . Only in the 1950s did the textile industry recover somewhat. Nowadays, because of competition and the prevalence of computer-operated embroidery machines, only a reduced textile industry has survived in St. Gallen; but its embroidered textiles are still popular with Parisian haute couture designers. St. Gallen

650-658: The JUSO , 11 The Liberals (FDP/PLR) , 8 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL) , 8 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC) , 8 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) , 7 Green Party (GPS/PES) and 1 of its junior section, the JungeGr , one representative of the Evangelical People's Party (EVP) , and one member of the Politische Frauengruppe (PFG) (Political Women Group). In the 2019 federal election for

700-589: The Rorschacher Klosterbruch . When the Abbot complained to the Confederates about the damage and demanded full compensation, Ulrich responded with a countersuit, and in cooperation with Schwendiner rejected the arbitration efforts of the non-partisan Confederates. He motivated the clerics from Wil to Rorschach to abandon their loyalty to the abbey and spoke against the abbey at a meeting of

750-725: The Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS which received 24.4% (-3.8) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the Green Party (17.5%, +8.3), the SVP (16.5%, -4.6), FDP (14.4%, +0.1), the CVP (12.6%, +0.4), and the GLP (10.9%, +4.4). In the federal election a total of 18,821 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.9%. In the 2015 election for

800-605: The Swiss National Council the most popular party was the SPS which received 28.1% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the SVP (21.1%), the FDP (14.3%), the CVP (12.2%), the GPS (9.2%), and the GLP (6.6%). In the federal election, a total of 20,768 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.0%. St. Gallen is twinned with: St. Gallen has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 76,213. As of 2019 , about 31.4% of

850-651: The executive government of the City of St. Gallen and operates as a collegiate authority . It is composed of five councilors ( German : Stadtrat/ Stadträtin ), each presiding over a directorate. The president of the presidential directorate acts as mayor ( Stadtpräsident ). In the mandate period 2017–2020 ( Legislatur ) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsidentin Maria Pappa . Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by

900-520: The hermitage of Saint Gall , founded in the 7th century. Today, it is a large urban agglomeration (with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019) and represents the center of eastern Switzerland . Its economy consists mainly of the service sector . The city is home to the University of St. Gallen , one of the best business schools in Europe. The main tourist attraction is the Abbey of Saint Gall ,

950-560: The "Bath triangle" of Badenweiler , Bad Krozingen and Bad Bellingen. The city lies between the Rhine valley and the Black Forest with hills devoted largely to vineyards . Müllheim is bordered by Auggen (to the south), Vögisheim to the southeast, and Hügelheim to the north. The main artery is the B3 which runs a north-south route along Müllheim's western side. It lies between Freiburg in

1000-401: The City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation (Proporz). The sessions of the City Parliament are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the City Parliament are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of St. Gallen allowed to vote can be elected as

1050-406: The City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of St. Gallen allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The current mandate period is from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2024. The mayor is elected as such by public election by means of a system of Majorz , while

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1100-503: The Confederation and took part in their famous attack. A large painting of Ulrich returning triumphantly to a hero's welcome in St. Gallen is still displayed in St. Gallen. After the war, Varnbüler often represented St. Gallen at the various parliaments of the Confederation. In December 1480, Varnbüler was offered the position of mayor for the first time. From that time on, he served in several leadership positions and

1150-700: The German Holy Roman Empire , which eventually led to a total separation after the Swabian War . Despite the unpropitious end of his career, Ulrich Varnbüler is immortalized in a famous woodcut by Albrecht Dürer , which is now part of the Smithsonian Institution's woodcut collection in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. Among Varnbüler's sons, the eldest (Hans/Johann) became the mayor of Lindau . He

1200-471: The Martin's church in 1980 and 1981 the workers came upon a portion of a Roman villa . It is assumed that it is the center of large Roman possessions in the region. Inhabitants: 17,630 (February 2002) as follows - 12,030 Central Müllheim 1351 Hügelheim; 1235 Niederweiler; 991 Britzingen; 812 Vögisheim; 636 Feldberg; 362 Dattingen; 215 Zunzingen. Müllheim is located in the center of Markgräflerland, in between

1250-471: The Varnbülers regained their properties. However, other political ramifications resulted from the court action, because the Confederation gained ownership of the city of St. Gallen and rejected the inroads of the empire. Thus, the conflict strengthened the relationship between the Confederation and the city of St. Gallen. On the other hand, the matter deepened the alienation between Switzerland and

1300-640: The abbey to Rorschach on Lake Constance , he encountered stiff resistance from the St. Gallen citizenry, other clerics, and the Appenzell nobility in the Rhine Valley, who were concerned for their holdings. At this point, Varnbüler entered the conflict against the prelate. He wanted to restrain the increase of the abbey's power and at the same time increase the power of the town that had been restricted in its development. For this purpose he established contact with farmers and Appenzell residents (led by

1350-522: The abbot, was installed in the town. In 1207, Abbot Ulrich von Sax was granted the rank of Imperial Prince ( Reichsfürst ) by Philip of Swabia , King of the Germans. As an ecclesiastical principality, the Abbey of St. Gallen was to constitute an important territorial state and a major regional power in northern Switzerland. The city of St. Gallen proper progressively separated itself from

1400-442: The beginning of the 19th century, the first embroidery machines were developed in St. Gallen. In 1910 the embroidery production constituted the largest export branch (18% of the total export value) in Switzerland and more than half of the worldwide production of embroidery originated in St. Gallen. One fifth of the population of the eastern part of Switzerland was involved with the textile industry . However, World War I and

1450-574: The capital of the Protestant Canton of St. Gallen. One of the first acts of the new canton was to suppress the abbey. The monks were driven from the abbey; the last abbot died in Muri in 1829. In 1846 a rearrangement in the local dioceses made St. Gall a separate diocese , with the abbey church as its cathedral and a portion of the monastic buildings designated the bishop's residence. Gustav Adolf IV , former king of Sweden , spent

1500-444: The city center is built on an unstable turf ground (its founder Gallus was looking for a site for a hermitage, not for a city), all buildings on the valley floor must be built on piles . For example, the entire foundation of the train station and its plaza are based on hundreds of piles. St. Gallen has an area, as of 2017 , of 39.38 km (15.20 sq mi). Of this area, 27.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 28.2%

1550-581: The city. In 1463, Ulrich Rösch had assumed the management of the abbey of Saint Gall. He was an ambitious prelate, whose goal was to return the abbey to prominence by every possible means, following the losses of the Appenzell War . His restless ambition offended the political and material interests of his neighbours. When he arranged for the help of the Pope and the Emperor to carry out a plan to move

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1600-480: The court of King Maximilian . The victors confiscated those of his properties that lay outside of the city of St. Gallen and banned him from the Confederation. Ulrich then appealed to the imperial court (as did Schwendiner, who had fled with him) for the return of his property. The suit had the support of Friedrich II and Maximilian and the trial threatened to drag on for years: it was continued by Ulrich's sons Hans and Ulrich after his death in 1496, and eventually

1650-491: The fanatical Hermann Schwendiner ) who were seeking an opportunity to weaken the abbot. Initially, he protested to the abbot and the representatives of the four sponsoring Confederate cantons (Zürich, Lucerne, Schwyz, and Glarus) against the construction of the new abbey in Rorschach. Then on 28 July 1489 he had armed troops from St. Gallen and Appenzell destroy the buildings already under construction, an attack known as

1700-415: The four cantons decided to carry out their duty to the abbey and to invade the St. Gallen canton with an armed force. The people of Appenzell and the local clerics submitted to this force without significant resistance, while the city of St. Gallen braced itself for a fight to the finish. However, when they learned that their compatriots had given up the fight, they lost confidence, and they agreed to

1750-548: The heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz. As of 2017 , St. Gallen's City Council is made up of two representatives of the SP ( Social Democratic Party ) of which one is the mayor, one member of the FDP ( FDP.The Liberals ), one of the GLP ( Green Liberal Party ), and one independent. The last regular election

1800-565: The highest maximum radioactivity measurements of any Swiss city, as published in the 2009 yearly report by the Federal Office of Public Health . While the daily average level of gamma-ray radioactivity in the city is unremarkable at 105 nSv/h, the maximum can reach 195 nSv/h, as high as the average for Jungfraujoch , the location with the highest reported level of radioactivity in Switzerland, due to its high elevation and therefore greater exposure to cosmic rays. The same report explains that

1850-482: The impending attack and warned the monks and citizens to flee. While the monks and the abbey treasure escaped, Wiborada chose to stay behind and was killed by the raiders. Between 924 and 933 the Magyars again threatened the abbey, and its books were removed for safekeeping to Reichenau. Not all the books were returned. On 26 April 937 a fire consumed much of the abbey, spreading to the adjoining settlement. However,

1900-461: The last years of his life in St. Gallen, and died there in 1837. In the 15th century, St. Gallen became known for producing quality textiles. In 1714, the zenith was reached with a yearly production of 38,000 pieces of cloth. The first depression occurred in the middle of the 18th century, caused by strong foreign competition and reforms in methods of cotton production. But St. Gallen recovered and an even more prosperous era arrived. At

1950-404: The library was spared. Muslim slave-raiders attacked the abbey in 939. About 954 a protective wall was raised around the abbey. By 975, Abbot Notker finished the wall, and the adjoining settlement began growing into the town of St. Gall. From the later 12th century, the town of St. Gall increasingly pushed for independence from the abbey. In 1180, an imperial reeve , who was not answerable to

2000-531: The lowest level of radon exposure. In addition to the measured gamma-radiation, the city may be subject to radioactive tritium pollution in Teufen , a satellite town situated 4 km south of the city in the canton of Appenzell Outer Rhodes (this pollution is also covered in the report). The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent a Bear rampant Sable langued and in his virility Gules and armed and gorged Or. The City Council ( Stadtrat ) constitutes

2050-509: The north and Basel , Switzerland to the south on this route. Local jobs roughly. 8,000 of which about 3,000 are industrial, mainly work with glass, and metal. Commuting: Müllheim (Baden) station is on the Rhine Valley Railway , which is serviced by Deutsche Bahn . Müllheim is twinned with: St. Gallen St. Gallen is a Swiss city and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen . It evolved from

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2100-463: The population was made up of foreign nationals. The population has grown at 4.4% per year. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (83.0%), with Italian being second most common (3.7%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (3.7%). Of the Swiss national languages (as of 2000 ), 60,297 speak German , 575 people speak French , 2,722 people speak Italian , and 147 people speak Romansh . Abbey treasure A church treasury or church treasure

2150-625: The rule of the abbot. Abbot Wilhelm von Montfort in 1291 granted special privileges to the citizens. By about 1353 the guilds , headed by the cloth-weavers guild, had gained control of the civic government. In 1415 the city bought its liberty from the German king Sigismund . In 1405, the Appenzell estates of the abbot successfully rebelled and in 1411 they became allies of the Old Swiss Confederation . A few months later,

2200-408: The town of St. Gallen also became an ally. They joined the "everlasting alliance" as full members of the Confederation in 1454 and in 1457 became completely free from the abbot. However, in 1451 the abbey became an ally of Zürich , Lucerne , Schwyz , and Glarus who were all members of the Confederation. Ulrich Varnbüler was an early mayor of St. Gallen . Hans, the father of Ulrich,

2250-485: The townspeople at Waldkirch, where the popular league was formed. He was confident that the four sponsoring cantons would not intervene with force, due to the prevailing tensions between the Confederation and the Swabian League . He was strengthened in his resolve when the people of St. Gallen re-elected him as their highest magistrate in 1490. Ulrich Varnbüler had made a serious miscalculation. In early 1490,

2300-436: The unusually high spikes of radioactivity measured in St. Gallen are due to radioactive products of radon gas being washed to the ground during heavy storms, but does not explain where the sufficient quantities of radon gas and its products to account for the anomaly would come from. The yearly report for 2009 on risks associated with radon published by the same governmental agency shows St. Gallen to lie in an area of

2350-405: Was July during which time St. Gallen received an average of 172 mm (6.8 in) of rain. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 13.8 days. The months with the most days of precipitation were May, June and July. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 57 mm (2.2 in) of precipitation over 9.1 days. St. Gallen is notable for reporting

2400-429: Was considered the city's intellectual and political leader. According to Vadian , who understood his contemporaries well, "Ulrich was a very intelligent, observant, and eloquent man who enjoyed the trust of the citizenry to a high degree." His reputation among the Confederates was also substantial. However, in the late 1480s, he became involved in a conflict that was to have serious negative consequences for him and for

2450-470: Was held on 27 September 2020. Manfred Linke is City Chancellor ( Stadtschreiber ) since for the City Chancellary. The Stadtparlament of St. Gallen for the mandate period of 2021-2024 The City Parliament ( Stadtparlament ) holds legislative power . It is made up of 63 members, with elections held every four years. The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by

2500-525: Was prominent in city affairs in St. Gallen in the early 15th century. Ulrich entered public affairs in the early 1460s and attained the various offices and honours that are available to a talented and ambitious man. He demonstrated fine qualities as field commander of the St. Gallen troops in the Burgundian Wars . In the Battle of Grandson (1476) his troops were part of the advance units of

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