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103-515: Nội Bài International Airport ( IATA : HAN , ICAO : VVNB ) in Hanoi , the capital of Vietnam , is the country’s second largest and busiest international airport for passenger traffic, after Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City . It is currently the main airport serving Hanoi, replacing the role of Gia Lam Airport . The airport consists of two passenger terminals and

206-400: A Cargolux Boeing 747-8F . In 2014, the airport received its first scheduled service with the newest generation of commercial aircraft when All Nippon Airways started using a Boeing 787-8 on services between to Tokyo–Haneda and later the same year the airport received its first visit of Airbus A350 XWB operated by Airbus on World Tour trip. In 2015, Vietnam Airlines started to operate

309-461: A regional airline in southern Vietnam and almost 99% of the low-cost carrier Pacific Airlines . In addition, the corporation earns revenue from airline catering and the maintenance and overhauling of aircraft through a number of its subsidiaries, including Vietnam Airlines Engineering Company and Vietnam Airlines Caterers. The company has also diversified its investments in the aircraft-leasing and airport ground-servicing industries , and

412-400: A 1-2-1 configuration are offered. A 15.4-inch entertainment screen is available on the two aircraft. Seats are arranged in a reverse herringbone configuration on Boeing 787 and staggered seating is available on Airbus A350 . Refreshments are offered on flights over 90 minutes, with hot meals available on flights that are longer than two hours. Vietnam Airlines' premium economy class has

515-580: A cargo terminal. Terminal 1 serves domestic flights, and Terminal 2 (inaugurated on 4 January 2015) serves all international flights to and from Hanoi. The airport is currently the main hub of the flag carrier Vietnam Airlines , travel carrier Vietravel Airlines , and an operating base of budget carriers Bamboo Airways and VietJet Air . The airport is located in Phú Minh commune in Sóc Sơn district , about 35 km (22 mi) northeast of downtown Hanoi, via

618-564: A historic agreement with Boeing for the acquisition of its first ever US-built aircraft, signalling the start of trade under the Bilateral Trade Agreement between the two countries. The deal involved four Boeing 777-200ERs . The transaction was valued at US$ 680  million; the first aircraft was initially scheduled for delivery in 2003. These four aircraft, along with six others of the same type that are leased from International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC), are

721-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

824-521: A new bilingual website in October to simplify bookings and adopted a new passenger service system designed by IT provider Sabre Airline Solutions . On 26 August 2010, the airline teamed up with Boeing during the unveiling of its interior modernization programme to increase passenger comfort. From late September to early October, Vietnam Airlines discounted up to 85% of its 90,000 fares to celebrate Thang Long-Hanoi's 1000th anniversary. In November 2010,

927-513: A partnership, and the French carrier agreed to lease its Airbuses to Vietnam Airlines, and also to provide customer support and pilot/crew training. By that time the route network had further expanded internationally, seeing the incorporation of destinations such as Paris , Tokyo , Seoul , Taipei , Sydney , and Melbourne . In 1993, the airline carried 1.06 million passengers, 418,000 of whom were on international flights. The airline became

1030-509: A remarkable 41% increase against normal days. In 2013, the carrier added an extra 174,000 seats during the celebratory period, of which 82,000 seats were on the trunk route between its primary hubs. Vietnam Airlines joined the SkyTeam airline alliance on 10 June 2010. Vietnam Airlines codeshares with the following airlines: As of August 2024 , Vietnam Airlines operates the following aircraft: Since its conception in 1956,

1133-478: A wider seat width and legroom compared to Economy with 38–42 in (97–107 cm) of seat pitch and 7-8 inches of recline. This class is offered only on flights operated by Boeing 787 Dreamliner or Airbus A350 . On every flight featuring Premium Economy, hot meals are served with an extensive menu of Vietnamese delicacies and popular world cuisine. Personal care bags with essential amenities are also provided. Premiere brand cosmetics and aqua water are available in

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1236-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

1339-627: Is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

1442-617: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

1545-437: Is considered as a "exceptional milestone" by the airline. Its role is to provide economic gains to the country, as its tasks, in addition to scheduled passenger and cargo transport, include "responsibility towards labor, contribution to the state budget, and providing chartered flights", according to former CEO Dao Manh Nhung. The airline is headed and overseen by a seven-seat management team, members of which are selected by

1648-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

1751-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

1854-710: Is looking to manufacture aircraft components . It controls and operates a cargo division, Vietnam Airlines Cargo. Vietnam Airlines became a member of SkyTeam in June 2010, making it the first Southeast Asian carrier to have joined that alliance . As of September 2021, the State's stake in Vietnam Airlines is 86.34%, All Nippon Airways holds 5.62%, being a strategic shareholder of the national flag carrier. Vietnam Airlines has its origins in January 1956, when it

1957-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

2060-544: Is the flag carrier of Vietnam . The airline was founded in 1956 and later established as a state-owned enterprise in April 1989. Vietnam Airlines is headquartered in Long Biên district , Hanoi , with hubs at Noi Bai International Airport in Hanoi and Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City . The airline flies 117 routes across 19 countries, excluding codeshared services . From its inception until

2163-405: Is the ability to pick up boarding passes within the security area including for some low cost airlines like VietJet. The future lines 2 and 6 of Hanoi Metro are planned to be extended to the airport. [REDACTED] Media related to Noi Bai International Airport at Wikimedia Commons IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it

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2266-870: Is the airlines' frequent flyer program. The program consisted of five tiers (Silver, Titanium, Gold, Platinum and Million Miler) with benefits varying between tiers. Membership in this program is free, and members can earn miles in different ways (flying in carriers within Vietnam Airlines Group, SkyTeam carriers and carriers partnered with Vietnam Airlines based on distance and seating class, daily shopping with co-branded credit cards, using partners' services such as Booking.com or direct payments). Accumulated miles can be redeemable to buy tickets and items at Lotusmall or exchange for vouchers for Vingroup services. According to Aviation Safety Network , Vietnam Airlines has experienced six accidents/incidents since 1951, three of them leading to fatalities. All of

2369-465: Is the exact delivery date. I can be patient but it gives us a lot of headaches." In 2010 the airline switched its Boeing 787 order from the –8 to the –9 model, stating that 787-8s did not meet all the requirements Boeing initially promised; it was expected that the airline would receive its first aircraft of the type in 2015. On 20 June 2005, the airline launched direct services to Frankfurt after having discontinued services to Berlin. It came after

2472-478: Is the highest of the three cabin classes offered by the airline. As is the case with business class cabins in most airlines, the amenities offered in this class are substantially different from economy class, and more services and products are available. On Airbus A321s , recliner seats are offered, laid out in a 2-2 configuration. The seat offers 45 inches of pitch, 10 degrees of recline as well as foot and leg rest. On Boeing 787s and Airbus A350s , lie-flat seats in

2575-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

2678-403: The 1997 Asian financial crisis and other contributing causes led to a loss in profits for the airline. Nevertheless, the airline remained profitable throughout the crisis. In 1996, the airline carried 2.5 million passengers, up 18% from 1995. The airline carried more than 4 million passengers in 2002, which is an 18% increase over the previous year. Its cargo traffic also climbed 20% during

2781-535: The Airbus A350 XWB for commercial domestic flights. The airport has been a SkyTeam hub since mid-2010, after Vietnam Airlines joined the network that year. At 650 hectares, Noi Bai is the second-largest airport in Vietnam, behind the 800 hectare Tan Son Nhat International Airport . Terminal 1, completed in 2001, used to be the sole terminal handling both domestic and international flights. However, with

2884-569: The Boeing 777 , Airbus A330 , Airbus A320 and Airbus A321 ; and D-checks , the most thorough of all maintenance procedures, which are carried out on the ATR 72 and Fokker 70. In addition to its self-maintenance facilities, Vietnam Airlines also has maintenance contracts with other airlines and maintenance organisations. There are currently no production facilities in Vietnam for aircraft and spare parts . However, Boeing has managed to obtain 35% of

2987-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

3090-567: The McDonnell Douglas MD-11 were topics of discussion. Meanwhile, two Fokker 70s were acquired in May and July to replace the twelve Tupolev Tu-134s. On 3 September 1997, the crash of a Tupolev Tu-134B, on approach to Phnom Penh 's Pochentong Airport in bad weather, resulted in more than 60 fatalities. A new livery was introduced in early 1998, initially unveiled on a Boeing 767. In December 2001, Vietnam Airlines signed

3193-779: The Prime Minister of Vietnam . As of September 2022, Dang Ngoc Hoa is the chairman of the company, whereas Le Hong Ha is the president and CEO. As of December 2019, the workforce of the Group numbered 21,255 employees with Vietnam Airlines itself employing 6,409 people. The airline is headquartered in the Long Bien District of Hanoi; previously it was headquartered at Gia Lam Airport in Gia Lam , Hanoi. When Vietnam Airlines wholly owned Pacific Airlines after Jetstar 's withdrawal of stakes in this low-cost carrier ,

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3296-539: The Tu-134 fleet on domestic routes as well as at serving as VIP transport. In December 1995, discussions with GECAS for the lease of three additional, second-hand Boeing 767-300ERs were under way; these ex- Continental Airlines aircraft would act as a replacement for wet-leased Boeing 767 aircraft (three -300ERs and one -200ER leased from AWAS and Royal Brunei ) in the fleet. In September 1996, Vietnam Airlines started offering business class services and in 1999,

3399-471: The 2004–2005 period when travel between the two countries soared 70%. The following year, Vietnam Airlines was admitted into IATA . As part of the move, Vietnam Airlines had to meet the association's IOSA safety standards. According to several newspaper reports in 2007, the Vietnamese government planned to partly privatize Vietnam Airlines. In the plan, the government considered selling 20–30% of

3502-731: The CAAV, it was still known as Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam within the 1993–1996 period. In February 1994, US President Bill Clinton lifted the trade embargo to allow Vietnam Airlines the ability to acquire Western-built aircraft. Consequently, Vietnam Airlines announced in April of the same year that it would be phasing out its inefficient Soviet planes. By April 1995, the fleet consisted of nine Airbus A320s (all of them leased from Air France), 11 Antonov An-24s , four ATR72s , two Boeing 707-300s , three Ilyushin Il-18s , nine Tupolev Tu-134s and three Yakovlev Yak-40s ; at this time

3605-511: The Corporation has started to use the term Vietnam Airlines Group to refer a group consisting of three airlines owned by Vietnam Airlines including Vietnam Airlines (itself), Pacific Airlines and Vietnam Air Services Company . In 2009, the airline, Airbus and ESMA Aviation Academy created Bay Viet Flight Training Company to train pilots in the country, with the expectation that up to 100 trainees would graduate annually. In October 2010,

3708-579: The IPO and subsequent share-offerings will supply the funds to expand Vietnam Airlines' fleet and network. With the company valued at US$ 1.5  billion, the government plans to initially keep 75% of the shares. The IPO plan was submitted to the Vietnamese Ministry of Transport in June 2014. Scheduled to commence on 14 November 2014, the IPO received two submissions from foreign companies, but their names have not been disclosed. The corporation

3811-559: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Vietnam Airlines Vietnam Airlines ( Vietnamese : Hãng hàng không Quốc gia Việt Nam , lit.   'Vietnam National Airlines')

3914-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

4017-424: The Vietnam Airlines Group. Vietnam Airlines Group has at least 20 subsidiaries and affiliates. By the end of its restructuring in 2015, the company planned to have offloaded its stakes in more than 10 enterprises. Vietnam Airlines is increasingly becoming involved in the maintenance , overhauling, and production of aircraft. Maintenance works are carried out by Vietnam Airlines Engineering Company (VAECO), which

4120-429: The aircraft lessor ALC announced the placement of an order for eight Boeing 787-9s, which will be leased to Vietnam Airlines; deliveries are expected to start in 2017. In late May 2012, the carrier signed an agreement with Vietnam's Eximbank for a loan worth US$ 100  million, which the carrier will use to finance the acquisition of four Airbus A321s; a further US$ 100  million was loaned in April 2013 to finance

4223-569: The airline and VALC signed a memorandum of understanding for the purchase of ten Airbus A350 XWBs , and 20 additional Airbus A321s. The Airbus A350s will supplement the Boeing 787s already ordered by the airline. This single order will result in Vietnam Airlines becoming one of the largest Airbus operators in Asia. The two companies also ordered five extra ATR 72-500s in December 2007. Vietnam

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4326-502: The airline awarded Honeywell a US$ 100  million contract to retrofit the Airbus A321s' aircraft flight systems, which is calculated to save Vietnam Airlines US$ 10,000 per aircraft per year. In January 2011, plans were announced by the airline to re-initiate an initial public offering (IPO) by the end of 2012; an earlier attempt was stalled by the 2007–2008 financial crisis . Scheduled for mid-2014 after several delays,

4429-753: The airline has operated a wide range of aircraft, including Soviet, American, and European aircraft. Having retired all Soviet-made planes, the airline currently uses Boeing and Airbus aircraft. Vietnam Airlines has operated the following aircraft throughout its history: On flights operated using Airbus A350 and Boeing 787 , Vietnam Airlines offers In-flight entertainment via personal televisions. On flights operated using Airbus A321neo , Vietnam Airlines offers In-flight entertainment via personal devices. Entertainment options consist of films, games, TV programmes, audiobooks and music. Vietnam Airlines offers two in-flight magazines, Heritage and Heritage Fashion , in addition to other reading material. Business class

4532-530: The airline itself as the centrepiece. In 2010, the corporation was restructured into a limited liability company and renamed Vietnam Airlines Company Limited. A seven-seat management board, appointed by the Vietnamese Prime Minister , oversees the company. As passenger transport constitutes its core activity, Vietnam Airlines plays a crucial role in the economic development of the country. It owns 100% of Vietnam Air Service Company  –

4635-457: The airline launched its frequent-flyer program , Golden Lotus Plus; During 1996, Vietnam Airlines looked for aircraft which would substitute the A320s wet-leased from Air France when the deal was over. Apart from acquiring further A320s, the airline considered Boeing 737s and McDonnell Douglas MD-90s . In February 1996  ( 1996-02 ) , GECAS delivered the first of three Boeing 767-300ER to

4738-453: The airline struck a wet-lease agreement with Dutch lessor TransAvia . The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-300 , that arrived in Vietnam Airlines' livery . However, the aircraft was returned after the U.S. State Department pressured the Dutch lessor to remove the aircraft from Vietnam. Subsequently, Vietnam Airlines organized a similar but more complicated deal with TEA Basle , who spent

4841-421: The airline to switch from Airbus to Boeing. Hence, a Boeing 767-200ER , leased from Ansett Worldwide Aviation Services (AWAS), arrived in January 1993, and a Royal Brunei Airlines Boeing 767-300ER , arrived the following year. In October 1993, the first Airbus A320-200 was incorporated over a two-year wet-lease contract with Air France . Vietnam Airlines by now had started discussions with Air France about

4944-435: The airline's Tupolev Tu-134 fleet did not meet Kai Tak Airport 's noise restrictions. In October 1992, the Boeing 737 was supplemented with an Airbus A310. However, a dispute with Bulgarian Jes Air over who should pay for the repairs after the aircraft sustained an engine failure led to its replacement with another A310 from GATX , also operated by Jes Air. A similar dispute with United Technologies encouraged

5047-462: The airline's receipt of its first Boeing 777-200ER purchased outright from Boeing. On 28 October, the airline decided to move its operations in Moscow from Sheremetyevo International Airport to Domodedovo International Airport . In June 2005, Vietnam Airlines ordered four Boeing 787-8s . Twelve additional 787-8s were ordered in late 2007, some of them to be directly acquired from the company, and

5150-503: The airline's stake to outsiders, with the government holding the balance. This was a small part of a bigger proposal by the government to privatize its state-owned companies, due to be completed by 2010. Vietnam authorized the plan the following year; however, the plan was not carried out as the airline missed its deadline scheduled by the government, which was arranged for 2010, due to the Great Recession . On 1 October 2007,

5253-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

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5356-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

5459-559: The airport's total capacity to 20 million passengers per year. In 2018, the airport served 28 million passengers. The airport's IATA code, HAN , is derived from the city's current name of Hanoi . Of the routes the airport offers, the Hanoi – Ho Chi Minh City route is the busiest flight in Southeast Asia and the fourth busiest in the world, serving 10,883,555 customers in 2023, an increase of 3% in comparison to 2022. The airport

5562-681: The balance. The Vietnamese flag carrier was the major shareholder in Vietnam's second largest airline, but its stake had been transferred to the Ministry of Finance, and subsequently to the Vietnamese State Capital Investment Corporation (SCIC). The carrier's takeover of SCIC's stake in Jetstar Pacific will capitalise the low-cost carrier with US$ 27  million, an amount that will be directed towards fleet renewal. In late April 2012,

5665-464: The carrier as Pacific Airlines in the same year. In November 2021, Vietnam Airlines started its first direct non-stop service to the United States, from Ho Chi Minh City to San Francisco . Vietnam Airlines Company Limited was a limited liability company wholly owned by the government of Vietnam, having been restructured from Vietnam Airlines Corporation in June 2010 and then formally became Vietnam Airlines Joint Stock Company in 2015, which

5768-495: The carrier, on dry-lease for five years. In October the same year, two Boeing 767-300ERs and a Boeing 767-200, on lease from AWAS and Royal Brunei Airlines, respectively, were returned to the lessors, but in early 1997 another Boeing 767-300ER was phased in on a one-year lease from AWAS. With its freedom to operate Western-built aircraft, Vietnam Airlines considered the acquisition of long-haul aircraft to better service Vietnamese living overseas. The Airbus A340 , Boeing 747 and

5871-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

5974-518: The company planned to train 60 pilots in Vietnam during 2011–2012. In 2010, Vietnam Airlines needed 636 pilots, 60% of whom were Vietnamese. It planned to raise that figure it to 75% by 2015, meaning there will be at least 100 recruits each year from 2010 until 2015. Vietnam Airlines also contracts CAE Global Academy Phoenix in Arizona , United States, to train its cadets. Vietnam Airlines enjoyed an average of 37% increase in passengers flown per year

6077-444: The distribution market in Vietnam, and GE Aviation , in turn, supplies jet engines for the Boeing aircraft. In the future, conversely, Vietnam Airlines is planning to build a maintenance factory in conjunction with Rolls-Royce and other companies. It has also signed a memorandum of understanding with EADS , a pan-European aerospace and defence corporation, that would let the corporation assemble and manufacture plane components in

6180-537: The early 1990s, Vietnam Airlines was a minor carrier within the aviation industry as it was hampered by a variety of factors including the socio-economic and political situation of the country. With the government's normalization of relations with the United States , the airline could expand, improve its products and services, and modernize its ageing fleet. In 1996, the Vietnamese government brought together 20 service companies to form Vietnam Airlines Corporation, with

6283-934: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

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6386-567: The event in Sanya , China , following speculations of Vietnam withdrawing. In August 2008  ( 2008-08 ) , Vietnam Airlines added Nagoya , the airline 's fourth point served in Japan besides Fukuoka , Osaka and Tokyo , to the route network. In 2009, Vietnam Airlines and the Government of Cambodia established a joint-venture, having 49% and 51% stockholding, respectively, with

6489-502: The existing one with a designed capacity of 10 million passengers per annum started in March 2012. The 996 m long new terminal building, funded by a Japan International Cooperation Agency ODA loan was designed by Japan Airport Consultants and was built by Taisei Corporation . The total investment for the project was ¥75.5 billion (US$ 645.35 million). Japan's official development assistance accounted for ¥59 billion ($ 504.27 million) of

6592-407: The first budget airline to operate in Vietnam. It was later joined by low-cost carrier AirAsia when they launched direct flights between Hanoi and Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur . The second runway (1B – 11R/29L) opened in 2006 and the following year the airport hosted an Airbus A380 for the first time, although no scheduled A380 services are operated from the airport. 2013 saw the first arrival of

6695-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

6798-574: The flag carrier of Vietnam in 1993, after having completed a restructuring programme that was started four years earlier. In that year, the airline split from the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam (CAAV) and became a state enterprise . The move was similar to the reorganization of the Chinese CAAC Airlines into several regional airlines in 1987. Even though the airline gained some independence from

6901-421: The flagships of the airline, and serve on medium and long-haul routes, respectively. During that year, the airline carried 3.4 million passengers, 1.9 million of whom were on domestic flights; flights to Beijing resumed and services to Kunming were launched. During 2002, Vietnam Airlines considered a lease offer from Airbus for two Airbus A340-300s . On 4 September 2003, a landmark ceremony celebrated

7004-478: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

7107-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

7210-420: The future. Vietnam Airlines has a network within Asia, North America, Europe and Oceania. With about 300 daily flights, the airline flies to 21 destinations domestically, and to 43 internationally. In addition, it has codeshare agreements with a number of airlines for other routes, some of which span to North America. Vietnam Airlines has traditionally increased flights among Vietnamese cities to cater for

7313-634: The goal of boosting tourism in Cambodia . The joint-venture was a new Cambodian national airline named Cambodia Angkor Air , which started flying in July the same year, using ATR-72 aircraft; an Airbus A321 joined the fleet in September. Also in 2009, the carrier signed a deal for another 16 Airbus A321s plus two Airbus A350s, during the Paris Air Show . In addition, Vietnam Airlines launched

7416-625: The heavy demands brought by the annual Tết celebration. This busy period, which could fall anywhere from late January to mid-February, is Vietnam's most important celebration; hundreds of extra flights are scheduled by domestic airlines during this period to allow Vietnamese to return to their families, often in rural areas, to celebrate the occasion. In 2010, the airline increased its seat capacity from 45% to 120% on certain domestic routes. In 2011, it increased additional flights on ten routes, adding more than 100,000 seats. About 63,000 of these seats were between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. This represented

7519-623: The inauguration of the new international terminal, the Noi Bai International Airport received the World's Most Improved Airport Award from Skytrax . The construction project of the new Noi Bai international terminal also received the JICA President Award for 2015. One can generally do an international transit through the airport without a visa as long as one does not need to leave the security area. There

7622-414: The increasing number of flights. However, in the end they were too small for the actual need, and the new terminal was built and was completed to operate in 2001. The old terminals were then demolished to make place for the current cargo terminal. In 2005, Tiger Airways started thrice-weekly flights between Hanoi and Singapore after launching direct flights between Hồ Chí Minh City and Singapore becoming

7725-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

7828-595: The investment, while the remaining amount was covered by local funds. The new international terminal was inaugurated on 4 January 2015 together with a new freeway connecting the airport to downtown Hanoi via the Nhật Tân Bridge . The airport has a 3,800-meter paved runway (CAT II – 11R/29L) which opened in August 2006 and an older 3,200-meter paved runway (CAT I – 11L/29R). The older runway was closed for upgrades for 4 months from August to December 2014. The distance between

7931-404: The latter involved Soviet-built aircraft and occurred on final approach. The deadliest one took place on 19 September 1988, when a Tupolev Tu-134A crashed on approach to Don Mueang International Airport , killing 76 of 90 aboard. The second-deadliest accident occurred on 3 September 1997, when a Tupolev Tu-134B-3 crashed after hitting trees on approach to Phnom Penh International Airport ;

8034-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

8137-539: The new Nhật Tân Bridge (also inaugurated on 4 January 2015). It can also be reached by National Road 3, which connects it with the eastern suburbs of Hanoi. The airport is also close to some satellite cities of Hanoi such as Vĩnh Yên , Bắc Ninh and Thái Nguyên . The airport served a total of 13 million passengers in 2013, despite having a capacity of only 9 million at the time. The new international terminal, which had its first commercial flight on 25 December 2014 and went into full operation on 31 December 2014, has boosted

8240-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

8343-409: The opening of the second terminal, it is now reassigned to handle domestic flights only. The terminal saw its first extension in 2013 with the inauguration of the new lobby E, and was capable of handling 9 million passengers per annum. The terminal is currently being upgraded to handle 15 million passengers annually upon completion in March 2018. The construction of the new terminal (Terminal 2) next to

8446-414: The purchase of eight Boeing 787s. In a deal valued at US$ 1.7  billion, Vietnam Airlines signed a contract with General Electric in October 2013 for 40 engines to power the Boeing 787 aircraft the airline had on order. In July 2014, a new route to Tokyo-Haneda from Hanoi was introduced. Vietnam Airlines received its first Airbus A350-900 in late June 2015, becoming the second operator of

8549-410: The rest of 1991 negotiating a deal with US authorities. Eventually, a solution stating that "[the Boeing 737] must be positioned outside Vietnam, with no logo or lettering of Vietnam Airlines. On these conditions, it could operate on behalf of Vietnam Airlines" was reached. In December 1991, Cathay Pacific and Vietnam Airlines agreed on a 50–50 joint venture to operate between Hong Kong and Vietnam, as

8652-453: The rest to be purchased by the carrier's subsidiary Vietnam Aircraft Leasing Company (VALC). These new aircraft were to allow Vietnam Airlines to expand its network and replace some leased aircraft. Regarding the delays from Boeing, CEO Pham Ngoc Minh remarked in September 2009, "We are not happy about the constant delays. It affects our business plan. We expected to get our planes in 2009, then in 2010, and now nobody can confirm to us which

8755-581: The restroom during longer flights. Refreshments are served on flights over 90 minutes, with hot meals available on flights that are longer than two hours. Economy class is available on all flights operated by Vietnam Airlines. Seats in this cabin feature seats 81 cm (32 in) in width. Seat pitch on this cabin class is 31–32 in (79–81 cm), while seat recline ranges from 6 to 13°(5-6 inches). Refreshments are offered on flights over 90 minutes, with hot meals available on flights that are longer than two hours. Lotusmiles (stylized as LotuSmiles )

8858-539: The route network comprised 14 domestic destinations (including Ban Me Thuot , Da Nang , Dien Bien Phu , Hue , Nha Trang , Phu Quoc and Pleiku ) and 16 international destinations (including Bangkok, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore). On 27 May 1995  ( 1995-05-27 ) , the airline, along with a number of other aviation-related businesses, were incorporated to establish Vietnam Airlines Corporation . Two Fokker 70s were purchased in mid-1995 for US$ 50  million; they were aimed at partly replacing

8961-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

9064-496: The same period of the previous year. This also coincided with the increase in capacity at Vietnamese airports, at 21%. In 2012, the company's total revenue totalled US$ 2.4 billion, with profits totalling US$ 3.3 million. The following year, the carrier posted a US$ 25  million gross profit. Vietnam Airlines held about 40% of the market share of international passengers flying to and from Vietnam in February 2012. At

9167-471: The same period, resulting in a 2002 profit of US$ 35.77 million. Despite the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, the airline posted a US$ 26.2 million profit for 2003. In 2006, it carried 6.8 million passengers (3.7 million international) and earned revenue of nearly US$ 1.37 billion (first 11 months). Vietnam Airlines carried more than 9 million passengers, of which 4 million were international travellers in 2007,

9270-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

9373-399: The time, Vietnam Airlines controlled 77% share of the domestic aviation market, with 14% covered by Jetstar Pacific . As of December 2012, Vietnam Airlines controlled just below 70% of the domestic market share. In July 2021, it was announced that Vietnam Airlines employees can buy 70 million shares as strategic shareholder ANA Holdings transferred 70 million shares to 15,100 employees of

9476-401: The two runways is only 250 metres, so the airport currently restricts the maximum passenger capacity in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization safety regulations. The AMAN/DMAN system was implemented at the airport in October 2021 to manage and arrange the shortest flight trajectory of each flight, allowing to increased passenger capacity and airspace operations. Following

9579-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

9682-570: The type worldwide after Qatar Airways . In August 2015  ( 2015-08 ) , the airline 's first Boeing 787-9 entered the fleet. In November 2018, the carrier received its first Airbus A321neo . Vietnam Airlines' participation in Cambodia Angkor Airlines ended in April 2020 when all the shares were sold to an undisclosed buyer, while acquiring all Qantas's stake in Jetstar Pacific, eventually rebranding

9785-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

9888-443: The year which saw the airline earning a gross profit of US$ 23 million from a revenue of US$ 1.23 billion. It also transported 115,100 tonnes of cargo. In 2009, the airline's revenue was US$ 1.3 billion, compared to US$ 1.56 billion it earned the previous year. During this period, Vietnam Airlines carried 9.3 million passengers. According to Anna.aero , Vietnam Airlines' passenger capacity for 2010 rose 30% over

9991-437: Was added, with flights offered to Bangkok . The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the expansion of the network to Hong Kong , Kuala Lumpur , Manila and Singapore . In 1990, the company initiated discussions regarding the incorporation of Western-built aircraft into the fleet. Later that year, however, the carrier had to cancel the acquisition of two Airbus A310s due to their use of US -manufactured engines. By July 1991,

10094-409: Was chosen as the host of Miss World's 60th contest in 2008. As the country's national airline , Vietnam Airlines was selected as the sponsoring airline for the beauty pageant . Therefore, it was tasked the job of managing all the transport matters for the contest, to be carried out during September and October, just before the beginning of the competition. However, it was later decided to carry out

10197-733: Was developed immediately south of the Phúc Yên Air Base and opened on 2 January 1978. Civil operation was only between communist countries, with international flights from China, East Germany, Soviet Union, and after the unification, adding other countries in the Southeast Asia region. Handling these flights were a set of three small buildings: Terminal G2 (Vietnamese: Ga 2 - Ga Quốc tế đi) for international departures, Terminal G3 (Vietnamese: Ga 3 - Ga hàng không đường bay trong nước) for domestic departures and arrivals, and Terminal G4 (Vietnamese: Ga 4 - Ga Quốc tế đến) for international arrivals. These terminals were continuously renovated to handle

10300-691: Was due to an embargo that prohibited the airline from leasing and/or buying American technology or components. The airline's development and expansion was seriously hampered by the Vietnam War (1955–1975). Following the war, its first international destination was Beijing , followed by Vientiane in 1976. During that year, the airline was known as General Department of Civil Aviation in Vietnam , and began full operations; it carried around 21,000 passengers, one-third of whom were on international flights, and 3,000 tonnes (6,600,000 lb) of cargo. In 1978, another important destination of Vietnam Airlines

10403-797: Was established by the North Vietnamese government under the name Vietnam Civil Aviation ( Vietnamese : Hàng không Việt Nam , lit.   'Vietnam Aviation') following the nationalization of Gia Lam Airport . It was instituted after the government signed the Decree No. 666/TTg. The airline was created as part of the air force for civilian purposes with support from both the Soviet Union and China ; initially, its fleet consisted of two Lisunov Li-2s that were later replaced by two Ilyushin Il-14 and three Aero Ae-45s . This

10506-518: Was established on 1 January 2009. VAECO was organized mainly upon the amalgamation of the A75 and A76 aircraft maintenance bases. VAECO carries out maintenance and technical services for Vietnam Airlines as well as for other airlines. The establishment of this company opens a new era to the aircraft maintenance field in Vietnam. As of 2013, VAECO was capable of performing a wide range of maintenance on many different aircraft types; this includes C-checks for

10609-476: Was scheduled to be restructured by 2015 to bring it in line with other state-owned enterprises and to shift its focus away from non-core businesses. Following restructuring, the airline group will consist of Vietnam Airlines itself, as well as three carriers; in total, the corporation will comprise 26 independently audited companies. In February 2012, Vietnam Airlines boosted its stake in the low-cost carrier Jetstar Pacific Airlines to 70%, with Qantas holding

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