47-533: Negeri Sembilan ( Malay pronunciation: [ˈnəgəri səmbiˈlan] , Negeri Sembilan Malay : Nogori Sombilan , Nismilan ), historically spelled as Negri Sembilan , is a state in Malaysia which lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia . It borders Selangor on the north, Pahang in the east, and Malacca and Johor to the south. Negeri Sembilan has diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. The state's mountain ranges belong to
94-597: A mountain pass on the boundary between Sungai Ujong and Terachi. The British attacked Bukit Putus from both the front and back. The Gurkhas successfully captured the Malay stockade at Bukit Putus. The Malays retreated after the surprise appearance of Sungai Ujong Resident P.J. Murray's forces from behind. The inhabitants of the Terachi Valley fled, villages were burned, and Yamtuan Antah 's palace in Seri Menanti
141-567: A city (Bandar Raya), as it had experienced significant population growth. To make this possible, its city council had to be merged with the Nilai Municipal Council . After several postponements, Seremban officially attained city status on 20 January 2020. Later that same year on 9 November, Negeri Sembilan was placed under the Movement Control Order lockdown due to increasing COVID-19 infections. Facing
188-582: A variant or dialect of the Minangkabau language ; lexical and phonological studies, however, indicate that it is more closely related to Standard Malay than it is to Minangkabau. The Minangkabau people began migrating from the Sumatra highlands to the Malay Peninsula in the 14th century. Migration skyrocketed from the 15th century to the 16th century. At that time, trade activity through
235-525: A year. Dry seasons usually starts shortly after the first monsoonal transition and lasts until August to September, as the moisture brought by the southwesterly Indo-Australian Monsoon are blocked by the Barisan Mountains in Sumatera , creating a rainshadow effect on the eastern coast of the island and the Malay Peninsula . In the corresponding Borneo-Australian Monsoon that blows from
282-528: Is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan , including Alor Gajah and parts of Jasin District in northern Malacca , and parts of Segamat District in the northernmost part of Johor . The language is spoken by the descendants of Minangkabau settlers from Sumatra , who have migrated to Negeri Sembilan since as early as the 14th century. It is often considered
329-600: Is mainly based on agriculture, manufacturing and services . Seremban and Port Dickson Districts are the state's major economic hubs, both constituting the Malaysia Vision Valley corridor. The name is believed to derive from the nine ( sembilan ) villages or nagari in the Minangkabau language (now known as luak ) settled by the Minangkabau (or Menangkabau ), a people originally from West Sumatra (in present-day Indonesia). Minangkabau features are still visible today in traditional architecture and
376-604: Is the fourth smallest state in Malaysia by area and the second largest in the southern region behind Johor. Its shape is roughly pentagonal . Topographically, Negeri Sembilan consists of two plains divided by a mountainous spine in the middle. This region is well drained by various rivers on both sides. The Titiwangsa Mountains , the southernmost extension of the Tenasserim Hills and the wider Indo-Malayan Cordillera, spans approximately 92 km (57.1 mi) through
423-625: The Malay Annals , Parameswara reportedly visited the settlement of Sening Ujong , which was located in what is now Seremban. The Minangkabaus from Sumatra settled in what is today Negeri Sembilan in the 15th century, under the protection of the Malacca Sultanate and later the Sultanate of Johor . They also brought their matrilineal custom, known as Adat Perpatih , which became the local custom. The Linggi River along
470-528: The Undangs , thus they are known as the Luak Berundang . In addition, there are four luaks that are protected under two of the Luak Berundang , which are Gemencheh, Ayer Kuning and Pasir Besar, which are protectorates of Johol; as well as Linggi, a protectorate of Sungai Ujong. The luaks surrounding Seri Menanti such as Terachi, Ulu Muar, Jempol, Gunung Pasir and Ineh are collectively known as
517-621: The British intervened militarily in a leadership tussle in Sungai Ujong to preserve British economic interests and placed the domain under the control of a British Resident . Jelebu followed in 1883 and Rembau in 1887. Their presence was detested by the locals, which eventually paved the way to a deadly civil war and subsequent breakup. In 1875, British forces, accompanied by Arab mercenaries and Gurkha , engaged Malay defenders in Paroi at
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#1732772857357564-625: The Federation of Malaya in 1948 and became a state of Malaysia in 1963. In the 1990s and 2000s, Seremban and Nilai attracted people who migrated from the overcrowded towns of the Klang Valley. These two cities also became home to new factories and industrial parks, contributing to the state's modern development. On 9 September 2009, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government approved the state capital of Seremban's application to become
611-694: The Johor Sultanate . In the 18th century, the Johor Sultanate received several attacks and was in an unpeaceful state. During this period, Negeri Sembilan was under the Bugis , insofar as the Datuks of Negeri Sembilan cooperated to make a request to the Sultan of Johor ( Abdul Jalil Shah IV ) to invite a king from Pagaruyung to make him the leader, a request which was accepted. The invitation of
658-678: The Luak Tanah Mengandung . Lastly, the Luak of Tampin, also known as the Adat Territory of Tampin (Malay: Wilayah Adat Tampin ), holds a semi-autonomous status and is ruled by the Tunku Besar . Negeri Sembilan experiences equatorial climate ( Köppen climate classification : Af ), which is hot and humid all year round. Thunderstorms are mostly prevalent during the period of monsoonal transitions that occur twice
705-704: The Naning War . Ulu Pahang became the Bera region of Pahang, Segamat was annexed by Johor, and Klang became part of the Kuala Langat region of Selangor. After Raja Melewar's death in 1795, a series of disputes arose over the succession. For a considerable period, the local nobles appealed to the Minangkabau ruler in Sumatra for a new ruler. However, competing interests supported different candidates, often resulting in further instability and civil war. In 1874,
752-589: The Orang Asli , the native people of the Malay Peninsula. The opening of new mukims inland resulted in the formation of nine nagaris – also known as luaks – that were governed by Penghulus . The nagaris were: These nine nagaris later formed a confederation that was called the Board of Negeri Sembilan ( Malay : Lembaga Negeri Sembilan ). This confederation was under the protection of
799-635: The Proto-Malay people group found in Negeri Sembilan and Pahang states of Malaysia . They are divided into two major groups, namely: The 2010 census, the Temoq people were included in the Semelai population due to the small numbers of Temoq people . Semelai music has been passed down for generations with little modification to suit modern times. There are two musical instruments used;
846-530: The Rebana and Gong (including both "male" and "female" Gongs ). This musical style is often performed in community halls or houses during feasts, weddings, circumcision ceremonies, gatherings and welcoming visitors for the purpose of entertainment. This music is performed with songs sung in Semelai language . There are also dances but it is only done with regulation and under certain requirements. The music of
893-452: The Strait of Malacca increased and many migrants were granted protection by the Malacca Sultanate . From the ports of Malacca, groups and groups of Minangkabau settlers started venturing inland. This was the first migration wave of Minangkabau people to Malacca. Most of the Minangkabau migrants were from Luhak Tanah Datar and Luhak Lima Puluh Kota . This first wave of migration resulted in
940-492: The Strait of Malacca , Negeri Sembilan is one of the West Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia . It is specifically part of the southern region, along with Malacca and Johor. However, some sources define Negeri Sembilan as a central region state with Selangor and the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya . The state is slightly smaller than Selangor , with a total land area of 6,686 km² (430 sq mi). It
987-636: The Titiwangsa Mountains , a southern subrange of the Tenasserim Hills that span throughout southern Myanmar, southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with Mount Besar Hantu as the highest point. The Titiwangsa also ends here, at Mount Tampin , located south of the state. The capital of Negeri Sembilan is Seremban . The royal capital is Seri Menanti in Kuala Pilah District . Other important towns are Port Dickson (town) , Bahau and Nilai . The economy of Negeri Sembilan
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#17327728573571034-899: The Wisma Negeri in the state capital, Seremban . The State Executive Council consists of the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister), who is its chairman, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and the other members of the council are appointed by the Yang Di-Pertuan Besar from the members of the State Assembly of the governing party or coalition. The current Menteri Besar of the state is Aminuddin Harun . Negeri Sembilan Malay Negeri Sembilan Malay ( Baso Nogoghi or Baso Nismilan ; Malay : Bahasa Melayu Negeri Sembilan ; Jawi : بهاس ملايو نڬري سمبيلن)
1081-462: The dialect of Malay spoken . Unlike the hereditary monarchs of the other royal Malay states , the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is elected and is known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar instead of Sultan . He is elected by the council of Undangs who lead the four largest territories of Sungai Ujong , Jelebu , Johol , and Rembau , from the legitimate male members of the Pagaruyung dynasty, with
1128-531: The Battle of Paroi. Despite initial setbacks, the British ultimately prevailed, capturing the Malay stronghold. Casualties were heavy on both sides, with the British and Arab contingents suffering 37 killed and wounded, while the Malay had around 35 deaths and many wounded. After the Battle of Paroi, the British waited for Gurkha reinforcements, which arrived on 10 December 1875. The Malays fortified Bukit Putus,
1175-498: The Minangkabau people of Sumatra for 500–600 years. This resulted in Negeri Sembilan Malay developing its own unique features. (SM ≙ NSM) (SM) (NSM) (SM ≙ NSM) (SM) (NSM) According to Reniwati (2012), Negeri Sembilan Malay has a lexical similarity of 94.74% with Standard Malay and a lexical similarity of 83.16% with Minangkabau. Semelai people Semelai people are an Orang Asli people of
1222-541: The Pasoh Caves, a complex of karst caves near Simpang Pertang in the Jelebu district. Artefacts found around the caves include stone tools and food remains, estimated to date from 12,000 BCE based on carbon dating . The early inhabitants of Negeri Sembilan were the ancestors of the Semelai , Semai , Semang , and Jakun peoples, who lived either as hunter-gatherer nomads or as subsistence farmers. According to
1269-632: The Ruler of Negeri Sembilan is elected to his office by the territorial chiefs or Ruling Chiefs of the state. These Ruling Chiefs are titled Undang. Only four of the Undangs have the right to vote in the election for the Ruler of the State. They are: The Undang themselves cannot stand for election, and their choice of Ruler is limited to a male Muslim who is Malay and also a "lawfully begotten descendant of Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang". The Assembly convenes at
1316-637: The Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea . As Johor weakened in the 18th century, attacks by the Bugis forced the Minangkabaus to seek protection from their homeland. The Minangkabau ruler, Sultan Abdul Jalil, obliged by sending his near relative, Raja Mahmud, also known as Raja Melewar . When Raja Melewar arrived, he found that another royal, Raja Khatib had already established himself as ruler. He declared war against Raja Khatib and became
1363-704: The Yang di-Pertuan Besar, Undang of Sungei Ujong, Undang of Jelebu, Undang of Johol, Undang of Rembau and Tengku Besar Tampin are vested with the Executive Power of the state, are the Head of the Religion of Islam in the state and are the fountain of all honour and dignity for the state. The current Yang di-Pertuan Besar is Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan . He succeeded Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan who died on 27 December 2008. Unlike Malaysia's eight other Royal Malay states,
1410-560: The administrative level, Negeri Sembilan consists of seven districts, namely the Port Dickson , Seremban , Rembau , Kuala Pilah , Jelebu , Jempol and Tampin Districts . The state is also has 14 luaks which are: Sungai Ujong , Rembau, Jelebu, Johol , Tampin , Ulu Muar , Terachi , Ineh , Jempol, Gunung Pasir , Gemencheh , Pasir Besar , Ayer Kuning , and Linggi . Sungai Ujong, Rembau, Johol and Jelebu are governed by
1457-502: The border with Pahang , is the highest point in Negeri Sembilan. The nearby Mount Nuang , which is 31 metres taller, marks the tripoint with Selangor and Pahang at its northernmost point, of which it is the third tallest in the former; while in the south, Mount Ledang , an isolated mountain , marks the tripoint with Malacca and Johor , where it is the highest point of the latter at 1,276 m (4,186.3 ft). On
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1504-532: The districts of Jelebu, Kuala Pilah, Jempol, and Tampin. The western half is more developed and has an intricate and concentrated road network compared to the latter, which is predominantly rural. The Negeri Sembilan section of the Titiwangsa Mountains forms a division for four river basins. The Langat and Linggi Rivers flows through the western half, while the Muar and Pahang Rivers constitute
1551-675: The eastern side. The Linggi and Muar rivers are the two major rivers flowing through the state and serve as significant water sources for the population. Its rainforests form part of the Titiwangsa Forest Complex , a component of the Central Forest Spine conservation area that covers much of the heavily forested and mountainous interior of Peninsular Malaysia. Mount Besar Hantu , at 1,462 m (4,797 ft), located in Jelebu District and close to
1598-503: The entire modern-day Negeri Sembilan, it also encompassed parts of what are now Selangor, Malacca, Pahang and Johor. The original nine chiefdoms or domains that made up the first incarnation of Negeri Sembilan in 1773, and gave the state its name, were: However, the latter four chiefdoms were annexed into neighbouring states in the 19th century. Naning was incorporated into the Straits Settlement of Malacca in 1832 following
1645-585: The influence of English as an administrative language of the Federated Malay States which Negeri Sembilan became a part of whereas the Minangkabau homeland became a part of the Dutch 's Sumatra's Westkust itself instating Dutch into the those people's vernacular. Further incorporation of modern Malaysian and Indonesian variants by the two modern nation-states continues the trend. The Minangkabau people of Negeri Sembilan have been separated from
1692-496: The king ( Raja Melewar ) brought along the second migration wave of Minangkabau people and resulted in the formation of the state of Negeri Sembilan with the Yamtuan Besar as its leader and Adat Perpatih as its law. The two migration waves of Minangkabau people and the assimilation of the Minangkabau language to those of the natives resulted in the formation of Negeri Sembilan Malay. This Malay variety later diverged by
1739-488: The middle of the state. The mountain range starts from the border tripoint with Pahang and Selangor near Kenaboi, Jelebu , and extends towards Tampin , close to the border with Malacca . This geographical feature results in the state being bisected almost diagonally into two regions; western Negeri Sembilan, consisting of the Port Dickson, Seremban, and Rembau Districts; and eastern Negeri Sembilan, which includes
1786-472: The migrants from Tanah Datar formed the Tanah Datar clan. These migrants also formed three other clans which resulted from intermarriages with communities already settled where the aforementioned Tanah Datar migrants migrated to. These clans were: The Biduanda clan were seen as the leader of the clans that were present because they formed as a result of the intermingling between the Minangkabau people and
1833-529: The new state's first Resident , and Negeri Sembilan became part of the Federated Malay States the same year. In the first half of the 20th century, rural Negeri Sembilan saw large deforestation due to demand for natural rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ); 6,188 plantations were counted in 1903 and were 396,065 counted in 1939. It was occupied by the Japanese in World War II between 1942 and 1945, joined
1880-473: The northeast, Negeri Sembilan, along with the states of Melaka, Johor, and the East Coast states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang are the most affected by the monsoonal surge that brings persistently heavy rainfall and cause rough sea conditions in the South China Sea . The Constitution of Negeri Sembilan came into force on 26 March 1959. It is divided into two sections. The constitution establishes that
1927-412: The opening of a new mukim . The number of inhabitants inland started increasing due to the rise of migrants and those migrants developed into their own groups of communities. These groups resulted in the creation of 12 clans ( suku ) as a whole. Different from in Sumatra, the naming of the clans were done based on the origin of the migrants. Migrants from Lima Puluh Kota formed the clans: Meanwhile,
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1974-468: The ruler of Negeri Sembilan. The Sultan of Johor confirmed his position by granting the title Yamtuan Seri Menanti ( "He Who is Highest Lord of the Seri Menanti ") in 1773. At the time of its establishment, Negeri Sembilan was originally a loose confederation of nine chiefdoms ( luaks) , hence the name. During Raja Melewar's rule, it covered a larger area than its modern-day boundaries. In addition to
2021-486: The state is Darul Khusus (دار الخصوص; "The Special Abode"). The name of Negeri Sembilan literally translates to "State (of the) Nine". It is believed to have been derived from the nine chiefdoms settled by the Minangkabau , known as Nogoghi in the Negeri Sembilan dialect and now known as luak . The size of modern Negeri Sembilan is smaller than its historical extent. The earliest possible human settlement in Negeri Sembilan can be traced back around 14,000 years to
2068-709: The state's form of government is constitutional monarchy and the world's only elective monarchy for a matrilineal society. The system was partially the basis for the federal monarchy. The official constitutional title of the Ruler of the state are Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan , (currently Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Tuanku Muhriz ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir), Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Sungei Ujong, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Jelebu, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Johol, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Rembau and Yang Teramat Mulia Tengku Besar Tampin and they hold office for life. The state's constitution proclaims
2115-462: The surviving sons of the previous Yamtuan coming first in the considerations but not being obligatory to be voted on, making it one of the more democratic monarchies. Negeri Sembilan is also the only state in Malaysia that is a coregency , where the Yang di-Pertuan Besar , the four Undangs and the Tunku Besar of Tampin together share the power as rulers of the state. The Arabic honorific title of
2162-777: The western part of the state, and the Muar River were used as major trade routes since the time of the Malacca Sultanate. The former linked the tin-rich area of Sungai Ujong to the port city of Malacca ; while the latter, along with the Pahang River via the Serting River in walking distance to the east, formed part of the Laluan Penarikan (lit. 'portage route' in Malay ), facilitating access between
2209-579: Was destroyed. The formation of modern Negeri Sembilan began in 1889, when the Seri Menanti domain, under the rule of Tuanku Muhammad (son of Yamtuan Antah ), combined with the domains of Tampin and Rembau , forming the Seri Menanti Confederation as a single political entity. The domains of Sungai Ujong and Jelebu joined this confederation in 1895, forming the state of Negeri Sembilan in its modern borders. Martin Lister became
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