130-462: [REDACTED] Kingdom of Nepal [REDACTED] Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) 2002 2003 2004 2005 The Nepalese Civil War was a protracted armed conflict that took place in the then Kingdom of Nepal from 1996 to 2006. It saw countrywide fighting between the Kingdom rulers and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) , with the latter making significant use of guerrilla warfare . The conflict began on 13 February 1996, when
260-533: A Gorkha monarch who claimed to be of Thakuri origin from chaubisi , it existed for 240 years until the abolition of the Nepalese monarchy in 2008. During this period, Nepal was formally under the rule of the Shah dynasty , which exercised varying degrees of power during the kingdom's existence. After the invasion of Tibet and plundering of Digarcha by Nepali forces under Prince Regent Bahadur Shah in 1792,
390-944: A Seven Party Alliance (SPA) . On 22 November 2005, with support from the Indian government , Maoist rebels and the SPA jointly issued a 12-point resolution, which described autocratic monarchy as the main obstacle to "democracy, peace, prosperity, social upliftment and an independent and sovereign Nepal", and included a commitment to hold elections to a constituent assembly and for the Maoist rebels to renounce violence. In 2006, violent conflict decreased significantly, and instead, resistance transformed into non-violent pro-democracy demonstrations. The municipal elections held in February were boycotted by seven major parties. Instead, over 70 minor political parties promoted candidates. Officially, voter turnaround
520-511: A shooting-spree , assassinating 9 members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya , before shooting himself. Due to his survival, he temporarily became king before dying of his wounds, after which Prince Gyanendra (Birendra's brother) inherited the throne, according to tradition. The massacre shattered the aura of mythology that still surrounded the Royal Family, exposing their far too human intrigues. Meanwhile,
650-620: A Maoist revolutionary strategy known as the people's war , which led to the Nepalese Civil War . Led by Dr. Baburam Bhattarai and Pushpa Kamal Dahal (better known by his nom de guerre "Prachanda"), the insurgency began in five districts in Nepal: Rolpa , Rukum , Jajarkot , Gorkha , and Sindhuli . The Maoists declared the existence of a provisional "people's government" at the district level in several locations. On 1 June 2001, Crown Prince Dipendra allegedly went on
780-479: A brother of the king) passed Dharampani and faced strong tussle but ultimately won over the defenders. The third part of the forces, led by the king himself, advanced to the fort of Nuwakotgadhi after the capture of Mahamandal. The soldiers panicked by death of their commander fled to Belkot ( Jayant Rana Magar second fort) from the Nuwakot fort and Nuwakot was annexed by Gorkha. Despite his initial resentment that
910-715: A couple of important temples and festivals dedicated to the major Nath teachers. Immediately before the rule of Gorkha by the Shahs, Gorkha was inhabited by both aboriginee Aryan and Tibetan Mongoloid ethnic groups Magars the largest among the ethnic groups and ruled by the Magars , Khadka Magar sub-clan of Rana-Magar and Ghale Magar sub-clan of Thapa-Magar clan, who were probably of Magar origin. At first, Dravya Shah captured Liglig-kot kingdom from Magars King Dalsur Ghale Magar. Gangaram Rana Magar also helped Drabya Shah. After captured Ligligkot, (now Gorkha) Dravya Shah defeated
1040-793: A fifth term by President Bidya Devi Bhandari in accordance with Article 76(5) of the Constitution of Nepal the next day. Deuba is married to Arzu Rana Deuba . They have a son, Jaybir Sing Deuba. Deuba was born on 13 June 1946 in Ashigram , Dadeldhura . He completed his primary education from Ashigram Primary School. He then attended Mahendra High School in Doti where he completed his School Leaving Certificate exam. He moved to Kathmandu for his higher education and in 1963 enrolled in Tri-Chandra College . In 1988, Deuba, with
1170-413: A figurehead role. The Rana rule was marked by tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation and religious persecution. In July 1950, the newly independent Republic of India signed a friendship treaty in which both nations agreed to respect the other's sovereignty as well as continue to have an open border . In November of the same year, India played an important role in supporting King Tribhuvan , whom
1300-537: A line of "protracted armed struggle on the route to a new democratic revolution", and decided that the party would remain an underground party. In the 1991 election , the UPFN became the third-largest party in the Nepali parliament . However, disagreements within the UPFN surged, regarding which tactics were to be used by the party. One group, led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) , argued for immediate armed revolution, while
1430-576: A majority in the House of Representatives . He resigned in February 2018 to make way for the new government. In the contest for parliamentary party leader he defeated Prakash Man Singh . After KP Sharma Oli lost a no-confidence motion against him, Deuba was proposed as prime minister by the CPN (Maoist Centre) and some members of the opposition CPN (UML) . President Bidhya Devi Bhandari denied this claim and reappointed Oli as prime minister who requested that
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#17327733812671560-607: A manner that the Chinese goods became cheaper than the Indian goods. This led to the souring of relations which were already strained over the purchase of Chinese arms by Nepal in 1988. India refused to renew two separate Treaties of Trade and Transit and insisted on a single treaty dealing with the two issues, which was not acceptable to Nepal. A deadlock ensued and the Treaties of Trade and Transit expired on 23 March 1989. The brunt of
1690-461: A multiparty parliament. In May 1991, Nepal held its first parliamentary elections in nearly 50 years. The Nepali Congress won 110 of the 205 seats and formed the first elected government in 32 years. In 1992, in a situation of economic crisis and chaos, with spiraling prices as a result of the implementation of changes in the policy of the new Congress government, the radical left stepped up their political agitation. A Joint People's Agitation Committee
1820-593: A narrow victory. The king carried out the promised reforms, including a selection of the prime minister by the Rashtriya Panchayat. There was resentment against the authoritarian regime and the curbs on the freedom of the political parties. There was a widespread feeling of the palace being non-representative of the masses, especially when the Marich Man Singh government faced political scandals on charges of misappropriation of funds allotted for
1950-455: A new commission in its favor. In 2016, commissioner Madhabi Bhatta of the TRC, a hardliner advocating that amnesty will not be given to perpetrators of serious crimes and that no one has immunity, said on national television that even Prachanda , the then-Prime Minister and former supreme commander of the guerrillas, will be questioned by the commission, reporting that she felt security threats from
2080-405: A new constitution, and the first democratic elections for a national assembly were held. The Nepali Congress, a moderate socialist group, gained a substantial victory in the election. Its leader, B.P. Koirala, formed a government and served as prime minister. After a period of power wrangling between the king and the elected government, Mahendra dissolved the democratic experiment in 1960. Declaring
2210-698: A part of the Republic of India . Sikkim remained independent until annexed into India in 1975 when it becomes the 22nd state of the Republic of India . However, in 1860 the British returned the authority over some of Nepal's land in the Terai back to Nepal (known as Naya Muluk , new country) as an act of gratitude for Nepalese support to Britain during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . Factionalism among
2340-837: A police station in Pulchok (Patan), left two activists dead. Later in the day, a mass rally of the Agitation Committee at Tundikhel in the capital Kathmandu was attacked by police forces. As a result, riots broke out and the Nepal Telecommunications building was set on fire; police opened fire at the crowd, killing several people. The Human Rights Organization of Nepal estimated that 14 people, including several onlookers, had been killed in police firing. When promised land reforms failed to appear, people in some districts started to organize to enact their own land reform and to gain some power over their lives in
2470-560: A position that he held for eight years. Deuba was arrested in connection with the Jaisidewal bomb plot. He served nine years in jail during the 1970s and 80s for his participation in pro-democracy activities. After the 1990 revolution , Deuba came back from London and was elected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 1991 election from Nepali Congress . He became Home Minister in Girija Prasad Koirala 's cabinet. He
2600-916: A result of the conflict. Furthermore, this conflict disrupted most rural development activities. The revolution resulted in political, social and cultural change in Nepal. As a transitional justice mechanism, in July 2007, the Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction proposed legislation that would establish a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Nepal. The parliament set up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate: "Murder, abduction and taking of hostage, causing mutilation and disability, physical or mental torture, rape and sexual violence, looting, possession, damage or arson of private or public property, forced eviction from house and land or any other kind of displacement, and any kind of inhuman acts inconsistent with
2730-461: A result of the massacre, King Gyanendra returned to the throne. His imposition of direct rule in 2005 provoked a protest movement unifying the Maoist insurgency and pro-democracy activists. He was eventually forced to restore the House of Representatives , which in 2007 adopted an interim constitution greatly restricting the powers of the Nepalese monarchy. Following an election held the next year ,
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#17327733812672860-603: A result of this takeover, the United Kingdom and India both suspended their material support for Nepal. According to reports by Nepali newspaper Kantipur , China supplied arms and military equipment to the Gyanendra regime in November 2005; it was the first time China provided arms during the decade long conflict. On 5 May 2005, in response to the takeover by King Gyanendra, seven political parties began talks to form
2990-540: A treaty. After a month, the Treaty of Thapathali was signed which was more favourable to Nepal. The Rana regime, a tightly centralized autocracy , pursued a policy of isolating Nepal from external influences. This policy helped Nepal maintain its national independence during the British colonial era , but it also impeded the country's economic development and modernisation. The Ranas were staunchly pro-British and assisted
3120-467: A year ago. He had a fiery conversation with Vamsharaj before Vamsharaj was declared guilty and was subsequently executed by beheading on the tribunal. Historian Rishikesh Shah and Ganga Karmacharya claim that he was executed in March 1785, whereas Bhadra Ratna Bajracharya and Tulsi Ram Vaidya claim that he was executed on 21 April 1785. On 2 July 1785, Swaroop Singh's opponent Prince Regent Bahadur Shah
3250-511: Is Ram Chandra Hamal, a member of the Nepali Congress and killed during his imprisonment. People in rural areas had expected that their interests would be better represented after the adoption of parliamentary democracy in 1990. The Nepali Congress with the support of "Alliance of leftist parties" decided to launch a decisive agitational movement, Jana Andolan , which forced the monarchy to accept constitutional reforms and to establish
3380-727: Is a Nepali politician and former prime minister of Nepal . He has also been serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2016. Deuba has served five terms as prime minister (1995–1997, 2001–2002, 2004–2005, 2017–2018 and 2021–2022) and is the Member of Parliament for the parliamentary constituency of Dadeldhura 1 . Born and raised in Ashigram , a remote village in Dadeldhura , Deuba completed his primary education there and his secondary education in Doti . He completed his higher education at Tri-Chandra College In 1991, he
3510-452: Is a temple dedicated to Gorakhnath as well as another dedicated to Gorakhkali, a corresponding female deity. The Nepali geographical encyclopedia 'Mechi dekhi Mahakali' (From Mechi to Mahakali) published in B.S. 2013 (1974–75 AD) by the authoritarian Panchayat government to mark the coronation of King Birendra Shah agrees with the association of the name of the place with the saint but does not add any further detail. The facts regarding when
3640-612: The Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16). The Treaty of Sugauli was signed in 1816, ceding large parts of the Nepali territories of the Terai and Sikkim , which accounted to nearly one-third of the country, to the East India Company in exchange for Nepalese autonomy . As the territories were not restored to Nepal by the British government when India became independent from British rule , most of these lands later became
3770-525: The Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816), which resulted in Nepal's defeat. Under the Treaty of Sugauli , the kingdom retained its internal independence, but in exchange for territorial concessions, marking the Mechi and Sharda rivers as the boundary of Nepalese territories. The territory of the kingdom before the Sugauli treaty is sometimes nascently referred to as Greater Nepal . In the political scenario,
3900-579: The Chaubise principality called the Gorkha Kingdom . In Nepal, the warrior people are not referred to as 'Gurkhas', they are called 'Gorkhalis', meaning the 'inhabitants of Gorkha.' Their famed battle cry is "Jai Kali , Jai Gorakhnath , Jai Manakamana " . The etymology of the geographical name 'Gorkha' is indeed related to the Hindu mendicant-saint Gorakhnath . In the village of Gorkha, there
4030-583: The Dalai Lama and Chinese Ambans reported to the Chinese administration for military support. The Chinese and Tibetan forces under Fuk'anggan attacked Nepal but went for negotiations after failure at Nuwakot. Mulkaji Damodar Pande , who was the most influential among the four Kajis , was appointed after the removal of Bahadur Shah. Chief Kaji ( Mulkaji ) Kirtiman Singh Basnyat , tried to protect king Girvan Yuddha Shah and keep former king, Rana Bahadur Shah away from Nepal. However, on 4 March 1804,
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4160-601: The House of Representatives be dissolved and called for new elections. This was met by a legal challenge in the Supreme Court which ruled in favor of restoring the lower house and appointing Deuba as prime minister in July 2021. Deuba was then appointed prime minister for the fifth time. At the party's 14th general convention in December 2021, he faced a challenge from Shekhar Koirala , Prakash Man Singh , Bimalendra Nidhi and Kalyan Gurung. Deuba got 48% of
4290-651: The House of Representatives , which satisfied the SPA, who formed the reinstated house. On 9 August, the government and the Maoist rebels agreed to accept the United Nations to monitor the peace process and to manage the arms of both sides. On 21 November, the government, the SPA , and the Maoist rebels signed the Comprehensive Peace Accord , which formally ended the civil war. The Civil War forced young workers to seek work abroad, predominantly in
4420-705: The Kot Massacre . However, Jung Bahadur emerged victorious eventually and founded the Rana dynasty ; the monarch was made a titular figure, and the post of Prime Minister was made powerful and hereditary, held by the Ranas. Jung Bahadur Rana sent forces under his brothers Bam Bahadur Kunwar and Dhir Shamsher Rana to attack Tibet again to achieve complete victory. His forces succeeded in defeating Tibetan forces on two sides. The Tibetan team arrived in January 1856 to sign
4550-535: The Maoists for negotiations and agreed upon a cease-fire with them until the end of negotiations. The special Socio-Economic Reform Programs which covered land reforms, abolition of social discrimination, electoral reforms and women's property rights were brought in by his government as preemptive measures before negotiations with the Maoists. Following a breakdown in negotiations, the Maoists resumed their attacks on
4680-570: The Nepalese Constituent Assembly formally abolished the kingdom in its first session on 28 May 2008, declaring the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal in its place. Until the abolition of the monarchy, Nepal was the world's only country to have Hinduism as its state religion ; since becoming a republic, the country is now formally a secular state . The country was expanded from the one of
4810-615: The Persian Gulf and south-east Asia . The economy of Nepal is still heavily dependent on the infusion of foreign income from these migrant workers. As a result of the civil war, Nepal's tourism industry suffered considerably. More than 17,000 people (including both civilians and armed forces) were killed during the conflict, including over 4,000 Nepalese killed by Maoists from 1996 to 2005, and over 8,200 Nepalese killed by government forces from 1996 to 2005. In addition, an estimated 100,000 to 150,000 people were internally displaced as
4940-426: The Shah monarchs . Perpetrated by Prince Dipendra , the heir apparent to the Nepali throne, there were ten deaths and five injuries – four injured victims and one self-inflicted injury on Dipendra after shooting himself in the head in an apparent suicide attempt. Dipendra fell into a coma for three days before dying, during which he was crowned as the new king. On 25 July 2001, the government of Sher Bahadur Deuba and
5070-645: The United Left Front (ULF) was formed, which, together with the Nepali Congress , was the backbone of the movement for democratic change. However, communist groups, uncomfortable with the alliance between the ULF and the Congress, formed a parallel front: the United National People's Movement (UNPM) . The UNPM called for elections to a constituent assembly , and rejected compromises made by
5200-676: The rise of the Maoists and he later declared a state of emergency and listed the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) as a "terrorist organisation". He was dismissed by King Gyanendra in October 2002, but after a public backlash, he was reappointed prime minister in June 2004. He was arrested after the 2005 coup d'état by King Gyanendra , and released in February 2006 after the Supreme Court declared his arrest unlawful. Deuba
5330-539: The British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and later in both World Wars . At the same time, despite Chinese claims, the British supported Nepalese independence at the beginning of the twentieth century. In December 1923, Britain and Nepal formally signed a treaty of perpetual peace and friendship superseding the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 and upgrading the British resident in Kathmandu to an envoy. Slavery
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5460-465: The CPN (Maoist) initiated an insurgency with the stated purpose of overthrowing the Nepali monarchy and establishing a people's republic ; it ended with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Accord on 21 November 2006. The civil war was characterized by numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity , including summary executions , massacres , purges , kidnappings , and mass rapes . It resulted in
5590-593: The CPN(M) carried out seven simultaneous attacks over six districts. Initially, the government mobilized the Nepal Police to contain the insurgency. The Royal Nepal Army was not involved in direct fighting because the conflict was regarded as a policing matter. On Friday, 1 June 2001, King Birendra , and his entire family were killed in a massacre at the Narayanhiti Palace – the official residence of
5720-614: The Gorkha Kingdom into the Kingdom of Nepal, died in Nuwakot . Swarup Singh Karki , a shrewd Gorkhali courtier from a Chhetri family of eastern Nepal, marched with an army to Nuwakot to confine Prince Bahadur Shah who was then mourning the death of his father. He confined Bahadur Shah and Dal Mardan Shah with the consent from newly reigning King Pratap Singh Shah who was considered to have no distinction of right and wrong. In
5850-834: The Gorkhali forces but were ultimately forced to vacate the Gadhi (fort) after midnight. About 500 soldiers of Hariharpur died in the battle. Mir Qasim , the Nawab of Bengal extended his help to kings of Kathmandu valley with his forces to attack the Gorkhali forces. On 20 January 1763, Gorkhali commander Vamsharaj Pande won the battle against Mir Qasim. Similarly, Captain Kinloch of British East India Company also extended his support by sending contingents against Gorkhalis. King Prithvi Narayan sent Kaji Vamsharaj Pande, Naahar Singh Basnyat , Jeeva Shah, Ram Krishna Kunwar and others to defeat
5980-432: The Gorkhali palace in Nuwakot. A stalemate ensued when Fuk'anggan was keen to protect his troops and wanted to negotiate at Nuwakot. The treaty was favouring more to Chinese side where Nepal had to send tributes to the Chinese emperor. Damodar Pande was appointed as one of the four Kajis by King Rana Bahadur Shah after the removal of Chautariya Bahadur Shah in 1794. Pande was the most influential and dominant amongst
6110-743: The King Mansingh Khadka Magar in 1559 AD and commenced Shah rule over the principality. Prithvi Narayan Shah belonged to the ninth generation of the Shahs in Gorkha. He took the reins of power in 1742 AD. King Prithvi Narayan Shah , the ruler of the small principality of Gorkha , initially drafted the Gorkhali Army . The Chief of the Gorkhali Army were drawn from Chhetri noble families of Gorkha such as Pande family , Basnyat family and Thapa dynasty before
6240-722: The Majh Kirant (Khambuwan) and Saptari region with fellow commander Abhiman Singh Basnyat . He then crossed the Arun river to reach Chainpur ( Limbuwan ), where he later achieved victory over the Kiratas. King Prithvi Narayan Shah bestowed 22 pairs of Shirpau (special headgear) in appreciation to Ram Krishna Kunwar after his victory over the Kirata region. In 1775, the King Prithvi Narayan Shah , who expanded
6370-436: The Maoist insurgents declared a ceasefire , and held peace talks from August to November of that year. The failure of these peace talks resulted in the return to armed conflict, beginning with the Maoist attack on an army barracks in Dang District in western Nepal, on 22 November. The situation changed dramatically in 2002, as the number of attacks by both sides increased greatly, and more people died than in any other year of
6500-625: The Maoist rebellion escalated, and in October 2002 the king temporarily deposed the government and took complete control of it. A week later he reappointed another government, but the country was still unstable because of the civil war with the Maoists, the various clamouring political factions, the king's attempts to take more control of the government, and worries about the competence of Gyanendra's son and heir, Prince Paras . Sher Bahadur Deuba Sher Bahadur Deuba ( Nepali : शेरबहादुर देउवा , pronounced [seɾ baːduɾ deu̯ba] ; born 13 June 1946, Ashigram , Kingdom of Nepal )
6630-544: The Maoists dominated the rural areas. In August 2004, the Maoists declared a week-long blockade of Kathmandu city which was later called off. On 1 February 2005, in response to the inability of the relatively democratic government to restore order, King Gyanendra seized direct power and declared a state of emergency in an attempt to definitively end the insurgency. He proclaimed, "democracy and progress contradict one another...in pursuit of liberalism, we should never overlook an important aspect of our conduct, namely discipline." As
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#17327733812676760-419: The Maoists refused to recognize the continued survival of a constitutional monarchy . In November 2004, the government rejected both the Maoists' request to negotiate directly with King Gyanendra rather than via Prime Minister Deuba, and the Maoists' request for discussions to be mediated by a third party such as the United Nations. Throughout the war, the government controlled the main cities and towns, while
6890-419: The Marich Man Singh government was dismissed and Lokendra Bahadur Chand became the Prime Minister on the same day. However, the agitating mob was not satisfied with the change of government as they were not against the Singh government per se but against the party-less system. On 16 April the Chand government was also dismissed and a Royal Proclamation was issued the next day which dissolved the National Panchayat,
7020-641: The NA stated that it could not start the recruitment process of former Maoist combatants until the structure—leadership and size—of the General Directorate had been finalised at the political level. On 19 April 2012, the three major political parties agreed to merge two separate proposed commissions on Truth and Reconciliation, and on Disappearances, into one. Kathmandu days: The blight and the plight by Chandra k bhatt published by Niyogi books, New Delhi 2016. Kingdom of Nepal Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy (1990–2002; 2002–2005; 2006–2008) The Kingdom of Nepal ( Nepali : नेपाल अधिराज्य )
7150-440: The NC tried to utilize B.P. Koirala's anniversary by launching a people's awareness program. The left-wing alliance known as the United Left Front (ULF) extended its support to the NC in its campaign for a party system. On 18–19 January 1990, the NC held a conference in which leaders from various countries and members of the foreign Press were invited. Leaders from India attended the conference; Germany, Japan, Spain, Finland supported
7280-478: The Nepali Congress (Democratic) with the Nepali Congress. He was elected from Dadeldhura 1 and Kanchanpur 4 at the 2008 Constituent Assembly election , the latter of which he vacated. Deuba was the candidate for Nepali Congress for prime minister but lost to CPN (Maoist) leader Pushpa Kamala Dahal , 464-113. He faced off against Ram Chandra Poudel for parliamentary party leader but lost. Deuba also unsuccessfully challenged acting president Sushil Koirala at
7410-459: The Panchayat policy and the evaluation committee and the class organizations. Instead, the proclamation declared "functioning of the political parties" and maintained that "all political parties will always keep the national interest uppermost in organizing themselves according to their political ideology." During this protest many civilians were killed; after the end of the Panchayat rule they were seen as 'undeclared martyrs'. One of those martyrs
7540-414: The Rana leader Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana had attempted to depose and replace with his infant grandson who would later become King Gyanendra . With Indian support for a new government consisting largely of the Nepali Congress , King Tribhuvan ended the Rana regime in 1951. Unsuccessful attempts were made to implement reforms and adopt a constitution during the 1960s and 1970s. An economic crisis at
7670-407: The Tibetan campaign. Heavy damages were inflicted on both sides. The Nepali forces retreated step by step back to Nuwakot to stretch Sino-Tibetan forces uncomfortably. Chinese launched an uphill attack during the daylight and failed to succeed due to a strong counterattack with khukuri at Nuwakot. The Chinese army suffered a major setback when they tried to cross a monsoon-flooded Betrawati, close to
7800-406: The ULF and the Congress party with the palace. In November 1990, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) , or CPN(UC), was formed, and included key elements of the UNPM. On 21 January 1991, the CPN(UC) set up the United People's Front of Nepal (UPFN) , with Baburam Bhattarai as its head, as an open front to contest elections. The CPN(UC) held its first convention on 25 November 1991; it adopted
7930-528: The United Kingdom and the United States during his tenure. He resigned in March 1997 after two MPs from his party abstained from voting against a no-confidence motion. He also resigned as parliamentary party leader after losing support in the parliamentary group and was replaced by Girija Prasad Koirala. In the 1999 election , Deuba was reelected from Dadeldhura 1 . After the resignation of Krishna Prasad Bhattarai as prime minister and parliamentary party leader, Deuba faced off against Girija Prasad Koirala at
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#17327733812678060-525: The Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS), that promised cheques in the range of NPR 500,000 to NPR 800,000, depending on their rank. In the first phase (18 November – 1 December 2011) of regrouping, 9,705 former combatants had chosen integration into the NA. In a landmark achievement, the AISC had initiated the process of integration following a 1 November 2011, seven-point deal signed by three major political parties – UCPN-M, Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN-UML) and Nepali Congress (NC) – and
8190-536: The advice of the opposition in major domestic and foreign policy issues. His cabinet signed the Mahakali treaty with India, which had been initiated by the previous CPN (UML) government, introduced a system of voter ID and ended dual ownership of land through consensus in the parliament. Contunuing with party policy, his administration favored economic liberalization that the Koirala government in 1991 had started. Value-added taxes were introduced during his tenure. Deuba completed state visits to India, China, Pakistan,
8320-516: The annual Pajani (renewal) of that year, Swarup Singh was promoted to the position of Kaji along with Abhiman Singh Basnyat, Amar Singh Thapa and Parashuram Thapa. In Falgun 1832 B.S., he succeeded in exiling Bahadur Shah, Dal Mardan Shah and Guru Gajraj Mishra on three heinous charges. The reign of Pratap Singh Shah was characterized by the constant rivalry between Swarup Singh and Vamsharaj Pande. The document dated B.S. 1833 Bhadra 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday, 2 August 1776), shows that he had carried
8450-469: The chairman of Nepal's Public Service Commission (PSC) or by a member appointed by him, and a General Directorate would be created under the NA, headed by a Lieutenant General, to absorb the integrated combatants. The combatants will have to undergo between three and nine months of training, depending on their ranks. The Directorate would only be deployed for disaster relief, industrial security, development, and forest and environment conservation. On 17 April,
8580-498: The charge of having illicit relation with Sarbajit Rana Magar on 31 August 1778. Subsequently, Sarbajit was executed inside the palace by Bahadur Shah with the help of male servants of the royal palace. Historian Bhadra Ratna Bajracharya asserts that it was actually Chautariya Daljit Shah who led the opposing group against Sarbajit Rana Magar and Queen Rajendra Rajya Laxmi Devi . The letter dated B.S. 1835 Bhadra 11 Roj 4 (1778) to Narayan Malla and Vrajabasi Pande asserts
8710-431: The closure of the trade and transit points was mainly faced by the lower classes in Nepal due to the restricted supply of consumer goods and petroleum products such as petrol, aviation fuel and kerosene. The industries suffered because of their dependence on India for resources, trade and transit. The Government of Nepal tried to deal with the situation by depending on foreign aid from the US, UK, Australia and China. However,
8840-415: The confinement of Bahadur Shah with the help of her new minister Sarbajit Rana Magar . Guru Gajraj Mishra came to the rescue of Bahadur Shah on a condition that Bahadur Shah should leave the country. Also, his rival Sriharsh Pant was branded outcast and expelled instead of being executed as execution was prohibited for Brahmins . Prince Bahadur Shah confined his sister-in-law Queen Rajendra Laxmi on
8970-431: The contemporary parliament a failure, King Mahendra in 1960 dismissed the Koirala government, declared that a "party-less" Panchayat system would govern Nepal, and promulgated another new constitution on 16 December 1962. Subsequently, the Prime Minister, members of parliament and hundreds of democratic activists were arrested. In fact, this trend of the arrest of political activists and democratic supporters continued for
9100-496: The court factions in spite of the post of Mulkaji being held by Kirtiman Singh Basnyat . Pandes were the most dominant noble family. Later due to the continuous irrational behaviour of King Rana Bahadur Shah, a situation of civil war arose where Damodar was the main opposition to the King. He was forced to flee to the British-controlled city of Varanasi in May 1800 after the military parted with influential Kaji Damodar Pande. After Queen Rajrajeshwari finally managed to assume
9230-420: The death of Kaji Kalu Pande in Kirtipur and thought it was impossible to conquer Kathmandu valley after the death of Kalu Pande. After the annexation of Kathmandu valley, King Prithvi Narayan Shah praised in his letter about the valour and wisdom shown by Kunwar in the annexation of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur (collectively known as Nepal valley at the time). Vamsharaj Pande, Kalu Pande's eldest son,
9360-673: The death of Mukhtiyar Mathbar Singh Thapa ended the Thapa hegemony and set the stage for the Kot massacre . This resulted in the ascendancy of the Rana dynasty of Khas (Chhetri) and made the office of the Prime Minister of Nepal hereditary in their family for the next century, from 1843 to 1951. Beginning with Jung Bahadur , the first Rana ruler, the Rana dynasty reduced the Shah monarch to
9490-426: The death of Sarbajit under misconduct and the appointment of Bahadur Shah as regent . The death of Sarbajit Rana Magar is considered to have marked the initiation of court conspiracies and massacres in the newly unified Kingdom of Nepal. Historian Baburam Acharya points that the sanctions against Queen Rajendra Laxmi under moral misconduct was a mistake of Bahadur Shah. Similarly, the murder of Sarbajit Rana Magar
9620-492: The deaths of over 17,000 people, including civilians, insurgents, and army and police personnel; and the internal displacement of hundreds of thousands of people, mostly throughout rural Nepal. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission has received about 63,000 complaints, as reported by commissioner Madhabi Bhatta, while the Commission for Investigation of Enforced Disappearances has received around 3,000. On 10 January 1990,
9750-427: The end of the 1980s led to a popular movement that brought about parliamentary elections and the adoption of a constitutional monarchy in 1990. The 1990s saw the beginning of the Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006), a conflict between government forces and the insurgent forces of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) . The situation of the Nepalese monarchy was further destabilised by the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre . As
9880-408: The entire 30-year period of the partyless Panchayat system under King Mahendra and then his son, King Birendra . The new constitution established a "partyless" system of panchayats (councils), which King Mahendra considered to be a democratic form of government, closer to Nepalese traditions. As a pyramidal structure, progressing from village assemblies to a Rastriya Panchayat (National Parliament),
10010-493: The face of usurious landlords. However, this movement was repressed by the Nepali government, in Operation Romeo and Operation Kilo Sera II, which took the lives of many of the leading activists of the struggle. As a result, many witnesses to this repression became radicalized. In February 1996, one of the Maoist parties started a bid to replace the parliamentary monarchy with a people's new democratic republic, through
10140-457: The first round and was elected in the second round, defeating Poudel with 58% of the vote. In August 2016, the party agreed on a deal with CPN (Maoist Centre) to run the government for nine months each until the next election. As per the agreement, Deuba was sworn in as prime minister for the fourth time on 7 June 2017. He was elected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 2017 election but the left alliance of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) gained
10270-526: The forces of Gurgin Khan at Makwanpur. The victory in the Battle of Kirtipur climaxed Shah's two-decade-long effort to take possession of the wealthy Kathmandu valley. After the fall of Kirtipur , Shah took over the cities of Kathmandu and Lalitpur in 1768 and Bhaktapur in 1769, completing his conquest of the valley. In a letter to Ram Krishna Kunwar, King Prithvi Narayan Shah expressed his unhappiness at
10400-676: The former extremists. The Nepalese Army took final control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the armed wing of the CPN (Maoist), on 10 April 2012. Then Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai , who also headed the Army Integration Special Committee (AISC), told the committee on 10 April 2012, that the NA was going to move into all 15 PLA cantonments, take full control, and take control of more than 3,000 weapons locked in containers there. A total of 6,576 combatants chose
10530-606: The former king came back and took over as Mukhtiyar and Damodar Pande was then beheaded in Thankot. The 1806 Bhandarkhal massacre instigated upon the death of Rana Bahadur Shah, set forth the rise of the authoritative Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa , who became the de facto ruler of Nepal from 1806 to 1837. During the early nineteenth century, however, the expansion of the East India Company 's rule in India led to
10660-408: The government and a state of emergency was declared for six months in February 2002 after a parliamentary vote. The July 2002 local elections were also postponed following the escalation of violence. After Deuba failed to get a two-thirds majority to extend the state of emergency and dissent within his party on the government's handling of the Maoist issue, Deuba requested King Gyanendra to dissolve
10790-455: The government's strategy to manage the crisis could not satisfy those people who desired negotiations with India rather than dependence on foreign aid as a solution. Taking advantage of the uneasiness amongst some people against the government and the strained India-Nepal relations, the Nepali Congress (NC) and the left-wing parties blamed the government for perpetuating the crisis and not taking any serious measures to solve it. In December 1989,
10920-659: The help of acting Nepali Congress president Krishna Prasad Bhattarai , got a scholarship through Socialist International and was sent to London to attend the London School of Economics where he was a research student studying political science. In London he worked as a part-time translator for the BBC World Service . He started his political career as the member of the Far Western Zonal Student Union in 1963. The organization
11050-488: The internal autocratic Rana occupation. The political parties such as the Praja Parishad and Nepali Congress were already formed in exile by leaders such as B.P. Koirala , Ganesh Man Singh , Subarna Shamsher Rana , Krishna Prasad Bhattarai , Girija Prasad Koirala and many other patriotic-minded Nepalis who urged the military and popular political movement in Nepal to overthrow the autocratic Rana Regime. Among
11180-458: The international human rights or humanitarian law or other crimes against humanity." Also another commission to investigate on forced disappearances and debated proposals to grant an amnesty for abuses by government and rebel forces. Both commissions were established in 2013. However, the government led by the NCP , did not extend the tenure of the working commission, dismissed it, and allegedly formed
11310-494: The king seized executive power and placed leading politicians including Deuba under house arrest. In July, Deuba was sentenced to two years in jail on corruption charges related to Melamchi Water Supply Project by the Royal Commission on Corruption Control set up by King Gyanendra. After the Supreme Court dismissed the commission for being unconstitutional, he was released from prison. In September 2007, he re-united
11440-409: The king's brother, lost his right eye to an arrow while scaling the city wall. The Gorkhali commander Kaji Kalu Pande was surrounded and killed, and the Gorkhali king himself narrowly escaped with his life into the surrounding hills disguised as a saint. In 1767, King Prithvi Narayan Shah sent his army to attack Kirtipur for a third time under the command of Surapratap. In response, the three kings of
11570-701: The movement; and the Embassies of the US and West Germany were present on the occasion. Inspired by the international support and the democratic movements occurring throughout the world after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1989, the NC and the ULF launched a mass movement on 18 February to end the Panchayat regime and the installation of an interim government represented by various parties and people. On 6 April
11700-457: The occasion massacred nearly 55 military and civil officers and catapulting the Thapas into the power. He took the title of Mukhtiyar succeeding Rana Bahadur as the chief authority and his niece Queen Tripurasundari as Queen Regent of junior King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah . Rivalry between Nepal and the East India Company —over the princely states bordering Nepal and India—eventually led to
11830-590: The old courtiers due to his conspiracy against Vamsharaj. He was executed on B.S. 1842 Shrawan 24. After the death of Prithvi Narayan Shah, the Shah dynasty began to expand their kingdom into what is present-day North India . Between 1788 and 1791, Nepal invaded Tibet and robbed Tashi Lhunpo Monastery of Shigatse . Tibet sought Chinese help and the Qianlong Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty appointed Fuk'anggan commander-in-chief of
11960-465: The other group, led by Nirmal Lama, claimed that Nepal was not yet ripe for armed struggle. On 22 May 1994, the CPN(UC)/UPFN was split in two. The militant faction later renamed itself the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) , or CPN(M). This faction described the government forces, mainstream political parties, and the monarchy, as "feudal forces". The armed struggle began on 13 February 1996, when
12090-460: The panchayat system constitutionalised the absolute power of the monarchy and kept the King as head of state with sole authority over all governmental institutions, including the cabinet (council of ministers) and the parliament. One-state-one-language became the national policy, and all other languages suffered at the cost of the official language, Nepali , which was the king's language. King Mahendra
12220-427: The parliament and called for new elections within the next six months. The Deuba government failed to hold new elections and asked for fourteen more months citing the growing Maoist insurgency. He was subsequently removed as prime minister by King Gyanendra in November 2002. Removing an elected prime minister was seen as a autocratic move from the king and was followed by wide spread protests. Deuba's move to extend
12350-461: The party but lost. He also lost stood against Koirala at the party's tenth general convention in January 2001 for the past of party president but faced defeat again. After Koirala was forced to resign following the Holeri scandal in July 2001, Deuba defeated Sushil Koirala in the contest for parliamentary party leader and was appointed as prime minister for the second time. His government invited
12480-464: The party's 12th general convention in September 2010. He was reelected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 2013 Constituent Assembly election . He challenged party president Sushil Koirala for parliamentary party leader but lost. At the party's 13th general convention, Deuba contested against Ram Chandra Poudel and Krishna Prasad Sitaula for party president. Deuba fell 11 votes short of winning in
12610-487: The prominent martyrs to die for the cause, executed at the hands of the Ranas, were Dharma Bhakta Mathema , Shukraraj Shastri , Gangalal Shrestha and Dasharath Chand . This turmoil culminated in King Tribhuvan , a direct descendant of Prithvi Narayan Shah, fleeing from his 'palace prison' in 1950, to the newly independent India, touching off an armed revolt against the Rana administration. This eventually ended in
12740-619: The regency on 17 December 1802, later in February she appointed Damodar Pande as the Mulkaji . After Rana Bahadur's reinstatement to power, he ordered Damodar Pande, along with his two eldest sons, who were completely innocent, to be executed on 13 March 1804; similarly, some members of his faction were tortured and executed without any due trial, while many others managed to escape to India. Among those who managed to escape to India were Damodar Pande's sons Karbir Pande and Rana Jang Pande . After Damodar Pande's execution, Ranajit Pande who
12870-457: The return of the Shah family to power and the appointment of a non-Rana as prime minister. A period of the quasi-constitutional rule followed, during which the monarch, assisted by the leaders of fledgling political parties, governed the country. During the 1950s, efforts were made to frame a constitution for Nepal that would establish a representative form of government, based on a British model. In early 1959, Tribhuvan's son King Mahendra issued
13000-413: The royal family led to a period of instability after the war. In 1846, Queen Rajya Lakshmi Devi plotted to overthrow Jang Bahadur Rana , a fast-rising military leader who was presenting a threat to her power. The plot was uncovered and the queen had several hundred princes and chieftains executed after an armed clash between military personnel and administrators loyal to the queen. This came to be known as
13130-424: The rule of the Rana dynasty . However, the first civilian army chief was Kaji Kalu Pande who had significant role in the campaign of Nepal . He was considered as an army head due to the undertaking of duties and responsibilities of the army but not by the formalization of the title. The first battle by Gorkhali forces united under King Prithvi Narayan Shah was the Battle of Nuwakot . The first army commander
13260-524: The second verification conducted on 26 May 2007. Leaked footage of Prachanda was later telecasted by Image Channel on 5 May 2009, in which Parchanda claims to have given the UNMIN an inflated number of Maoist fighters. On 14 April 2012, AISC decision laid down that the ranks of the integrated combatants would be determined according to the NA's, and not the PLA's, standards. A selection committee would be headed by
13390-522: The state of emergency and dissolving the House of Representatives was severely criticized by party chairman Girija Prasad Koirala . After Deuba was expelled from the Nepali Congress , his faction of the party called a general convention that deposed Koirala . Koirala declared this general convention illegal and was supported by two-thirds of the members of the committee. In September 2002, the Election Commission declared that Koirala's group
13520-543: The support of Rastriya Prajatantra Party and Nepal Sadbhawana Party . He came into controversy for having 52 cabinet members in his eighteen month long tenure a move that was criticized by party president Girija Prasad Koirala . His government was also accused of bribing MPs from minor parties and sending Rastriya Prajatantra Party MP's to Bangkok in order to avoid key votes in the parliament. His administration also introduced pensions, allowances and other privileges for legislators. Deuba's administration frequently solicited
13650-415: The surprise attack with a Gorkhali war cry of "Jai Kali , Jai Gorakhnath , Jai Manakamana " . The panicked soldiers of Nuwakot under commander Shankha Mani Rana Magar (son of Jayant Rana Magar ) tried to defend but lost after their commander was killed by the 13-year-old Prince Dal Mardan Shah , brother of the king. The second contingent of Gorkhali forces led by Chautariya Mahoddam Kirti Shah (also
13780-607: The temples were built and the place named after the saint are lost in the sweeping winds of time. We may guess that these developments took place in the early part of the second millennium of the Common Era following the rise of the Nath sect. In fact, the pilgrimage circuit of the sect across the northern Indian sub-continent also spans a major part of Nepal including the Kathmandu Valley. The Newars of Medieval Nepal have
13910-499: The title of Dewan along with Vamsharaj Pande. King Pratap Singh Shah died on 22 November 1777 with his infant son Rana Bahadur Shah succeeding as the King of Nepal. Sarbajit Rana Magar was made a Kaji along with Balbhadra Shah and Vamsharaj Pande while Daljit Shah was chosen as Chief Chautariya . Historian Dilli Raman Regmi asserts that Sarbajit Rana Magar was chosen as Mulkaji (equivalent to Prime Minister), while historian Rishikesh Shah asserts that Sarbajit Rana
14040-521: The umbrella formation of several Madheshi groups, the United Democratic Madhesi Front (UDMF). The deal provided three options to former PLA combatants – integration, voluntary retirement and rehabilitation. 9,705 combatants opted for integration, 7,286 chose voluntary discharge, and six combatants registered their names for rehabilitation packages. The United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) had registered 19,602 combatants in
14170-619: The valley joined forces and sent their troops to the relief of Kirtipur, but they could not dislodge the Gorkhalis from their positions. A noble of Lalitpur named Danuvanta crossed over to Shah's side and treacherously let the Gorkhalis into the town. King Digbardhan Sen and his minister Kanak Singh Baniya had already sent their families to safer grounds before the encirclement of their fortress. The Gorkhalis launched an attack on 21 August 1762. The battle lasted for eight hours. King Digbardhan and Kanak Singh escaped to Hariharpurgadhi. Makawanpur
14300-542: The valley kings were well prepared and the Gorkhalis were not, Kaji Kalu Pande agreed for a battle against the kingdom of Kirtipur in the Kathmandu valley on being insisted by the king. The Gorkhalis had set up a base in Naikap to mount their assaults on Kirtipur. They were armed with swords, bows and arrows and muskets . The two forces fought on the plain of Tyangla Phant in the northwest of Kirtipur. Surapratap Shah,
14430-692: The victims of the earthquake in August 1998 or when it reshuffled the cabinet instead of investigating the deaths of the people in a stampede in the national sports complex in a hailstorm. Also, the souring of the India-Nepal trade relations affected the popularity of the Singh government. In April 1987, Nepal had introduced the work permit for Indian workers in three of its districts, and in early 1989, Nepal provided 40% duty concession to Chinese goods and later withdrew duty concessions from Indian goods in such
14560-442: The vote in the first round and faced Koirala in the second round. Deuba was re-elected as president defeating Shekhar Koirala with 60% of the vote after Singh and Nidhi supported him in the second round. He was reelected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 2022 election . He was also reelected as the parliamentary party leader, surviving a challenge from general secretary Gagan Thapa . Deuba was replaced by Pushpa Kamal Dahal following
14690-402: The war. The government responded by banning anti-monarchy statements, imprisoning journalists, and shutting down newspapers accused of siding with the insurgents. Several rounds of negotiations, accompanied by temporary ceasefires, were held between the insurgents and the government. The government categorically rejected the insurgents' demand for constituent assembly elections. At the same time,
14820-502: Was Kaji Kalu Pande of the Pande noble family of Gorkha and Jayant Rana Magar (former Kaji of Gorkha) was appointed General by King of Kantiur Jaya Prakash Malla to defend Nuwakot against Gorkha. Pande put up tactics to attack Nuwakot, a strategic fort of Malla king of Kathmandu , from multiple sides by surprise. On 26 September 1744, Pande with a contingent of soldiers climbed from the northern side of Nuwakot city at Mahamandal. He led
14950-408: Was 20 percent. Throughout April, pro-democracy demonstrations were held across Nepal, and 19 demonstrators were killed, over 400 protesters were arrested, while dozens of others were injured. On 21 April, King Gyanendra announced that he would return governance to the SPA, but this offer was rejected by both the Maoist rebels and the SPA. On 24 April, King Gyanendra announced that he would also reinstate
15080-592: Was a Hindu kingdom in South Asia , formed in 1768 by the expansion of the Gorkha Kingdom , which lasted until 2008 when the kingdom became the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal . It was also known as the Gorkha Empire ( Nepali : गोरखा अधिराज्य ), or sometimes Asal Hindustan ( Nepali : असल हिन्दुस्तान , lit. 'Real Land of the Hindus';). Founded by King Prithvi Narayan Shah ,
15210-510: Was abolished in Nepal in 1924. Popular dissatisfaction against the family rule of the Ranas had started emerging from among the few educated people, who had studied in various Indian schools and colleges, and also from within the Ranas, many of whom were marginalised within the ruling Rana hierarchy. Many of these Nepalese in exile had actively taken part in the Indian Independence struggle and wanted to liberate Nepal as well from
15340-567: Was arrested, but on the eleventh day of imprisonment, on 13 July, Singh's only supporter Queen Rajendra Laxmi died. Then onwards, Bahadur Shah took over the regency of his nephew King Rana Bahadur Shah and as one of his first orders as the regent, he ordered Swaroop Singh, who was then in Pokhara , to be beheaded there on the charges of treason . Singh had gone to Kaski to join Daljit Shah's military campaign of Kaski fearing retaliation of
15470-401: Was condemned by many historians as an act of injustice. Vamsharaj Pande, once Dewan of Nepal and son of the popular commander Kalu Pande, was beheaded on the allegations of conspiring with Queen Rajendra Laxmi. In a special tribunal meeting at Bhandarkhal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar, Swaroop Singh held Vamsharaj liable for letting the King of Parbat, Kirtibam Malla, run away in the battle
15600-514: Was elected to the House of Representatives and served as the Minister of Home Affairs in the cabinet led by Girija Prasad Koirala . Deuba became prime minister after Manmohan Adhikari tried to dissolve the parliament for the second time in two years in 1995. He oversaw the signature of the Mahakali treaty with India during his first term. His second premiership started in July 2001 amidst
15730-535: Was founded by students from Far-Western Development Region who were studying in Kathmandu at the time. While studying at Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus , he became a member of the Arjun Narasingha K.C. led Student Rally Coordination Committee along with Ram Chandra Poudel . He became a founding member of the Nepal Student Union in 1970. The next year, he became the president of the union,
15860-487: Was his paternal cousin, was appointed Mulkaji along with Bhimsen Thapa as second Kaji , Sher Bahadur Shah as Mul Chautariya and Ranganath Paudel as Raj Guru (Royal Preceptor). Thapa courtiers, who were Kshatriya, rose to power when the King Rana Bahadur Shah was murdered by his half brother Sher Bahadur Shah in 1806. Bhimsen Thapa (1775–1839), the leading Thapa Kaji , taking opportunity of
15990-412: Was reelected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 1994 election . Following the party losing their majority in the election, party president Girija did not stand for parliamentary party leader and Deuba was elected unopposed after rivals Ram Chandra Poudel and Shailaja Acharya withdrew their candidacy. After the minority government of Manmohan Adhikari fell, Deuba was appointed as prime minister in 1995 with
16120-408: Was set up by the various groups. A general strike was called for 6 April. Violent incidents began to occur on the evening before the strike. The Joint People's Agitation Committee had called for a 30-minute 'lights out' in the capital, and violence erupted outside Bir Hospital when activists tried to enforce the 'lights out'. At dawn on 6 April, clashes between strike activists and police, outside
16250-453: Was succeeded by his 27-year-old son, King Birendra, in 1972. Amid student demonstrations and anti-regime activities in 1979, King Birendra called for a national referendum to decide on the nature of Nepal's government: either the continuation of the panchayat system with democratic reforms or the establishment of a multiparty system. The referendum was held in May 1980, and the Panchayat system won
16380-417: Was sworn in as prime minister for a fourth stint in June 2017, as per an agreement to form a rotational government by Congress and the CPN (Maoist Centre). His government successfully conducted the elections of all three levels of government in different phases in 2017. On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court ordered the appointment of Deuba as prime minister within 28 hours, and he was appointed prime minister for
16510-472: Was the commander of the Gorkhali forces who led the attack during the Battle of Bhaktapur on 14 April 1769. King Prithvi Narayan Shah had deployed Sardar Ram Krishna Kunwar to the invasion of Kirata regional areas comprising; Pallo Kirant ( Limbuwan ), Wallo Kirant and Majh Kirant (Khambuwan). On B.S. 1829 Bhadra 13 (i.e. 29 August 1772), Kunwar crossed the Dudhkoshi river to invade King Karna Sen of
16640-452: Was the head of the Nepalese government only for a short period in 1778. Afterwards, rivalry arose between Prince Bahadur Shah and Queen Rajendra Laxmi . Sarbajit Rana led the followers of the Queen opposed to Sriharsh Pant who led the followers of Bahadur Shah. The group of Bharadars (officers) led by Sarbajit badmouthed Rajendra Laxmi against Bahadur Shah. Queen Rajendra Laxmi succeeded in
16770-416: Was the official Nepali Congress following which Deuba split the party and formed Nepali Congress (Democratic) . After months of protests from the major political parties, King Gyanendra agreed to let the parties nominate the next prime minister. When no consensus was reached among the parties, Deuba was reinstated as prime minister in June 2004. He remained as prime minister until 1 February 2005, when
16900-538: Was thus annexed by the Gorkhali forces. After occupying the Makawanpurgadhi fort, the Gorkhali forces started planning for an attack on Hariharpurgadhi , a strategic fort on a mountain ridge of the Mahabharat range south of Kathmandu. It controlled the route to the Kathmandu valley. At the dusk of 4 October 1762, the Gorkhalis launched an attack. The soldiers at Hariharpurgadhi fought valiantly against
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