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112-434: (Redirected from South-East Region ) Southeast Region or South-East Region may refer to: Southeast Region, Brazil , region composed by the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo South-East Region, Ireland region composed by counties Carlow, Kilkenny, South Tipperary, Wexford, and Waterford South-East Region, Singapore , alternate name for

224-410: A Contemporary architecture , it has a conical shape, with 96 meters of internal diameter and capacity to receive up to 20 thousand faithful. The splendor of the building, with straight and sober lines, is due to the changing stained glass windows carved on the walls up to the dome. Its design and execution was coordinated by Monsignor Ivo Antônio Calliari (1918–2005). Saint Sebastian is recognized as

336-486: A skin color and phenotype continuum from pálido ( branco ) or fair-skinned, through branco moreno or swarthy Caucasian, mestiço claro or lighter skinned multiracial, pardo (mixed race) to negro or black . Pardo , for example, in popular usage includes those who are caboclos ( mestizos ), mulatos ( mulattoes ), cafuzos ( zambos ), juçaras (archaic term for tri-racials ) and westernized Amerindians (which are called caboclos as well), being more of

448-551: A tropical savanna climate ( Aw ) that closely borders a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) according to the Köppen climate classification , and is often characterized by long periods of heavy rain between December and March. The city experiences hot, humid summers, and warm, sunny winters. In inland areas of the city, temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) are common during the summer, though rarely for long periods, while maximum temperatures above 27 °C (81 °F) can occur on

560-758: A Southern Hemisphere city. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , and the XV Pan American Games . The city will host the G20 summit in 2024 , and the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2027 . [REDACTED] Portuguese Empire 1565–1815 [REDACTED] United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves 1815–1822 [REDACTED]   Empire of Brazil 1822–1889 [REDACTED] Republic of Brazil 1889–present The region of Rio

672-517: A barrier to the humid wind that comes from the Atlantic. The city has had rare frosts in the past. Some areas within Rio de Janeiro state occasionally have falls of snow grains and ice pellets (popularly called granizo ) and hail . Drought is very rare, albeit bound to happen occasionally given the city's strongly seasonal tropical climate. The Brazilian drought of 2014–2015, most severe in

784-528: A colonial capital until 1808, when the Portuguese royal family and most of the associated Lisbon nobles, fleeing from Napoleon 's invasion of Portugal, moved to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only European capital outside of Europe . As there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. In

896-407: A conical shape, with an internal diameter of 96 meters and a capacity to hold up to 20,000 worshippers. The splendor of the building, with its straight and sober lines, is due to the changing stained glass windows carved into the walls up to the dome . Its design and execution were coordinated by Monsignor Ivo Antônio Calliari (1918–2005). Saint Sebastian is recognized as the patron saint of

1008-658: A football when she joined him. And shortly after her arrival, in September 1894, the first football match in Brazil took place in the field beside the textile factory. It was a five-a-side match between British workers, and took place six months before the first game organized by Charles Miller in São Paulo. However, the Bangu Football Club was not formally created until 1904. At the time Brazil's Old Republic

1120-465: A monthly basis. Along the coast, the breeze, blowing onshore and offshore, moderates the temperature. Because of its geographic situation, the city is often reached by cold fronts advancing from Antarctica , especially during autumn and winter, causing frequent weather changes. In summer there can be strong rains, which have, on some occasions, provoked catastrophic floods and landslides. The mountainous areas register greater rainfall since they constitute

1232-555: A phenomenon of internalization of the production of vehicles in Brazil, driven by factors such as unions, which made excessive labor and payroll charges, discouraged investment and favored the search for new cities. The development of the ABC cities helped curb appeal, due to rising real estate costs and higher density of residential areas. Sul Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro) was already the second largest pole in 2017, but in 2019 it fell to fourth place, behind Paraná (15%) and Minas Gerais (10.7%). In

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1344-579: A pole specialized in cheap shoes and shoes in Nova Serrana . The city has around 830 industries, which in 2017 produced around 110 million pairs. However, overall, the Brazilian industry has been struggling to compete with Chinese footwear, which is priced unbeatable due to the difference in tax collection from one country to another, in addition to the absence of heavy Brazilian labor taxes in China, and

1456-439: A population of the order of 1.29 million inhabitants being released without treatment in streams or rivers. With regard to industrial pollution, highly toxic wastes, with high concentrations of heavy metals – mainly zinc and cadmium – have been dumped over the years by factories in the industrial districts of Santa Cruz , Itaguaí and Nova Iguaçu , constructed under the supervision of State policies. The Marapendi lagoon and

1568-575: A result, temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F), that may happen about year-round but are much more common during the summer, often mean the actual "feels-like" temperature is over 50 °C (122 °F), when there is little wind and the relative humidity percentage is high. According to data from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), since 1931, the absolute minimum temperature recorded in Rio de Janeiro

1680-557: A rich and influential Catholic tradition. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro is the second largest archdiocese in Brazil after São Paulo . The Rio de Janeiro Cathedral was inaugurated in 1979, in the central region of the city. Its installations have a collection of great historical and religious value: the Archdiocesan Museum of Sacred Art and the Archdiocesan Archive. In

1792-419: A school in the poor suburb of Rio de Janeiro, the "pardos" there were found to be on average about 80% European, and the "whites" (who thought of themselves as "very mixed") were found to carry very little Amerindian and/or African admixtures. The results of the tests of genomic ancestry are quite different from the self made estimates of European ancestry. In general, the test results showed that European ancestry

1904-516: A skin color rather than a racial group in particular. Different ethnic groups contributed to the formation of the population of Rio de Janeiro. Before European colonization, there were at least seven different indigenous peoples speaking 20 languages in the region. A part of them joined the Portuguese and the other the French. Those who joined the French were then exterminated by the Portuguese, while

2016-509: A territory of 1,721 km . The Cathedral of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro , or Metropolitan Cathedral , was inaugurated in 1979 in the central region of the city. Its facilities house a collection of great historical and religious value: the Archdiocesan Museum of Sacred Art and the Archdiocesan Archive. The Banco da Providência and the Archdiocesan Caritas are also based there. In a contemporary architectural style, it has

2128-406: A threat to the established Portuguese colony and in 1560 the order was made to get rid of them. A years-long military aggression was then initiated by the new Governor General of Brazil Mem De Sa, and later continued by his nephew Estacio De Sa. On 20 January 1567, a final defeat was imposed on the French forces and they were decisively expelled from Brazil for good. The city of Rio de Janeiro proper

2240-613: A valued variety of topaz, is only found in Ouro Preto . Brazil is the world's leading producer of topaz. It is also one of the world's largest tourmaline producers. In the Southeast region, the industrialization of the country began, making the transformation industry the main source of income and work in its states. The state of São Paulo became the largest industrial park in South America. The Southeast Region has 53% of

2352-437: A year, in two terminals, the airport currently handles 12 million users. Construction of a third passenger terminal is pending, to raise yearly capacity to 29 million passengers . The project, in the tendering phase, is part of the airport's master plan and will get under way shortly. São Paulo International Airport is also one of the main air cargo hubs in Brazil. The roughly 100 flights a day carry everything from fruits grown in

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2464-580: A year. The recent construction of new aircraft parking boxes on the aprons has improved the airport's operational efficiency. In 2003 more than 1.2 million passengers used the airport, and in 2004 this rose to some 1.25 million. Vitória is one of the 32 airports in the Infraero network that has a cargo terminal. In May 1999 the first direct international freight connection to the United States ( Miami ) began operating to Vitória, facilitating imports to

2576-637: Is 349.4 mm, recorded on February 26, 1971, at the former station in the Engenho de Dentro neighborhood. According to the 2010 IBGE Census , there were 5,940,224 people residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Since 1960, when it was surpassed by São Paulo , the city of Rio de Janeiro has been the second-most populous city in Brazil. The 2022 census revealed the following numbers: White Brazilian (45.4% or 2,821,619); Mixed (38.7% or 2,403,895); Black (15.6% or 968,428); Asian (10,514 or 0.2%); Indigenous (6,531 or 0.1%). The population of Rio de Janeiro

2688-515: Is about 6,000,000. The population of the greater metropolitan area is estimated at 11–13.5 million. Residents of the city are known as cariocas . The official song of Rio is " Cidade Maravilhosa ", by composer André Filho . The city has parks and ecological reserves such as the Tijuca National Park, the world's first urban forest and UNESCO Environmental Heritage and Biosphere Reserve; Pedra Branca State Park , which houses

2800-731: Is attested to by the fact it has one of the lowest rates of shutdown for bad weather in the country. Confins is certified by the ISO 9001 standard, covering ten processes in the administrative, operational, safety/security and maintenance areas. Starting in March 2005, Confins Airport will receive flights that currently use Pampulha Airport . Vitoria Airport is located on a land plot of just over 5.2 million square meters. Since construction of its first step, finished in 1946, Vitória Airport has undergone several expansions and modernizations, but current demand has surpassed its capacity of 560 thousand passengers

2912-430: Is far more important than the students thought it would be. The "pardos" for example thought of themselves as 1 ⁄ 3 European, 1 ⁄ 3 African and 1 ⁄ 3 Amerindian before the tests, and yet their ancestry on average reached 80% European. Other studies showed similar results Religion in Rio de Janeiro is diverse, with Catholic Christianity being the majority religion. According to data from

3024-537: Is in Rio Grande do Sul, but São Paulo has important shoe centers, such as the one in the city of Franca , specialized in men's footwear, in the city of Jaú , specialized in women's footwear and in the city of Birigui , specialized in footwear. children. Jaú, Franca and Birigui represent 92% of footwear production in the state of São Paulo. Birigui has 350 companies, which generate around 13 thousand jobs, producing 45.9 million pairs per year. 52% of children's shoes in

3136-459: Is located in the municipalities of Lagoa Santa and Confins, 38 km from Belo Horizonte, and was opened in January 1984. It was planned from the start for future expansion in steps to meet growing demand. The first step was undertaken with careful concern for the environment, including monitoring by specialized consultants, since the region has a rich archeological heritage. The airport's location

3248-683: Is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere and is known for its natural settings, carnival , samba , bossa nova , and balneario beaches such as Barra da Tijuca , Copacabana , Ipanema , and Leblon . In addition to the beaches, landmarks include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World ; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car ;

3360-579: Is originally from São Bernardo do Campo . São Paulo was also the place where Metalfrio was founded. Vehicles : 36,030,943 (Jan/2012); Telephones : 23,878,000 (April/2007); Cities : 1,668 (2007). Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official high school curriculum. French is also widely studied. São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport connects Brazil to 28 countries with nearly 100,000 daily visitors. With capacity to serve 15 million passengers

3472-683: Is paradise for ecotourists, for its enormous diversity in geologic formations, among grottos and caves , rivers and waterfalls . There are currently 454 caves registered by the Brazilian Society of Speleology (SBE) in the State of São Paulo, all at the Ribeira Valley. The 280 caves located at PETAR represent the biggest concentration of caves in Brazil . The landscape of the State is marked by mountains , valleys and caverns . In

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3584-609: Is part of the Mata Atlântica biome , and its topography comprises both mountains and plains, located between the Mantiqueira Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. Its coast is carved by the bays of Guanabara , Sepetiba and Ilha Grande. There are prominent slopes near the ocean, also featuring diverse environments, such as restinga vegetation , bays , lagoons and tropical forests . Rio de Janeiro

3696-405: Is still seen in many parts of the city (and many other parts of the state of Rio de Janeiro), including architecture and language . Most Brazilians with some cultural contact with Rio know how to easily differentiate between the local dialect, fluminense , and other Brazilian dialects. People of Portuguese ancestry predominate in most of the state. The Brazilian census of 1920 showed that 39.7% of

3808-476: Is the largest producer. The main productive areas of São Paulo are the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and Campinas. Minas Gerais has 8.51% (third largest production in the country). In home appliance industry, sales were 12.9 million units in 2017. The sector had its sales peak in 2012, with 18.9 million units. The brands that sold the most were Brastemp, Electrolux, Consul and Philips. Brastemp

3920-442: Is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil. It has, however, the third longest coastline in the country (second only to Bahia 's and Maranhão 's), extending 635 kilometers. With a 46.180 square kilometers, it is about the size of Estonia, or half the size of Portugal, and has a variety of habitats including coastal plains, lakes, mountain forest, mangroves and many others. The main river in

4032-526: The Sambódromo (Sambadrome), a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã Stadium , one of the world's largest football stadiums . Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics , making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in

4144-804: The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in 2010 the population of Rio de Janeiro had 3,229,192 Roman Catholics (51.1%), 1,477,021 Protestants (23.4%), 372.851 Spiritists (5.9%), 37,974 Jehovah's Witnesses (0.6%), 75,075 Buddhists (0.2%), 52,213 Umbanda (0.8%), 21,800 Jews (0.3%), 25,743 Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (0.4%), 16,776 new eastern religious (0.2%), 28,843 Candomblé (0.4%), 3,853 Mormons (<0.1%), 5,751 Eastern Orthodox Christians (<0.1%), 7,394 spiritualists (0.1%), 964 Muslims (<0.1%), 5,662 esoteric (<0.1%) and 802 Hindus (<0.1%). 858,704 had no religion (13.5%), and 113,530 followed other forms of Christianity (1.8%). Rio de Janeiro has had

4256-458: The Footwear industry , in 2019 Brazil produced 972 million pairs. Exports were around 10%, reaching almost 125 million pairs. Brazil ranks fourth among world producers, behind China, India and Vietnam, and 11th among the largest exporters. Of the pairs produced, 49% were made of plastic or rubber, 28.8% were made of synthetic laminate, and only 17.7% were made of leather. The largest pole in Brazil

4368-483: The Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon have suffered with the leniency of the authorities and the growth in the number of apartment buildings close by. The illegal discharge of sewage and the consequent deaths of algae diminished the oxygenation of the waters, causing fish mortality. There are, on the other hand, signs of decontamination in the lagoon made through a public-private partnership established in 2008 to ensure that

4480-830: The Southeast Region and the worst in decades, affected the entire metropolitan region's water supply (a diversion from the Paraíba do Sul River to the Guandu River is a major source for the state's most populous mesoregion). There were plans to divert the Paraíba do Sul to the Sistema Cantareira (Cantareira system) during the water crisis of 2014 in order to help the critically drought-stricken Greater São Paulo area. However, availability of sufficient rainfall to supply tap water to both metropolitan areas in

4592-553: The São Francisco Valley to the most sophisticated medications created by science. The airport 's cargo terminal is South America 's largest and stands behind only Mexico City 's in all of Latin America . In 2003, over 75,000 metric tons of freight passed through the terminal . Since August 2004, with the transfer of many flights from Santos-Dumont Airport, Rio de Janeiro International Airport has returned to being

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4704-813: The Tijuca National Park (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), the largest city-surrounded urban forest and the second largest urban forest in the world, has been a National Park. The largest urban forest in the world is the Floresta da Pedra Branca (White Rock Forest), which is located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Due to the high concentration of industries in the metropolitan region, the city has faced serious problems of environmental pollution. The Guanabara Bay has lost mangrove areas and suffers from residues from domestic and industrial sewage, oils and heavy metals. Although its waters renew when they reach

4816-453: The Tropic of Capricorn where the shoreline is oriented east and west; the city thus faces largely south. It was founded at the entrance to an inlet, Guanabara Bay (Baía de Guanabara), which is marked by a point of land called Sugar Loaf (Pão de Açúcar) – a "calling card" of the city. The population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, occupying an area of 1,182.3 km (456.5 sq mi),

4928-658: The World Youth Day in 2013 , the second World Youth Day in South America and first in Brazil. In the sports field, Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2007 Pan American Games and the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final . On 2 October 2009, the International Olympic Committee announced that Rio de Janeiro would host the 2016 Olympic Games and the 2016 Paralympic Games , beating competitors Chicago , Tokyo , and Madrid . The city became

5040-660: The battleship Minas Geraes and threatened to fire on the city. Another military revolt occurred in 1922, the Copacabana Fort revolt , a march against the Old Republic's coronelism and café com leite politics . This revolt marked the beginning of Tenentism , a movement that resulted in the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 that started the Vargas Era . Until the early years of the 20th century,

5152-411: The Brazilian businessman has had to invest in value-added products, combining quality and design, in order to survive. In textile industry , Brazil, despite being among the 5 largest producers in the world in 2013, and being representative in the consumption of textiles and clothing, has very little insertion in world trade. In 2015, Brazilian imports ranked 25th (US$ 5.5 billion). And in exports, it

5264-548: The East Region of Singapore Little League World Series (Southeast Region) , United States region for the Little League World Series See also [ edit ] Points of the compass Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Southeast Region . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

5376-466: The Empire. It was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half of the 19th century. At that time the number of slaves was drastically reduced and the city was developed, with modern drains, animal trams, train stations crossing the city, gas and electric lighting, telephone and telegraph wiring, water and river plumbing. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when

5488-519: The Portuguese who lived in Brazil lived in Rio de Janeiro. Including all of the Rio de Janeiro, the proportion raised to 46.3% of the Portuguese who lived in Brazil. The numerical presence of the Portuguese was extremely high, accounting for 72% of the foreigners who lived in the capital. Portuguese born people accounted for 20.4% of the population of Rio, and those with a Portuguese father or a Portuguese mother accounted for 30.8%. In other words, native born Portuguese and their children accounted for 51.2% of

5600-630: The Serra do Cipó, Sete Lagoas, Cordisburgo and Lagoa Santa, the caves and waterfalls . Minas Gerais is the source of some of the biggest rivers in Brazil, most notably the São Francisco , the Paraná and to a lesser extent, the Rio Doce . The state also holds many hydroelectric power plants, including Furnas dam . Some of the highest peaks in Brazil are in the mountain ranges in the southern part of

5712-508: The Southeast there are factories of GM, Volkswagen, Fiat, Ford, Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Hyundai, Mercedes-Benz, Land Rover, Citroen / Peugeot, Scania and Iveco. In the production of tractors , in 2017, the main manufacturers in Brazil were John Deere , New Holland , Massey Ferguson , Valtra , Case IH and the Brazilian Agrale . They all have factories in the southeast, basically in São Paulo. In 2011, Brazil had

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5824-461: The average use of capacity in the Brazilian chemical industry has been at a level considered low, ranging between 70 and 83%. In pharmaceutical Industry , most of the companies in Brazil have been established in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro for a long time. In 2019, the situation was that, due to the tax advantages offered in states such as Pernambuco, Goiás and Minas Gerais, companies were leaving RJ and SP and going to these states. In 2017, Brazil

5936-435: The capital of Brazil was officially moved to Brasília. The territory of the former Federal District became its own state, Guanabara, after the bay that borders it to the east, encompassing just the city of Rio de Janeiro. After the 1964 coup d'état that installed a military dictatorship , the city-state was the only state left in Brazil to oppose the military. Then, in 1975, a presidential decree known as "The Fusion" removed

6048-427: The captaincy. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people. Between 1811 and 1831, 500,000 to a million slaves arrived in Rio de Janeiro through Valongo Wharf , which is now a World Heritage Site . The Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America. When Prince Pedro proclaimed the independence of Brazil in 1822, he decided to keep Rio de Janeiro as the capital of his new empire while

6160-575: The city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rio's streetcar transit system after 1905. Botafogos natural environment, combined with the fame of the Copacabana Palace Hotel, the luxury hotel of the Americas in the 1930s, helped Rio to gain the reputation it still holds today as a beach party town. This reputation has been somewhat tarnished in recent years by favela violence resulting from

6272-409: The city was largely limited to the neighborhood now known as the historic city center (see below), on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. The city's center of gravity began to shift south and west to the so-called Zona Sul (South Zone) in the early part of the 20th century, when the first tunnel was built under the mountains between Botafogo and the neighborhood that is now known as Copacabana . Expansion of

6384-806: The city's patron saint , which is why it received the canonical name of "Saint Sebastian of Rio de Janeiro." Many Protestant creeds coexist in the city, Presbyterian , Congregational , Lutheran and Anglican Churches. In addition to evangelical churches such as the Baptist , Methodist , Seventh-day Adventist and Pentecostal churches, such as the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God , Assembly of God , Christian Congregation in Brazil and The Foursquare Church . Afro-Brazilian religions such as Umbanda and Candomblé find support in various social segments, although professed by less than 2% of

6496-607: The city's federative status and merged it with the State of Rio de Janeiro , with the city of Rio de Janeiro replacing Niterói as the state's capital, and establishing the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region . In 1992, Rio hosted the Earth Summit , a United Nations conference to fight environmental degradation . Twenty years later, in 2012, the city hosted another conference on sustainable development , named United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development . The city hosted

6608-617: The coast, and type of vegetation or land use. During the winter, cold fronts and dawn/morning sea breezes bring mild temperatures; cold fronts, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (in the form of winds from the Amazon Forest ), the strongest sea-borne winds (often from an extratropical cyclone ) and summer evapotranspiration bring showers or storms. Thus the monsoon-like climate has dry and mild winters and springs, and very wet and warm summers and autumns. As

6720-457: The country are produced in this city. From Birigui came most of the most famous children's shoe factories in the country. Jaú has 150 factories that produce around 130 thousand pairs of cheap women's shoes per day. The footwear sector in Franca has around 550 companies and employs about 20,000 employees. Most of the most famous men's shoe factories in the country come from São Paulo. Minas Gerais has

6832-708: The country in population, urban population, population density, vehicles, industries, universities, airports, ports, highways, hospitals, schools, houses and many other areas. Heart of the largest continued remnant of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest , the Ribeira Valley is a Natural Heritage of Humanity, granted heritage as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO . One of the biggest attractions is the biologic and ecosystems diversity, where approximately 400 species of birds , amphibians, reptiles and mammals live. The Alto Ribeira Tourist State Park (PETAR)

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6944-465: The country's major corporations, Petrobras and Vale , and Latin America's largest telemedia conglomerate, Grupo Globo . The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17 percent of national scientific output according to 2005 data. Despite the high perception of crime, the city actually has a lower incidence of crime than most state capitals in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro

7056-527: The dignity of a kingdom, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves . Rio remained as the capital of the pluricontinental monarchy until 1822, when the Brazilian War of Independence began. This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonizing country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of

7168-657: The entire population and forced entry into houses to kill mosquitoes and rats. The people of the city rebelled against Cruz's policy, in what would be known as the Vaccine Revolt . In 1910, Rio saw the Revolt of the Lash , where Afro-Brazilian crew members in the Brazilian Navy mutinied against the heavy use of corporal punishment , which was similar to the punishment slaves received. The mutineers took control of

7280-618: The first favelas . Inspired by the city of Paris , Passos built the Municipal Theatre , the National Museum of Fine Arts and the National Library in the city's center; brought electric power to Rio and created larger avenues to adapt the city to automobiles . Passos also named Oswaldo Cruz as Director General of Public Health. Cruz's plans to clean the city of diseases included compulsory vaccination of

7392-554: The first South American city to host the event and the second Latin American city (after Mexico City in 1968 ) to host the Games. Since the early 2010s, Rio de Janeiro has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its arts, urban culture and designed landscapes set around a natural environment. Rio de Janeiro is near the west end of a strip (from Cabo Frio to just east of Ilha Grande ) of Brazil's Atlantic coast close to

7504-438: The first decade, several educational establishments were created, such as the Military Academy, the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts and the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts , as well as the National Library of Brazil – with the largest collection in Latin America – and The Botanical Garden . The first printed newspaper in Brazil, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro , came into circulation during this period. When Brazil

7616-579: The food and beverage industry the largest employer in manufacturing. There are around 570 large companies in Brazil, which account for a good part of the industry's total income. São Paulo created companies such as: Yoki  [ pt ] , Vigor , Minerva Foods , Bauducco , Santa Helena , Marilan , Ceratti , Fugini , Chocolates Pan , Embaré , among others. Minas Gerais created food companies of national importance such as Itambé and Pif Paf Alimentos . Espírito Santo created Chocolates Garoto and Rio de Janeiro created Piraquê and Granfino . In

7728-464: The form of hydrochloride) (131 thousand tons for a value of R $ 254 million). In addition, Minas was the second largest producer of aluminum ( bauxite ) (1.47 million tons at a value of R $ 105 million), third of manganese (296 thousand tons to a value of R $ 32 million) and 5th of tin (206 tons worth R $ 4.7 million). Minas Gerais had 47.19% of the value of the production of minerals marketed in Brazil (first place), with R $ 41.7 billion. The state has

7840-618: The future is merely speculative. Roughly in the same suburbs ( Nova Iguaçu and surrounding areas, including parts of Campo Grande and Bangu) that correspond to the location of the March 2012, February–March 2013 and January 2015 pseudo-hail ( granizo ) falls, there was a tornado -like phenomenon in January 2011, for the first time in the region's recorded history, causing structural damage and long-lasting blackouts , but no fatalities. The World Meteorological Organization has advised that Brazil, especially its southeastern region, must be prepared for increasingly severe weather occurrences in

7952-415: The highest point of Rio de Janeiro, the peak of Pedra Branca; the Quinta da Boa Vista complex; the Botanical Garden ; Rio's Zoo; Parque Lage ; and the Passeio Público , the first public park in the Americas . In addition the Flamengo Park is the largest landfill in the city, extending from the center to the south zone, and containing museums and monuments, in addition to much vegetation. Since 1961,

8064-482: The independent monarchy, the Empire of Brazil , until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília . Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, and 30th-largest in the world in 2008. This is estimated at R$ 343 billion. In the city are the headquarters of Brazilian oil, mining, and telecommunications companies, including two of

8176-462: The industrial GDP of Brazil. The main industrial activities in the region are: In Brazil, the automobile sector represents around 22% of industrial GDP. The Greater ABC Region, in São Paulo, is the first center and the largest automobile center in Brazil. When the country's manufacturing was practically restricted to ABC, the State represented 74.8% of Brazilian production in 1990. In 2017, this index decreased to 46.6%, and in 2019, to 40.1%, due to

8288-411: The inhabitants of Rio, or a total of 267,664 people in 1890. As a result of the influx of immigrants to Brazil from the late 19th to the early 20th century, also found in Rio de Janeiro and its metropolitan area are communities of Levantine Arabs who are mostly Christian or Irreligious , Spaniards , Italians , Germans , Japanese , According to an autosomal DNA study from 2009, conducted on

8400-608: The international airport is served by several quick access routes, such as the Linha Vermelha and Linha Amarela freeways and Avenida Brasil, thus conveniently serving residents of the city's southern, northern and western zones. There are special shuttle buses linking Galeão to Santos-Dumont, and bus and taxi service to the rest of the city. The airport complex also has Brazil's longest runway at 4.240 meters, and one of South America 's largest and best equipped cargo logistics terminals. Tancredo Neves/ Confins International Airport

8512-480: The invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. In 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island , was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon . Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony. Eventually this French settlement became too much of

8624-497: The lagoon waters will eventually be suitable for bathing. The decontamination actions involve the transfer of sludge to large craters present in the lagoon itself, and the creation of a new direct and underground connection with the sea, which will contribute to increase the daily water exchange between the two environments. However, during the Olympics the lagoon hosted the rowing competitions and there were numerous concerns about potential infection resulting from human sewage. Rio has

8736-549: The largest herd of cows milked: 30.4% of the total of 17.1 million existing in Brazil. The highest productivity, however, is that of the Southern Region, with an average of 3,284 liters per cow per year, which is why it has led the milk production ranking since 2015. Minas Gerais is the main milk-producing state in Brazil with the largest it is also effective for milked cows, responsible for 26.6% of production and 20.0% of all animals in milk. The municipality of Patos de Minas

8848-656: The largest production of various gemstones in the country. In aquamarine , Minas Gerais produces the most valuable stones in the world. In diamond , Brazil was the world's largest producer of diamonds from 1730 to 1870, mining occurred for the first time in the Serra da Canastra , region of Diamantina , even lowering the price of stone in everyone due to excess production. Minas Gerais continues to extract diamonds, in addition to having larger or smaller scale productions of agate , emerald , garnet , jasper , amethyst , and sapphire . Topaz and tourmaline stand out. Imperial Topaz,

8960-642: The late 17th century, still during the Sugar Era, the Bandeirantes discovered gold and diamonds in the neighboring captaincy of Minas Gerais , thus Rio de Janeiro became a much more practical port for exporting wealth (gold, precious stones, besides the sugar) than Salvador, Bahia , much farther northeast. On 27 January 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The city remained primarily

9072-463: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Region&oldid=605707506 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Southeast Region, Brazil The Southeast region accounts for about 44% of Brazil's total population, leading

9184-434: The main doorway to Brazil . According to data from the official Brazilian travel bureau, Embratur, nearly 40% of foreign tourists who visit Brazil choose Rio as their gateway, meaning Galeão Airport. Besides linking Rio to the rest of Brazil with domestic flights, Galeão has connections to more than 18 countries. It can handle up to 15 million users a year in two passenger terminals. Located only 20 kilometers from downtown Rio,

9296-491: The map to the right it is in the gray area in the extreme southwest of the state, and is shared with Minas Gerais. The main agricultural products grown are: The region still produces considerable amounts of: The livestock also has great prominence in the region. The Southeast is the second national producer of milk , with 34.2%, slightly losing compared to the South Region, which produces 35.7%. The southeast has

9408-485: The market in sales and 65.25% in cases sold. In the distribution of drug sales by state, São Paulo ranked first: São Paulo's pharmaceutical industry had a turnover of R $ 53.3 billion, 76.8% of total sales throughout the country. The companies that benefited the most from the sale of drugs in the country in 2015 were EMS , Hypermarcas (NeoQuímica), Sanofi (Medley), Novartis , Aché , Eurofarma , Takeda , Bayer , Pfizer and GSK . In food industry , in 2019, Brazil

9520-637: The monarchy was replaced by a republic. On 6 February 1889 the Bangu Textile Factory was founded, with the name of Industrial Progress Company of Brazil (Companhia Progresso Industrial do Brasil). The factory was officially opened on 8 March 1893, in a complex with varying architectural styles like Italianate , Neo-Gothic and a tower in Mansard Roof style. After the opening in 1893, workers from Great Britain arrived in Bangu to work in

9632-485: The mountainous regions in the south and south west of the state, the tropical climate is strongly influenced by altitude , and the average temperatures are colder. The state can be divided into two areas: the low lying coastline and the highland area known as Serra (where one can find the 2.890 m Pico da Bandeira mountain), which is part of the larger Serra do Caparaó , the Caparaó Mountain Range. In

9744-471: The narcotics trade and militias . Plans for moving the nation's capital city from Rio de Janeiro to the center of Brazil had been occasionally discussed, and when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president in 1955, it was partially on the strength of promises to build a new capital. Though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília and a new Federal District built, at great cost, by 1960. On 21 April of that year,

9856-465: The near future, since events such as the catastrophic January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides are not an isolated phenomenon. In early May 2013, winds registering above 90 km/h (56 mph) caused blackouts in 15 neighborhoods of the city and three surrounding municipalities, and killed one person. Rio saw similarly high winds (about 100 km/h (62 mph)) in January 2015. Temperature also varies according to elevation, distance from

9968-499: The other part was assimilated. Rio de Janeiro is home to the largest Portuguese population outside of Lisbon in Portugal. After independence from Portugal, Rio de Janeiro became a destination for hundreds of thousands of immigrants from Portugal, mainly in the early 20th century. The immigrants were mostly poor peasants who subsequently found prosperity in Rio as city workers and small traders. The Portuguese cultural influence

10080-616: The place was enriched with sugar cane agriculture in the Campos region and, especially, with the new coffee cultivation in the Paraíba Valley . In order to separate the province from the capital of the Empire, the city was converted in Neutral Municipality in 1834, passing the province of Rio de Janeiro to have Niterói as capital. As a political center of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of

10192-467: The population are generally well-looked after. Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈne(j)ɾu] ), or simply Rio , is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro . It is the second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo ) and the sixth-most-populous city in the Americas. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese , the city was initially

10304-625: The population, many Cariocas simultaneously observe those practices with Roman Catholicism. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro , the Metropolitan See of its respective Ecclesiastical Province , belongs to the Regional Episcopal Council Leste I of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (CNBB) (headquartered in Rio until 1977). Founded in 1676, it covers

10416-526: The sea, the bay is the final receiver of all the tributaries generated along its banks and in the basins of the many rivers and streams that flow into it. The levels of particulate matter in the air are twice as high as that recommended by the World Health Organization , in part because of the large numbers of vehicles in circulation. The waters of Sepetiba Bay are slowly following the path traced by Guanabara Bay, with sewage generated by

10528-687: The seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro , a domain of the Portuguese Empire . In 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil , a state of the Portuguese Empire . In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court moved to Brazil , Rio de Janeiro became the seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal . She subsequently, under the leadership of her son the prince regent John VI of Portugal , raised Brazil to

10640-414: The situation is reversed when it comes to chickens. The first region in the ranking was the Southeast, with 38.9% of the country's total capital. A total of 246.9 million hens was estimated for 2018. The state of São Paulo was responsible for 21.9%. The national production of chicken eggs was 4.4 billion dozen in 2018. The Southeast region was responsible for 43.8% of the total produced. The state of São Paulo

10752-560: The sixth largest chemical industry in the world, with net sales of $ 157 billion, or 3.1% of world sales. At that time, there were 973 factories of chemical products for industrial use. They are concentrated in the Southeast Region, mainly in São Paulo. In 2018, the Brazilian chemical sector was the eighth largest in the world, representing 10% of the national industrial GDP and 2.5% of the total GDP. In 2020, imports will occupy 43% of domestic demand for chemical products. Since 2008,

10864-475: The southern parts of the BR-101 . Railways are present as well (and also, the region is more covered than any other region), but mainly for freight transport – soy beans and iron ore, mainly, from the farms and mines to the seaports. Also, a very complicated hydrocanal system is present in the region, with ten major dams. Health care and education are of major concern in the larger cities, but in smaller ones,

10976-587: The state is the Doce . Other important river basins include the Santa Maria River Basin which is the northern branch of rivers which join the sea at Vitoria, and Jucu River Basin which flows into the sea at roughly the same place, but corresponds to the southern branch (which seems to come out of Vitoria). Espírito Santo's climate is tropical along the coast, with dry winters and rainy summers. North of Doce River it's generally drier and also hot. In

11088-445: The state of Espírito Santo . Today there are five of such flights a week. The Southeast Brazilian region is highly covered by Paved roads – due to the policy in the Brazil's economy in the 1960s (automobilization of the country) – which led to the car's manufacturing to be a major industry not only in the region but in Brazil as well. The Southeast's highways are generally in good or very good conditions – some exceptions are made to

11200-500: The state, such as Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Cervo, which mark the border between Minas and its neighbors São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro . The most notable one is the Pico da Bandeira , the third highest mountain in Brazil at 2890 m, standing on the border with Espírito Santo state. The state also has huge reserves of iron and sizeable reserves of gold and gemstones , including emerald , topaz and aquamarine mines. The state

11312-560: The textile factory. The old farms became worker villages with red-bricks houses, and a neo-gothic church was created, which still exists as the Saint Sebastian and Saint Cecilia Parish Church. Street cinemas and cultural buildings also appeared. In May 1894, Thomas Donohoe , a British worker from Busby , Scotland, arrived in Bangu. Donohoe was amazed to discover that there was absolutely no knowledge of football among Brazilians. So he wrote to his wife, Elizabeth, asking her to bring

11424-514: Was 53.2% female and 46.8% male . The black community was formed by residents whose ancestors had been brought as slaves, mostly from Angola and Mozambique , as well by people of Angolan, Mozambican and West African descent who moved to Rio from other parts of Brazil. Nearly half of the city's population is by phenotype mixed or black. White in Brazil is defined more by having a European-looking phenotype rather than ancestry, and two full siblings can be of different "racial" categories in

11536-537: Was 6.4 °C on August 18, 1933, at the meteorological station in the Bangu neighborhood (deactivated in March 2004). This same station, located in the city's hottest neighborhood, recorded a maximum temperature of 43.1 °C on January 14, 1984, which held the record for the highest temperature in the city until December 26, 2012, when 43.2 °C was recorded at the Santa Cruz station. The record for rainfall within 24 hours

11648-466: Was considered the sixth largest pharmaceutical market in the world. Drug sales in pharmacies reached around R $ 57 billion (US$ 17.79 billion) in the country. The pharmaceutical market in Brazil had 241 regulated and authorized laboratories for the sale of medicines. Of these, the majority (60%) have national capital. Multinational companies had approximately 52.44% of the market, with 34.75% in commercialized packaging. Brazilian laboratories represent 47.56% of

11760-567: Was elevated to Kingdom in 1815, it became the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves until the return of the Portuguese Royal Family to Lisbon in 1821, but remained as capital of the Kingdom of Brazil . From the colonial period until the first independent era, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. There was a large influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in

11872-408: Was established, the city lacked urban planning and sanitation , which helped spread several diseases, such as yellow fever , dysentery , variola , tuberculosis and even black death . Pereira Passos , who was named mayor in 1902, imposed reforms to modernize the city, demolishing the cortiços where most of the poor population lived. These people then moved to live in the city's hills, creating

11984-514: Was founded on 1 March 1565 by the Portuguese, led by Estácio de Sá , including Antônio de Mariz  [ pt ] . It was named São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro , in honor of St. Sebastian, the saint who was the namesake and patron of the Portuguese then-monarch Sebastião . Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several mostly French pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc and René Duguay-Trouin . In

12096-569: Was inhabited by the Tupi , Puri , Botocudo and Maxakalí peoples. Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502 (hence Rio de Janeiro, "January River"), during a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos , captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabral 's fleet, or under Gonçalo Coelho . Allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as an observer at

12208-513: Was only 40th in the world ranking. Brazil's participation in the world trade of textiles and clothing is only 0.3%, due to the difficulty of competing in price with producers in India and mainly in China. The gross value of production, which includes the consumption of intermediate goods and services, of the Brazilian textile industry corresponded to almost R $ 40 billion in 2015, 1.6% of the gross value of industrial production in Brazil. São Paulo (37.4%)

12320-434: Was the largest national producer (25.6%), with a total of 16.8 million birds. The Southeast is responsible for 64%, highlighting São Paulo (24.6%) and Espírito Santo (21.0%). In mineral production, in 2017, Minas Gerais was the country's largest producer of iron (277 million tons worth R $ 37.2 billion), gold (29.3 tons for a value of R $ 3.6 billion), zinc (400 thousand tons for a value of R $ 351 million) and niobium (in

12432-451: Was the second largest exporter of processed foods in the world, with a value of US$ 34.1 billion in exports. The revenue of the Brazilian food and beverage industry in 2019 was R $ 699.9 billion, 9.7% of the country's gross domestic product. In 2015, the food and beverage industrial sector in Brazil comprised 34,800 companies (not counting bakeries), the vast majority of which were small. These companies employed more than 1,600,000 workers, making

12544-477: Was the second largest producer in 2017, with 191.3 million liters of milk. Poultry farming and egg production are the most important in the country. Flocks of poultry, according to IBGE, include chickens, roosters, hens and chicks. In 2018, the South region, with an emphasis on the creation of chickens for slaughter, was responsible for almost half of the Brazilian total (46.9%). Paraná only represented 26.2%. However,

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