25-509: (Redirected from South Sulawesi Campaign ) South Sulawesi campaign or South Sulawesi expedition may refer to: South Sulawesi expeditions of 1905 , by the Dutch colonial government against the kingdoms of Bone and Gowa South Sulawesi campaign of 1946–1947 , by the Dutch colonial government against Indonesian republicans See also [ edit ] Dutch–Bone wars Topics referred to by
50-427: A collection of changing mindsets, and some will occur regularly. While these mindsets determine the personality, they do not control themselves but fluctuate and alternate. There is thus the need for the meditative integration of personality to provide a greater, more wholesome consistency. Regarding volitions, there is a similarity between viññāna and chitta; they are both associated with the qualitative condition of
75-438: A courier met with the king at Ujung Padang on 21 July. The king refused the demands. La Pawawoi appointed his son, Baso Abdul Hamid, commander-in-chief of his forces and ordered that a state of war be announced throughout the kingdom. He then took oaths of loyalty from his regional commanders and proceeded to prepare defense at those places the Dutch were likely to land. The Dutch came ashore at Ujung Pattiro , at an estuary of
100-539: A human being. Viññāna provides awareness and continuity by which one knows one's moral condition, and citta is an abstraction representing that condition. Citta is closely related to volitions; this connection is also etymological, as chitta comes from the same verbal root in Pali as the active terms meaning "to will". Citta also reflects one's cognitive condition/progress. Citta as a mindset can become "contracted" (i.e. unworkable), "distracted", "grown great", "composed", or
125-411: A letter containing the Dutch demands to La Pawawoi Karaeng Segeri, the thirty-first king of Bone, who ruled from 1895–1905. The Dutch demanded that he turn over policing duties in his ports of Bajoe and Pallima to them, and that he accept compensation for giving up his right to tax imports and exports passing through the harbours. The king was given twenty-four hours to respond. On the governor's command,
150-526: A letter to Governor Kroesen, Governor-General J. B. van Heutsz stated his intention to occupy all of south Sulawesi and compel the local rulers to sign the Short Declaration. This was the so-called "Peace Policy" ( Pacificatie politiek ). On 18 July 1905, twenty-five Dutch warships and one transport anchored about 5,000 metres off Bajoe . The next day a convoy sailed into the Bay of Bone to deliver
175-417: A person astray or, if properly controlled, directed and integrated, ennobling one. One may "make citta turn according to" his wishes most effectively by developing skill in meditative concentration , which brings mental calm and clarity. An individual undergoes many different states of mind; M.II.27 asks: "Which citta? for citta is manifold, various, and diverse." Generally speaking, a person will operate with
200-487: A ravine and died. When his remains were discovered by the Dutch, they were brought to Jongaya for burial. After I Makkulau's death, I Mappanyukki remained at large with his forces among the Toraja. After fifteen months of resistance, he was convinced by his father-in-law, La Parenrengi Karaeng Tinggimae, to seek peace with the Dutch. Negotiations were begun through the resident official at Pare-Pare , but before an agreement
225-652: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages South Sulawesi expeditions of 1905 18th century 19th century 20th century The South Sulawesi expeditions of 1905 ( Dutch : Zuid-Celebes Expeditie ), which included the Third Bone War and the Gowa War ( Makassar : Bunduka ri Gowa ), were undertaken by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) to force
250-493: Is included in descriptions of the dependent origination ( paticcasamuppada ) formula in several suttas of the Pali Canon's Majjhima Nikāya and Saṃyutta Nikāya. In Indian Psychology, chitta is the seat and organ of thought. The complex causal nexus of volitions (or intentions) that one experiences continuously conditions one's thoughts, speech, and actions. At any given time, one's state of mind reflects that complex; thus,
275-490: Is one of three overlapping terms used in the Nikaya to refer to the mind, the others being manas and viññāṇa . Each is sometimes used in the generic and non-technical sense of "mind" in general, and the three are sometimes used in sequence to refer to one's mental processes as a whole. However, their primary uses are distinct. The Pali–English Dictionary translates citta as heart or heart-mind, emphasizing it as more
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#1732775420282300-556: The Cenrana River , on 20 July. They were resisted and many leading men of Bone fell in battle. The Bone forces retreated to Bajoe, which the Dutch attacked on 27 July. Bajoe was the centre of Bone resistance, but it fell to a superior force and the king fled first to Passempe , then to Citta and finally to Gunung Awo in the land of the Toraja . Baso Abdul Hamid was killed in action in this region on 18 November. The state of Bone
325-617: The Netherlands, to be deposited in the National Museum of Ethnology . By a decree of the governor of 17 July 1906, all war booty was the property of the Bataviaasch Genootschap. Some of the booty taken in the campaigns of 1905 was eventually returned to Bone and Gowa, where it is maintained by the royal houses to this day. Citta Citta ( Pali and Sanskrit : 𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 , pronounced chitta )
350-602: The Toraja. On 18 December, believing the king of Gowa was in Barus, the Dutch sent a delegation to re-open negotiations with him, but the king had moved to the region of Alitta of the kingdom of Sawitto . On 21 December, the Dutch besieged the fortress of Alitta, killing all the Gowan soldiers inside, including I Pangsuriseng, and capturing the wounded I Mangimangi. The king himself had escaped to Sidenreng . Surrounded at Warue , he managed to escape, but during his flight fell into
375-413: The causal origin of actions, speech, and thoughts is sometimes associated with the state of mind in a manner of speaking. This does not mean that it is that causal nexus; it is better understood as an abstract reflection. One's mindset can be out of tune with one's desires or aspirations. In that it reflects the volitions, the citta is said to go off with its own will if not properly controlled. It may lead
400-544: The opposite of such qualities ( M .I.59). It can be dominated by a certain emotion, to be "terrified", "astonished", or "tranquil." It can be "taken hold of" by pleasant or unpleasant impressions (M.I.423). A host of negative emotionally charged states can pertain to it, or it may be free of such states, so it is vital to develop or purify it: "For a long time this chitta has been defiled by attachment, hatred, and delusion. By defilement of chitta, beings are defiled; by purity of chitta, beings are purified" ( S .III.152). Attaining
425-536: The passionate side of the mind, as opposed to manas as the intellect that grasps mental objects ( dhamma ). Citta is the object of meditation in the third part of Satipatthana , also called Four Foundations of Mindfulness. Citta primarily represents one's mindset, or state of mind. It is the term used to refer to the quality of mental processes as a whole. Citta is classified as a khandha (or skandha ), specifically as one of three types of saṅkhārā (kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro; body, speech, mind) and
450-442: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title South Sulawesi campaign . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sulawesi_campaign&oldid=928130868 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
475-486: The states of south Sulawesi (Celebes) to sign the Korte Verklaring (Short Statement or Declaration), the standard agreement whereby a native Indonesian ruler agreed to accept Dutch sovereignty. According to certain Dutch historians, the expeditions were an "obligation", because the Dutch had responsibility for law and order. One Indonesian historian has argued that it was actually strategic: that south Sulawesi
500-473: The thirty-third king of Gowa, bearing the regnal name Sultan Husain, who ruled 1885–1906 - inviting him to negotiate at Ujung Pandang. The letter was accompanied by the ultimatum that if he did not respond by 18 October, Gowa would be besieged. The Gowan fortresses of Balangnipa , Camba , Pangkajene and Galesong were fortified to resist the Dutch. I Makkulau ignored the ultimatum. When Dutch forces under Governor Kroesen approached his palace at Jongaya , he
525-625: Was a separate area. Each section was governed through an assistant resident ( assistent-resident ). With the capture or exile of all the Gowan royal family, the Dutch seized the regalia, including the sword named Sundanga and the chain named Tanisamang. The banner of the Bate Salapanga council was likewise confiscated. Much of the war booty was donated to the Bataviaasch Genootschap, now the Museum Nasional Indonesia , but plenty of weaponry and jewellery found its way to
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#1732775420282550-525: Was asked again to submit, but he instead retired into the mountains with his regalia and court, hoping to draw the Dutch into battle on unfavourable terrain. On 20 October the Dutch attacked. There was serious fighting in Gunungsari and Lakiung . The royal family fled to Limbung . The king's son, I Pangsuriseng Arung Allita, and brother, I Mangimangi Karaeng Bontonompo, then went to the kingdom of Barus , while another son, I Mappanyukki Datu Suppa, fled to
575-516: Was completely occupied by 30 July. After the death of his son, La Pawawoi offered terms to the Dutch. He was apprehended and exiled to Bandung on 14 December. There he died in 1911, gaining the posthumous royal name Matinroe ri Bandung ("who died in Bandung"). On 15 October 1905, the governor of Sulawesi sent a letter to the king of the Sultanate of Gowa , I Makkulau Karaeng Lembagaparang -
600-504: Was reached he was captured and with his followers exiled to Selayang Island . He was allowed to return in 1908, when his uncle, I Mangimangi, was exiled to Bima . Gowa and Bone were annexed to the Government of Sulawesi and Subordinate Areas ( Gouvernement Celebes en Onderhoorigheden ). In 1911 this was divided into seven sections ( afdelingen ): Makassar , Bantaeng , Bone, Pare-Pare, Luwu, Mandar and Buton . The east Sulawesi coast
625-553: Was the "key" to controlling the so-called Great East . There was also an economic motive: to extend the tax-collecting powers of the government of Sulawesi . The expeditions received the imprimatur of the Governor of Sulawesi, Alexander Kroesen , in a letter dated 11 February 1904. The chief targets of the expeditions were the most powerful south Sulawesi kingdoms of Bone , Luwu and Wajo . The expeditions were preceded by negotiations, which roundly failed, and on 14 July 1905, in
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