Misplaced Pages

#94905

115-441: The first parts of the line opened in 1856 between Malmö and Lund , and the last parts in 1874. An unusual route was chosen as the line passed far from many of the bigger towns at the time, such as Hörby and Kristianstad . This was an attempt to "colonize" the countryside and populate it. Another strategic choice was to put it far from the coast to minimize vulnerability to military attacks. A number of new towns sprung up or grew as

230-549: A university town . Over a hundred university buildings scatter around town, most of them in an area covering more than 1 km , stretching towards the north-east from Lundagård park in the very centre of town. Buildings in and around Lundagård include the main building, Kungshuset , the Historical Museum and the Academic Society's headquarters. The main library building is located in a park 400 meters to

345-665: A Swedish national facility. It was inaugurated on 21 June 2016. The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a pulsed neutron source under construction on a site just north of MAX IV. ESS is expected to directly employ about 450 people when it is completed in around 2023. Tetra Pak was founded in Lund in 1951 by Ruben Rausing . Their principal product is packages and equipment for aseptic packaging of food, principally using plastic-coated cardboard. As of January 2015 Tetra Pak employed around 3,500 staff at their headquarters in Lund. The pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca used to have

460-538: A belt stretching north from the park connecting to the university hospital area and continuing out to the northeastern periphery of the town, where one finds the large campus of the Faculty of Engineering . The city of Lund has a long history as a centre for learning and was the ecclesiastical centre and seat of the archbishop of Denmark . A cathedral school (the Katedralskolan ) for the training of clergy

575-631: A distance of some five kilometres (3.1 miles). The new location of Lund, on a hill and across a ford , gave the new site considerable defensive advantages in comparison with Uppåkra, situated on the highest point of a large plain. The organisation of the Danish church begun under the rule of Canute the Great . Lund became the see of one of seven dioceses in 1048. In 1104 it became an archbishopric. Lund's ecclesiastical province comprised Scandinavia and even Garðar on Greenland. The diocese of nearby Dalby

690-476: A large presence in Lund but their offices closed in 2010. The site was re-developed as a research park named Medicon Village . As of 2016 over 1,200 people worked in more than 100 organisations based at Medicon Village. Lund University Lund University ( Swedish : Lunds universitet ) is a public research university in Sweden and one of Northern Europe's oldest universities. The university

805-488: A long time, and some winters are virtually free of snow. The population of the city has increased steadily over the last century. Of the inhabitants of the municipality, 18.8% were reported to have been born outside of Sweden in 2014. Lund University students make up a significant part of the city's population. Lund is governed by Lund Municipality. The municipality is responsible for the city of Lund, nearby settlements including Dalby , Södra Sandby and Veberöd , and

920-528: A municipal total of 121,510 as of 2018 . It is the seat of Lund Municipality , Scania County . The Öresund Region , which includes Lund , is home to more than 4.1 million people. Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark . From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lund , and the towering Lund Cathedral , built c.  1090 –1145, still stands at

1035-476: A politician in raising educational standards in Sweden. Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878) was a notable botanist who played a prominent role in the creation of the modern taxonomy of mushrooms. Nils Alwall (1904–1986) was a pioneer in hemodialysis who constructed the first practical dialysis machine, commercialized by The Gambro Company . Rune Elmqvist (1906–1996) was a physician and medical engineer who developed

1150-571: A prominent captain, politician and land owner remembered for introducing agricultural reforms leading to more effective large-scale farming in Sweden. Ernst Wigforss (1881–1977) was Sweden's finance minister 1925–1926 and 1932–1949 and has been considered the 'foremost developer of the Swedish Social Democracy '. Östen Undén (1886–1974) was an internationally recognized professor of law and Sweden's minister of foreign affairs 1924–1926 and 1945–1962. Tage Erlander (1901–1985)

1265-489: A public park between 1909 and 1911. The park contains planted gardens, a small lake, a children's playground and bandstands , as well as the public swimming center Högevallsbadet and the former buildings of Lund Observatory . It also has a menagerie that houses different varieties of birds. Other significant areas of greenery in the city include the Botanical Garden (Botaniska trädgården) and Sankt Hans Hill in

SECTION 10

#1732772897095

1380-520: A regional centre for high-tech industry. Lund is sometimes mentioned as the oldest town or city in present-day Sweden, although it has only been formally established as such for 300 years of its at least thousand-year history. It is old enough that its origins are unclear, and is presumed to have existed by the end of the Viking Age . Until the 1980s, the city was thought to have been founded around 1020 by either Sweyn I Forkbeard or his son Canute

1495-512: A student theatre group since 1886. A substantial part of the student night-life is located at student fraternities called 'Nations'. Lund Cathedral, the former Catholic and the now Lutheran cathedral in Lund, is the seat of the bishop of Lund of the Church of Sweden. Lund also has a city theatre (though without a professional local ensemble of its own) and a number of other places for concerts and theatres. Numerous prominent figures from

1610-598: A synchrotron radiation laboratory – inaugurated in June 2016, and European Spallation Source (ESS), a new European facility that will provide up to 100 times brighter neutron beams than existing facilities today, to be operational by the end of 2027. The university centres on the Lundagård park adjacent to the Lund Cathedral , with various departments spread in different locations in town, but mostly concentrated in

1725-472: A total of 5 kilometres (3 mi) in order to decrease noise pollution, as well as an expansion of Burlöv station allowing it to accommodate Øresundståg , and a new station in Klostergården  [ sv ] in the south of Lund. Construction on a section between Arlöv and Flackarp  [ sv ] south of Lund began in 2017, while Flackarp–Lund is still under planning. The entire project

1840-421: A total of seven bus lines. A survey carried out on behalf of Region Skåne in 2015 found that 11% of Lund residents used the bus network regularly. Plans to initiate a nearly 6 km (3.7 mi) tram network to achieve faster and higher-capacity public transport between Lund Central Station and many of the largest work-places in the city were approved in 2015. The entire construction now stands finished and

1955-687: Is Margot Wallström . Executive power lies with the Vice-Chancellor and the University Management Group, to which most other administrative bodies are subordinate. Lund University is divided into nine faculties: The university is also organised into more than 20 institutes and research centres, such as: The university offers around 275 educational programmes and some 1400 courses. Several programmes and courses are offered in English, allowing foreign students to study at

2070-419: Is a sample selection of discoveries from Lund through the ages. Lund University consistently ranks among the top 100 universities in the world, with several subjects ranked in the top 50 and higher. Lund was ranked 75th in the world in the 2025 QS World University Rankings, making it the top ranked comprehensive university in Sweden. It is the most popular university in Sweden for international applicants and

2185-420: Is a tree-covered city square located alongside the railway and associated station, hosts a small market and is the central terminus of the city's tramway. Bantorget is a green park-square close to the central station and Lund's Grand Hotel is placed there. The city hall is located on the main city square - Stortorget which often features concerts and various cultural and political events. Mårtenstorget hosts

2300-416: Is exemplified by the work of Fritiof Nilsson Piraten and Frank Heller . The spex are a form of student theatre particular to Nordic universities, with a strong tradition in Lund. They are parodistic musical plays, often setting well-known music to new lyrics and mixing up the historical and the present in unconventional intrigues. Comedians Hans Alfredson and Anders Jansson started their careers in

2415-419: Is expected to be completed in 2024. Around year 2020–2030 a new high-speed line for 300 or 320 km/h is planned to be opened between Linköping and Södertälje . It is called Ostlänken and will cut travel time by 40 minutes. There are also plans to increase the permitted speed to 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph) between Nässjö and Hässleholm around 2020. Both plans are delayed until further notice by

SECTION 20

#1732772897095

2530-448: Is known as the father of modern taxonomy , and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology . Pehr Henrik Ling (1776–1839) is considered the prime developer of natural gymnastics, the father of Swedish massage, and one of the most important contributors to the development and spread of modern physical therapy. Carl Adolph Agardh (1787–1859) made important contributions to the study of algae and played an important role as

2645-478: Is located in the city of Lund in the Swedish province of Scania . It traces its roots back to 1425, when a Franciscan studium generale was founded in Lund. After Sweden won Scania from Denmark in the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde , the university was officially founded in 1666 on the location of the old studium generale next to Lund Cathedral . Lund University has nine faculties , with additional campuses in

2760-407: Is one of Sweden's few rugby clubs. Lund has a boxing association called Lunds Boxningssällskap . Lund is a railway junction and is well served by rail traffic. The main railway station, Lund Central , is Sweden's third busiest railway station, with around 37 000 passengers per day as of 2013 . Another, smaller station serves the suburb of Gunnesbo in the north-west of the city. Lund has been on

2875-672: Is ranked in the categories 'Marketing' (42nd) and 'Finance' (47th) in 2022. Additionally, the Times Higher subject rankings for 2021 places Lund in 65th place in Law. Lund University ranks 55th in the RUR World University Rankings. RUR places Lund in the top tier for the following disciplines: Humanities (32nd), Life Sciences (12th), Medical Sciences (35th), Natural Sciences (18th), Social Sciences (89th), and Technical Sciences (38th). In 2018, Lund placed 82nd in

2990-614: Is the multi-lane northern ring road which also passes through the city limits. There are also other connections to most major roads in the area, for example the E6 via Riksväg 16, and the Länsväg 108 which connects to the E65 . Lund is served by Copenhagen Airport , the largest airport in the Nordic countries, which can be reached by frequent direct trains in about 35 minutes. The second airport in

3105-498: Is the oldest school in Scandinavia. Today it is a high gymnasium with about 1,400 students studying in five different programmes. Östervångskolan is a specialskola (special school) for deaf and hard of hearing students, providing education in Swedish and Swedish Sign Language. It accepts students from Skåne and surrounding areas. The school was founded in 1871 as Skånes Anstalt för Döfstumma i Lund (Skåne's Institute for

3220-629: The IEEE Medal of Honor for "fundamental contributions to theory and applications of adaptive control technology". Sven Mattisson (1955–) is an electrical engineer who was one of the developers of the Bluetooth technology. In 2023, Anne L'Huillier (1958-), professor since 1997, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for her work in attosecond physics . Rutger Macklean (1742–1816) was

3335-551: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982 for "discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances". Arvid Carlsson (1923–2018) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for "discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" and is noted for having discovered the role of dopamine as an independent neurotransmitter. Per Georg Scheutz (1785–1873)

3450-570: The Scanian War . The exceptionally bloody Battle of Lund was fought just north of the city in 1676, and ended in a decisive Swedish victory; Swedish control of Scania was confirmed in the Peace of Lund later that year. Sweden's control over Scania, and hence Lund, was again confirmed by another treaty in 1720. Scandinavia's first University, the Academy of Lund was founded in the 1400s. It

3565-619: The Southern Main Line , which connects Malmö and Stockholm, since it opened in 1856. The West Coast Line to Gothenburg branches off the Southern Main Line just north of Lund Central station. Thus there are direct services to all of Sweden's three largest cities, as well as to Copenhagen and Helsingør via the Öresund Bridge . Rail services to Denmark, and within Scania and neighbouring counties, are mainly provided by

Southern Main Line - Misplaced Pages Continue

3680-610: The Svanholm Singers . Since 2006, Lund has been the host of the biannual Lund International Choral Festival. Classical orchestras based in the city include the Lund City Orchestra, the Academic Orchestra and Lund New Chamber Orchestra. In more recent decades, Lund has also developed a lively pop and jazz scene. The cultural venue Mejeriet opened in 1987 in a former dairy building just outside

3795-620: The University of Tartu (1632, now in Estonia ), the Academy of Åbo (1640, now in Finland ), and the University of Greifswald (founded 1456; Swedish 1648–1815, now in Germany ). The university was at its founding granted four faculties: Law , Theological , Medicine and Philosophy . They were the cornerstones, and for more than 200 years this system was in effect. Towards the end of

3910-625: The entomological collections and the zoological collections. The collections are particularly rich in specimens from Sweden and the other Nordic countries, and hold approximately 10,000 type specimens The collections were previously known as the Botanical Museum and Museum of Zoology. These were merged into the Biological Museum in 2005. The museum is a part of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences. It holds

4025-587: The Øresundståg . These trains are operated jointly by Skånetrafiken in Scania and the Danish State Railways in Denmark. Longer distance services, notably to Stockholm, are provided by SJ . Local traffic is served by the Pågatåg electric multiple units, which provide stopping services within Scania. Lund has been praised for its cycling infrastructure . There are 4,800 bike parking spaces in

4140-665: The 1658 Treaty of Roskilde , the university was founded in 1666 on the location of the old studium generale next to Lund Cathedral . The studium generale had not survived the Lutheran Reformation of 1536, which is why the university is considered a separate institution when founded in 1666. After the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, the Scanian lands came under the possession of the Swedish Crown, which founded

4255-406: The 17th century, the number of students hovered around 100. Some notable professors in the early days were Samuel Pufendorf , a juridical historian; and Canutus Hahn and Kristian Papke in philosophy. The Scanian War in 1676 led to a shut-down, which lasted until 1682. The university was re-opened largely due to regional patriots, but the university was not to enjoy a high status until well into

4370-400: The 19th century. Lecturing rooms were few, and lectures were held in the Lund Cathedral and its adjacent chapel. The professors were underpaid. In 1716, Charles XII of Sweden entered Lund. He stayed in Lund for two years, in between his warlike expeditions. Lund and the university attracted a temporary attention boost. The most notable lecturer during this time was Andreas Rydelius. Peace

4485-541: The Deaf and Mute in Lund) and had its premises on Östervångsvägen until 2016 when it relocated to Tunaskolan . The International School of Lund Katedralskolan (ISLK) later moved to the Östervångsvägen site. The Royal Swedish Physiographic Society is a learned society based in Lund. The culture in Lund is characterised by the university education and research, and the large student population and student traditions, such as

4600-420: The Great of Denmark. The area was then part of the kingdom of Denmark. However, recent archaeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement dated to c.  990 , possibly the relocation of settlers at Uppåkra . The Uppåkra settlement dates back to the first century B.C. and its remains are at the present site of the village of Uppåkra. King Sweyn I Forkbeard moved Lund to its present location,

4715-467: The Lund Market Hall, has many restaurants, food trucks and bars around it and serves as a market square during the daytime. In earlier times the square was used as a cattle market and was known as "Oxtorget". Smaller city squares in Lund include Domkyrkoplatsen, Petriplatsen, Västra stationstorget, Sockertorget and Knut den Stores Torg. Lund's most central park is Lundagård , which, along with

Southern Main Line - Misplaced Pages Continue

4830-593: The Lund spex. The concluding scenes in Ingmar Bergman 's classic film Wild Strawberries are set in Lund. The Lund International Architecture Film Festival is held annually in the autumn. Lund hosts the largest open-air museum of Scania, Kulturen . Kulturen is the second oldest dedicated open-air museum in the world. Founded in 1892 by Georg Karlin, it consists of more than 30 buildings, as well as collections exhibiting Scanian art, crafts, local archaeology and history. Several museums are attached to

4945-634: The Rydberg constant. Carl Charlier (1862–1934) was an internationally acclaimed astronomer who made important contributions to astronomy as well as statistics and was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal in 1924 and the Bruce Medal in 1933. Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978), a student of Rydberg, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1924 for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy . Oskar Klein (1894–1977)

5060-468: The School of Aviation (LUSA) take place at an airfield next to the town of Ljungbyhed , about 40 km away from Lund. The Biological Museum is a research collection, not having public exhibitions. It possesses between 10 and 13 million specimens of plants and animals. The museum was founded by Kilian Stobaeus , a teacher of Carl Linnaeus , in 1735. It is divided into three sections: the herbarium ,

5175-615: The adjoining University square, forms the centre of the University. The park is dominated by historic buildings including Lund Cathedral, Lund University Main Building , and Kungshuset . The trees of the park are home to a large colony of rooks . The much larger main city park (Stadsparken) is located in the south-west corner of the city center. The site was used for the Lund Exhibition in 1907 and subsequently developed into

5290-601: The area, Malmö Airport , is located about 26 kilometres (16 miles) away and is mainly used for domestic flights. There also used to be a very small airstrip, Hasslanda Flygfält , to the south of Lund, mainly used for private and charter flights. The airstrip closed in 2008. Lund is a regional centre for high tech companies, several of which are based in the north-east of the city. Companies with offices in Lund include Sony Mobile Communications , Ericsson , Arm Holdings , and Microsoft . The Swedish telecommunications company Doro has its head office in Lund. Gambro , one of

5405-411: The centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, and its status as part of Sweden was again confirmed in following peace treaties. Lund University , established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia 's oldest and largest institutions for education and research. The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming

5520-399: The cities of Lund , Malmö and Helsingborg . There are different room types including dormitory rooms, studio flats and one and two-bedroom apartments. The University Board is the university's highest decision-making body. The Board comprises the Vice-Chancellor, representatives of the teaching staff and students, and representatives of the community and business sector. Chair of the board

5635-664: The cities of Malmö and Helsingborg , with around 47,000 students in 241 different programmes and 1,450 freestanding courses. The university has 560 partner universities in approximately 70 countries. It belongs to the League of European Research Universities as well as the global Universitas 21 network. Among those associated with the university are five Nobel Prize winners, a Fields Medal winner, prime ministers and business leaders. Two major facilities for materials research have been recent strategic priorities in Lund: MAX IV ,

5750-495: The city as an independently operated subsidiary of Canon . Other important industries include pharmaceuticals , biotechnology , and publishing and library services. Skåne University Hospital and Lund University are major employers, with extensive research facilities. In particular, the Lund Institute of Technology has connections with the high tech industry in the city. A science park , Ideon Science Park ,

5865-488: The city park. It has hosted concerts by both well-known and emerging bands. The pop singer and television presenter Måns Zelmerlöw was born and grew up in Lund. Artists associated with Lund include DJ and record producer Axwell , rock musician Kal P. Dal , rapper Timbuktu , indie pop group The Radio Dept. , and singer and songwriter Amanda Jenssen . The music venue Olympen , hosted many famous artists from 1971 to 2009. Lund's handball team, LUGI HF plays in both

SECTION 50

#1732772897095

5980-645: The country. Today six Swedish libraries receive legal deposit copies, but only Lund and the Royal Library in Stockholm are required to keep everything for posterity. Swedish imprints make up half of the collections, which amount to 170,000 linear meters of shelving (2006). The library serves 620,000 loans per year, the staff is 200 full-time equivalents, and the 33 branch libraries house 2600 reading room desks. The current main building at Helgonabacken, designed by architect Alfred Hellerström, opened in 1907. It

6095-461: The course of an activity year is the organization of student balls once a year. Most well known of the nation balls (as opposed to balls organized by student unions) is the ball hosted by Göteborgs Nation - called the "Gustaf II Adolf Ball" (also known as the "GA-Ball"). Most nations also host at least one banquet per week, where a three-course dinner is served. Each nation also has different activities based on students' interests. All activities within

6210-575: The development of echocardiography , the spread of modern physiotherapy , the discovery of the role of dopamine as an independent neurotransmitter, the determination of the number of chromosomes of man, the establishment of osseointegration , the development of the Bluetooth technology , and the development of the modern-day medical ventilator. The following is a selected list of some notable people who have been affiliated with Lund University as students or academics. Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694)

6325-477: The evenings. The carnival revues and other stage entertainments have launched a number of well-known entertainers and actors over the years. Lund has long been a regional centre for classical and church music. In particular, Lund is renowned for its vibrant amateur choir scene, with choirs such as Carolinae damkör, Domkyrkokören, Katedralkören, Lunds akademiska kör, Lund Chamber Choir (Swedish: Lunds Kammarkör ), Lunds Studentsångförening , Lunds vokalensemble, and

6440-645: The first implantable pacemaker as well as the first inkjet ECG printer. Lars Leksell (1907–1986) was a notable neurosurgeon who was the father of radiosurgery and later the inventor of the Gamma Knife. Inge Edler (1911–2001) developed the medical ultrasonography in 1953, commonly known as echocardiography, together with Hellmuth Hertz, and was awarded the Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award in 1977. Sune Bergström (1916–2004) and Bengt Samuelsson (1934–) were awarded

6555-413: The government, both for cost reasons, and awaiting the political discussion of how to improve the railway network. Lund Lund ( / l ʊ n d / , US also / l ʌ n d / LU(U)ND , Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ) is a city in the southern Swedish province of Scania , across the Öresund strait from Copenhagen , Denmark. The town had 91,940 inhabitants out of

6670-418: The historically important collections of Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt , Carl Gustaf Thomson , Carl Adolph Agardh , Anders Jahan Retzius , Erik Acharius , Axel Gustaf Gyllenkrok and Sven Nilsson . Lund University library was established in 1668 at the same time as the university and is one of Sweden's oldest and largest libraries. Since 1698 it has received legal deposit copies of everything printed in

6785-612: The hospital in Lund. Nursing and occupational therapy were taught in the Health Sciences Centre nearby, but have since then moved to the newly inaugurated Forum Medicum, which brings all health sciences disciplines under one roof. The university also operates the Clinical Research Centre in Malmö, featuring many specialized laboratories. There are over 100 faculty. LU Accommodation offers housing in

6900-427: The key companies in the development of the artificial kidney , was founded in Lund in 1964 and retains a significant presence in the city. Alfa Laval , the international manufacturer of heat exchangers and separators, have a factory in Lund, and Tetra Pak have their headquarters and part of production in town. Network video camera maker Axis Communications was founded in Lund in 1984 and maintains its headquarters in

7015-556: The line brought access to the area, such as Eslöv and Hässleholm. Initially the route Katrineholm–Nässjö was called Eastern Main Line , whereas the original definition of Southern Main Line was kept and thus reserved for Malmö–Nässjö–Falköping. Not until 1990, the newly founded railway authority Banverket changed the official definition according to modern use. (Nässjö–Falköping became known as Jönköping Line .) The line entirely consists of at least double track, with four tracks on

SECTION 60

#1732772897095

7130-477: The literary world lived and worked in Lund, often in association with the university and theatre. Prominent examples include Esias Tegnér, writer, poet and bishop, and August Strindberg , playwright, novelist and poet. A longer list is given below with other notable natives. The Lund novel is a genre in its own right, a bildungsroman in which a young student experiences life in Lund, Copenhagen and sometimes Österlen whilst maturing as an individual. The Lund novel

7245-590: The mayor and chairman of the executive committee ( kommunstyrelsens ordförande ) has been Philip Sandberg of the Liberals . The university dominates much of the centre of Lund. It was founded in 1666 following the transfer of Scania to Sweden under the Treaty of Roskilde and is the second-oldest university in Sweden after Uppsala University . Its traditional centre is in Lundagård park but stretches out towards

7360-476: The men's and women's top leagues. Lund hosted matches from the 2011 Handball World Championship in the Sparbanken Skåne Arena. Lund has a chess team, Lunds ASK , that for decades has been among the top teams in Sweden. Lund has two Division 1 football clubs, Torns IF and Lunds BK . It is also the birthplace of the online football manager game Hattrick . Lugi Rugbyklubb , based in Lund,

7475-589: The mid-nineteenth century: traditional accounts say it originated at a wedding in 1849 (the four-year intervals place the party in 2002, 2006, 2010, etc.). Arranged by the students of the university, from the 1950s onwards the event has grown in size and intensity (with some 5,500 volunteers 2010), but it remains an amateur event. Midway between a music and stage fair, a city festival, and an outpouring of satire, parody and general madness. Some students dress up in costumes, often relating to and poking fun at current issues, and parade in wagons. Others perform humorous skits in

7590-462: The most famous innovations based on research from Lund University is diagnostic ultrasound , which is today a routine method of examination in hospitals around the world. Other examples of pioneering innovations are the artificial kidney , which laid the foundations for the multinational company Gambro and which makes life easier for dialysis patients worldwide, and Bluetooth technology , which enables wireless communication over short distances. Here

7705-449: The motorway network since 1953 when the E22 was opened between Lund and Malmö. The E22 was the first motorway in Sweden, and was originally built around the edge of the town; however following the expansion of the suburbs out to the east in the latter half of the 20th century it now passes through the city. The E22 forms the main north-south trunk route through Lund. The largest east-west road

7820-422: The murder, and the controversy the murder created around the conditions of student life were a factor in the creation of Akademiska Föreningen in the 1830s. In 1845 and 1862 Lund co-hosted Nordic student meetings together with the University of Copenhagen . A student called Elsa Collin was the first woman in the whole of Sweden to take part in a spex (a student comedy show). In the early 20th century,

7935-475: The name suggests, located in the city of Helsingborg , almost 50 km from Lund. Opened in 2000, it consists of a building in the city center, right next to the central train station and the harbor. Nearly 3,000 students are based on the campus. The Department of Service Management and the Department of Communication and Media are among those located at the campus in Helsingborg. Teaching and training at

8050-423: The nations are run by volunteer workers. In 1830, Professor Carl Adolph Agardh formed Akademiska Föreningen (The Academic Society), commonly referred to as AF, with the goal of "developing and cultivating the academic life" by bringing students and faculty from all departments and student nations together in one organization. Prince Oscar , then Sweden's Chancellor of Education, donated 2000 Kronor to help found

8165-442: The nations still preserve their geographic names. In most cases, it does not matter what nation one enrolls in, but different nations offer different activities for interested students. Each nation has student housing, but the accommodations in no way meet demand, and they are usually appointed according to a queue system. Most nations tend to have at least one pub evening per week, with a following night club. The solemn peak event in

8280-746: The nature preserve Billebjer and the Dalby quarry (Dalby stenbrott) in the eastern countryside of the city. Lund, like the rest of far southern Sweden, has an oceanic climate . The climate is relatively mild compared to other locations at similar latitudes, or even somewhat further south, mainly because of its proximity to the sea. Because of Lund's northerly latitude, daylight lasts as long as 17 hours at midsummer, and only around 7 hours in mid-winter. Summers are warm and pleasant with average high temperatures of 23 °C (73 °F) and lows of around 14 °C (57 °F), but temperatures often exceed 25 °C (77 °F) and heat waves are common during

8395-495: The next woman to do so) is usually mentioned as the first woman at Lund University. Hilma Borelius was the first woman who finished a doctorate in Lund, in 1910. The first woman to be appointed to a professor's chair was the historian Birgitta Odén in 1965, though Carin Boalt was made a professor at the Faculty of Engineering , which at the time was a separate institution, in 1964. In 1992 Boel Flodgren , Professor of Business Law,

8510-454: The north east of the city where the large engineering faculty is located. Today, Lund University is one of northern Europe's largest, with eight faculties, 41,000 students and over 2,000 separate courses. It is and has consistently ranked in the world top 100 universities and is a member of the League of European Research Universities as well as the global Universitas 21 network. Katedralskolan (Lund Cathedral School) founded in 1085,

8625-417: The north of the city. The nature preserve Rinnebäck Gorge (Rinnebäcksravinen), The Källby dams (Källby dammar) and the community park Folkparken are located in the western part of the city. The nature preserve Nöbbelövs Marshland (Nöbbelövs mosse) is located in the northwest of the city. Popular places for swimming close to the city are the beaches in neighboring Lomma , Bjärred and Malmö and lakes such as

8740-475: The north, followed by the large hospital complex. Lund University has a satellite campus in nearby Malmö , Sweden's third-largest city. The Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts' three academies: Malmö Art Academy , Malmö Academy of Music and Malmö Theatre Academy , are all located in Malmö. The city is also the location of Skåne University Hospital, where Lund University performs a considerable amount of research and medical training. Campus Helsingborg is, as

8855-453: The province. However, by 1780 its reputation was largely restored and continued to rise through the 1820s. This was largely owing to popular and well-educated lecturers particularly in philology; the prominent professor Esaias Tegnér was a particularly notable character with widespread authority. He, in turn, attracted others towards Lund. One of these was the young theological student C. G. Brunius, who studied ancient languages under Tegnér and

8970-473: The restaurant Stäket and Krognoshuset. Many of today's buildings in the centre were constructed in the late 1800s, including Katedralskolan , the Grand Hotel and the main building and library of Lund University. Lund city contains four main city squares that are connected by a number of roads and passages that represent the main city centre containing numerous restaurants, shops and bars. Clemenstorget

9085-534: The sandy shore of the Öresund Strait. Its location on the south-facing slope of the Romeleåsen horst leads to the city rising from the low-lying Höje River in the south to 86 metres (282 feet) above mean sea level in the north. From the top of the Sankt Hans Hill it is possible to see Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. The nearest large Swedish city, Malmö , is about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) to

9200-469: The section Malmö–Arlöv. Today higher-speed X 2000 trains travel at 200 km/h (125 mph) for large parts of the way. This is a list of stations along the line where the long-distance trains stop: Here is a list of all the stations along the line: As of 2018, the Arlöv –Lund segment is being rebuilt from two to four tracks. The project includes lowering the tracks through Åkarp and Hjärup for

9315-800: The society. In 1848, construction began on AF-borgen (the AF Fortress), which is located opposite the Main Building in Lundagård . To this day, AF is the center of student life in Lund, featuring many theater companies, mainly spexes and Lund's Student Theater , a prize-winning student radio ( Radio AF ), and organizing the enormous Lundakarnevalen (the Lund Carnival) every four years. "AF Bostäder", an independent foundation with close ties to Akademiska Föreningen, maintains over 5,700 student residences in Lund. The student unions represent students in various decision-making boards within

9430-464: The south-west. Other Swedish cities are more distant: Gothenburg is 250 kilometres (160 miles) away, the capital Stockholm is 600 kilometres (370 miles) distant, and Umeå lies 1,200 kilometres (750 miles) to the north. The central part of Lund largely retains its medieval street layout. A few buildings from the Middle Ages remain, including Lund Cathedral, Liberiet , St. Peter's Priory ,

9545-443: The summer. Winters are quite chilly, with temperatures steady between −1 and 3 °C (30 and 37 °F). Lund has arguably the mildest climate of the country in average highs. In terms of yearly means and average lows Falsterbo is marginally milder. Rainfall is light to moderate throughout the year with an average of 169 wet days. Snowfall occurs sparingly, mainly from December to March, but snow cover does not typically remain for

9660-411: The surrounding countryside. It reached its current form in 1974 following the absorption of a number of nearby municipalities. In 2014 the city itself was officially divided into 14 administrative divisions. The municipality is governed by a municipal assembly ( kommunfullmäktige ) of 65 members, who elect a municipal executive committee ( kommunstyrelse ) of 13 members. Since October 2018

9775-442: The town, including a multi-storey facility at the railway station, over 260 km (162 mi) of cyclepaths and cycle lanes, and 43% of journeys within the city take place by bicycle. There has been no increase in car usage for the past 10 years. Since 2019, the bus network in Lund has been licensed to the company Vy Buss , overseen by Skånetrafiken. They operate green-coloured buses which are electric. The busses run on

9890-631: The tram line is slated to thrown open to the public on December 13, 2020. The 15-minute tram ride connects Lund Central Station with the hospital , Lund University (LTH), Ideon Science Park , the new upcoming district of Brunnshög, the MAX IV synchrotron light source, and, the European Spallation Source . Long-term plans to extend this network to the suburban towns of Bjärred (via Öresundsvägen), Dalby, Staffanstorp and Södra Sandby have been shelved. Lund has been connected to

10005-565: The university and counsel students regarding their rights, housing and career options. There are nine student unions, one for each faculty and an additional union for doctoral students. Lund's Doctoral Student Union is further divided into councils, one for each faculty except for the faculties of engineering and fine and performing arts. The unions are incorporated into the Association of Lund University Student Unions (LUS). It has two full-time representatives who go to weekly meetings with

10120-463: The university and high tech industries. For example, Tetra Pak , the food packaging and processing company, was founded in Lund in 1952. Suburbs were added to the outer edges of the city: Klostergården, Norra Fäladen and Linero in the 1960s, Norra Nöbbelöv in the 1970s, Gunnesbo in the 1980s and Värpinge in the 1990s. Lund is located in Sweden's largest agricultural district, in the south-west of Scania, less than ten kilometres (6.2 miles) from

10235-770: The university had a student population as small as one thousand, consisting largely of upper-class pupils training to become civil servants, lawyers and doctors. In the coming decades, it started to grow significantly until it became one of the country's largest. In 1964 the social sciences were split from the Faculty of Humanities. Lund Institute of Technology was established in 1961 but was merged with Lund University eight years later. In recent years, Lund University has been very popular among applicants to Swedish higher education institutions, both nationally and internationally. For studies starting in autumn 2012, Lund received 11,160 foreign master's applications from 152 countries, which

10350-399: The university in 1666 as a means of making Scania Swedish by educating teachers in Swedish and culturally integrate the Scania region with Sweden. The university was named Academia Carolina after Charles X Gustav of Sweden until the late 19th century when Lund University became the widespread denomination. It was the fifth university under the Swedish king, after Uppsala University (1477),

10465-534: The university, but this is no longer compulsory. Students may still enroll in these organizations if they wish. The nations in Lund are a central part of the university's history, initially serving as residential colleges for students, organized by geographic origin. Östgöta Nation , the oldest nation, was established in 1668, two years after the university was founded. While the nations still offer limited housing, today they are best described as student societies . Today students may enroll in any nation, although

10580-540: The university. The Lund University Historical Museum is based in the Lundagård park. Its exhibitions were updated in 2018 and cover the history, archeology and zoology of Scania. There is a separate Lund Cathedral museum. The Museum of Sketches for Public Art is a unique museum that documents the development of public artworks. The Vattenhallen Science Center, connected to the university's engineering faculty, has an interactive presentation of science and research. The Lund carnival has been held every four years since

10695-599: The university. The university offers 6 of the 10 most popular master's programs in Sweden (2021), in terms of the numbers of applications. Five of those programs are offered at the School of Economics and Management (LUSEM). The LUSEM Master's in Finance ranks 36th in the world, according to the Financial Times annual global ranking. The Financial Times Master's programmes in Management ranking places Lund 44th in

10810-408: The vice-chancellor and other organizational university bodies. The student union association runs services such as a loan institute, a day-care center and a website with housing information. It also publishes the monthly Lundagård magazine. Alumni and faculty of Lund University are associated with, among other things: five Nobel Prizes, a Fields Medal, the creation of the first implantable pacemaker ,

10925-600: The world in the Times Higher Global University Employability Ranking and in 2020, Lund placed 91–100 in the Times Higher Education (THE) World Reputation Ranking. Lund student life is based on three central structures: the student nations, the Academic Society (AF) and the student unions. Until 1 July 2010, students were required to enroll in a student union, nation and AF in order to receive grades at

11040-635: The world. Lund University is well known as one of Scandinavia's largest research universities. It ranks among top performers in the European Union in terms of papers accepted for publication in scientific journals . It is also Sweden's top receiver of research grants from the EU, and places fifth among european universities in funding from Horizon Europe. The university is active in many internationally important research areas, such as neurology, nanotechnology, climate change and stem cell biology. One of

11155-414: Was Sweden's prime minister 1945–1969, potentially a record of uninterrupted tenure in parliamentary democracies, and led his party through eleven elections. Ingvar Carlsson (1934–) served as Sweden's prime minister 1986–1991 and 1994–1996 and as Sweden's deputy prime minister 1982–1986. Rupiah Banda (1937–) was the president of Zambia 2008–2011 and its vice president 2006–2008. Leif Silbersky (1938–)

11270-716: Was Sweden's ambassador in UN 1956–1958, and Sweden's ambassador in Washington DC 1958–1964. Britta Holmström (1911–1992) was the founder of Individuell Människohjälp (IM), a human rights organization with activities in 12 countries. Torsten Hägerstrand (1916–2004) was an internationally renowned geographer, considered the father of 'time geography' and receiver of the Lauréat Prix International de Géographie Vautrin Lud in 1992. Judith Wallerstein (1921–2012)

11385-465: Was a Swedish lawyer, publicist and inventor who created the first working programmable difference engine with a printing unit. Martin Wiberg (1826–1905) was a prolific inventor who, among many things, created the first difference engine the size of the sewing machine that could calculate and print logarithmic tables. Johannes Rydberg (1854–1919) was a renowned physicist famous for the Rydberg formula and

11500-454: Was a notable jurist and philosopher known for his natural law theories, influencing Adam Smith as well as Thomas Jefferson . Olof von Dalin (1708–1763) was an influential Swedish writer and historian of the late enlightenment era . Peter Wieselgren (1800–1877) was a Swedish priest, literature critic and prominent leader of the Swedish temperance movement . Knut Wicksell (1851–1926)

11615-401: Was a renowned psychologist and internationally recognized authority on the effects of marriage and divorce on children and their parents. The first person from Iceland to earn a degree in archaeology, Ólafía Einarsdóttir , studied for her MA and PhD at Lund. Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), began his academic career in Lund by studying medicine and botany for a year before moving to Uppsala . He

11730-553: Was absorbed in 1066. Lund Cathedral was similarly founded in or shortly after 1103. In 1152, the Norwegian archdiocese of Nidaros was founded as a separate province of the church, independent of Lund. In 1164 Sweden also acquired an archbishop of its own, although he was nominally subordinate to the archbishop of Lund. It is still, as the diocese of Lund , a diocese in the Church of Sweden . Lund Cathedral School (Katedralskolan)

11845-468: Was also the first to develop the inkjet technology of printing. Lars Hörmander [REDACTED] (1931–2012) is sometimes considered the foremost contributor to the modern theory of linear partial differential equations and received the Fields Medal in 1962 for his early work on equations with constant coefficients . Karl Johan Åström (1934–) is a notable control theorist, who in 1993 was awarded

11960-530: Was an influential economist, sometimes considered one of the founders of modern macroeconomics . Oscar Olsson (1877–1950) was an important developer of self-education in Sweden and known as the father of study circles . Bertil Ohlin (1899–1979) received the Nobel Prize in economic sciences in 1977 for theories concerning international trade and capital, and was the leader of the Liberal's Peoples Party ( Folkpartiet ) for 23 years. Gunnar Jarring (1907–2002)

12075-677: Was an internationally renowned theoretical physicist famous for the Klein-Kaluza theory, the Klein-Gordon equation, and the Klein-Nishina formula. Pehr Edman (1916–1977) was a renowned biochemist who developed a method for sequencing proteins, known as the Edman degradation, and has been called the father of modern biochemistry . Hellmuth Hertz (1920–1990) developed the echocardiography together with Inge Edler (see above), and

12190-426: Was appointed rector magnificus (or, strictly speaking, rectrix magnifica ) of Lund University. As such, she was the first woman to be the head of a European university. The university's facilities are mainly located in the small city of Lund in Scania, about 15 km away from central Malmö and 50 km from Copenhagen . The large student and staff population makes an impact on the city, effectively making it

12305-476: Was established in 1085 and is today Scandinavia's oldest school . In 1425, a Franciscan studium generale (a medieval university ) was founded in Lund next to the Lund Cathedral (with baccalaureate degree started in 1438), making it the oldest institution of higher education in Scandinavia followed by studia generalia in Uppsala in 1477 and Copenhagen in 1479. After Sweden won Scania from Denmark in

12420-442: Was finally restored with the death of Charles XII in 1718, and during the first half of the 18th century, the university was granted added funds. The number of students was now around 500. Despite not being on par with Uppsala University , it had built a solid reputation and managed to attract prominent professors. Around 1760 the university's reputation dropped as the number of students fell below 200, most of whom hailed from around

12535-526: Was founded in 1085 by the Danish king Canute the Saint . This is the oldest school in Scandinavia and one of the oldest in Northern Europe. Many prominent people were educated there, among them the actor Max von Sydow and several high-ranking politicians. Lund was ceded to Sweden in 1658 as part of the terms of the Treaty of Roskilde . It was recaptured by Denmark in 1676 during the early phases of

12650-446: Was founded in 1983 as a collaboration between Lund University, Lund Municipality and Wihlborgs Fastigheter AB. As of 2016 it hosts about 350 companies, employing 2,700 people. Many of these are high tech companies that have ties to the university. The 2010s have seen the development of two major research facilities in Lund, both in collaboration with the university. MAX IV is the world's most brilliant synchrotron light source and

12765-484: Was later to become a professor of Greek. With time he was to devote himself to architecture and he redesigned several of Lund's buildings, as well as churches of the province. In 1829, the murder at Locus Peccatorum occurred in the Locus Peccatorum residence at the university. Jacob Wilhelm Blomdahl, a theology student, beat his fellow student Anders Landén to death in the night. Blomdahl was later executed for

12880-497: Was named Sweden's most beautiful building in 2019. The old library building was Liberiet close to the city's cathedral. Liberiet was built as a library in the 15th century but now serves as a cafe. Education and research in the health sciences at the university are operated in cooperation with Skåne University Hospital , located in both Lund and Malmö. Medical education takes place in the Biomedical Centre, next to

12995-563: Was ranked as the 40th most international university in the world by Times Higher in 2021. Lund placed 8th in the 2024 QS World University Sustainability Ranking. The QS World University Rankings by Subject for 2021 places Lund in the top 50 in the following subjects: Geography (24th), Development Studies (32nd), Environmental Sciences (44th) and Nursing (47th). QS also has a separate ranking for business Master's (the QS Business Masters Rankings), where Lund University

13110-408: Was roughly one third of all international applications to Swedish universities. The first woman to study in Lund was Hildegard Björck (spring of 1880) who had previously studied in Uppsala and had been the first Swedish woman ever to get an academic degree. Her tenure in Lund was however very brief and the medical student Hedda Andersson who entered the university later in 1880 (two years before

13225-544: Was suppressed during the Danish Reformation in 1537. The present Lund University was established in 1666. In 1943, during the Second World War, Lund was accidentally bombed by a British aircraft. No deaths were reported, though some people were injured by glass fragments. Over the second half of the 20th century the population of Lund more than doubled, driven in large part by the growth of

#94905