78-568: The Salug River is a river in Bukidnon , Philippines . Its drainage area is located in the southern sections of San Fernando . It acts as an aquifer for said municipality. Salug is a tributary of the Davao River , an extensive river system of within the Davao river basin. The Matigsalug tribe is named after the river. Their oral tradition states that they first settled at the mouth of
156-406: A fairly young population, with ages 14 and below accounting 42.15% or 446, 952. The 15-34 age bracket account for 33.68% of the province's population or 357,112. Ages 55 and above barely accounts 6.5% of the total. The average population growth rate of the province is 2.05% (2.03% if exponential) from 2000 to 2010. Male-to-female ratio in the province stood at 1.06. The average population density for
234-567: A group of people associated with a place. It is sometimes used as an umbrella term that encompasses not only the Ilonggo people but also the Karay-a , Capiznon , and Aklanon peoples. The definition can be used interchangeably with "Ilonggo people" to refer to the broader ethnic group of people from Panay. According to a 2010 census, 8.44% of the national population is Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, compared to 24.44% Tagalog (the plurality group). This makes
312-525: A mother who is Ilonggo. Football is very popular in Western Visayas, and the Iloilo town of Barotac Nuevo has been known to contribute many football players to the national team. Also of note are Hiligaynon athletes on the national track team. Common meals have fish and other seafood as a main component. They are often cooked with local green produce and other spices. Rice is also served as part of
390-502: A net profit of 35%, being paid at an average of 45 pesos per meter. Their hablon is used in barongs — a traditional men's formalwear — decorative linens for the home, and other accessories sold locally and internationally. With the spread of the Hiligaynon and their culture throughout the country, many business have catered to exporting aspects of the Hiligaynon culture in marketable products, appealing to urban tastes and members of
468-492: A strong fishing tradition, with sources of fish present in the Guimaras Strait. Inland fishing, especially of prawn, has taken root, especially as pursued by owners of haciendas looking to diversify their sources of income. This practice is pursued to a lesser extent by residents of the mountains, who use traditional nets and traps and poisonous plant materials in their methods. In Iloilo, weaving based on local fibers
546-593: Is 10,498.59 square kilometres (4,053.53 sq mi),10,498.59 making it the largest in Mindanao in terms of land area. It accounts for 59 percent (59%) of Northern Mindanao . Thirty-eight percent (38%) is classified as alienable and disposable. The rest is timberland forest. It also accounts for 80 percent (80%) or 34 million metric tons of the region's nonmetallic mineral deposits, which include high grade white and red clay, gold, chromite, copper, serpentine, manganese, quartz and limestone deposits can also be found in
624-943: Is a biodiverse area that hosts endemic fauna. It is home to the critically endangered Philippine eagle , the vulnerable Philippine deer , the Philippine flying lemur , and the Mindanao gymnure . The Mount Kitanglad Mountain Range is home to the Philippine eagle, the Mindanao pygmy fruit bat , the Kitanglad shrew-mouse ( Crunomys suncoides ) , and the gray-bellied mountain rat ( Limonmys bryophilus ). Rafflesia schadenbergiana has also been found on Mount Kitanglad. Mount Musuan and Mount Kalatungan, along with Mount Malindang in Misamis Occisdental, are also home to
702-549: Is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region . Its capital is the city of Malaybalay while Valencia is the largest city. The province borders, clockwise from the north, Misamis Oriental , Agusan del Sur , Davao del Norte , Cotabato , Lanao del Sur , and Lanao del Norte . According to the 2020 census, the province is inhabited by 1,541,308 residents. The province
780-594: Is a source of income but to a lesser extent. Hand-loom weaving practices began historically among the Hiligaynon after trade with the Chinese introduced weaving materials. By the 1850s, weaving became a substantial export for Iloilo, known then as the "textile capital of the Philippines" for its production of piña (pineapple fibers), silk, jusi (combined weaving of piña and silk), and sinamay (combined weaving of abacá and cotton). The prominence of Ilonggo fabrics on
858-404: Is composed of 2 component cities and 20 municipalities. It is the third largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction behind Palawan and Isabela respectively. The name "Bukidnon" means "highlander" or "mountain dweller." Occupying a wide plateau in the north central part of the island of Mindanao , the province is considered to be the food basket of the region, being
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#1732775723889936-438: Is considered to define a specific group of people whose ethnic origins are in the provinces of Iloilo, Guimaras, and Panay, while "Hiligaynon" defines the language and culture of the Ilonggo people. Thus, both terms are interchangeable in referring to the culture of the people or the people themselves. The term "Panayan" is derived from "Panay," the name of the island, with the addition of the suffix "-an," which typically denotes
1014-868: Is found in Maramag , Bukidnon, which was the result of the construction of the Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Dam of the National Power Corporation (NPC) in the course of the Pulangi River. There are also numerous springs and waterfalls located in the province. Some of the waterfalls include the Alalum Falls, Dimadungawan Falls, Dila Falls, Gantungan Falls, Natigbasan Falls, Sagumata Falls, Magubo Falls, and Balisbisan Falls. The Pantaron Mountain Range in Bukidnon
1092-466: Is no pronounced rain period but relatively dry during the months of November to May. In the southern portion of the province, the climate is classified as Type IV with no dry season. The driest area is Baungon, while the wettest is the Calabugao plain. The climate is relatively cool and humid throughout the year. The average annual rainfall is 2,800 millimeters (110 in). Just like in other parts of
1170-471: Is similar to Hiligaynon but older. Throughout the nation, the Hiligaynon speak Tagalog and English as second languages, especially outside of Western Visayas. Many Hiligaynon residents in Mindanao and their descendants can speak and understand Cebuano with Ilonggo accent in addition to their own native language since these both languages are related to Visayan languages and many vocabularies of both are very mutually intelligible to each other, both due to
1248-705: The Indigenous people of Bukidnon, there were four main tribes in Central Mindanao: the Maranaos who dwell in Lanao del Sur, and the Maguindanao, Manobo and Talaandig tribes who respectively inhabit the eastern, southern, and north-central portions of the original province of Cotabato . When the civil government divided central Mindanao into provinces at the turn of the 20th century, the groups included in
1326-661: The Lumad peoples , including the Bukidnon, Higaonon, Manobo, and Talaandig. Their cultures and traditions are embodied in oral folk literature of the province, which are classified into; antoka (riddles), basahan (proverbs or wise sayings), kaliga (ceremonial songs), limbay (lyric poem), sala (love song), idangdang (ballad), ulaging (epic), and nanangon (folktales). Religion is monotheistic. They believe in one God . Magbabaya (the ruler of all) has minor gods and goddesses under his command (Example: Bulalakaw watches rivers and lakes, Tumpas Nanapiyaw or Itumbangol watches
1404-454: The Visayan branch native to Panay , Guimaras , and Negros . They originated in the province of Iloilo , on the island of Panay, in the region of Western Visayas . Over the years, inter-migrations and intra-migrations have contributed to the diaspora of the Hiligaynon to different parts of the Philippines. Today, the Hiligaynon, apart from the province of Iloilo, also form the majority in
1482-481: The 1970s through the 1980s experienced turmoil as financing decline and harvests went unpaid, leading the sugar elites to diversify their crop. Today, tenant farming continues to be the norm in organizing labor for rice in Iloilo, a regional rice producer. As for sugar production, workers are paid minimum wage. Smaller-scale agriculture still exists along coastal plains and inland valleys, with crops such as corn and tobacco. The slash-and-burn system known as kaingin
1560-485: The 4th, 5th, 8th, 17th, and 30th highest mountains in the country respectively, are also found in the province. Bukidnon was consecutively ranked 5th in the list of richest provinces in the Philippines for four straight years according to the Commission on Audit 's 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 Annual Financial Reports which were posted in 2019, early to late 2021, and 2022, respectively. According to oral history of
1638-681: The Cebuano-speaking Negros Oriental. A mixture of Cebuano and Hiligaynon is spoken in Sagay and neighboring cities and municipalities facing both Iloilo and Cebu. There has also been overlap between the Visayan languages in terms of vocabulary and the knowledge of the languages by the Hiligaynon. For example, some towns in Capiz use Aklanon words in their competency of Hiligaynon, while Kinaray-a and Hiligaynon are spoken by
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#17327757238891716-915: The Hiligaynon the fourth most populous ethnic group in the nation behind the Tagalog (24.44%), the Cebuano (9.91%), the Ilocano (8.77%), Two provinces have populations above one million since a 1990 census: Iloilo (1,608,083) and Negros Occidental (1,821,206), comprising 97.6% and 80.7%, respectively, with urban centers taken into account. Like many other Filipino ethnic groups such as the Ilocano , there are organized associations of migrant Hiligaynon that aim to celebrate their culture through their own communities. Several publicly known organizations are concentrated in California and Hawaii, among other locations in
1794-517: The Hiligaynon. What is known is that in the 13th century, ten datu (chieftains) arrived from Borneo, fleeing the collapse of a central Indonesian empire . The Ati agreed to allow the newcomers to settle, who had purchased the island from them, and the island was named Madya-as. Since then, political organization was introduced to Panay under the Malay newcomers. By the arrival of the Spanish in 1569,
1872-570: The Malaybalay-Impasugong area and those around the volcanic cones approximate semi-temperate conditions and can support the cultivation of highland tropical crops. Based on the records of climatological stations within and near the province, lithology and land form, three agro-ecological zones are identified. One covers the mountainous eastern side (Central Cordillera), which is generally wet, with rainfall of about 2,340 to 4,000 millimeters (92 to 157 in) per annum. Another covers
1950-482: The Philippine eagle, the Mindanao wrinkled hornbill ( Aceros leococephalus ), and the Philippine tarsier ( Tarsius syrichta ). The three mountains are home to more than 1,000 plant species, including 12 that are endangered, 221 that are endemic, 17 that are rare, and 187 that are economically or socioculturally important. Bukidnon is subdivided into 20 municipalities and 2 cities . The province has 464 barangays under its jurisdiction. The table below shows
2028-473: The Pulangi River in Valencia. The Muleta River is found in the southern portion of the province covering the municipalities of Pangantucan , Don Carlos , Kitaotao , Dangcagan , Kibawe , Kadingilan and Damulog . It is another important tributary of the Pulangi River and flows southward. It will join the Pulangi River in the boundary of Bukidnon and Cotabato province. The Bobonawan River , found in
2106-575: The Salug River and only moved upstream due to pressure from piracy. This article related to a river in the Philippines is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bukidnon Bukidnon ( / b uː ˈ k ɪ d n ɒ n / ), officially the Province of Bukidnon ( Cebuano : Lalawigan sa Bukidnon ; Filipino : Lalawigan ng Bukidnon ; Hiligaynon : Kapuroan sang Bukidnon ; Binukid and Higaonon : Probinsya ta Bukidnon ),
2184-508: The Top 20 Largest Barangays according to population. Bukidnon has four legislative districts namely the first , second , third and fourth districts . Based on the 2020 census, Bukidnon has a total population of 1,541,308 residents. In the 2000 census, males slightly edge the females with 546,234, accounting for about 52% of the province's total population while females, with 514,181, account about 48%. Based on age distribution, Bukidnon has
2262-533: The United States. Most Hiligaynons are Christians , with a majority of these Christians being Roman Catholics . There are also smaller populations of Hiligaynons who are Aglipayan , Protestants , and Muslims . The Indigenous Hiligaynon faiths were largely eliminated during the Spanish era and survived as Folk Catholicism. The Hiligaynon language is part of the Visaya (Bisaya) family of languages in
2340-785: The World War II. In 1945, the province was liberated from Japanese occupation by Filipino and American troops with the aid of Bukidnon-based Filipino guerrillas during the Second World War . Bukidnon is a landlocked plateau in North Central Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro ; on the south by North Cotabato and Davao City ; on the east by Agusan del Sur and Davao del Norte ; and west by Lanao del Sur . It lies between parallels 7°25' and 8°38' north latitude and meridians 124°03' and 125°16' east longitude. Malaybalay ,
2418-504: The bases of the earth, night, and day). Many of the province's inhabitants, however, are descendants of immigrants from Cebu or elsewhere in Central Visayas. The majority of the population are Christians (predominantly Roman Catholic , 80.7%. Significant other Christian denomination minority at 15%, followed by Islam (4%), and other religious groups comprising 0.3%. Ethnic religion is still in practice by native Lumads across
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2496-517: The capital town, is about 850 kilometers (530 mi) by air from Manila and 91 kilometers (57 mi) by road from Cagayan de Oro. It has two important landmarks, Mount Kitanglad and Pulangi River . Mount Kitanglad has a peak of 2,899 meters (9,511 ft) above sea level. Pulangi River, on the other hand, traverses through the northeastern and southern part of the province towards the Rio Grande de Mindanao . The province's total land area
2574-439: The central islands of the Philippines, and is particular to the Hiligaynon people. Ultimately, it is a Malayo-Polynesian language like many other languages spoken by Filipino ethnic groups, as well as languages in neighboring states such as Indonesia and Malaysia . This language is marked by its song-like intonation in speech, while also having a more prevalent "l" sound than "r" sound. Its related language on Panay, Kinaray-a ,
2652-470: The central part of the province. It is also in the national roads of these cities/municipalities that daily road use volume are high. The lingua franca of the region is Cebuano . Minority languages include Higaonon, Bukid, Ilianen, Matigsalug, Hiligaynon, Maranao , Maguindanao , Iranun , Ilocano , and Waray . Tagalog and English are generally understood and widely used in schools, business, and government offices. According to ethnicity, majority of
2730-452: The coast", from the root word ilig ("to go downstream"), referring to a river in Iloilo, Panay. During the early Spanish colonial period, the conquistador Miguel de Loarca also used the name "Yliguenes" for other coastal-dwelling Visayan peoples in Cebu , Bohol , and Western Negros . The term "Ilonggo" is derived from "Ilong-ilong", the old name for Iloilo City , Panay. “Ilonggo”
2808-465: The confluence of increased port access and new technology and financial resources. A Spanish royal decree in 1855 ordered that the port be opened, with the expectation of increasing economic growth in areas beyond Manila. Given the safe location of the port and a long-standing history of trade, Iloilo was an ideal international port, thus becoming integrated into the international trade of the 19th century. The British vice-consul in Iloilo, Nicholas Loney ,
2886-671: The country, rainfall is more pronounced from June to October compared to other months of the year. February to April are the drier months. Temperature ranges vary with elevation. In areas lower than 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level (m.a.s.l.), the recorded temperature range is between 20 and 34 °C (68 and 93 °F). Areas with elevations greater than 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level would have temperatures ranging from 18 to 28 °C (64 to 82 °F). Relative humidity also varies with elevation, with those above 500 m having relative humidity of about 80%, while areas lying below 500 meters (1,600 ft), 65-7 percent. Thus,
2964-576: The culture. These have included food, crafts, fashionable apparel, and art pieces, especially those that exhibit the cultures particular to Iloilo City and Bacolod . The original inhabitants of Western Visayas were the Negritos , particularly the Ati people in Panay. Malay-speaking peoples settled in the island in the 13th century, but some of the facts of this settlements are clouded by folk mythology among
3042-412: The early Hiligaynon before the arrival of the Spanish, who were also able to produce wine from the juice of these crops. The Spanish became the catalysts for large-scale agricultural production, dividing Panay into encomienda and enlisting the natives of Panay, including the Hiligaynon, into labor for the haciendas. By the 19th century, the sugarcane industry became more expansive and modernized due to
3120-630: The government as a way of skirting land reform . This came at the expense of the local Maguindanaon population, who were not helped by the government, and which contributed to later tensions between the mostly Christian Hiligaynon and the Muslim Maguindanaon. Largely Austronesian at its core, Hiligaynon culture today nevertheless carries with it elements of Negrito , Indic , Hàn Chinese and Castilian culture. Hiligaynon settlers in Mindanao may have also assimilated Lumad and Moro traditions to varying degrees, and vice versa (e.g.,
3198-474: The high altitude volcanic plains, the Malaybalay-Impasug-ong area, and the foot slopes of Mount Kitanglad, and Mount Kalatungan. These areas have an annual rainfall in the range of 2,490 to 3,680 millimeters (98 to 145 in). The third zone covers the south-central and the north-western parts of the province, with elevations of less than 500 meters, relatively dry with mean annual rainfall in
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3276-411: The highest population among the four provincial congressional districts, with 31.86% of the total population of the province. It is followed by District II with 26.45% of the total population and District I with a population share of 21.36%. The least populated district is District IV with population percentage share of 20.33%. Valencia has the highest population among the cities/municipalities of
3354-594: The huge influx of Cebuano-speaking individuals from Cebu , Bohol , Leyte , Siquijor and other Cebuano-speaking majority areas in Mindanao residing in Soccsksargen, and Hiligaynons residing in Cebuano-speaking areas in the island especially in cities. Some even speak Ilocano (a native language of the Luzon ethnic group of the same name sharing residency with Hiligaynons in Soccsksargen area) as well as
3432-443: The inhabitants of Panay were well-organized, yet became part of Spanish colonial rule. The 19th century was marked by the migration of the Hiligaynon from Panay to Negros . Their migration was due to the growth of sugarcane production in the later 19th century. This was also caused by the wane of the textile industry, increasing the labor pool for sugarcane in Panay through the industry's losses. Spanish colonials actively sponsored
3510-435: The international scale was propelled by the opening of the port of Iloilo. However, weaving declined by the end of the century due to the popularity of growing sugarcane and the availability of cheap British cotton cloth produced in factories. Today, local weavers have found a niche market in specialty fabrics such as hablon, an expensive cloth woven out of jusi and piña fibers. The Department of Trade and Industry has helped
3588-608: The island's Indigenous languages because of intermingling and coexistence between the Indigenous and migrant ethnicities in the area, resulting from southward migration from Luzon and Visayas since the 20th century since Mindanao, particularly in Soccsksargen, is a melting pot of cultures. Likewise, Hiligaynons in eastern Negros Occidental can also speak and understand Cebuano with Ilonggo accent (slightly different from Hiligaynons in Mindanao) due to its geographical contact with
3666-603: The lake is located. Another lake is found in Pigtauranan, Pangantucan called the Napalit Lake . The lake covers an area of 36 hectares and is one of the tourist spots in Pangantucan, Bukidnon. There are 24 floating islets in the lake. The third significant inland body of water in the province is Apo Lake at Guinoyoran, Valencia . It occupies an approximate area of 25 hectares. A man-made lake called Maramag Basin
3744-428: The land resource of the province is of rugged hills and mountains and 33% of undulating to rolling terrain. At Mailag, 23 kilometers (14 mi) south of Malaybalay , the plateau begins to descend and gradually merges into the lowlands of Cotabato province. Two types of climate are roughly divided by the northern and southern areas of Bukidnon. The northern part is classified as belonging to Type III, that is, there
3822-489: The longest river in the province, is a tributary of the Rio Grande de Mindanao . Its headwaters are found in the mountains of Kalabugao, Impasugong . It is the largest as well as the longest river found in the province. It covers the following cities and municipalities of the province: Impasugong , Malaybalay , Cabanglasan , San Fernando , Valencia , Maramag , Quezon , Don Carlos , Kitaotao , Dangcagan , Kibawe and Damulog . The Tagoloan River has its headwaters in
3900-543: The major producer of rice and corn . Products from plantations in the province also include pineapples , bananas and sugarcane . Situated within Bukidnon is Mount Dulang-dulang , the 2nd highest mountain in the country, with an elevation of 2,938 metres (9,639 ft) located in the Kitanglad Mountain Range . Mount Kitanglad (2,899 m), Mount Kalatungan (2,860 m), Mount Maagnaw (2,742 m), Mount Lumuluyaw (2,612 m), and Mount Tuminungan (2,400 m),
3978-496: The meal, as in the rest of the country. Several dishes of the Hiligaynon are well known to many Filipinos, and contribute to the local food culture of Iloilo City. La Paz Batchoy is one such dish, composed of pork innards, liver, and heart in a broth with noodles and trimmings such as chicharon and garlic. Pancit Molo is also a popular dish, a wonton soup with dumplings filled with pork, chicken, and shrimp, as well as trimmings of green onions and garlic. Particular to Western Visayas
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#17327757238894056-487: The migration, especially by prominent peninsulares and mestizos. It was such that between 1822 and 1876, the population in Negros increased so that it matched the population of Panay (756,000) from the 1822 count of 49,369. Many revolutionaries in the late 19th century who sought independence from Spain were Hiligaynon. Some of them were part of the educated elite who sought for reforms, such as Graciano López Jaena , who led
4134-487: The mountains of Can-ayan, Malaybalay. It traverses the province northwestward passing through Malaybalay, Impasugong, Sumilao, Manolo Fortich, Malitbog and finally empties into the sea at Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental . The Cagayan River watershed is found mostly in the municipality of Talakag. Its headwaters are found in the Kitanglad Mountain Range in central Bukidnon. The river flows northward through
4212-715: The municipalities of Talakag and Baungon . Its mouth lies at Cagayan de Oro in Misamis Oriental , where it is the main source of potable water. The Manupali River , a major tributary of the Pulangi River, starts in the mountains of Lantapan, Bukidnon , picking up tributaries along the way from the Kalatungan and Kitanglad Mountain Ranges. It forms part of the natural boundary of the Valencia and Lantapan . It flows eastward towards Malaybalay , eventually joining
4290-481: The municipality of Cabanglasan , is another tributary of the Pulangi River. It covers most of the parts of the municipality, flowing southward towards Pulangi River. Aside from the relatively important river systems, various lakes also dot the landscape of the province. Pinamaloy Lake , in Don Carlos, Bukidnon , is the largest in the province covering about 50 hectares. It was named after Barangay Pinamaloy, where
4368-509: The people in Bukidnon are Cebuano accounting for approximately 41% of the total population. The Bukidnon Lumads (Bukidnon, Higaonon, Manobo, Talaandig, etc.) account for about 24% of the total population of the province. The Maranaos form about 8% of the total population followed by the Hiligaynon/Ilonggo and Boholano groups with 12.7% and 7.37%, respectively, of the province's total population. Indigenous inhabitants of Bukidnon are
4446-446: The province is 128 persons per square km. The cities/municipalities with the highest population densities are the following: Don Carlos (353/km ), Kitaotao (250/km ), Valencia (244/km ), Maramag (213/km ) and Quezon (202/km ). The cities/municipalities with the lowest densities, on the other hand are: Impasugong (29/km ), Talakag (58/km ), San Fernando (63/km ), Malitbog (75/km ) and Damulog (83/km ). District III has
4524-456: The province is composed of nearly level terraces, alluvial plains , canyons and gorges. The volcanic terraces and volcanic foot slopes that are ≥500 m above sea level are estimated to be about 221,600 hectares (548,000 acres). Gently rolling grassland plateau are cut by deep and wide canyons of the Cagayan , Pulangi , and Tagoloan rivers and their tributaries, which cover a greater part of
4602-476: The province of Agusan with Bukidnon as its sub-province. About a month later, on September 23, the rancheria of Malaybalay was designated as the sub-province's capital. Bukidnon became a regular province on March 10, 1917, by virtue of the creation of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu under Act 2711. In 1942, invading Japanese troops entered Bukidnon. Mount Capistrano was a civilian evacuation area in
4680-679: The province of Bukidnon are the Talaandig and the Manobo, as well as other smaller Lumad tribes. The Visayans , particularly the Cebuanos and the Hiligaynons from the Northern Mindanao coastline and the southern Visayas , migrated into the province. The Visayans are still referred to by the Lumad as the dumagat ("sea people") to distinguish them from the original mountain tribes. This
4758-500: The province with 192,993 inhabitants, accounting 13.64% of the province's total. It is closely followed by Malaybalay with 174,625 inhabitants or 12.34% of the provincial population. Quezon is at third with 104,116 inhabitants or 7.36% of the total, with Maramag and Manolo Fortich rounding out the fourth and fifth with 102,089 and 100,210 inhabitants, respectively. The four largest local government units of Bukidnon (Valencia, Malaybalay, Quezon, and Maramag) are clustered together in
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#17327757238894836-405: The province. Poverty incidence of Bukidnon Hiligaynon people The Hiligaynon people ( Hiligaynon : mga Hiligaynon ), often referred to as Ilonggo people ( Hiligaynon : mga Ilonggo ) or Panayan people ( Hiligaynon : mga Panayanon ), are the second largest subgroup of the larger Visayan ethnic group , whose primary language is Hiligaynon , an Austronesian language of
4914-523: The province. Much of Bukidnon is an extensive plateau, but the southern and eastern boundaries are mountainous. The province's average elevation is 915 meters (3,002 ft) above sea level. The slope gradient peaks at 2,899 meters (9,511 ft) of Mount Kitanglad, an extinct volcano occupying the central portion. Two other mountain bodies are found in its southern portion, Mount Kalatungan and Mount Tangkulan, which rise to 2,287 meters (7,503 ft) and 1,678 meters (5,505 ft), respectively. The rest of
4992-514: The province. The Bukidnon plateau is mainly of volcanic zone consisting of pyroclastic , basaltic and andesitic cones. The whole eastern and southern border adjoining the provinces of Agusan , Davao del Norte , and Cotabato are covered by lofty and densely forested Pantaron Mountain Range , also known as the Central Cordillera. The Central Cordillera is a mountain range of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. About 49% of
5070-493: The provinces of Guimaras , Negros Occidental , Capiz , South Cotabato , Sultan Kudarat , and Cotabato Province . Hiligaynon is also spoken in some parts of Sarangani Province particulary in the Municipality of Malungon . The demonym "Hiligaynon" is from Spanish Hiligueinos (also spelled Yliguenes , Yligueynes , or Hiligueynos ), which is derived from the older demonym "Iligan" or "Iliganon", meaning "people of
5148-406: The range of 1,700 to 2,600 millimeters (67 to 102 in). Bukidnon is home to the largest concentration of watersheds in Mindanao. It is endowed with six major river systems, namely: Pulangi, Tagoloan, Cagayan, Manupali, Muleta, and Bobonawan rivers. These rivers and their tributaries carved the landscape of the province, creating numerous canyons into the plateau. The Pulangi River , considered
5226-556: The reformist newspaper La Solidaridad . Others were military leaders such as Martin Delgado , who became known to the Hiligaynon as "the greatest Visayan general of the Philippine Revolution." A later migration of Hiligaynon occurred in the 20th century to Mindanao in the 1940s under Manuel Roxas who was also Hiligaynon. Thousands migrated throughout the 1940s and 1950s as part of a resettlement movement sponsored by
5304-493: The residents of Guimaras, as well as residents in some parts of southern Iloilo. According to Spanish era tribute-censuses, Spanish-Filipinos compose 1% of the Ilongo/Hiligaynon people's population. The local economy of the Hiligaynon is mostly based on agriculture and fishing, as well as the production of woven cloths and crafts. A statue that celebrates the contributions of the Ilonggo in agriculture and fishing
5382-491: The ships used in the regatta, the paraw , are traditional sailboats that have long been used by the Hiligaynon. Competitors in the Paraw Regatta are local fishermen, who compete in a week-long competition at sea, accompanied by a festival on land. A prominent Hiligaynon profile exists in national and regional sports, notably in football . The popular national football team players Phil and James Younghusband have
5460-418: The socioeconomic development. Bukidnon became a part of Misamis in the latter part of 1850. The whole area was then called "Malaybalay" and the people were known as Bukidnons (highlanders or mountain dwellers). The Philippine Commission, then headed by Commissioner Dean C. Worcester , Secretary of Interior, proposed the separation of Bukidnon from Misamis Province. On August 20, 1907, Act No. 1693 created
5538-546: The use of the Hiligaynon-language Toto as a nickname by non-Hiligaynons). Many cultural festivals are organized, serving a purpose of cultural preservation and celebration against the "homogenizing of the Philippine culture." , while also serving well for local and national tourism. The Dinagyang festival is celebrated every fourth Sunday of January in Iloilo City. The festival name is derived from
5616-438: The weaving industry in Iloilo through adaptive local skills training and other investments. The hablon weaving industry has traditionally been dominated by skilled women working in weaving cooperatives, notably in the town of Miagao in Iloilo. Knowledge of weaving is passed down from mother to daughter. The daughters are expected to help their families in becoming involved with the trade as they get older. They produce hablon at
5694-879: The word dagyang meaning "merry-making". Modeled after Ati-atihan in Kalibo , Aklan , Dinagyang venerates the Santo Niño , and specifically commemorates the purchase of Panay Island from the Indigenous Ati by 10 fleeing Bornean datus (chiefs) . Arts festivals, such as the Ilonggo Arts Festival, have used contemporary media such as film and radio, in addition to public performances, and they have also sponsored engagement in dialogue over cultural preservation. The Iloilo Paraw Regatta, held each year in February, also has goals for cultural preservation:
5772-482: The workers (many native to Panay) who were part of the hacienda system, the "dumaan", became the underclass beneath the "sugar barons" of the haciendas, with a middle class existing between who maintained urban stores and banks. This class structure was to persist into the Commonwealth era and as the sugar industry shifted its focus from Panay to Negros following a labor strike in 1930–1931. The sugar industry in
5850-438: Was and continues to be used by farmers in the mountainous interior of central Panay, using bolo knives to cut trees and wooden dibbers to plant seeds. Hunting has also supplemented the farmers' livelihood but has decreased with the decline of the forests since the 1970s. Fishing has been pursued since before the arrival of the Spanish and has contributed to the native Hiligaynon cuisine and diet. Coastal towns in Iloilo have
5928-404: Was erected in Iloilo City. "Ang Linay Sang Iloilo" (The Lady of Iloilo) makes references to rice growing, sugarcane, and fishing, standing to emphasize the economic importance of Iloilo and the importance of the Ilonggo in general. Rice and sugarcane are significant agricultural products that are produced in great volume. Cultivation practices for rice and sugarcane were well established among
6006-588: Was followed by various groups from Luzon , namely, the Ilocanos , the Igorots and the Ivatans , many of whom were merchants and wealthy entrepreneurs. All contributed massive acculturation among the Indigenous tribes. Most of those who moved to the mountains and forest continued to hold on their ancestors' cultural heritage. The wide variety of Filipino groups now thrives in the province and contributed immensely in
6084-423: Was instrumental in introducing technological and financial resources to the existing sugar elites. Better sugarcane seeds were introduced from Sumatra, and Loney undertook the purchasing of centrifugal iron mills, as well as the provision of loans to planters. These, accompanied by the demand for sugar, helped to encourage the movement of the sugarcane planters to Negros, expanding the hacienda system to there. Many of
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