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72-502: San Andrés Cholula is a Pueblo Mágico listed with the name "Cholula (San Pedro y San Andrés)". There are both citywide and local festivals which are celebrated in San Andrés, which are the fabric of social and religious life. Citywide festivals are held in conjunction with San Pedro Cholula. These festivals are sponsored by a complicated rotation of share duties, carried out by "mayordomos" whose time and money brings them prestige in

144-420: A Christian , in the broadest sense of the word, because Christ is love and justice is love." López Obrador has held a variety of nicknames throughout his life, including El Molido , El Americano (The American), La Piedra (The Rock), El Comandante (The Commander), and the most popular among them is El Peje , named after the common Tabasco fish, the pejelagarto . A baseball fan, his favorite sportsteam

216-456: A left-wing populist , social democratic , and an economic nationalist , López Obrador has been a national politician for over three decades. During his presidency , he has promoted public investment in sectors that had been liberalized under previous administrations and has implemented several progressive social reforms. Supporters have praised him for promoting institutional renewal after decades of high inequality and corruption and refocusing

288-593: A UNESCO World Heritage Site; the other two were subsequently brought into compliance and reinstated as Pueblos Mágicos. Some governments have tried to eliminate the program for political reasons but because this model is a citizen-based program focusing on empowering communities, these efforts have been unsuccessful. According to statistics from INEGI, the Pueblo Mágico program has provided great economic value, and created jobs for its participating communities. The program has been recognised by several countries around

360-649: A blockade of 12 kilometers of Paseo de la Reforma , one of the city's most important roads, which houses several hotels, corporate headquarters, and the Mexico City Stock Market . Business groups said the blockades cost Mexico City businesses in the area millions of pesos in losses. On 5 August, the TEPJF met in a public session to decide the outcome of the complaints the PRD and its coalition partners had filed. The seven magistrates voted unanimously to order

432-699: A degree in political science and public administration after the presentation of his thesis, Proceso de formación del Estado Nacional en México 1821-1867 (Formation Process of the National State in Mexico 1821–1867). He lived in the Casa del Estudiante Tabasco during his college years on Violeta Street in the Guerrero neighborhood of Mexico City. The institution was financed by the administration of Tabasco governor Mario Trujillo García through efforts of

504-533: A feast day, the church is decorated with lamps and then fireworks are set off to announce the event. The next day, Las Mañanitas is sung to the image, there are a number of Masses and it is possible to receive a "visit" by the image of another saint from another neighborhood. During one of the Masses, a new mayordomo, or sponsor of the festival for the following year is chosen, an event which is usually attended by mayordomos from other neighborhoods. After this mass, food

576-508: A gunshot to the head. According to Jorge Zepeda Patterson's  [ es ] Los Suspirantes 2018 , José Ramón found a pistol, played with it, and it slipped out of his hands, firing a bullet into his head. The Tabasco newspapers Rumbo Nuevo , Diario de Tabasco , and Diario Presente presented a story where they were both playing around with the pistol and that Andrés Manuel fired it by accident. According to Zepeda Patterson, Andrés Manuel became "taciturn, much more thoughtful" following

648-432: A joint venture with billionaire businessman Carlos Slim Helú , a native of downtown Mexico City, to expropriate , restore, rebuild, and gentrify large parts of the area, creating shopping and residential areas for middle- and upper-income residents. López Obrador used fiscal policy to encourage private sector investment in housing. He granted construction firms tax breaks and liberalized zoning regulations, leading to

720-616: A manual recount of Sunday's extremely close vote." However, on 5 September 2006, the Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) ruled that the election was fair and that Calderón was the winner and would become president. In contesting the election, López Obrador and his coalition made several arguments: (a) that President Fox, the Consejo Coordinador Empresarial (CCE), a business interest group, and other organizations had illegally interfered in

792-688: A number of festivals as well. The Feria del Nopal ( Nopal Cactus Fair) in San Bernardino Tlaxcalanzingo celebrates the main crop grown in the municipality. It occurs during the first week of June. The Feria del Queso (Cheese) Fair) is held in Santa Maria Tonantzintla and in held in honor of the Virgin of the Conception. There is an exposition and sale of local cheeses at the main plaza of the municipality on

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864-576: A popular figure on the Mexican left. In 2004, his state immunity from prosecution was removed after he refused to cease construction on land allegedly expropriated by his predecessor, Rosario Robles . This legal process lasted a year, ending with López Obrador maintaining his right to run for office. López Obrador was nominated as the presidential candidate for the Coalition for the Good of All during

936-484: A recount of 11,839 ballot boxes in 155 districts (9.2% of the total) despite López Obrador's public demand for a total recount. The TEPJF based its decision for a partial recount on its finding that, despite publicly demanding a vote-by-vote general recount, López Obrador's party filed legal challenges for 71,000 polling stations (54%). Therefore, by law, the TEPJF found it could order a recount of only those 71,000 polling stations contested. The TEPJF ruled it could not order

1008-533: A time frame of at least three years. A long-term plan should be for 3 years to make sure the declaration is maintained, and that the town is working to improve conditions for tourists. The program should be updated every three years. VI. Rules and local regulations should be updated to have a touristic focus during the current administration of the Municipality. This is to support and protect visitors and people dedicated to tourism activities. VII. Evidence of

1080-450: A timely rescue effort. López Obrador's secretary of government, Alejandro Encinas , was criticized for declaring that the lynching should be understood as stemming from indigenous customary law ( usos y costumbres ). After a thorough investigation, López Obrador gave Ebrard a vote of confidence, despite a request from President Vicente Fox Quesada for him to be relieved of duty. Later, using his constitutional powers, Fox fired Ebrard. At

1152-589: A total of 83 towns and villages in all 31 states have been awarded the title or nomination of Pueblo Mágico . The program created pride, recognition for its local citizens, and a diversification strategy to promote culture and Mexican traditions. In late 2018, it was reported that the program would be canceled and would not continue for 2019 due to the lack of support of the president Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO). However, in February 2019, Humberto Hernández, Under-secretary of Development and Tourist Regulation in

1224-426: Is a very successful and prestigious program that provides benefits to local residents who benefit from the resulting economic activity bringing prosperity and various tangible and intangible benefits to their communities. Below is the list of sites that were enrolled in the program, but had their titles revoked for failure to meet standards during the re-evaluation or audit. One of them received enhanced recognition as

1296-499: Is offered to all in attendance. If the saint's day falls during the week, it is moved to the following Sunday. For major festivals, the parish church of San Andres is richly decorated in flowers, and there are sand paintings called carpets on the ground in Biblical designs. During the week long feast of Saint Andrew on 30 November, there is also folk ballet, musical performances and firework shows at night. The outlying communities have

1368-583: Is the St. Louis Cardinals . López Obrador was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2019 . On 24 January 2021, he announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19 . He joined the PRI in 1976 to support Carlos Pellicer 's campaign for a Senate seat for Tabasco. A year later, he headed the Indigenous People's Institute of Tabasco. In 1984, he relocated to Mexico City to work at

1440-564: The 2006 elections , where he was narrowly defeated by the National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón . While the Federal Electoral Tribunal noted some irregularities, it denied López Obrador's request for a general recount, which sparked protests nationwide. In 2011, he founded Morena , a civil association and later political party. He was a candidate for the Progressive Movement coalition in

1512-583: The 2012 elections , won by the Commitment to Mexico coalition candidate Enrique Peña Nieto . In 2012, he left the PRD after protesting the party's signing of the Pact for Mexico and joined Morena. As part of the Juntos Haremos Historia coalition, López Obrador was elected president after a landslide victory in the 2018 general election . Described as being center-left , progressive ,

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1584-678: The Attorney General 's Office asked Congress to strip López Obrador of his immunity under charges of a misdemeanor (ignoring a court order). The misdemeanor against López Obrador was his refusal to order the cessation of the construction of a private hospital on land expropriated by Rosario Robles (who preceded López Obrador as Head of Government of the Federal District under the Ernesto Zedillo government). Under federal law, any person with criminal charges during

1656-653: The Curitiba model, was built down Avenida Insurgentes , cutting through the city some 20 km from north to south. López Obrador's popularity diminished after the lynching of two federal law-enforcement officers performing an undercover investigation in Tláhuac in November 2004. The Mexico City Police rescued one agent, but the city's chief of police, Marcelo Ebrard , and federal Secretary of Public Safety , Ramón Martín Huerta , were both accused of not organizing

1728-498: The Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) published its final tally, which had him down by a margin of 0.58%, or approximately 243,000 votes. López Obrador then initiated legal actions, claiming election irregularities in 54% of polling stations, and demanded a "vote by vote" recount in all polling stations. The Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) discussed the case and eventually dismissed it. The IFE called for

1800-580: The Hugo Chávez government. Some left-wing politicians and analysts criticized López Obrador for including in his close staff many former members of the PRI who fought against his party in the 1980s and 1990s, such as Arturo Núñez (one of the authors of Fobaproa contingency fund ), Manuel Camacho Solís and Marcelo Ebrard . The guerrilla leader of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), Subcomandante Marcos , said López Obrador

1872-536: The Presidente Legitimo (Legitimate President), inaugurated him in a ceremony in the Zócalo and called for the creation of an alternative, parallel government. López Obrador announced his victory to his supporters on the night of the election, stating that exit polls declared he had won by 500,000 votes. He did not cite any polls at the time and later referenced Covarrubias and IMO. Several days later,

1944-408: The state congress ; state support is needed to assign resources, mainly for infrastructure. IV. Direct economic contribution towards touristic development in projects, action plans and programs. Each town must try to differentiate from other towns. The plans should relate to the unique features of the town and why it should be considered. V. An updated municipal touristic development program, with

2016-459: The CCE had interfered in the elections by campaigning for Felipe Calderón, which is against electoral laws. The TEPJF determined that it was unfeasible to accurately evaluate the influence this interference had on the election results but estimated the impact of Fox's interference as insignificant. Similarly, the tribunal stated that it could not gauge the importance of CCE's interference. Consequently,

2088-471: The Court ruled that both interferences could not be considered a sufficient judicial cause to annul the election. In response to fraud allegations, the Court stated there was insufficient evidence to annul the election. López Obrador and his coalition had alleged irregularities in many polling stations and requested a national recount. Ultimately, the TEPJF, in a unanimous vote, ordered a recount of about 9% of

2160-459: The Federal District, López Obrador became one of the country's most recognizable politicians. He left office with an 84% approval rating, according to an opinion poll by Consulta Mitofsky. According to an article by Reforma newspaper , he kept 80% of the promises he made as a candidate. In September 2005, the PRD nominated López Obrador as presidential pre-candidate for the 2006 general election . Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas declined to participate in

2232-517: The Mexican poet of the same name . During afternoons, he helped his parents at the La Posadita store. López Obrador began middle school in Macuspana but finished it in the state capital of Villahermosa , where his family moved in the mid-1960s and opened a clothes and shoe store called Novedades Andrés . On 8 June 1969, when he was 15 years old, his brother José Ramón López Obrador died from

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2304-467: The Mexico City government during his tenure as Head of Government of Mexico City . Together they have one son, Jesús Ernesto López Gutiérrez (born 2007). During his first presidential run, some news reports identified López Obrador as a Protestant ; in a television interview, he self-identified as Catholic . In March 2018, he declared, "When I am asked what religion I adhere to, I say that I am

2376-467: The Ministry of Tourism, said that the program would continue "more strongly than ever." Under the new decentralized strategy, while the tourism ministry will continue to handle qualification of prospective Pueblos Mágicos, its promotion, and branding of the program, state governors will handle the allocation of government funds to projects in the towns. A new class of 11 Pueblos Mágicos was inducted into

2448-742: The National Consumers' Institute, a federal government agency. López Obrador resigned from his position with the government of Tabasco in 1988 to join the new dissenting left wing of the PRI, then called the Democratic Current, led by Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas . This movement formed the National Democratic Front and later became the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). In 1994, he ran for

2520-406: The PRI's presidential candidate, hinted at the possibility of an alliance with López Obrador to prevent National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón from winning the election after both parties criticized president Vicente Fox for what they saw as illegal support by the federal government for Calderón. A PRD spokesperson said both parties entered an information-sharing agreement regarding

2592-575: The Remedies in Cholula ] (in Spanish). Puebla, Mexico: Media IV Impresion Visual. ISBN   978-970-94806-6-5 . Pueblos M%C3%A1gicos The Programa Pueblos Mágicos ( Spanish: [pweβloˈmaxiko] ; "Magical Towns Programme") is an initiative led by Mexico's Secretariat of Tourism , with support from other federal agencies, to promote a series of towns around

2664-504: The Spanish newspaper El País criticized López Obrador for what it characterized as "extreme" verbal insults toward Mexican government institutions and President Vicente Fox . On 6 July 2006, the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) announced the final vote count in the 2006 presidential election , resulting in a narrow margin of 0.56 percentage points (243,934 votes) of victory for his opponent, Felipe Calderón . López Obrador appealed

2736-455: The addition of books in indigenous languages and the project of the Chontal ridge. In 1989, he joined the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), becoming the party's 1994 candidate for Governor of Tabasco and national leader between 1996 and 1999. In 2000, he was elected Head of Government of Mexico City. During his tenure, his crime, infrastructure, and social spending policies made him

2808-453: The candidates to refrain from proclaiming themselves as the winner, president-elect, or president until the final resolution. Both candidates disobeyed this call. In an interview with U.S. Spanish-language TV network Univision , López Obrador referred to himself as "President of Mexico." López Obrador held several gatherings in downtown Mexico City, with hundreds of thousands attending. On 31 July, as an act of civil disobedience, he organized

2880-514: The community. The citywide events include Carnival , the Vaniloquio, when the bells of the city's churches ring in coordination) Holy Week, La Bajada, when the image of the Virgin of the Remedies comes down the pyramid to visit the various neighborhoods and the most important, the feast day of the Virgin of the Remedies on 8 September. There are events related to the last all over the city, but

2952-607: The construction of more condominiums and office buildings during his tenure than during any other period in Mexico City's history . New high-density condos emerged in the upscale neighborhoods of Polanco and Lomas de Chapultepec . To improve traffic flow on the city's two main inner-city roads, Periférico and Viaducto, he added sections of second stories to the Anillo Periférico . He renovated about 10% of those roads. The Metrobús , an express bus service based on

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3024-438: The country that have certain characteristics and traditions that make them unique, and historically significant, offering "magical" experiences to visitors. A "Magical Village" is a place with symbolism, legends, history, important events, festivals, traditions, great food, and enjoyable shopping, day-to-day life – in other words, "magic" in its social and cultural manifestations, with great opportunities for tourism. The programme

3096-423: The country that offer visitors "cultural richness, historical relevance, cuisine, art crafts, and great hospitality". It is intended to increase tourism to more localities, especially smaller towns in rural areas. The program promotes visiting small, rural towns, where visitors may see indigenous crafts, landscapes and other attractions. The Government created the 'Pueblos Mágicos' program to recognize places across

3168-569: The country's neoliberal consensus towards improving the state of the working class. Critics have claimed that he and his administration stumbled in their response to the COVID-19 pandemic and attempts to deal with drug cartels . He left office in September 2024, succeeded by Claudia Sheinbaum , and retired from electoral politics. López Obrador was born in Tepetitán , a small village in

3240-493: The decision made by Congress was widely unpopular, appeared on national television in April 2005, stating that the issue would not be pursued further. The controversy closed on a technicality, and López Obrador, despite the removal of immunity, was not prosecuted and thus remained eligible to participate in the 2006 presidential election . Weeks later, Attorney General Rafael Macedo de la Concha resigned. As Head of Government of

3312-398: The electoral process would not be eligible to run in a presidential election. A legal process begun in 2004 would likely have continued during the presidential campaigns of 2006, ending López Obrador's presidential run. Although his political opponents argued he should be subject to the same judicial process as anyone else, newspaper editorials throughout the world charged that the desafuero

3384-472: The equivalent of traveling three hours by land, from a city with a well-resourced market or good connectivity. The town's municipal and state authorities must request incorporation from the Secretariat of Tourism so that assessment visits can be arranged to evaluate the potential of the site. In addition, towns had to meet specific requirements in order to be considered. The criteria included some of

3456-488: The first new university in Mexico City in three decades, the Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México . López Obrador hired former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani to craft a zero-tolerance policy that would help reduce crime in Mexico City. He directed the restoration and modernization of Mexico City's historic downtown , which has 16th- and 17th-century buildings and many tourist spaces. He led

3528-1226: The first weekend of August. The neighborhoods' patron saints are celebrated on the following days: second Sunday in February in Santo Niño Macuila, 24 June in San Juan Aquiahuac, 29 June in San Pedro Colomoxco, 25 July in Santiago Xicotenco, 15 August in San Miguel Xochimihuacan and 8 December in San Andresito. Communities not within the city also have patron saints' day such as San Bernardino Tlaxcalancingo in July, San Luis Tehuiloyocan in August, San Antonio Cacalotepec in November, San Francisco Acatepec in October and San Rafael Comac in October. Cordero Vazquez, Donato (2000). Virgen de los Remedios en Cholula [ Virgin of

3600-414: The following: I. A formally constituted "Pueblo Mágico committee", citizens who represent the pueblo or local community. If the town is accepted into the program, they are responsible for maintaining the designation by working with the local citizens. Their job is to represent the residents of the town and their interests to make sure that the declaration will benefit all and by working together to maximise

3672-451: The governorship of Tabasco but lost to PRI candidate Roberto Madrazo . López Obrador gained national exposure as an advocate for the rights of indigenous people when, in 1996, he appeared on national TV drenched in blood following confrontations with police for blocking Pemex oil wells to defend the rights of local indigenous people impacted by pollution. He was president of the PRD from 2 August 1996 to 10 April 1999. On 2 July 2000, he

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3744-655: The incident. López Obrador finished high school and, at age 19, went to Mexico City to study at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). He studied political science and public administration at the UNAM from 1973 to 1976. He returned to school to complete his education after having held several positions within the government of Tabasco and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In 1987, he received

3816-612: The internal elections when polls showed López Obrador as the clear favorite. Until March 2006, polls showed him as the presidential frontrunner; however, his numbers had declined by late April. An article published by La Crónica de Hoy in March 2006 said that Mexican Bolivarian Circles and students, allegedly assisted by Venezuelan agents, distributed " Bolivarian propaganda in favor of Andrés Manuel López Obrador" throughout cities in Mexico and that such groups were given "economic support, logistics advice and ideological instruction" from

3888-588: The issue. This, combined with calls from high-ranking PRI member Manuel Bartlett (former Secretary of the Interior during the 1988 presidential election fraud) to vote for López Obrador, aroused media speculation that the PRI and the PRD would ally. On 28 May, after López Obrador discounted any such alliance because the PRI and PRD political tendencies could not be reconciled, Roberto Madrazo indicated that his comments were misunderstood and that he would not step down or endorse any other candidate. In 2006,

3960-473: The main focus is on the pyramid. Another annual event focused on the pyramid is the Quetzalcoatl Ritual, held each year on the spring equinox, with poetry, indigenous music and dance. Most local festivals in San Andrés focus on the various patron saints of the neighborhoods and outlying communities. Each has a church dedicated to its patron saint and some have more than one. The night before such

4032-513: The municipality of Macuspana , in the south-eastern state of Tabasco , López Obrador earned a degree in political science from the National Autonomous University of Mexico following a hiatus from his studies to participate in politics. He began his political career in 1976 as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). His first public position was as director of the Indigenous Institute of Tabasco, where he promoted

4104-425: The municipality of Macuspana , in the southern state of Tabasco , on 13 November 1953. He is the firstborn son of Andrés López Ramón (son of Lorenzo López and Beatriz Ramón) and Manuela Obrador González, Tabasco and Veracruz -based merchants. His younger siblings include José Ramón, José Ramiro, Pedro Arturo, Pío Lorenzo, and twins Candelaria Beatriz and Martín Jesús. His maternal grandfather José Obrador Revuelta

4176-435: The opportunities. This group has to be diverse, with no more than 15 people who are willing to contribute their work pro-bono. Group members should rotate periodically. II. A town council accord, which states an agreement to apply for admittance into the program. The local authorities have to support inclusion in the program, as their support is essential for success. This document affirms the formal support. III. Agreement of

4248-574: The poet Carlos Pellicer , with whom López Obrador began discussing. There was empathy between the two because the young man raised his concern for the Chontal Maya . After the meeting, the poet invited him to his senate campaign during the 1976 elections . His university professor, Enrique González Pedrero , was another figure that influenced López Obrador's political trajectory. After attending school from 1973 to 1976, he returned to his native Tabasco, where he held various government positions and

4320-413: The polling stations. The Supreme Court later ruled that the evidence presented did not demonstrate the occurrence of sufficient irregularities to change the election outcome. In response to this result, in a move reminiscent of Francisco I. Madero declaring himself provisional President of Mexico after calling the 1910 elections against Porfirio Díaz fraudulent, López Obrador's followers proclaimed him

4392-470: The presidential campaign, which is strictly prohibited by electoral law, thereby providing grounds for election annulment; that (b) that votes were fraudulently tallied on 2 July and afterward; and that (c) there was widespread and significant evidence of electoral irregularities, ranging from stuffed ballot boxes and inconsistent tally reports to improper and illegal handling of the ballot trail and voter intimidation. The Court did find that President Fox and

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4464-455: The program on 1 December 2020, bringing the total to 132. This included the reinstatement of Mexcaltitán, one of the original Pueblos Mágicos, after it lost the designation in 2009. As of August 1, 2023, there are 177 Pueblos Mágicos, located in each of the 31 Mexican states . The objectives of this program are: In order to qualify for the program, towns should have a population of at least 5000, and be located no more than 300 km, or

4536-427: The results, claiming widespread irregularities, and demanded an election recount. (A generalized recount is only to be carried in extreme circumstances, according to Mexican Electoral Tribunal Jurisprudence S3ELJ14-2004. ) On 8 July 2006, López Obrador called for nationwide protests to ask for a national recount, stating "the government would be responsible for any flare-up of anger after officials rejected his demand for

4608-580: The same time, Martín Huerta, a member of Fox's cabinet, received a reprimand and continued to hold office as Secretary of Public Safety until he died in a helicopter accident. López Obrador later appointed Ebrard as Secretary of Social Development and supported his candidacy in the PRD primaries to run for office as Head of Government of the Federal District in 2006 . Elected government officials in Mexico have an official immunity called fuero that prevents criminal charges from being brought against them, which can be removed through desafuero . In 2004,

4680-549: The symbolic attraction of the aspiring community, or what makes the town unique. VIII. Availability of health and public security services for tourists in case of an emergency. IX. Documentation of private and social investment in touristic development and quality, including hotel rooms, restaurants, tours, museums, activities, etc. X. Other elements that the committee considers relevant for touristic activity. Mexico has more than 2500 municipalities; hundreds apply annually to this program with very few of them being selected. This

4752-491: The world, as a role model domestically and internationally. Andr%C3%A9s Manuel L%C3%B3pez Obrador [REDACTED] Andrés Manuel López Obrador ( Spanish: [anˈdɾes maˈnwel ˈlopes oβɾaˈðoɾ] ; born 13 November 1953), also known by his initials AMLO , is a Mexican politician who served as the 65th president of Mexico from 2018 to 2024. He previously served as Head of Government of Mexico City from 2000 to 2005. Born in Tepetitán , in

4824-546: Was a Cantabrian who arrived as an exile in Mexico from Ampuero , Spain , while his maternal grandmother Úrsula González was the daughter of Asturians . Through his paternal grandparents, López Obrador is also of Indigenous and African descent. López Obrador attended the only elementary school in town, the Marcos E. Becerra school, managed by the Seventh-day Adventist Church and named after

4896-454: Was a false left-wing candidate, arguing that he was a centrist candidate. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas did not participate in campaign events but stated that he would still vote for his party, the PRD. López Obrador's proposals, including his 50 commitments , produced mixed opinions from analysts. The Washington Post wrote that López Obrador used U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as inspiration for his proposals. On 19 May, Roberto Madrazo ,

4968-692: Was a professor at the Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco . During his early career, he met Rocío Beltrán Medina, a sociology student, who suggested López Obrador embrace the progressive wing of the PRI. They eventually married on 8 April 1978. They had three sons: José Ramón López Beltrán (born 1981), Andrés Manuel López Beltrán (born 1986), and Gonzalo Alfonso López Beltrán (born 1991). Beltrán Medina died on 12 January 2003 due to respiratory arrest caused by lupus , which she had suffered for several years. On 16 October 2006, he married Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller , who had worked in

5040-502: Was elected Head of Government of the Federal District , a position akin to that of city mayor for the national capital district , with 38.3% of the vote. As mayor, López Obrador implemented various social programs that included extending financial assistance to help vulnerable groups in Mexico City, including single mothers, senior citizens, and the physically and mentally challenged. He invested in housing and schools, created old-age pensions, and expanded services. He also helped found

5112-433: Was launched in 2001. After 9 years and 32 towns having been selected, it was improved and relaunched in 2010. The government added resources to support local efforts and made it a priority under Secretary Guevara. Every town was assigned a budget to continue improving its infrastructure, image, product offering, and experience, while making sure they were maintaining their traditions and their festivals were promoted. By 2012,

5184-418: Was politically motivated (including The New York Times and The Washington Post ), that it undermined Mexican democracy, and that López Obrador's exclusion from the upcoming elections would delegitimize the eventual winner. After Congress voted to remove López Obrador's immunity, he asked for leave from his post for a few days. President Vicente Fox , wanting to avoid a political crisis and knowing that

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