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118-529: Pearlman was born in the Rockaway neighborhood of Queens, New York , the son of pharmacy operator Hyman Pearlman. He received a Bachelor of Arts from Stony Brook University in 1966, where he had been student president. He was awarded a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship in the History of Ideas, and completed graduate work at Brandeis University . He was also a New School Fellow in sociology and anthropology . As

236-401: A "full-service, free standing label". Craig Lambert, previously the vice president of the label, was named as the interim head of MCA, with a successor expected to be chosen within a few months. Following Boberg's resignation, it was rumoured that MCA could possibly be merged into Universal Records , something which would have given the latter, New York City–based label a stronger presence in

354-628: A beachfront community with inexpensive summer bungalows, and hotels of varying levels of expense and luxury as well as amusements and boardwalk concessions, and it also attracted a year-round residential community. One grandiose plan for the community included a canal running through the neighborhood, reminiscent of the Amstel canal in Amsterdam , the Netherlands . The canal was never built; its right-of-way became Amstel Boulevard, which, except for

472-482: A city police officer who were fired from their jobs after their participation came to light. They sued the city for wrongful termination, and their claims were upheld in federal district court in 2003. Residents expressed support for and relief at the ruling, hoping that an end to the court battle would help to rehabilitate the image of the town. The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed

590-495: A course on Digital Media Distribution. Additionally, he was a visiting lecturer at Harvard University , Stanford University , University of California, Berkeley , University of California, Santa Cruz , and an invited speaker at the Mill Valley Film Festival , Future of Music Coalition , Canadian Music Week and SxSW Festivals. As a Professor and as a public speaker, Pearlman lectured on the architecture of

708-940: A format persisting today with the Lollapalooza Festival , the Lilith Fair and related tour packages. In 1983, Pearlman leased Studio C in San Francisco's The Automatt Studios from studio owner David Rubinson and dubbed it Time Enough World Enough Studios. After The Automatt closed in 1984, he leased Studio C at Hyde Street Studios from studio owner Dan Alexander. Pearlman ran a recording operation in Studio C as Alpha & Omega Studio from 1986 until 1991. He also used it for his own projects, including those on his short-lived MCA-distributed label Popular Metaphysics , and he also sub-leased it to other producers and artists. In 1989 he took over as president of

826-535: A huge surplus of unprofitable records sitting unsold in MCA warehouses. A number of MCA associates, including Azoff and Zappa, disparaged the company in this way. Starting in 1984, William Knoedelseder wrote a series of articles for the Los Angeles Times about the connections between organized crime and MCA. Knoedelseder told the story of mobster Sal Pisello and the corrupt deals he arranged with MCA for

944-442: A listing that read as follows: "*SANDY PEARLMAN, INC., 245 Hyde St., San Francisco CA 94102. (415)885-4999. A&R Director: Natasha V. Record producer, record company (Popular Metaphysics, formerly 415), recording studio (Alpha & Omega Recording, Hyde Street Studios)." In the late 1990s, Pearlman served as the founding vice-president of e-music .com, a subscription store for download-to-own online music and audiobooks that

1062-749: A lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.6% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 6 murders, 26 rapes, 151 robberies, 301 felony assaults, 98 burglaries, 250 grand larcenies, and 31 grand larcenies' auto in 2018. Rockaway is served by these New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations: As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in Rockaway than in other places citywide. In Rockaway, there were 113 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 20.9 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Rockaway has

1180-462: A new U.S. subsidiary, London Records . During this time, American Decca issued records outside North America on the Coral Records and Brunswick Records labels. In 1962, MCA, a talent agency and television production company, entered the recorded music business with the acquisition of American Decca, which became a wholly-owned subsidiary. As American Decca owned Universal Pictures , MCA

1298-428: A new logo that featured the parent company's former full name, Music Corporation of America. That many younger people had been unaware of what MCA had stood for in the past inspired the new logo. In conjunction with the new logo, the first MCA Records website was launched. In 1998, MCA released the sophomore album Feeling Strangely Fine by Semisonic , which had the number one hit single and video, " Closing Time ", about

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1416-613: A noteworthy MCA artist in Canada with her debut album in 1991. After her second album in 1992 she was dropped following disagreements in artistic direction. However, the company kept her on their song publishing roster, both being owned by Universal Music. Morissette's next album, Jagged Little Pill (written and produced independently, but released through Warner Music 's Maverick Records label) eventually sold more than 30 million copies. In 1995, drinks conglomerate Seagram Company Ltd. acquired 80% of MCA. In November of that year, Teller

1534-641: A partition lawsuit. Several wealthy New Yorkers created the Rockaway Association, which brought many of the lots and started developing resorts in the area in 1833. Rockaway became a popular area for seaside hotels starting in the 1830s, with the first resort being founded at Far Rockaway in 1835. In the 19th century, people traveled to the Rockaways by horse-drawn carriages or on horseback. A ferry powered by steam sailed from Lower Manhattan to Brooklyn . The peninsula's popularity grew in

1652-624: A place for "male bonding" and to "scuba dive for sunken ships" via Sheepshead Bay's Jeanne II docks at Pier Five. Today, the area still draws crowds during the summer with well-tended beaches. Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden are situated towards the western end of the peninsula, and are part of the Gateway National Recreational Area , which was created in 1972 as one of the first urban national parks. The 5.5 miles (8.9 km) long Rockaway Boardwalk and 170 acres (0.69 km ) of sandy beaches, fully accessible by

1770-489: A plain black and white label. Immediately following this, the American MCA label used a black with curved rainbow design until the late 1970s. This design was directly inspired by the U.S. Decca label of the 1960s. In December 1972, Neil Diamond , another Uni artist, reached superstar status with his first MCA release, the live multi-platinum Hot August Night . Elton John's double album Goodbye Yellow Brick Road

1888-586: A problem and early in 1904, the Captain of the NYPD , Louis Kreuscher, issued rules for those using the beach, censoring the bathing suits to be worn, where photographs could be taken, and specifying that women in bathing suits were not allowed to leave the beachfront. The park was grand for its time. One of its most popular attractions, the Atom Smasher roller coaster, would be featured at the beginning of This

2006-469: A relatively average population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 11%, which is slightly lower than the citywide rate of 12%. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Rockaway is 0.006 milligrams per cubic metre (6.0 × 10  oz/cu ft), the lowest of any neighborhood in the city. Sixteen percent of Rockaway residents are smokers , which

2124-600: A rezoning plan that limits the size of some buildings was approved by the New York City Council for five communities on the peninsula covering 280 blocks. The communities that were included are Rockaway Park , Rockaway Beach , Somerville , Edgemere , and Far Rockaway . With more and more people moving to the city, the Rockaways become a destination for adventurous day trippers. The area appears in New York Magazine 's 2007 spring travel issue as

2242-552: A satirical "WARNING/GUARANTEE" sticker of his own. Thing-Fish was released with Zappa's sticker in December 1984 under a new agreement with Capitol / EMI . Despite the conflict with Zappa, MCA later became the biggest label to oppose the PMRC and the use of warning stickers. In October 1985, Azoff said "Never will you find a sticker on one of our records." In the 1980s, MCA became commonly nicknamed "Music Cemetery of America" due to

2360-462: A short time, but were retired in favor of the MCA label in 1973. " Drift Away " by Dobie Gray became the final Decca pop label release in the U.S. in 1973. Beginning the same year, the catalogs of Decca, Uni and Kapp were reissued in the U.S. on the MCA label under the supervision of veteran Decca producer Milt Gabler . The first MCA Records release in the U.S. was former Uni artist Elton John 's " Crocodile Rock " single in 1972, which appeared on

2478-486: A song about their relationship with the label called, "Workin' for MCA". Street Survivors was released in October 1977, just prior to a tragic plane crash in which members of the group were either killed or severely injured. The original Street Survivors cover had a picture of the band members surrounded by flames, but this was quickly substituted for a design without flames. Lynyrd Skynyrd's streak of hits ended after

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2596-666: A stub west of Beach 71st Street, was later incorporated into Beach Channel Drive . The first transatlantic flight departed from Neponsit on the Rockaway Peninsula. On May 8, 1919, four United States Navy Curtis-model seaplanes took off from what is now Beach Channel Drive to Newfoundland, Canada , the Azores Islands , and Lisbon , Portugal . Finally, on May 31, 1919, one of the planes, piloted by Lt. Commander Albert C. Read, arrived in Plymouth, England . In

2714-479: A sub-label for releasing heavy metal music . Bands signed to Mechanic included Voivod , Dream Theater , Bang Tango , and Trixter . MCA created a new holding company in 1989 called MCA Music Entertainment Group, headed by Al Teller, former President of United Artists Records, and co-chairman of Turf Classics, a concert production company, run by Producer Richard Flanzer. The same year the MCA Inc. parent company

2832-802: A third of their personnel, although no employees from Geffen were let go. Geffen's president, Jordan Schur , was named president of the newly merged entity, which continued under the Geffen branding. In the subsequent months, the MCA name was phased out entirely. The last album to be released under the MCA Records branding was Twisted Method 's Escape from Cape Coma , which was released on July 15, 2003. Today Interscope Capitol Labels Group and Universal Music Enterprises manage MCA's rock, pop, and urban back catalogues (including those from ABC Records and Famous Music Group) in conjunction with Geffen – UME and Geffen have re-released various albums from MCA in

2950-432: A university student, Pearlman wrote a series of poems called Imaginos , whose characters and lyrics would feature in his later career. In 1967, Pearlman hand-picked musicians for a rock band to perform the lyrics that he was writing, based on his Imaginos poems. He dubbed the band "Soft White Underbelly" (from a World War II speech by Winston Churchill ) and later changed their name to " Blue Öyster Cult ". He managed

3068-402: Is 53% in Rockaway, slightly higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Rockaway is considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . Rockaway is patrolled by two precincts of the NYPD . The 101st Precinct is located at 16-12 Mott Avenue and serves Far Rockaway, while the 100th Precinct

3186-405: Is Cinerama , a pre- IMAX type movie, in 1952. An Olympic-size swimming pool and a million-dollar midway also were built within the amusement park; they would serve the community for more than 80 years. It was a popular place for New York families until 1985, when insurance costs and competition from major regional parks made it impossible to continue operations. Arverne became well known as

3304-503: Is a 200-acre (0.81 km ) beach that is also a wildlife breeding area. MCA Records MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc. established in 1972, though MCA had released recordings under that name in the UK from the 1960s. The label achieved success in the 1970s through the 1980s, often by acquiring other record labels, from ABC to Motown to Geffen . MCA Inc. became Universal Studios, Inc., in 1996, and

3422-747: Is estimated to be 124,185. All ZIP Codes in Rockaway begin with the three digits 116 and the central post office is in Far Rockaway . The name "Rockaway" may have meant "place of sands" in the Munsee language of the Native American Lenape who occupied this area at the time of European contact in the early 17th century. Other spellings include Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, Rechquaakie and Reckowacky, transliterated in Dutch and English by early colonists. The indigenous inhabitants of

3540-464: Is greater than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 824 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole. The 100th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.5% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 5 rapes, 38 robberies, 93 felony assaults, 59 burglaries, 161 grand larcenies, and 17 grand larcenies' auto in 2018. The 101st Precinct also has

3658-540: Is headquartered in New York City and now owned by Dimensional Associates. eMusic was one of the first sites to sell music in the MP3 format, beginning in 1998. As of September 2008, eMusic had over 400,000 subscribers. He also served as vice-president of media development for MoodLogic .com, the first on-line music recommendation engine, from 2000 to 2003. In 2009, Sandy Pearlman was appointed as an at-large member of

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3776-684: Is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 75% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", slightly lower than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Rockaway, there are 8 bodegas . The only large hospital on the Rockaway Peninsula is St. John's Episcopal Hospital South Shore . Rockaway is covered by multiple ZIP Codes . From west to east, they are 11697 (Breezy Point), 11694 (Rockaway Park), 11693 (Broad Channel), 11692 (Arverne), and 11691 (Far Rockaway). The United States Post Office operates four locations in Rockaway: The western portion of

3894-459: Is listed as No. 405. In 1966, he was introduced to the founder of Crawdaddy! magazine, Paul Williams , by Playboy political analyst Michael Horowitz; by 1967 Pearlman had become one of the original rock music critics of the magazine along with Williams, Jon Landau and Richard Meltzer , with Horowitz later penning a cover profile of Jim Morrison for Crawdaddy! in April 1969. Pearlman

4012-469: Is located at 92-24 Rockaway Beach Boulevard and serves the rest of the peninsula. The 100th and 101st Precincts collectively ranked 10th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. However, the low-income and densely populated 101st Precinct has significantly more crime than the 100th Precinct, which is high-income and more insular. As of 2018 , with a non-fatal assault rate of 71 per 100,000 people, Rockaway's rate of violent crimes per capita

4130-412: Is slightly higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Rockaway, 32% of residents are obese , 15% are diabetic , and 34% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 20%, 14%, and 24% respectively. In addition, 23% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Eighty-nine percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which

4248-636: The 2010 United States Census , the population of the Rockaways, including Broad Channel, was 114,961, a change of 8,261 (7.2%) from the 106,700 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 4,758.96 acres (1,925.88 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 24.2 inhabitants per acre (15,500/sq mi; 6,000/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 35.2% (40,446) White , 38.9% (44,663) African American , 0.3% (309) Native American , 2.2% (2,555) Asian , 0.1% (63) Pacific Islander , 0.8% (877) from other races , and 1.7% (1,950) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21% (24,098) of

4366-586: The Backstreet Records label, which was distributed by MCA. ABC Records' independent distributors sued ABC and MCA for $ 1.3 million in damages for being stuck with unsold ABC recordings they could not return to MCA. The better selling ABC Records catalog albums were reissued on the MCA label. MCA distribution in Europe and Asia moved to CBS in 1979, while releases in the 1980s were self-distributed, or through WEA . Distribution moved to BMG during

4484-591: The Dominican community in Washington Heights, Manhattan . A temporary memorial was developed at the actual site of the disaster, on Newport Avenue. But after consultation with the families in the Belle Harbor and Washington Heights communities, a public memorial was erected at the south end of Beach 116th Street, a major shopping district and transportation hub in the area. Ceremonies commemorating

4602-580: The Far Rockaway subway station , and the Far Rockaway LIRR station , got its first new store in decades. Phase I of construction was completed in 2011; Phase II was begun in 2006. Elsewhere, along the beach, zoning laws written decades ago for the hotel trade have allowed developers to build high-rises alongside the smaller old and new houses. In response, some communities have approved rezoning plans for their neighborhoods to stop "out of character" development. Opponents also contend that due to

4720-807: The National Recording Preservation Board (NRPB) of the Library of Congress . Pearlman was the Schulich Distinguished Chair of music at McGill University in Montreal , specializing in the programs in music theory , sound recording and music technology; he later served as Centenary Fellow at the McLuhan Center for Culture and Technology at the University of Toronto , where he co-taught

4838-576: The Rockaway Beach LIRR branch to the Rockaway subway line also brought an increase to Rockaway's permanent residents. Robert Caro , who wrote The Power Broker : Robert Moses and the Fall of New York , stated "Why did the Rockaways end up with so much government-financed housing? Largely because Robert Moses wanted it there." Although the bridges were intended to improve the Rockaways, Moses' other projects both directly and indirectly hurt

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4956-649: The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001, including people who worked there and New York City Fire Department firefighters and EMS personnel dispatched to the location. The city later opened Tribute Park on Jamaica Bay north of the Beach 116th Street shopping area in Rockaway Park , dedicating it to their memory. In the center of the park is a piece of twisted steel from the ruins of

5074-458: The State of New York and by 1908 began participating in its first interclub ocean races with some of the city's other yacht clubs. A new street system, based on numbered streets with the prefix "Beach", was laid out for the Rockaways in 1912 to help development. The central-peninsula neighborhood of Hammels , along with the eastern communities of Arverne and Far Rockaway , tried to secede from

5192-526: The Village of Rockaway Beach . Rockaway split from the Town of Hempstead and along with the three western Queens townships of Jamaica , Flushing and Newtown plus Long Island City , formed the new borough of Queens, which was consolidated into Greater New York City in 1898 (the remainder of Hempstead Town, plus the two other eastern Queens townships of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay did not become part of

5310-576: The West Coast of the United States. On May 20, 2003, insider sources at Universal reporting to Billboard revealed that the MCA label was to be absorbed by sister UMG label Geffen Records by the end of the year. The reported reason behind the MCA brand phaseout was due to declining sales, as well as the MCA brand becoming "tarnished" by "a history of acquisitions and mergers". On June 9, 2003, MCA laid off 75 of their staff, equivalent to

5428-558: The alternative record company 415 Records and established a production and distribution deal for the label with MCA Records , before purchasing the company and changing the label's name to Popular Metaphysics . The label was short lived, but it signed a few solid acts and released their records on the MCA label, including Love Club (1990), Manitoba's Wild Kingdom (1990), and World Entertainment War (1991). The 1991 edition of Mark Garvey's Songwriters' Market , published in 1990, carried

5546-557: The "Hunter Thompson of rock, a gonzo producer of searing intellect and vast vision.", in the Billboard Producer Directory. Pearlman also worked as a full-time artist manager, managing the careers of Blue Öyster Cult, Black Sabbath (1979–1983), Romeo Void , The Dictators , Shakin' Street , Aldo Nova and others. In the 1980s, he pioneered the mega-tour stadium format of several bands traveling together, sharing promotional costs and production and travel costs,

5664-486: The 1880s with the construction of the Long Island Rail Road 's Rockaway Beach Branch to Long Island City and Flatbush Terminal (now Atlantic Terminal ), which facilitated population growth. In 1878, the eastern community of Bayswater was laid out. One of Bayswater's early developers was William Trist Bailey , who had purchased the property. In 1893, much of Hog Island , a small sandbar island off

5782-584: The 1930s, Robert Moses came to power as New York City's Parks Commissioner and his extensive road and transportation projects were both a benefit and a disaster for the neighborhood. As commissioner, Moses ordered the construction of the Marine Parkway Bridge and the Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge . The bridges were completed in 1937 and 1939 respectively. The Marine Parkway Bridge was built farther west on

5900-711: The 1990s. The combined effects of the Infinity Records failure, the purchase of ABC, rising vinyl costs and a major slump in record sales produced tremendous losses for the company between 1979 and 1982. It was not until the mid-1980s that the record labels returned to significant profitability. In late 1980, MCA received negative publicity when it attempted to raise the list price of new releases by top selling artists from $ 8.98 to $ 9.98 ($ 33.21 and $ 36.91 in 2023 dollars respectively). This policy, known as "superstar pricing", ultimately failed. The Xanadu soundtrack album and Gaucho , by former ABC act Steely Dan , were

6018-496: The 2010s, it became one of the city's most quickly gentrifying areas. The peninsula is divided into nine neighborhoods or sections, with Riis Park in between two of such sections. From east to west, they are: The peninsula is part of Queens Community District 14 and is patrolled by the 100th and 101st Precincts of the New York City Police Department . As of 2020, the peninsula's total population

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6136-538: The Cross Bay Bridge. Many feared that such an extensive project would do more harm to the peninsula than good and pointed to the community displacement that had happened in the South Bronx because of Moses' roadway construction Even though Moses never got to make his highway, he did leave his mark. A piece of the planned parkway that ran west to east in the Rockaway Park and Rockaway Beach neighborhoods

6254-555: The MCA record label was folded into Universal Music Group 's Geffen Records in 2003, but Universal's MCA Nashville continues to use the moniker. The U.S. arm of Britain's Decca Records was established in New York in 1934 In 1937, the owner of Decca, Edward R. Lewis , chose to split off the UK Decca company from the U.S. company (keeping his U.S. Decca holdings), fearing the financial damage that would arise for UK Companies if

6372-572: The Mohawk River valley in central New York, north and west of the Hudson River and Long Island. Other interpretations of the peninsula's indigenous name have also been proposed. One possible interpretation is "Reckonwacky", which translates to "the place of our own people", while another is "Reckanawahaha", which translates to "the place of laughing waters". Other phrases, such as "lekau" (sand) "lechauwaak" (fork or branch), also referred to

6490-583: The Rockaway Peninsula is located within the Gateway National Recreation Area . The National Park Service operates three sites as part of the area. Jacob Riis Park is located near the western end of the peninsula, covering approximately 262 acres (106 ha) west of Beach 149th Street in Neponsit. Fort Tilden , a group of historic military installations, is located west of Jacob Riis Park. The final part, Breezy Point Tip,

6608-596: The Rockaway neighborhood of Edgemere . In 1905, before Lancaster acquired the land, a group of men wishing to form a yacht club entered into a grant agreement with the West Rockaway Land Company. The group, which had named itself the Belle Harbor Yacht Club, bought property from the company for $ 4,000. The agreement included 200 square feet of land and thirty plots of upland. That same year, the group received corporation status from

6726-667: The Rockaways to the Dutch West India Company . In 1664, the English defeated the Dutch colony and took over their lands in present-day New York. In 1685, the band chief, Tackapoucha , and the English governor of the province agreed to sell the Rockaways to a Captain Palmer for 31 pounds sterling. The Rockaway Peninsula was originally designated as part of the Town of Hempstead , then a part of Queens County. Palmer and

6844-501: The Rockaways were the Canarsie Native Americans, a band of Lenape , whose name was associated with the geography. The name Reckowacky was used to distinguish the Rockaway village from other Mohegan villages; "Reckowacky" means "lonely place", or "place of waters bright". This area was mistakenly documented as occupied by a band of Mohawk people in a 1934 source; this Iroquoian-speaking tribe primarily occupied

6962-470: The Rockaways. In October 2012, Rockaway was devastated by Hurricane Sandy . Many homes, especially in Breezy Point, were damaged or destroyed by high water, or by fires that raged beyond the capability of first responders to contain them. Residents lost everything in their basements, and hundreds of vehicles were ruined. One car caught fire when someone tried to start their vehicle, but residents put

7080-465: The Town of Hempstead disputed over who owned Rockaway, so in 1687 he sold the land to Richard Cornell , an iron master from Flushing . Cornell and his family lived on a homestead on what is now Central Avenue, near the shore of the Atlantic Ocean . At his death, Cornell was buried in a small family cemetery, Cornell Cemetery . The Cornell property was split into 46 lots in 1808 following

7198-567: The advent of inexpensive travel, air-conditioning, John F. Kennedy International Airport , and the Interstate Highway system, Rockaway lost its luster as a recreation area, and development transformed much of it into residential communities. In 1960, Breezy Point was sold to the Atlantic Improvement State Corporation for $ 17 million; the residents of the 3,500-home community purchased half of

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7316-535: The album and refused to let MCA Distributing Inc. handle it, stating that it was "an anti-parent record". The members of Black Flag found themselves covering the MCA Distributing logo on the first 25,000 copies with a sticker reading "As a parent... I found it an anti-parent record." SST Records partner Joe Carducci later said that Bergman's comments were actually a red herring for MCA to cut ties with Unicorn, which had not produced any successful releases;

7434-603: The area was greatly hampered by flooding. It destroyed 126 homes and damaged 22 more. Thousands of other houses were damaged by the flooding. Fires also wreaked havoc along several blocks of Beach 130th Street in Belle Harbor, and among storefronts along Rockaway Beach Blvd. near Beach 114th Street in Rockaway Park. Large portions of the Rockaway Boardwalk were swept away by the floodwaters, leaving only its supporting piers. The FDNY found 130 homes burned to

7552-666: The area's geography. In September 1609, Henry Hudson and his crew were the first Europeans recorded as seeing the area of the Rockaways and Jamaica Bay . Hudson was attempting to find the Northwest Passage . On September 11, Hudson sailed into the Upper New York Bay , and the following day began a journey up what is now called the Hudson River in his honor. By 1639, the Mohegan tribe sold most of

7670-451: The attractions on the Rockaway Peninsula in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. On August 24, 1893, an intense storm, later classified as a hurricane , destroyed Hog Island , a mile-long island off the Rockaway coast that supported bath houses, restaurants and other leisure-time venues. On January 3, 1914, a violent storm devastated the peninsula, and swept the 1,200-seat Arverne Pier Theater away to sea. On June 15, 1922, much of Arverne

7788-525: The band (with Murray Krugman ) from 1967 to 1995, and produced or co-produced 7 of their studio albums, and 4 of their live albums. Significantly, Pearlman was co-producer, with David Lucas and Murray Krugman, of BÖC's " (Don't Fear) The Reaper " in 1976. The song reached No. 12 on the Top 40 charts and has remained an FM radio staple since. On the Rolling Stone list of top 500 songs of all time, it

7906-552: The beach. The peninsula was dubbed " Williamsburg on the Rockaways" because some surfers from there began to spend whole summers out in the Rockaways. A number of businesses that cater to them have become popular among these down for the day tourists. There is even a summer shuttle bus which transports people from Williamsburg to the Rockaways. In February 2016, the Rockaway Peninsula was one of four neighborhoods featured in an article in The New York Times about "New York's Next Hot Neighborhoods". Storms and fires damaged many of

8024-485: The borough and ultimately split from Queens with the formation of neighboring Nassau County in 1899). The village of Rockaway Park became incorporated into the City of Greater New York on January 1, 1898. In the early 1900s, a new railroad station opened up the community and the rest of the peninsula to a broad range of the population. The wealthy no longer had a monopoly on the peninsula, and various amusement parks, stores, and resort hotels attracted people from all over

8142-410: The city constructed the Hammel Houses in Rockaway Beach , one of the many urban renewal efforts that dominated the community and much of its eastern neighbors in the last half of the 20th century. The New York City Housing Authority purchased the land in 1952 on the north side of the elevated track. In 1964, the Authority decided to demolish and rebuild the entire area and turn it into a park. With

8260-438: The city several times, complaining that consolidation had brought high taxes and poor services. In 1915 and 1917, a bill approving the secession passed in the legislature but was vetoed by then-Mayor John Purroy Mitchel . Rockaway's famous amusement park, Rockaways' Playland , was built in 1901 and quickly became a major attraction for people around the region. With its growing popularity, concern over swimming etiquette became

8378-453: The city to spend a day or a whole summer there. Much of the area was developed by James S. Remsen and William Wainwright . In this era, it became known as "New York's Playground". Around this time, Breezy Point in the Rockaways began as a neighborhood of summer beach bungalows ; this kind of house became the most popular type of housing during the summer months. Even today, some of these remain, converted to provide modern amenities, although

8496-433: The coast of Far Rockaway washed away in a hurricane. The remainder of the island eroded by 1902. Plates, along with older artifacts, still wash up along the shore of Rockaway Beach. The Rockaway Peninsula was originally part of the Town of Hempstead , then a part of Queens County. In 1897, the central peninsular towns of Hammels (named after a local landowner, Louis Hammels) and Hollands merged, and were incorporated as

8614-721: The community. One such failed project was the planned construction of the Shore Front Parkway in the 1950s and 1960s. Wanting to connect Staten Island to the Hamptons , Moses focused on making a highway through the Rockaway Peninsula. His idea was to connect the Marine Parkway Bridge with the Atlantic Beach Bridge , which connected the Rockaway Peninsula to Nassau County . The plan would also provide an extension midway through to include

8732-702: The company from bankruptcy. In 1983, rock musician Frank Zappa negotiated a distribution agreement for his Barking Pumpkin label with MCA. As the records were being manufactured, a woman in the quality control department objected to the lyrics of Zappa's album Thing-Fish . After this MCA cancelled the Zappa contract. At about the same time, Zappa publicly argued with members of the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) over censorship and warning stickers for albums with potentially offensive content. The experience with MCA prompted Zappa to create

8850-484: The crash. Eventually, three Lynyrd Skynyrd albums reached the double platinum sales level and at least two others reached platinum or gold levels. During the 1970s and 1980s, MCA profited from reissuing classic early rock and roll recordings made by artists who recorded for the numerous labels absorbed by MCA. One notable example was the 1954 Decca recording " Rock Around the Clock " by Bill Haley & His Comets , which

8968-506: The designation of a 302-acre (122 ha) Arverne renewal area in 1964. However, for thirty years, the area went mostly undeveloped. In 1998, Broad Channel's Labor Day parade included a float that parodied the racially motivated dragging death of an African American man, James Byrd Jr. Entitled "Black to the Future - Broad Channel in 2098", the float carried white men wearing blackface and Afro wigs, including two city firefighters and

9086-404: The disaster are held at the memorial every November 12, including a reading of the names of all of those killed in the crash. In 2001, a resident told The Guardian : "It's impossible to understand unless you live here ... Father Michael Geraghty, a priest quoted in the same article, said that it was common for people to live in the houses that their parents lived in and that many families lived in

9204-645: The earliest UK MCA Records material was released in the U.S. on either Kapp or Decca. MCA UK also issued American Brunswick material on the MCA label until 1972, two years after MCA lost control of Brunswick, after which American Brunswick material was issued in the UK on the revived Brunswick label. Uni label material was issued on the Uni label worldwide. In 1970, MCA reorganized its Canadian record company Compo Company Ltd. into MCA Records (Canada). In April 1970, former Warner Records president Mike Maitland joined MCA and initially served as Decca's general manager. Maitland

9322-513: The emerging hostilities of Nazi Germany should lead to war – correctly foreseeing World War II . Lewis sold the remainder of his American Decca holdings when war did break out. U.S.-based Decca Records kept the rights to the Decca name in North and South America and parts of Asia including Japan. UK Decca owned the rights to the Decca name in the rest of the world. After the war, British Decca formed

9440-546: The fact that MCA would, not soon afterward, directly commission a new recording of "TV Party" from Black Flag and SST Records for the Repo Man soundtrack seemed to bear this out. Unicorn would later go out of business after going bankrupt, partially the result of a lawsuit between themselves and Black Flag. Irving Azoff became the head of MCA Records in 1983. Azoff is known as an experienced music industry veteran who received credit amongst MCA management and staff for saving

9558-516: The fire out before official help arrived. On August 4, 2013, Senator Charles Schumer announced that the first phase of reconstruction on the beach, completed, would lay the groundwork for a second contract awarded later during the summer of 2013, totally paid for by the federal government through the Hurricane Sandy relief bill . During the storm, a fire spread between the closely spaced houses of Breezy Point, while firefighters' access to

9676-546: The first releases with the higher list price. Backstreet artist Tom Petty succeeded in his campaign to force MCA to drop prices back to $ 8.98 for the release of his album Hard Promises , in May 1981. MCA had a distribution deal with the independent label Unicorn Records, which in turn signed an agreement with another rising independent label, SST Records to manufacture and distribute Black Flag 's first album Damaged . Reportedly, MCA executive Al Bergman heard an advance copy of

9794-498: The ground. Nearby, another 50 homes were damaged by the fire. According to an official report in December, rising seawater caused the fire by contacting a house's electrical wires. "Whalemina," a large, brightly colored statue of a smiling whale that had been a beloved iconic symbol of Rockaway since the 1990s, disappeared from Beach 94th Street near the Boardwalk and was presumed to have been swept out to sea. Based on data from

9912-476: The label's overall album market share decline to just 2.61% in 2002, down from 9% the previous year. His demise was hastened by the relative commercial failure of Shaggy 's Lucky Day , released in October 2002, which MCA hoped would sell well enough to turn around their declining fortunes. Richard Nichols, manager of The Roots , felt that MCA had been attempting to spend lots of money on different projects, and subsequently many acts on MCA were "underfinanced" by

10030-506: The label, leading to poor sales. Rob Hitt of Midtown (who was signed to MCA through Drive-Thru Records ) stated that MCA had lost a substantial amount of money that year from investing in several unsuccessful bands. Management of the label was subsequently handed over to the Interscope Geffen A&;M umbrella label and Jimmy Iovine , although UMG chairman Doug Morris promised that MCA would continue to operate as

10148-571: The land for about $ 11 million and formed the Breezy Point Cooperative. The construction of apartment buildings commenced in the late 1960s and was halted by City ordinance. At the same time, much of the housing in the area was converted into year-round housing for low-income residents, and some of the bungalows were used as public housing. In Arverne, the New York City Planning Commission approved

10266-533: The liquidation sales of unsold cut-out recordings that had been deleted from the MCA catalog. The story was later adapted into the book Stiffed: A True Story of MCA, the Music Business, and the Mafia , which was published in 1993. The Chess Records catalog was acquired from the remnants of Sugar Hill Records in 1985. Motown Records was bought in 1988. In the late 1980s, MCA formed Mechanic Records as

10384-524: The most successful MCA artists in this era was the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd , who would become one of the most popular in the Southern rock genre. The group was discovered by Al Kooper and initially released on his Sounds of the South label imprint of MCA. The song " Free Bird " became one of the most popular songs of all time on album-oriented rock radio stations. On Second Helping , the group recorded

10502-584: The music industry, strategies for re-monetizing music downloads, and the history and future of music. He owned Alpha & Omega Recording , a 72-track analog recording facility in San Rafael, California . His production career was managed by Peter Shershin at Breathing Protection, Inc . Pearlman was the recipient of 17 gold and platinum records. Pearlman died on July 26, 2016, in Novato, California , from pneumonia due to stroke -related complications. He

10620-573: The music released by Paramount's record labels, and the pre-1950 films by Paramount as well. Also included in this deal were recordings controlled by ABC, including albums by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers which were originally released by Shelter Records . Petty was furious about the reassignment of his contract and refused to record for MCA. This led to a series of lawsuits, which resulted in his bankruptcy in 1980. Petty and other ABC/Shelter artists eventually had their contracts transferred to

10738-420: The neighborhood as well. These more modern recreational facilities lured tourists and beachgoers away from the peninsula. With fewer customers, businesses and hotels closed, and by the 1950s, the area had fallen into economic decline. The transition from a summer vacationing area to a full-time residential neighborhood had taken its toll. After World War II , several large public housing projects were built in

10856-433: The peninsula between Jacob Riis Park and Breezy Point linking the isolated communities to Brooklyn. The Cross Bay Bridge landed in the middle of the neighborhood of Rockaway Beach. The construction of the two bridges started to transform the neighborhood and the rest of the peninsula into a more year-round residential area or commuter town , as people had a more convenient way to travel to and from work. The conversion of

10974-497: The population. The entirety of Community Board 14, which comprises the Rockaways and Broad Channel, had 114,390 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 76.5 years. This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 26% are between the ages of 0–17, 25% between 25–44, and 26% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents

11092-446: The rapidly growing population, the current infrastructure is inadequate and that there are environmental issues to consider. Those in favor of the development, however, contend that the development will help spur economic development and that the infrastructure cannot be upgraded until the population has reached a more noticeable level. Furthermore, some developers have questioned the legality of "down zoning". On August 14, 2008, however,

11210-411: The region as part of Moses' overall citywide neighborhood redevelopment plans, but these eventually became hotbeds of crime and related social pathologies. This provoked a backlash from some of the peninsula's more established residents (many of whom are of Irish Catholic heritage). A strong Jewish community (most of whose members are Ashkenazi Jews ) also exists in and around Far Rockaway. For example,

11328-589: The ruling in 2006, holding that the firings could stand. After decades of grand redevelopment plans that fell through — for casinos, sports arenas, and other projects — planning began in 2002 for a large vacant section between Rockaway Beach and Arverne. By 2004, people were moving into the first completed buildings of the Arverne-By-the-Sea development. By 2012, the development included some 2,300 homes. That sparked nearby retail development. Far Rockaway Shopping Center, in downtown Far Rockaway between

11446-533: The same houses for generations. The neighborhood suffered heavy losses from the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks ." The impact of the 9/11 attacks and Flight 587 on the community was the subject of the book Braving the Waves: Rockaway Rises, and Rises Again by Kevin Boyle. The book contained many personal accounts of Rockaway residents and is interspersed with descriptions of other disasters in

11564-506: The subway, make this a popular summer day trip for New York City residents. Toward the western end of the boardwalk, several portions of the beach are fenced off to preserve the nesting habitat for several species of terns and plovers , making for a unique urban birdwatching locale. After 2010, there was a major resurgence in the Rockaways' popularity. Various media began reporting on artists such as Andrew VanWyngarden , co-founder of popular psychedelic rock band MGMT , purchasing homes on

11682-453: The trade center's Twin Towers. Solemn ceremonies are held at the park every September 11, including a reading of the names of all the locals who perished on that day. Almost exactly two months after 9/11, on November 12, 2001, American Airlines Flight 587 crashed in Belle Harbor, killing 265 people: 260 aboard the aircraft and five on the ground. Many of the passengers on the plane were from

11800-511: The use of alcohol in local night clubs and taverns. On May 21, 1998, Seagram acquired PolyGram (owner of British Decca) from Philips and merged it with Universal Music Group. Unlike several labels under PolyGram and UMG, who faced closure and job cuts of employees, MCA was the only label that was not affected by the merger. When Seagram's drinks business was bought by France -based Pernod Ricard , its media holdings (including Universal) were sold to Vivendi which became Vivendi Universal which

11918-481: The vast majority were razed in urban renewal during the 1960s. In 1900, a New York State judge ordered that the land west of Rockaway Park be put up for auction. Belle Harbor and adjacent Neponsit were bought by Edward P. Hatch, who sold it to the West Rockaway Land Company in 1907. Residential lots in Belle Harbor were auctioned off in 1915. Belle Harbor was named by the president of the West Rockaway Land Company, Frederick J. Lancaster , who had earlier developed

12036-513: The years since, as well as several compilations. Its country music label MCA Nashville Records is still in operation, and is one of the only businesses using the MCA trademark as of 2016 along with MCA Records France (imprint of Universal Music France). MCA's jazz catalogue is managed by Verve Records (through the Impulse! and GRP imprints, depending on whether the recording was acquired from ABC or not), while its classical music catalogue

12154-449: Was 72. Rockaway, New York The Rockaway Peninsula , commonly referred to as The Rockaways or Rockaway , is a peninsula at the southern edge of the New York City borough of Queens on Long Island , New York . Relatively isolated from Manhattan and other more urban parts of the city, Rockaway became a popular summer retreat in the 1830s. It has since become a mixture of lower, middle, and upper-class neighborhoods. In

12272-474: Was based in London and MCA Records UK was formally launched on February 16, 1968. Among the early artists on the MCA label, around 1971, were groups Wishbone Ash , Osibisa , Stackridge and Budgie , and solo artists Tony Christie , Mick Greenwood and Roy Young . Early MCA UK releases were distributed by Decca, but moved to EMI in 1974. As the U.S. division of MCA Records was not established until 1972,

12390-469: Was considered an important figure in the development of both alternative and commercial American rock music , and for his intervention in British punk . He was drafted by record company CBS to produce Give 'Em Enough Rope , The Clash 's second album, which gave the band their largest audience to date, and also produced many of the tracks that were compiled in " Black Market Clash ". He was described as

12508-533: Was constructed and opened in 1939. Houses were cut in half to build the four-lane street. Some of these houses are still standing today. The existing, still unfinished street is locally known as the "road from nowhere to nowhere" because it does not have any relevant connections to any other area or highway. Robert Moses' construction of other recreational areas and facilities, such as the New York Aquarium and Jones Beach State Park , indirectly affected

12626-606: Was featured as the lead track of MCA's number one–charting American Graffiti soundtrack album, and as a single returned to the American top 40 that year, 20 years after it was recorded. In 1977, MCA president Sidney Sheinberg set up the Infinity Records division, based in New York City with Ron Alexenberg as CEO. Alexenberg had been with the Epic division of CBS Records, now Sony Music Entertainment . The intention

12744-419: Was fired and replaced by former Warner Music Group head Doug Morris . Palmese left MCA a week later. Afterwards, Jay Boberg was named as the new president of MCA. On December 9, 1996, the new owners dropped the MCA name; the company became Universal Studios, Inc. and its music division, MCA Music Entertainment Group, was renamed Universal Music Group (UMG), headed by Morris. In 1997, MCA Records adopted

12862-487: Was forced to exit the talent agency business in order to complete the merger. MCA assumed full ownership of Universal and made it into a top film studio, producing several hits. In 1966, MCA formed Uni Records and in 1967, purchased Kapp Records which was placed under Uni Records management. In 1967, Brunswick and Coral were replaced by a new MCA label, which was used to release U.S. Decca and Kapp label material outside North America. Initial activity as MCA Records

12980-500: Was fully absorbed by the parent company in 1980. In 1979, Bob Siner replaced Maitland as MCA Records president. Shortly afterwards, MCA acquired ABC Records along with its subsidiaries Paramount , Dunhill , Impulse! , Westminster , and Dot . ABC had acquired the Paramount and Dot labels when they purchased Gulf+Western 's record labels and Famous Music Corp . Thus, MCA now controlled material once owned by Paramount Pictures,

13098-654: Was held back from the number 1 slot by Goodbye Yellow Brick Road. Other successful artists on MCA, after the consolidation, included former Kapp artist Cher , and Uni artist Olivia Newton-John . In 1973 MCA released the highly successful soundtrack album to the film The Sting . The movie used the Ragtime music of Scott Joplin , arranged and conducted by Marvin Hamlisch . It won an Academy Award for Best Original Score (MCA issued many other soundtracks to films from Universal, along with some non-Universal films). One of

13216-402: Was later renamed back to Vivendi SA after selling most of the entertainment division (which included Universal Pictures ) to General Electric . Morris continued to head the combined company, still called Universal Music Group. On January 16, 2003, Jay Boberg resigned from his position as president of MCA Records. Boberg's resignation arrived in the wake of slumping sales at MCA, which had seen

13334-465: Was leveled by a fire that left about 10,000 people homeless, although the neighborhood was quick to rebuild. On June 6, 1993, a ship called the Golden Venture beached near Fort Tilden on the western half of the Rockaway Peninsula. The ship contained 296 Chinese illegal immigrants, including 13 crew members. Ten people drowned trying to reach shore. Over 70 Rockaway residents were killed in

13452-614: Was lower, at 8% and 14% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 14 was $ 54,012. In 2018, an estimated 18% of Rockaway residents lived impoverished, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in eleven residents (9%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent,

13570-610: Was purchased by the Matsushita group . Azoff resigned from MCA in 1989 to form his own record label, the now-defunct Giant Records . Richard Palmese was named president of MCA Records after Azoff in 1990. GRP Records and Geffen Records were acquired in 1990. Unlike most of MCA's previous acquisitions, GRP (which began managing MCA's jazz holdings) and Geffen (which became a second mainstream subsidiary) labels kept their identities. MCA sold Motown Records to PolyGram in 1993. Singer and songrwriter Alanis Morissette became

13688-463: Was released in October 1973 and was number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart for eight straight weeks. The management of former Decca artists the Who had formed their own label Track Records in the UK, but were still under contract with MCA for American distribution. The Who's double album Quadrophenia was released by Track/MCA also in October 1973. Quadrophenia peaked at number 2 as it

13806-566: Was to give MCA a stronger presence on the East Coast. The only big hit the Infinity label had was " Escape (The Piña Colada Song) " by Rupert Holmes , a number one single at the end of 1979. Infinity also had some success with Hot Chocolate , Spyro Gyra , New England and TKO . But MCA pulled the plug on Infinity after it failed to sell most of the one million advance copies of an album featuring Pope John Paul II in October 1979. Infinity

13924-597: Was unsuccessful in his attempt to consolidate Warner Records with co-owned Atlantic Records which led to his departure from Warner. In April 1971, Maitland supervised the consolidation of the New York–based Decca and Kapp labels plus the California -based Uni label into MCA Records based in Universal City, California , with Maitland serving as president. The three labels maintained their identities for

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