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64-624: Although speaking Sudanese Arabic today it was reported by various 19th-century sources that the Shaiqiya were bilingual in Arabic and Dongolawi , a Nubian language . Some modern authors proposed that the Shaiqiya spoke Nobiin rather than Dongolawi. In the 20th century, Shaiqi tribe are among those along the Nile, who have been affected by the Merowe Dam . Despite claims to Abbasid descent,

128-480: A hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ) typical of the Nubian Desert . Wadi Halfa receives each year the highest mean amount of bright sunshine, with an extreme value of 4,300 h, which is equal to 97–98 % of possible sunshine. In addition to this, the town receives a mean annual amount of rainfall of 0.5 millimetres or 0.020 inches. Many years usually pass without any rain falling on

192-571: A family always is the father, but when troubles come to the leader, the mother or the uncle of this family will lead instead. Sudanese Arabic Sudanese Arabic, also referred to as the Sudanese dialect ( Arabic : لهجة سودانية , romanized :  Lahjat Sūdānīyah , Sudanese Arabic [ˈlahɟa suːˈdaːnijja] ), Colloquial Sudanese ( Arabic : عامية سودانية [ˈʕaːmmijja suːˈdaːnijja] ) or locally as Common Sudanese ( Arabic : دارجى [ˈdaːriɟi] ) refers to

256-618: A fort at Al Halfaya, just north of Khartoum . The fortress at Al-Ubayyid in 1883, was held by Major Ahmed Hussein Pasha (Suarab Section) and despite Hicks Pasha's attempt to relieve him, the fortress fell to the Mahdi. (Major Hussein escaped to Egypt in 1891 and came back during the reconquest in 1898. His family still resides in Omdurman , Khartoum North and Hajar al Asal .) His grandchildren went as far as Germany and America, where they go by

320-572: A marginal presence in Darfur Arabic and other varieties of Sudanese Arabic in loanwords from indigenous Sudanese languages. Some examples include: The Arabic letter ǧīm ج ‎ maintains an archaic pronunciation [ ɟ ] in Sudanese (other dialects typically have [ dʒ ] , [ ʒ ] or [ j ] ), while Cairene Arabic has [ g ] . The long mid vowels /eː / and /oː / are equivalent respectively to

384-638: A noticeable impact on the lexicon of Sudanese Arabic, particularly on vocabulary relating to agriculture and Nubian foods and traditions. Many of the Nubian influences on Sudanese Arabic hail from the Nobiin language , such as the word for cat, /kadiːsa/, as well as the Nobiin accusative suffix -ga/ka which appears in many loanwords of Nubian origin. There is also influence of Nubian in Sudanese Arabic from

448-665: A period of turmoil after falling under the Mahdist War regime. Conflicts frequently broke out on the border, and in 1889, Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi 's army entered the town on the way to the Battle of Tushki . Wadi Halfa was briefly the headquarters of the British -led Egyptian and British forces under Kitchener seeking to defeat the forces of Muhammad Ahmad , the Mahdi proclaimed by his disciples, from 1881 to 1885. The rail line up

512-427: A reddish hue, twice will turn it black. Eating habits are typical almost throughout Sudan: breakfast is around 10am, lunch is at 3pm and dinner at 7pm. The main course will always be a kind of bread called gurrasa , which is made of flour. It is usually dipped into meat curries. They have black tea with sugar after every meal. When someone dies, funeral rites for the dead are carried out immediately. The families of

576-503: Is Inta shadīd? Inti shadīda? "Are you well? (to a male and a female, respectively)", the response to which is usually al-Hamdo lillāh "Praise God" assuming you are indeed feeling well, ma batal "not bad" or nosnos "half-half", if feeling only okay or taˤban showayya "a little tired" if not so well. Of course, there can be many other responses but these are used in everyday language. Other everyday greetings include kwayyis(a), alhamdulilah "Good, thanks to Allah", Kēf al-usra? "how

640-512: Is a special instrument that can be heard in Shaigi tribal music: the tambour, or tanbūra , a kind of lyre . The Shaigiya used to make their homes from bricks made of mud and cow dung, as other North African and Arab ethnic groups had done. The roofs were made of straw to keep the houses cool. The most common form for men to put art on their bodies is the wearing of henna on their hands for a wedding. Women put henna on for their own marriage only. In

704-458: Is also common to shake hands on first meeting, sometimes simultaneously slapping or tapping each other on the left shoulder before the handshake (particularly for good friends). Handshakes in Sudan can often last as long as greetings. A handshake between well-acquainted Sudanese will often be preceded by raising one's right hand and touching each other's left shoulder simultaneously before engaging in

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768-513: Is considered important, and for this, many children attend traditional religious schools, called khalwa in Sudan. This is a place, where kids go to before they enter a public school to learn classical Arabic and memorize the Quran . Children in the Shaigiya tribe like to play a kind of game called Seega , which is similar to tic-tac-toe. First they draw a big square with 9 small squares inside on

832-466: Is difficult to speak of a 'Sudanese colloquial language' in general, simply because there is not a single dialect used simultaneously in all the regions where Arabic is the mother tongue. Every region, and almost every tribe, has its own brand of Arabic." However, Gasim broadly distinguishes between the varieties spoken by sedentary groups along the Nile (such as the Ja'aliyyin ) and pastoralist groups (such as

896-467: Is generally termed Darfur Arabic, which refers to the Arabic primarily spoken by multilingual Darfuris living in rural parts of the region. A number of especially distinct tribal varieties, such as the Arabic spoken by the Shaigiya and Shukriyya tribes , have also elicited special interest from linguists. The variety evolved from the varieties of Arabic brought by Arabs who migrated to the region after

960-595: Is related to Sudanese Arabic's realization of the Modern Standard Arabic voiceless uvular plosive [q] as the voiced velar stop [g], as is done in Sa'idi Arabic and other varieties of Sudanic Arabic, as well as Sudanese Arabic's realization of the Modern Standard Arabic voiced alveopalatal fricative [dʒ] as the voiced palatal stop [ɟ]. However, Sudanese Arabic also retains the plethora of innovations on Classical Arabic found in other Egypto-Sudanic varieties, such as

1024-586: Is the family?" or kēf al awlād? "how are the children". For friends, the question Kēf? can also be formed using the person's first name, prefixed by ya , for example; kēf ya Yōsif? "How are you, Joseph?". Another standard response in addition to al-hamdu lillāh is Allāh ybarik fik "God's blessing upon you". Additional greetings are appropriate for particular times and are standard in most varieties of Arabic, such as Sabāh al-khēr? / Sabāh an-Nōr . Sudanese that know each other well will often use many of these greetings together, sometimes repeating themselves. It

1088-464: Is the terminus of a rail line from Khartoum and the point where goods are transferred from rail to ferries going down the lake. As of 2007, the city had a population of 15,725. The city is located amidst numerous ancient Nubian antiquities and was the focus of much archaeological work by teams seeking to save artifacts from the flooding caused by the completion of the Aswan Dam . Wadi Halfa has

1152-560: Is typically not used in formal writing or on Sudanese news channels. However, Sudanese Arabic is employed extensively on social media and various genres of Sudanese poetry (such as dobeyt and halamanteesh ), as well as in Sudanese cinema and television. In 1889 the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain claimed that the Arabic spoken in Sudan was "a pure but archaic Arabic". This

1216-456: The Dongolawi language , in particular terms relating to device and water wheel in the form of loanwords like "Kolay". Other words of Nubian origin identified by researchers include: The Beja language , also known as Bidawiyet, is one of Sudan's most spoken indigenous languages, and also contributes significantly to the Sudanese Arabic lexicon. Loanwords from Bidawiyet include: Because of

1280-580: The "Xiogeia". They were subjects of the Funj Sultanate , which extended as far north as Dongola . From the sixteenth century until colonization, the Shaigiya had many prominent Islamic schools which attracted students from all over Sudan. Around 1690 the tribe broke loose from the Kingdom of Funj , defeating the Abdelab governor, and were the only independent tribe in the region. The first account of

1344-500: The 19th century. Several travellers noted that they were bilingual in Arabic and Dongolawi , the language of the Danagla further downstream. Some modern authors believe that the Shaiqiya spoke Nobiin rather than Dongolawi. The historian Jay Spaulding analyzed several Arabic Shaiqi documents from the mid-19th century and found a widespread use of objective suffix particles which, he believes, had their root in Nobiin. He concludes that

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1408-444: The 19th-century. Sudanese Arabic has characteristics similar to Egyptian Arabic . As a point of difference, though, the Sudanese dialect retains some archaic pronunciation patterns, such as the letter ج, and it also exhibits characteristics of the ancient Nobiin language that once covered the region. Accordingly, linguists have identified a variety of influences from Nubian , Beja , Fur , Nilotic , and other Sudanese languages on

1472-662: The Baggara groups of west Sudan). The most widely-spoken variety of Sudanese is variably referred to as Central Sudanese Arabic, Central Urban Sudanese Arabic, or Khartoum Arabic, which more closely resembles varieties spoken by sedentary groups. Some, like researcher Stefano Manfredi, refer to this variety as "Sudanese Standard Arabic" due to the variety's comparative prestige and widespread use. Linguist Ibrahim Adam Ishaq identifies two varieties of Arabic spoken in Darfur besides Sudanese Standard Arabic, including Pastoral Arabic and what

1536-449: The Ja'Alin revolt (1822) and demonstrated astonishing brutality. For their services they obtained lands of the Ja'Alin between Shendi and Khartoum ( 15°37′59″N 32°31′59″E  /  15.633°N 32.533°E  / 15.633; 32.533 ). In the Mahdist War of 1884/85, General Gordon 's first fight was to rescue a few Shaiqiya, still serving with the invader and besieged in

1600-510: The Nile was originally begun in 1897 to support this military buildup. It extends, via Atbara , to El Obeid and beyond into southern and western Sudan. A river monitoring station functioned in Wadi Halfa between 1911 and 1931, to monitor changes associated with the Aswan reservoir, but from 1931 to 1962 it was moved to Kajnarty , 47 kilometres to the north of the town. A railroad hotel

1664-577: The Red Sea area have a language that is akin to what the Hadendoa speak. They are reported to have a pronunciation which deletes the last letter of some words. A common name for a male is Al-Sir, which is from the Turkish language and means leader. A common name for a female that hardly anyone uses outside of the tribe is "Had-Alraid", which means the most love you can give to someone or something. There

1728-590: The Shaigiya have been classified as Arabised Nubians . They claim descent from a Hejazi Arab named Shaig, a descendant of Abbas (an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad ) who came from the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century following the Arab conquest of Egypt . Allegedly, he and his family settled in Sudan and intermixed with the local Nubians , creating this tribe. However, historically it seems

1792-522: The Shaigiya tribesmen was given by the Scottish traveller James Bruce in his book Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (1790) who noticed the tribe migrated from more southern regions to its present homeland around 1772. Still the best early description came from an adventurer and historian John Lewis Burckhardt , who, mesmerized by the Shaigiya, spent some time with the tribe. His accounts of

1856-571: The Shaiqiya as are soldiers, indulge in frequent use of wine and spirits made of dates." They were challenged around 1811 at Dongola by the Mamelukes , but continued to dominate a considerable part of Nubia. Roused by Mihera Bint Abboud , they resisted the Turkish/Egyptian invasion in 1820, at the battle of Korti after refusing to submit and were defeated due to the use of fire-arms and cannons and retreated southwards. Mac Jaweesh along

1920-435: The Shaiqiya youth was brutal, and at very early age they were capable of launching spears from a horseback by astonishing precision. Their unexplainable intolerance of other tribes led to raids against their neighbours and beyond. They attacked villages and caravans as far as Wadi Halfa in the north, and Shendi in the south forcing some families of the neighbouring tribes to emigrate westwards ( Danagla ). Constantly attacking

1984-633: The Walis, the Righteous, the 'Ulema and the Poets in the Sudan ( Arabic : كتاب الطبقات في خصوص الاولياء والصالحين والعلماء والشعراء في السودان ) by Muhammad wad Dayf Allah. While the written Arabic used in these Sultanates more closely resembles the norms of Classical Arabic , Dayf Allah's book features early attestations of some elements of modern Sudanese phonology and syntax. Like other varieties of Arabic outside of Modern Standard Arabic , Sudanese Arabic

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2048-775: The area since ancient times, and during the Middle Kingdom period, the Egyptian colony of Buhen across the river existed until the Roman period . The modern town of Wadi Halfa was founded in the 19th century, when it became a port on the Nile for steamers from Aswan, such as the Nubia . During the Turko-Egyptian conquest of 1820 , Wadi Halfa was used as a stopping point for troops headed south. Communications developed in

2112-509: The area who would have to be resettled over a four-year period from 1960. Worst affected were the Nubians who demonstrated in Wadi Halfa on 23–24 October 1960 against being resettled. Subsequently, on 26 October demonstrations took place in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum , which had to be dispersed by police using tear gas. The government was quick to suppress the agitation, placing Wadi Halfa under martial law and terminating communications with

2176-405: The dead wear black or white, and the men take the corpse, wash it and cover it with large white sheet and bury it. Widows usually mourn for a stipulated four-month and ten day period. When a baby is born, the baby’s mother and the town's women ululate ( zaghareed ) to announce the baby's arrival, and after 7 days, the family hosts a party to give the newborn baby a name. Most mornings, men work in

2240-446: The diphthongs [aj] and [aw] found in Modern Standard Arabic. Multilingualism in Arabic and indigenous Sudanese languages has been the norm in Sudan since the entry of Arabic into the region, resulting in noticeable influences from Nubian, Beja, western Sudanese, and Nilotic languages on the vocabulary of Sudanese Arabic. Prior to the widespread adoption of Arabic, the Nubian languages were dominant in medieval Sudan, and have thus made

2304-459: The events were published at 1819 in the "Travels in Nubia". The predatory character of the tribe speaks of change from Bruce's time, "My guide, in constant dread of the Shaiqiya would not allow me to light a fire although the nights were getting very cold". Evidently, the tribe was ruled by two Macs (the title given by the kings of Funj to tribal chiefs), Mac Jaweesh and Mac Zubeir. Military training of

2368-435: The fields tending their crops. Hunting is also popular. Wives take care of children and give food to their husbands when they are working in the field. Boys in the Shaigiya tribe help in the field after school. Girls stay at home to help their mothers and make themselves more beautiful (decorate themselves with fancy clothes and other decorations). They are not allowed to go out very much until they are 15 years old. The leader of

2432-457: The ground. Wadi Halfa experiences long, hot summers and short, warm winters. The annual mean temperature is about 27 °C or 80.6 °F. From May to September, inclusively, the averages highs exceed 40 °C or 104 °F. The annual mean rate of potential evaporation is also among the highest found throughout the world, totalling as much as 5,930 millimetres or 230 inches. Archaeological evidence indicates that settlements have existed in

2496-469: The handshake, all while exchanging verbal greetings. The Sudanese Arabic word for "yes" varies; aye is widely used, although aywa or na‘am are also commonly used. Wadi Halfa Wādī Ḥalfā ( Arabic : وادي حلفا , Sudanese Arabic [ˈwaːdi ˈħalfa] , " Esparto Valley") is a city in the Northern state of Sudan on the shores of Lake Nubia near the border with Egypt . It

2560-508: The home then the mother is the head. If the mother is incapable, then the uncle takes over. The uncle is usually the father’s brother and must act as the father. If the uncle cannot fulfil the role, then the grandfather will take over. The main religion of the Shaigiya tribe is Sunni Islam . Most children attend government school. Women are usually the teachers, while the men are farming and planting. All lessons are important, but most emphasized are religion, languages, and mathematics. Religion

2624-457: The latter half of the 19th century, with a telegraph line to Egypt connected in 1866 and ill-fated attempts to build a railway to Kerma in 1873 and 1877. The eventual establishment of the Sudanese rail head at Wadi Halfa—connected via steamer to the Egyptian network via a port just south of Asyut —caused the site to eclipse the former caravan site at Korosko . In 1885, Wadi Halfa entered

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2688-474: The left shoulder and then shake hands. If they meet their friend, they would say “Marhaban" or “Ezayakum”. Ladies hug each other and shake hands. When there is a wedding, the groom applies henna , a kind of black decoration that people usually put on their hands and feet. Henna is applied as a paste made of dried and powdered Lawsonia leaves, with added oil and water. Brides use it in a decorative manner, usually with floral decorations. If applied once, it takes on

2752-538: The loss of interdental fricatives. As with other Egypto-Sudanic varieties, Modern Standard Arabic interdental fricatives / θ / , / ð / , and / ðˤ / are substituted by either their fricative or stop counterparts. As is the case in Egyptian Arabic and Levantine Arabic , interdental fricatives are realized as / t / , / d / , and / dˤ / in inherited words, and as / s / , / z / , and / zˤ / in loans from Modern Standard Arabic. Similar to Sa'idi Arabic ,

2816-507: The majority of his men sought asylum in Shendi in hope to persuade the Ja'Ali chief Mac Nimr to join forces against the much stronger enemy. Mac Nimr declined the offer and the Shaiqiya were handed over to the Turks, who promised to pardon the Shaiqiya warriors and return their land if they accepted the service in Turkish ranks. After the deal was struck Shaiqiya were used during the suppression of

2880-535: The name of Hussein. In April 1884, Saleh Bey (Saleh Wad el Mek), head of the tribe, and 1,400 men surrendered to the Mahdi's forces. Numbers of Shaigiya continued in the service of General Gordon, and this led to the proscription of the tribe by the Mahdi. When Khartoum fell, Saleh's sons were sought out and executed by the Dervishes . On the reconquest of the Sudan by the Anglo-Egyptian army (1896/98), it

2944-534: The one to hunt the Lion." Freedom-loving and hospitable, they had schools in which all Muslim science was taught, and were rich in corn and cattle. Their fighting men, mounted on horses of the famous Dongola breed, were feared throughout the eastern Sudan . Their chiefs wore coats of mail and carried shields of hippopotamus or crocodile skin. Their arms were lance, sword or javelin. The Shaigiya are divided into twelve sections or sub tribes, each descended from one of

3008-495: The other person's health, their family etc. When greeting an informal acquaintance, it is common to begin with the word o , followed by the person's first name: Ō, Khalafalla or Ō, kēf ya Khalafalla . Formal greetings often begin with the universal As-salām ˤalaykom and the reply, Wa ˤalaykom as-salām , an exchange common to Muslims everywhere. However, other greetings typical to Sudan include Izzēyak (to men) or Izzēyik (to women). A rather informal way to say "How are you",

3072-547: The person of their guest, or companion is sacred. If the traveller possesses a friend among them and has been plundered on the road, his property will be recovered, even if it has been taken by the King. Many of them can write and read. Their learned men are held in great respect by them; they have schools, wherein all the sciences are taught, which form the course of the Mohammedan study, Mathematics and Astronomy excepted. Such of

3136-482: The pre-Arabic language of the Shaiqiya, which he calls Old Shaiqi , was closely related to Nobiin if not identical. The archaeologist Ali Osman, too, claimed that the Nubian words that survive in the Shaiqi dialect are of Nobiin origin. Arabization was rapidly advancing in 19th-century Sudan due to the perceived superiority of Arabic to Nubian and other African languages. Among the Shaiqiya, Nubian reportedly survived until

3200-613: The rest of the country. Protests in Khartoum, mainly by students, led to the temporary closure of the Khartoum campus of Cairo University and about 50 arrests. The old town was completely destroyed after the construction of the Aswan High Dam due to flooding in 1964. Most of the town was relocated, and by 1965 the population of New Halfa was just 3,200. During the 1970s, the area was under intense scrutiny by archaeologists working to protect ancient Nubian monuments. Wadi Halfa

3264-401: The rural areas of the various sub-tribes (or Dars), extended family life features strongly. It is quite common that multiple generations will stay in one house (mother, father, grandfather, grandmother, children, aunts, uncles, cousins). Most households in the Shaigiya tribe consist of extended families. Some men have more than one wife. The head of the house is the father. If the father is not in

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3328-453: The sand, two children play, each has five stones, each stone of a different color. Each tries to align their own stones in a line of 3, while the other blocks and tries to prevent his/her adversary from making a straight line. The Shaygiya greeting is similar to most other tribal Sudanese greetings or Muslim greetings. When the Shaigiya people meet someone who is older, they say, “As-salamu alaykum ya haj” or “Marhaban ya haj”, pat their hands on

3392-521: The signing of the Treaty of Baqt , a 7th-century treaty between the Muslim rulers of Egypt and the Nubian kingdom of Makuria . Testimonies by travelers to the areas that would become modern-day Sudan, like Ibn Battuta , indicate that Arabic coexisted alongside indigenous Sudanese languages, with multilingualism in Arabic and non-Arabic Sudanese languages being well-attested by travelers to the region up until

3456-772: The town of Shendi and killing some of local Mac Nimr's uncles forced the Ja'Alin to seek help from the king of Funj, who at his political decline was too weakened and unable to help. Burckhardt who spent time in Merowe around 1807 gives us more description of the tribe "Shaiqiya are continually at war. They all fight on horseback, in coats of mail. Fire-arms are not common amongst them, their only weapons being lance, target and sabre. They are all mounted on Dongola Stallions and are famous for their horsemanship. Their youth conduct raids sometimes as far as Darfur . The Shaiqiya are perfectly independent people, and possess great wealth in corn and cattle. They are renowned for their hospitality; and

3520-412: The tribe has originated in 15th century as a hybrid of various tribes settled in the area. According to Nicholls, at the start of the 20th century, the tribe nobles denied to have Arab origins and said that they were indigenous to Sudan and that they have always inhabited the same territory as today. Although speaking Sudanese Arabic today, the Shaigiya have formerly spoken a Nubian language as late as

3584-475: The turn of the 20th century. As late as 1918 it was reported that Nubian (Dongolawi) was still spoken as far upstream as Karima near Jebel Barkal . During the medieval period Dar Shaiqiya was part of the heartland of the Christian Nubian kingdom of Makuria . The Shaigiya are first mentioned in 1529, when an Italian visitor to Upper Egypt remarked that pyramids could be found in the country of

3648-418: The twelve sons of the founder, Shaig. Many jokes involve a Shaigi quarrelling with a Ja'li. Many times the Shaigi is the sharp, and Ja'li is the stubborn. They have adopted the tribal marking custom of cutting three horizontal lines on the cheeks of their children. This was done with a heated knife, but is now a dying custom. Members of the Shaigiya tribe speak and write in Arabic. Some sections living towards

3712-597: The various related varieties of Arabic spoken in Sudan as well as parts of Egypt , Eritrea , Ethiopia , and Chad . Sudanese Arabic has also influenced a number of Arabic-based pidgins and creoles , including Juba Arabic , widely used in South Sudan , as well as Ki-Nubi , spoken by the Nubi communities of Kenya and Uganda. Sudanese Arabic is highly diverse. Famed Sudanese linguist Awn ash-Sharif Gasim noted that "it

3776-542: The varying influence of local languages in different parts of Sudan, there is considerable regional variation in Arabic spoken throughout the country. Thus, the term 'Sudanese Arabic' typically refers to Arabic spoken in northern and central parts of Sudan. The other most commonly mentioned derivative of Sudanese Arabic is Juba Arabic , a pidgin of Arabic spoken in South Sudan , which is much more heavily influenced by other local languages. In northern Sudan, greetings are typically extended, and involve multiple questions about

3840-559: The vocabulary and phonology of Sudanese Arabic. By the 16th and 17th centuries, the Sultanates of Darfur and Sennar emerged and adopted Arabic as an official language, employing the language in public documents and as an intermediary language between the myriad of languages spoken at the time. Under the Sultanate of Sennar , Arabic was also employed in the writing of historical and theological books, most famously The Tabaqat of

3904-494: The voiced velar stop / g / corresponds to the Modern Standard Arabic voiced uvular plosive / q / in Sudanese. Gasim also attests to the realization of Modern Standard Arabic [ q ] as [ ɣ ] in Sudanese. Varieties of Sudanese Arabic spoken by non-Arab groups, such as Darfur Arabic, substitute pharyngeal or emphatic consonants with non-pharyngeal counterparts, i.e., / s / for Modern Standard Arabic / sˤ / . The consonants / ɲ / , / c / , and / ŋ / also have

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3968-578: Was built in the town during the 20th century, and during World War II , Wadi Halfa was a communications post for Allied forces in Africa . By 1956, the town had grown to a population of 11,000. On 8 November 1959, the signing of the Sudanese-UAR Nile Water Agreement brought the area into much debate. This was because the agreement to flood the area upon the creation of the Aswan Dam would directly affect some 52,000 people in

4032-493: Was featured in part four, entitled "Shifting Sands", of the eight part Michael Palin television documentary series Pole to Pole released by the BBC in 1992. In 2005, a museum and interactive Nubian village were planned for Wadi Halfa, but by 2014 nothing had been done. Agriculture plays an important role in local economy. The Chinese have invested in a fish processing plant in the town. The trans-African automobile route —

4096-650: Was found that the Shaigiya were reduced to a few hundred families. After this, the tribe thrived. They figured prominently in the Egyptian Army and later the Sudan Defence Force . General Ibrahim Abboud , decorated with the MBE for his valour at Keren in 1941, was a Shaiqi from the Onia section and later President of the Sudan in 1964. They are known for their bravery, generosity, and enlightenment. "They are

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