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67-459: Shayestaganj Railway Junction, Hospital, Market, Township, other offices and important places are located here since long. According to Achyut Charan Choudhury , a bazaar and courthouse was established approximately 300 years ago on the banks of the Khowai River by Syed Shayesta Miah as Shayesta Miah's Bazar and named after himself. The old market of modern-day Shayestaganj is viewed as

134-691: A distance of about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northeast of the Jagannath Temple. The two temples are located at the two ends of the Bada Danda (Grand Avenue), which is the pathway for the Ratha Yatra. According to a legend, Gundicha was the wife of King Indradyumna who originally built the Jagannath temple. The temple is built using light-grey sandstone , and, architecturally, it exemplifies typical Kalinga temple architecture in

201-446: A height of 58 metres (190 ft), and a flag is unfurled above it, fixed over a wheel ( chakra ). The temple is built on an elevated platform (of about 420,000 square feet (39,000 m ) area), 20 feet (6.1 m) above the adjacent area. The temple rises to a height of 214 feet (65 m) above the road level. The temple complex covers an area of 10.7 acres (4.3 ha). There are four entry gates in four cardinal directions of

268-609: A historian, in his book A Social History of India quotes William Joseph Wilkins, author of the book Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Purānic as stating that in Puri, Buddhism was once a well established practice but later Buddhism faded and Brahmanism became the order of the religious practice in the town; the Buddha deity is now worshipped by the Hindus as Jagannatha. It is also said by Wilkinson that some relics of Buddha were placed inside

335-418: A population of 65,398. 17,133 (26.20%) were under 10 years of age. Shayestaganj had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 54.12%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1032 females per 1000 males. 23,314 (35.65%) lived in urban areas. Shayestaganj Upazila is divided into Shayestaganj Municipality and three union parishads : Brahmandura, Nurpur, and Shayestaganj. Shayestaganj Municipality

402-715: A shore line of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). Puri is in the coastal delta of the Mahanadi River on the shores of the Bay of Bengal. In the ancient days it was near to Sisupalgarh (also known as "Ashokan Tosali"). Then the land was drained by a tributary of the Bhargavi River , a branch of the Mahanadi River. This branch underwent a meandering course creating many arteries altering the estuary , and formed many sand hills. These sand hills could be cut through by

469-666: Is 1,337 millimetres (52.6 in) and the average annual temperature is 26.9 °C (80.4 °F). The weather data is given in the following table. Religious Demographic in Puri Municipality (2011) According to the 2011 Census of India , Puri is an urban agglomeration governed by the Municipal Corporation in Odisha state, with a population of 200,564, comprising 104,086 males, 96,478 females, and 18,471 children (under six years of age). The sex ratio

536-578: Is 927. The average literacy rate in the city is 88.03 percent (91.38 percent for males and 84.43 percent for females). The overwhelming majority of the people in the city (98%) are Hindus , with a small Christian population. Languages spoken in Puri Municipality (2011) Majority of the people speaks Odia , followed by a large minority of Telugu speakers, with substantial number of Bengali and Hindi speakers. The Puri Municipality, Puri Konark Development Authority, Public Health Engineering Organisation and Orissa Water Supply Sewerage Board are some of

603-774: Is Charita as identified by General Alexander Cunningham of the Archaeological Survey of India , which was later spelled as Che-li-ta-lo by Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang . When the present temple was built by the Eastern Ganga king Anantavarman Chodaganga in the 11th and 12th centuries AD, it was called Purushottamkshetra. However, the Moghuls , the Marathas and early British rulers called it Purushottama-chhatar or just Chhatar. In Moghul ruler Akbar 's Ain-i-Akbari and subsequent Muslim historical records it

670-612: Is a stone pillar in front of the Singhadwara, called the Aruna Stambha {Solar Pillar}, 11 metres (36 ft) in height with 16 faces, made of chlorite stone; at the top of the stamba an elegant statue of Aruṇa (Sun) in a prayer mode is mounted. This pillar was shifted from the Konarak Sun Temple . The four gates are decorated with guardian statues in the form of lion, horse mounted men, tigers, and elephants in

737-480: Is also known by the geographical features of its location as Shankhakshetra (the layout of the town is in the form of a conch shell), Neelāchala ("Blue mountain" a terminology used to name a very large sand lagoon over which the temple was built but this name is not in vogue), Neelāchalakshetra, Neelādri . In Sanskrit , the word "Puri" means town or city, and is cognate with polis in Greek . Another ancient name

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804-527: Is also known by the name Jagannatha . According to the chronicle Madala Panji , in 318 AD, the priests and servitors of the temple spirited away the idols to escape the wrath of the Rashtrakuta king Rakatavahu . In the temple's historical records it finds mention in the Brahma Purana and Skanda Purana stating that the temple was built by the king Indradyumna , Ujjayani . S. N. Sadasivan,

871-501: Is dependent on the religious importance of the Jagannath Temple to the extent of nearly 80 percent. The 24 festivals, including 13 major ones, held every year in the temple complex contribute to the economy; Ratha Yatra and its related festivals are the most important which are attended by millions of people every year. Sand art and applique art are some of the important crafts of the city. Puri has been chosen as one of

938-532: Is located in the Emara Matha complex (opposite Simhadwara or lion gate, the main entrance gate). The Jagannatha Aitihasika Gavesana Samiti (Jagannatha Historical Centre) is also located here. The library houses ancient palm leaf manuscripts on Jagannatha, His cult and the history of the city. Puri witnesses 24 festivals every year, of which 13 are major. The most important of these is the Ratha Yatra , or

1005-588: Is subdivided into 9 wards. There are many educational institutions in this sub-district. Some notable ones include Jahur Chan Bibi Women's College, Shayestaganj Degree College and the Shayestaganj Kamil Madrasa. The Shayestaganj High School was established in 1918. 24°09′52″N 91°15′47″E  /  24.1644°N 91.2630°E  / 24.1644; 91.2630 Achyut Charan Choudhury Achyut Charan Choudhury ( Bengali : অচ্যুৎচরণ চৌধুরী ; 5 February 1866 – 25 September 1953)

1072-629: Is under the Jagannath Temple Administration, Puri, the governing body of the main temple. A small band of servitors maintain the temple. Swargadwar is the name given to the cremation ground or burning ghat which is located on the shores of the sea. Here thousands of dead bodies of Hindus brought from faraway places are cremated. It is a belief that the Chaitanya Mahaparabhu disappeared from this Swargadwar about 500 years back. The beach at Puri, known as

1139-458: The Deula style. The complex comprises four components: vimana (tower structure containing the sanctum), jagamohana (assembly hall), nata- mandapa (festival hall) and bhoga-mandapa (hall of offerings). There is also a kitchen connected by a small passage. The temple is set within a garden, and is known as "God's Summer Garden Retreat" or garden house of Jagannatha. The entire complex, including

1206-544: The Govardhana Matha , one of the four cardinal institutions established by Adi Shankaracharya , when he visited Puri in 810 AD, and since then it has become an important dham (divine centre) for the Hindus; the others being those at Sringeri , Dwarka and Jyotirmath . The Matha (monastery of various Hindu sects) is headed by Jagatguru Shankarachrya . It is a local belief about these dhams that Vishnu takes his dinner at Puri, has his bath at Rameshwaram , spends

1273-571: The "Ballighai beach, at the mouth of Nunai River", is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away from the town and is fringed by casurina trees. It has golden yellow sand. Sunrise and sunset are pleasant scenic attractions here. Waves break in at the beach which is long and wide. The Puri district museum is located on the station road where the exhibits in display are the different types of garments worn by Jagannatha, local sculptures, patachitra (traditional, cloth-based scroll painting), ancient Palm-leaf manuscripts , and local craft work. Raghunandana Library

1340-429: The 8th century AD by Rastrakuta king Govinda III (798–814 AD), and the last took place in 1881 AD by the monotheistic followers of Alekh ( Mahima Dharma ) who did not recognise the worship of Jagannatha. From 1205 AD onward there were many invasions of the city and its temple by Muslims of Afghan and Moghul descent, known as Yavanas or foreigners. In most of these invasions the idols were taken to safe places by

1407-843: The Afghan king by Raja Mansingh , the General of Mughal emperor Akbar , the temple became part of the Mughal empire till 1751. Subsequently, it was under the control of the Marathas till 1803. During the British Raj, the Puri Raja was entrusted with its management until 1947. The triad of images in the temple are of Jagannatha, personifying Krishna, Balabhadra, His older brother, and Subhadra, His younger sister. The images are made of neem wood in an unfinished form. The stumps of wood which form

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1474-554: The Bhargavi River has a shallow depth of just 5 feet (1.5 m) and the process of siltation continues. According to a 15th-century Odia writer Saraladasa , the bed of the unnamed stream that flowed at the base of the Blue Mountain or Neelachal was filled up. Katakarajavamsa , a 16th-century chronicle (c.1600), attributes filling up of the bed of the river which flowed through the present Grand Road, as done during

1541-677: The Daragaon Rail Bridge over the Karangi River in eastern Shayestaganj, in the third week of August. In 1998, Shayestaganj town was designated as a municipality and gained first-class status in 2013. On 20 November 2017, the Shayestaganj Upazila (sub-district) was formed out of southern parts of Habiganj Sadar Upazila , officially becoming Bangladesh's 492nd upazila. According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh , Shayestaganj Upazila had 12,775 households and

1608-652: The Eastern Ganga dynasty. It was completed by his descendant, Anangabhima Deva, in the 12th century. The wooden images of Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra were then deified here. The temple was under the control of the Hindu rulers up to 1558. Then, when Orissa was occupied by the Afghan Nawab of Bengal, it was brought under the control of the Afghan General Kalapahad. Following the defeat of

1675-600: The Hindu scriptures such as the Rigveda , Matsya purana , Brahma Purana , Narada Purana , Padma Purana , Skanda Purana , Kapila Purana and Niladrimahodaya. In the Rigveda, in particular, it is mentioned as a place called Purushamandama-grama meaning the place where the Creator deity of the world – Supreme Divinity deified on an altar or mandapa was venerated near the coast and prayers offered with Vedic hymns . Over time

1742-799: The Markandeya Tank, the Swetaganga Tank, and the Bay of Bengal also called the Mahodadhi , in Sanskrit 'Mahodadhi' means a "great ocean"; all are considered sacred bathing spots in the Swargadwara area. These tanks have perennial sources of supply from rainfall and ground water. The Gundicha Temple, known as the Garden House of Jagannatha, stands in the centre of a garden, bounded by compound walls on all sides. It lies at

1809-489: The Mauza Sipaurubilla on the west, Mauza Gopinathpur in the north and Mauza Balukhand in the east. It is within the 67 kilometres (42 mi) coastal stretch of sandy beaches that extends between Chilika Lake and the south of Puri city. However, the administrative jurisdiction of the Puri Municipality extends over an area of 16.3268 square kilometres (6.3038 sq mi) spread over 30 wards, which includes

1876-678: The car festival, held in the June–July, which is attended by more than 1 million people. The Jagannath Temple triad are normally worshipped in the sanctum of the temple at Puri, but once during the month of Asadha (rainy season of Orissa, usually in June or July), they are brought out on the Bada Danda (main street of Puri) and taken over a distance of (3 kilometres (1.9 mi)) to the Gundicha Temple in huge chariots ( ratha ), allowing

1943-490: The city and provides employment to the people of the town. Agricultural production of rice, ghee, vegetables and so forth of the region meet the large requirements of the temple. Many settlements around the town exclusively cater to the other religious requirements of the temple. The temple administration employs 6,000 men to perform the rituals. The temple also provides economic sustenance to 20,000 people. According to Colleen Taylor Sen , an author on food and travel, writing on

2010-410: The city to the Puri Municipality. This body is represented by elected representatives with a Chairperson and councilors representing the 30 wards within the municipal limits. The electricity is provided by Tata Power Central Odisha Distribution Limited in the city and the entire district. The economy of Puri is dependent on tourism to the extent of about 80 percent. The temple is the focal point of

2077-598: The early 19th century with the objective of looting the treasures of the temple. Odisha, including Puri and its temple, were part of British India from 1803 until India attained independence in August 1947. Even though princely states do not exist in India today, the heirs of the House of Gajapati still perform the ritual duties of the temple. The temple town has many Hindu religious matha s or monasteries. The economy of Puri

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2144-455: The eastern corner of the Jagannath Temple, is reported to have been built in the 16th century during the reign of kings of Suryavamsi Gajapatis . The Matha was in the news on 25 February 2011 for the large cache of 522 silver slabs unearthed from a closed chamber. The British conquered Orissa in 1803, and, recognizing the importance of the Jagannath Temple in the life of the people of the state, they initially appointed an official to look after

2211-560: The end of March 2017. Non-Hindus are not permitted to enter the shrines but are allowed to view the temple and the proceedings from the roof of the Raghunandan library, located within the precincts of the temple, for a small donation. Puri, located on the east coast of India on the Bay of Bengal , is in the centre of the Puri district . It is delimited by the Bay of Bengal on the southeast,

2278-472: The era of governors. For the people of Puri, Jagannatha , visualized as Krishna , is synonymous with their city. They believe that Jagannatha looks after the welfare of the state. However, after the partial collapse of the Jagannath Temple (in the Amalaka part of the temple) on 14 June 1990, people became apprehensive and considered it a bad omen for Odisha. The replacement of the fallen stone by another of

2345-430: The faith leading him to be regarded by local people as a guru . He died on 25 September 1953, aged eighty-seven. Puri Puri , also known as, Jagannath Puri , ( Odia: [ˈpuɾi] ) is a coastal city and a municipality in the state of Odisha in eastern India . It is the district headquarters of Puri district and is situated on the Bay of Bengal , 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of

2412-453: The food culture of India, the temple kitchen has 400 cooks serving food to as many as 100,000 people. According to J Mohapatra, Director, Ind Barath Power Infra Ltd (IBPIL), the kitchen is known as "a largest and biggest kitchen of the world." The Jagannath Temple at Puri is one of the major Hindu temples built in the Kalinga style of architecture. The temple tower, with a spire, rises to

2479-533: The garden, is surrounded by a wall which measures 430 by 320 feet (131 m × 98 m) with height of 20 feet (6.1 m). Except for the 9-day Ratha Yatra, when the triad images are worshipped in the Gundicha Temple, otherwise it remains unoccupied for the rest of the year. Tourists can visit the temple after paying an entry fee. Foreigners (generally prohibited entry in the main temple) are allowed inside this temple during this period. The temple

2546-501: The heirs of the Puri Estate still perform the ritual duties of the temple; the king formally sweeps the road in front of the chariots before the start of the Ratha Yatra . This ritual is called Cherra Pahanra. The history of Puri is on the same lines as that of the Jagannath Temple, which was invaded 18 times during its history to plunder the treasures of the temple, rather than for religious reasons. The first invasion occurred in

2613-406: The heritage cities for Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme of Government of India. Puri is a significant part of the "Krishna pilgrimage circuit" which also includes Mathura , Vrindavan , Barsana , Gokul , Govardhan , Kurukshetra and Dwarka . Puri, the holy land of Jagannatha , also known by the popular vernacular name Srikshetram, has many ancient names in

2680-508: The history of Sylhet, termed the Srihatter Itibritta . The text was published in two volumes. The first, released in 1910, focused its early chapters on the geography of Sylhet before chronicling the development of the region. This continued on in the second volume, published six years later, which also included the genealogies of prominent Sylheti families, as well as over a hundred short biographies of notable personages. The work

2747-516: The idol of Jagannatha which the Brahmins claimed were the bones of Krishna. Even during Maurya king Ashoka 's reign in 240 BC, Kalinga was a Buddhist center and that a tribe known as Lohabahu (barbarians from outside Odisha) converted to Buddhism and built a temple with a statue of Buddha which is now worshipped as Jagannatha. Wilkinson also says that the Lohabahu deposited some Buddha relics in

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2814-601: The images of the brothers have human arms, while that of Subhadra does not have any arms. The heads are large, painted and non-carved. The faces are marked with distinctive large circular eyes. Hindus consider it essential to bathe in the Pancha Tirtha or the five sacred bathing spots of Puri, to complete a pilgrimage to Puri. The five sacred water bodies are the Indradyumana Tank, the Rohini Kunda,

2881-623: The last of these, he established a temple out of his own expenses. In 1897, he began his career as a teacher in Girish Middle English School in Sylhet, before later being appointed treasurer of the landed estate in Patharkandi . In 1897, Choudhury establish a monthly newspaper called Srihatter Durpun , though this ceased publication after only two years. A decade later, he began his magnum opus, an extensive work on

2948-482: The name and order of the gates. A pillar made of fossilized wood is used for placing lamps as offering. The Lion Gate (Singhadwara) is the main gate to the temple, which is guarded by two guardian deities Jaya and Vijaya . The main gate is ascended through 22 steps known as Baisi Pahaca , which are revered, as it is believed to possess "spiritual animation". Children are made to roll down these steps, from top to bottom, to bring them spiritual happiness. After entering

3015-459: The name got changed to Purushottama Puri and further shortened to Puri, and the Purusha came to be known as Jagannatha. Sages like Bhrigu , Atri and Markandeya had their hermitage close to this place. Its name is mentioned, conforming to the deity worshipped, as Srikshetra , Purusottama Dhāma, Purusottama Kshetra , Purusottama Puri and Jagannath Puri . Puri, however, is the popular usage. It

3082-528: The night at Dwarka and does penance at Badrinath . In the 16th century, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu of Bengal established the Bhakti movements of India, now known by the name the Hare Krishna movement . He spent many years as a devotee of Jagannatha at Puri; he is said to have merged with the deity. There is also a matha of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu here known as Radhakanta Math . In the 17th century, for

3149-417: The original Shayesta Miah's Bazar which eventually grew coming to be known as Shayestaganj. Syed Shayesta was the son of Syed Hamid Raja of Laskarpur Haveli - the ninth descendant of Syed Nasiruddin , a military commander who established the feudal state of Taraf following its capture in 1304. He had no children, and so his wealth and possessions were inherited by his wife following his death. The courthouse

3216-547: The pilgrims, apart from security, gets priority attention. The civic administration of Puri is the responsibility of the Puri Municipality. The municipality came into existence in 1864 in the name of the Puri Improvement Trust, which was converted into Puri Municipality in 1881. After India's independence in 1947, the Orissa Municipal Act (1950) was promulgated entrusting the administration of

3283-532: The precincts of the temple. Construction of the present Jagannath Temple started in 1136 AD and completed towards the latter part of the 12th century. The Eastern Ganga king Anangabhima III dedicated his kingdom to Jagannatha, then known as the Purushottama-Jagannatha, and resolved that from then on he and his descendants would rule under "divine order as Jagannatha's sons and vassals". Even though princely states do not exist in India today,

3350-399: The priests and the servitors of the temple. Destruction of the temple was prevented by timely resistance or surrender by the kings of the region. However, the treasures of the temple were repeatedly looted. The table lists all the 18 invasions along with the status of the three images of the temple, the triad of Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra following each invasion. Puri is the site of

3417-483: The principal organisations that are devolved with the responsibility of providing for civic amenities such as water supply, sewerage, waste management, street lighting and infrastructure of roads. The major activity, which puts maximum pressure on these organisations, is the annual event of the Ratha Yatra held during June- July. According to the Puri Municipality more than a million people attend this event. Hence, development activities such as infrastructure and amenities to

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3484-496: The public to have darśana (holy view). This festival is known as the Ratha Yatra, meaning the journey ( yatra ) of the chariots. The yatra starts every year according to the Hindu calendar on the Asadha Sukla Dwitiya day, the second day of bright fortnight of Asadha (June–July). Historically, the ruling Ganga dynasty instituted the Ratha Yatra on the completion of the Jagannath Temple around 1150 AD. This festival

3551-502: The reign of King Narasimha II (1278–1308) of Eastern Ganga dynasty . According to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system the climate of Puri is classified as Aw (Tropical savanna climate). The city has moderate and tropical climate. Humidity is fairly high throughout the year. The temperature during summer touches a maximum of 36 °C (97 °F) and during winter it is 17 °C (63 °F). The average annual rainfall

3618-482: The sailors sailing on the east coast of India, the temple served as a landmark, being located in a plaza in the centre of the city, which they called the "White Pagoda" while the Konark Sun Temple , 60 kilometres (37 mi) away to the east of Puri, was known as the "Black Pagoda". The iconic representation of the images in the Jagannath temple is believed to be the forms derived from the worship made by

3685-580: The same size and weight (7 tonnes (7.7 tons)), that could be done only in the early morning hours after the temple gates were opened, was done on 28 February 1991. Puri has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of the Indian Government. It is chosen as one of the 12 heritage cities with "focus on holistic development" to be implemented within 27 months by

3752-464: The state capital of Bhubaneswar . It is home to the 12th-century Jagannath Temple and is one of the original Char Dham pilgrimage sites for Hindus . Puri has been known by several names since ancient times, and was locally known as "Sri Kshetra" and the Jagannath temple is known as "Badadeula". Puri and the Jagannath Temple were invaded 18 times by Muslim rulers, from the 7th century AD until

3819-481: The streams. Because of the sand hills, the Bhargavi River, flowing to the south of Puri, moved away towards the Chilika Lake . This shift also resulted in the creation of two lagoons , known as Sar and Samang, on the eastern and northern parts of Puri respectively. Sar lagoon has a length of 5 miles (8.0 km) in an east–west direction and a width of 2 miles (3.2 km) in north–south direction. The estuary of

3886-487: The temple's affairs and later declared the temple as part of a district. In 1906, Sri Yukteswar , an exponent of Kriya Yoga and a resident of Puri, established an ashram , a spiritual training center, named "Karar Ashram" in Puri. He died on 9 March 1936 and his body is buried in the garden of the ashram. The city is the site of the former summer residence of British Raj, the Raj Bhavan , built in 1913–14 during

3953-803: The temple, each gate located at the central part of the walls. These gates are: the eastern gate called the Singhadwara (Lions Gate), the southern gate known as Ashwa Dwara (Horse Gate), the western gate called the Vyaghra Dwara (Tigers Gate) or the Khanja Gate, and the northern gate called the Hathi Dwara or (elephant gate). These four gates symbolize the four fundamental principles of Dharma (right conduct), Jnana (knowledge), Vairagya (renunciation) and Aishwarya (prosperity). The gates are crowned with pyramid shaped structures. There

4020-432: The temple, on the left side, there is a large kitchen where food is prepared in hygienic conditions in huge quantities; the kitchen is called as "the biggest hotel of the world". According to a legend King Indradyumma was directed by Jagannatha in a dream to build a temple for him which he did as directed. However, according to historical records the temple was started some time during the 12th century by King Chodaganga of

4087-504: The tribal groups of Sabaras belonging to northern Odisha. These images are replaced at regular intervals as the wood deteriorates. This replacement is a special event carried out ritualistically by special group of carpenters. The city has many other Mathas as well. The Emar Matha was founded by the Tamil Vaishnava saint Ramanujacharya in the 12th century AD. This Matha, which is now located in front of Simhadvara across

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4154-402: Was a Bengali writer and historian. Though he wrote several books regarding Vaishnav Hinduism , Choudhury is most well known for his monumental work on the history of the Sylhet region , the Srihatter Itibritta . Born in the village of Moina in Karimganj (then part of the District of Sylhet ), he was the son of Aditya Charan Choudhury and his wife Kotimoni. Through his father, Choudhury

4221-400: Was a descendant of the Zamindars of Jafargarh. As a child, while he received some primary education, Choudhury also taught himself history and religion, with a special focus on literature and Vaishnav theory. The latter proved of particular importance in adulthood when he converted to the faith, performing pilgrimages to holy sites in places such as Puri , Vrindavan and Dhakadakkhin. In

4288-450: Was auctioned and eventually purchased by a Babu named Hargovinda Roy. The building became popularly known by the locals as the "auctioned courthouse" . During colonial British rule, a railway junction was founded in Shayestaganj as part of the Assam Bengal Railway project. As a result, Shayestaganj continued to expand and a new market place arose in nearby Dawudnagar. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, modern-day Shayestaganj

4355-502: Was known as Purushottama. In the Sanskrit drama Anargha Raghava Nataka as well, authored by Murari Mishra, a playwright, in the 8th century AD, it is referred to as Purushottama. It was only after the 12th century AD that Puri came to be known by the shortened form of Jagannatha Puri, named after the deity or in a short form as Puri. It is the only shrine in India, where Radha , along with Lakshmi , Saraswati , Durga , Bhudevi , Sati , Parvati , and Shakti , abodes with Krishna , who

4422-404: Was under Sector 3 , commanded by K. M. Shafiullah and later A. N. M. Nuruzzaman . The armed Bengali freedom fighters successfully blew up a train by an anti-tank mine near this area. On 1 or 2 May, Ramiz Uddin and others set up a camp near the rail line on the banks of the Khowai River, and gained control of Balumara Forest Office and nearby areas. Abdus Salam and other freedom fighters destroyed

4489-452: Was widely praised at the time of its release, with the contemporary historian Jadunath Sarkar applauding its "ideal technique" in chronicling regional history. The Srihatter Itibritta remains a lauded and popular work to the present-day. Choudhury maintained an extensive personal library composed of three thousand books and manuscripts regarding history and religion. He also wrote a series of books on Vaishnav theology, with his devotion to

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