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66-513: Sport England is a non-departmental public body under the Department for Culture, Media and Sport . Its role is to build the foundations of a community sport system by working with national governing bodies of sport, and other funded partners, to grow the number of people doing sport; sustain participation levels; and help more talented people from all diverse backgrounds excel by identifying them early, nurturing them, and helping them move up to

132-674: A non-ministerial government department being at a remove from both ministers and any elected assembly or parliament. Typically an NDPB would be established under statute and be accountable to Parliament rather than to His Majesty's Government . This arrangement allows more financial independence since the government is obliged to provide funding to meet statutory obligations. NDPBs are sometimes referred to as quangos . However, this term originally referred to quasi-NGOs bodies that are, at least ostensibly, non-government organisations , but nonetheless perform governmental functions. The backronym "quasi-autonomous national government organization"

198-588: A private finance initiative scheme: Prescription charges were abolished in Scotland in 2011. Alex Neil defended the abolition in 2017 saying that restoring the charge would be a false economy , "Given that it costs on average £4,500 per week to keep patients in an acute hospital in Scotland, it's actually cheaper to keep them at home and give them the drugs to prevent them going into hospital." The National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 introduced GP fundholding for certain elective procedures on

264-423: A comprehensive medical record, usually affording some continuity of care. There is no option to self-refer to specialists in Scotland unlike many European countries. GP surgeries consist of partner GPs who are responsible for running the practice, and may include GPs employed by the practice and paid a salary, but who do not have any responsibility in running the surgery. In some instances, GPs are directly employed by

330-449: A deficiency in the panel system , which required workers who earned less than £160 per year to pay 4d per week. Fourpence per week was beyond the means of most crofters at the time, who were subsistence farmers but often provided many troops for British armed forces. Average crofting families' income in some areas could be as low as £26 per annum (10/- or 120d per week) or even lower. The additional challenges of delivering medical care in

396-860: A detailed plan for the future of health provision based on the Cathcart report. Following the publication of the Beveridge Report in 1942, the UK Government responded with a white paper , A National Health Service ( Cmd. 6502) in 1944 led by the Conservative MP and Minister for Health Henry Willink . In its introduction, the white paper laid out the Government's intention to have the new health service operate in Scotland-- The UK Parliament passed

462-400: A fifth category: NHS bodies . These bodies consist of boards which advise ministers on particular policy areas. They are often supported by a small secretariat from the parent department, and any expenditure is paid for by that department. These bodies usually deliver a particular public service and are overseen by a board rather than ministers. Appointments are made by ministers following

528-532: A new national Centre for Sustainable Delivery was established to bring together national programmes for scheduled and unscheduled care, waiting times and best practice – and ensure health boards are implementing them. There are 14 health boards (HBs) which are the upper tier of the Scottish health care system, reporting directly to the Scottish Government. They were created in 1974 as a result of

594-540: A plan for improving oral health and modernising dental practices was put into place, known as 'Childsmile', which provides preventive care such as proper brushing technique, tooth varnish and dietary advice. This has resulted in 60% of children in Scotland having no obvious signs of tooth decay. An incentive programme for GPs was established in 2004, known as the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) were introduced in order to reward and incentivize good practice and provided

660-422: A prescription at very low prices in most chemists and supermarkets. Most optometrists in Scotland also provide NHS services, and provide eye examinations , which includes retinal health checks and other eye screening services in addition to sight tests. Entitlements are mainly for corrective lenses and a predetermined set of frames - which were once known as 'NHS glasses' which attracted some social stigma until

726-685: A statutory consultee on planning applications that affect playing fields, under SI No. 1817 (1996). The funding it distributes comes from both HM Treasury and the National Lottery . Since 1997, it has invested over £2 billion of Lottery funds and £300 million from the Exchequer into sports in England. Sport England is organised into nine regions. Following restructuring in 2009, its former regional sports boards have been disbanded and regional staffing considerably reduced. Closer working with

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792-466: A ten-digit number known as the CHI Number . These are used to uniquely identify individuals, avoiding problems such as where health records of people with similar birth dates and names may be confused, or where ambiguously spelled or abbreviated names may lead to one patient having several different health records. In addition, CHI numbers are quoted in all clinical correspondence to ensure that there

858-442: A voluntary basis. Fundholding gave GPs significant influence over Trusts' decision making as a significant source of funding. GP Fundholding was subsequently abolished with the function transferring to Primary Care Trusts in 1998. In 2001, NHS 24 , was established to provide advice and triage services for patients outside of the 'core hours' of 08:00–18:30 on any working day. They can also advise of pharmacy opening hours. In 2002,

924-624: A way for GP surgeries to increase their income. This was abolished in Scotland in 2015 as QOF compliance was a significant administrative burden for GPs. The Scottish Government and the British Medical Association agreed the 2018 Scottish General Medical Services Contract that came in to force 1 April 2018. In 2008, the Scottish Government introduced the Scottish Patient Safety Programme, which aimed to reduced iatrogenic illness by changing

990-453: A way that might improve public representation. This plan was abandoned in 2013 after trials in Fife and Dumfries and Galloway resulted in low voter turnout . Local health boards are supported by seven national special health boards providing national services, some of which have further publicised subdivisions, including: The seven boards are supported by Public Health Scotland , which

1056-458: Is a substantial effort to develop a drone delivery service. The University of Strathclyde , NHS Grampian , NATS Holdings , AGS Airports and other partners form a consortium, Care and Equity – Healthcare Logistics UAS Scotland known as 'CAELUS' which has designed drone landing stations for NHS sites across Scotland and developed a virtual model of the proposed delivery network. It is testing whether drones will improve logistics services, including

1122-520: Is an estimate that helps to take account of full and part-time work patterns. Scotland's healthcare workforce includes: Prior to the creation of NHS in Scotland in 1948, the state was involved with the provision of healthcare, though it was not universal. Half of Scotland's landmass was already covered by the Highlands and Islands Medical Service , a state-funded health system run directly from Edinburgh, which had been set up 35 years earlier to address

1188-632: Is no uncertainty over the patient in question. A similar system of NHS reference numbers has since been instituted by NHS England and Wales. In 2000, the NHS boards were starting to help out researchers with their studies. The Scottish Dental Practice Board , for example, was helping out a study which looked at the significance of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The SDPB shared 128 subjects with these researchers for analysis. The SNP led Scottish Government, elected in May 2007, made it clear that it opposed

1254-664: Is responsible for public health, including national health protection, and health education from April 2020) NHS Health Scotland , Health Protection Scotland and Information Services Division were succeeded by Public Health Scotland in April 2020. This new agency is a collaborative approach by both the Scottish Government and COSLA as a result of the Public Health Reform Programme. The NHS in Scotland does have some services provided by

1320-678: Is the publicly–funded healthcare system in Scotland and one of the four systems that make up the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. It operates 14 territorial NHS boards across Scotland, supported by seven special non-geographic health boards, and Public Health Scotland . At the founding of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom, three separate institutions were created in Scotland, England and Wales and Northern Ireland . The NHS in Scotland

1386-516: Is used in this usage which is normally pejorative. In March 2009 there were nearly 800 public bodies that were sponsored by the UK Government. This total included 198 executive NDPBs, 410 advisory bodies, 33 tribunals, 21 public corporations, the Bank of England , 2 public broadcasting authorities and 23 NHS bodies. However, the classification is conservative and does not include bodies that are

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1452-644: The Conservatives' complacency in power in the 1990s, presented much material interpreted as evidence of questionable government practices. This concern led to the formation of a Committee on Standards in Public Life (the Nolan Committee) which first reported in 1995 and recommended the creation of a "public appointments commissioner" to make sure that appropriate standards were met in the appointment of members of NDPBs. The Government accepted

1518-802: The General Dental Council , optometrists by the General Optical Council , pharmacists by the General Pharmaceutical Council , and allied health professionals by the Health and Care Professions Council . Inspection of premises is undertaken by Healthcare Environment Inspectorate and the Care Inspectorate . There are separate institutions, independent of government such as Academy of Medical Royal Colleges and Faculties in Scotland ,

1584-635: The Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London. These trusts also treat patients from healthcare systems outside the UK. The Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland is an independent statutory body which protects people with a psychological disorder who are not able to look after their own interests. It is funded through the Scottish Government Health & Social Care Directorate, and follows

1650-428: The National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947 , which came into effect on 5 July 1948. This foundational legislation has since been superseded. This Act provided a uniform national structure for services which had previously been provided by a combination of the Highlands and Islands Medical Service , local government, charities and private organisations which in general was only free for emergency use. The new system

1716-624: The National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1972 and are based on groups of the local government districts that existed between 1975 and 1996. There were initially 15 HBs in 1974 but the Argyll and Clyde HB was abolished and its area absorbed into the Highland and Greater Glasgow HBs on 1 April 2006, with the latter renamed to NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. The part of the NHS Argyll and Clyde area which transferred to NHS Highland corresponds to

1782-589: The National Waiting Times centre to address waiting lists and limit use of the private sector. To have access to NHS services, patients should register with a General Practice . Most often this will be an independent contractor who has agreed to provide general medical services to patients, funded on a capitation basis, with weighting given for the age distribution, poverty, and rurality. Various services are provided free of charge by General Practitioners (GPs), who are responsible for maintaining

1848-755: The Nuffield Trust and the Health Foundation produced a report comparing the performance of the NHS in the four countries of the UK since devolution in 1999. They included data for the North East of England as an area more similar to the devolved areas than the rest of England. They found that there was little evidence that any one country was moving ahead of the others consistently across the available indicators of performance. There had been improvements in all four countries in life expectancy and in rates of mortality amenable to health care. Despite

1914-578: The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh , the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh , and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow which are distinct from their counterparts elsewhere in the United Kingdom which support professionals in Scotland. Other subdivisions of the Scottish NHS include: During the COVID-19 pandemic , NHS Scotland established Test and Protect as

1980-530: The Scottish Parliament . It is currently administered through the Health and Social Care Directorates of the Scottish Government . The current Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care is Neil Gray , and the head of staff is the director-general health and social care and chief executive of NHS Scotland, Caroline Lamb. NHS Scotland had an operating budget of £ 15.3   billion in 2020/21. Health and social care are devolved issues in

2046-561: The Argyll and Bute council area. According to Public Health Scotland data, the 2019 population sizes of the regional health boards were estimated to be: In January 2008, the Scottish Government announced plans for legislation to bring in direct elections as a way to select people for non-executive positions on health boards. The Health Committee of the Scottish Parliament had supported plans for directly elected members as

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2112-739: The British government in 1965. Archives of The Sports Council are held at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham. The archives include administrative papers, reports, financial records, correspondence, and collected printed material from the 1940s to 2001. Non-departmental public body The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters ( BBC , Channel 4 , and S4C ). The UK Government classifies bodies into four main types. The Scottish Government also has

2178-647: The Code of Practice of the Commissioner for Public Appointments . They employ their own staff and allocate their own budgets. These bodies have jurisdiction over an area of the law . They are coordinated by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service , an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice , and supervised by the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council , itself an NDPB sponsored by

2244-556: The Ministry of Justice. These bodies were formerly known as "boards of visitors" and are responsible for the state of prisons, their administration, and the treatment of prisoners. The Home Office is responsible for their costs and has to note all expenses. NDPB differ from executive agencies as they are not created to carry out ministerial orders or policy, instead they are more or less self-determining and enjoy greater independence. They are also not directly part of government like

2310-436: The NHS in England – such as NHS Business Services Authority , which processes the payment of dental, optical and pharmacy vouchers and negotiates with pharmaceutical suppliers to negotiate prices per-item down. The costs for the medicines consumed is borne by the health board that patient's GP surgery is based in. Some very complex, low volume, highly-specialist hospital services are also provided by NHS trusts in England, such as

2376-490: The NHS treatment and pays for the composite restoration as temporary private patient, but remains an NHS patient for future checkups. Community pharmacies in Scotland also provide prescribed medicines free of charge, where the patient is registered with a GP Surgery based in Scotland, and where the appropriate prescription-voucher is given. Like GPs, they are private providers who deliver NHS services under contract. Pharmacists are increasingly delivering services which were once

2442-700: The Scottish Parliament Acted to introduce free personal care for patients aged over 65 in Community Care and Health (Scotland) Act 2002. The Scottish Parliament abolished Primary Care Trusts in the National Health Service Reform (Scotland) Act 2004, which abolished the internal market in Scotland and replaced NHS Trusts with 15 territorial health boards. In 2004, GPs were no longer required to provide out of hours services unless they opted into doing so. In 2005,

2508-608: The UK's Conservative-Liberal coalition published a review of NDPBs recommending closure or merger of nearly two hundred bodies, and the transfer of others to the private sector. This process was colloquially termed the "bonfire of the quangos". NDPBs are classified under code S.13112 of the European System of Accounts (ESA.95). However, Statistics UK does not break out the detail for these bodies and they are consolidated into General Government (S.1311). NHS Scotland NHS Scotland , sometimes styled NHSScotland ,

2574-475: The UK. According to the Cabinet Office their total expenditure for the financial year 2005–06 was £167 billion. As of March 2020, there were 237 non-departmental public bodies. Critics argued that the system was open to abuse as most NDPBs had their members directly appointed by government ministers without an election or consultation with the people. The press , critical of what was perceived as

2640-474: The United Kingdom and the separate public healthcare bodies of Scotland, England and Wales are each commonly referred to as " National Health Service ". The NHS in Scotland was created as an administratively separate organisation in 1948 under the ministerial oversight of the Scottish Office , before being politically devolved in 1999. This separation of powers and financing is not always apparent to

2706-538: The criteria based approach to the Ten Principles of Active Design. The revised Active Design was published in 2015, and was supported by Public Health England . Derek Mapp resigned as Chair of Sport England on 29 November 2007 after 13 months in the post, claiming he had been forced to leave his position by James Purnell , the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport , in a dispute over funding. Mapp

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2772-611: The elite level. Chris Boardman is the Chairman of Sport England and Natalie Ceeney is Vice Chair. Sport England was established as the English Sports Council in September 1996 as an executive non-departmental public body by royal charter . It began operating in 1997 as Sport England. It has two statutory, functions: (1) a lottery distributor for sport; and (2) the protection of playing fields, through its role as

2838-428: The general public due to the co-ordination and co-operation where cross-border emergency care is involved. Approximately 160,000 staff work across 14 regional NHS Boards, seven Special NHS Boards and one public health body, More than 12,000 of these healthcare staff are engaged under independent contractor arrangements. Descriptions of staff numbers can be expressed as headcount and by Whole-Time Equivalent (WTE) which

2904-423: The hotly contested policy differences between the four countries there was little evidence, where there was comparable data, of any significant differences in outcomes. The authors also complained about the increasingly limited set of comparable data on the four health systems of the UK. In 2014–2015 more than 7,500 NHS patients were treated in private hospitals to meet waiting times targets. Dr. Peter Bennie, of

2970-467: The local health board, such as in parts of the Highlands and Islands. The NHS in Scotland also covers dentistry for patients who have registered with a dentist who has agreed to provide services to NHS patients. Most dentists in Scotland have a mixture of NHS patients and private patients . Check-ups are free, however dentists charge patients a regulated fee. Patients in Scotland must pay up to 80% of

3036-412: The management of NHS boards. Local authority nominees were added to board membership to improve co-ordination of health and social care . The remaining 16 Trusts were dissolved from 1 April 2004. Hospitals are now managed by the acute division of the NHS board. Primary care services such as GPs and pharmacies would continue to be contracted through the NHS board, but from 2004 were considered part of

3102-530: The nation's sports club infrastructure is safer, stronger and more successful". As of April 2015 over 12,000 clubs had the Clubmark accreditation. The Sport England logo is based on the 'sport for all' logo which was used from the 1970s onwards. In 1997, the English Sports Council replaced the previous administrative body known as The Sports Council. The Sports Council was first appointed by

3168-539: The national contact tracing service to minimise the spread of the virus within Scotland. The Central Register keeps records of patients resident in Scotland who have been registered with any of the health systems of the United Kingdom. It is maintained by the Registrar General . Its purposes include keeping GPs' patient lists up to date, the control of new NHS numbers issued in Scotland and assisting with medical research. Scottish patients are identified using

3234-443: The public find sports facilities anywhere in England. Searching can be through an interactive map, within a given locality or to discover more information about a known facility location. In 2007 Sport England produced Active Design, which provided a set of design guidelines to help promote opportunities for sport and physical activity in the design and layout of new development. The guide was revised, retaining 'The 3 A's' and refining

3300-676: The range of frames was extended. Hospital services are delivered directly by the National Health Service in Scotland. Since devolution, Scottish healthcare policy has been to move away from market-based solutions and towards direct delivery, rather than using the private or voluntary sectors. Proposals for the establishment of fifteen NHS boards were announced by the Scottish Executive Health Department in December 2000. Further details about

3366-686: The recommendation, and the Office of the Commissioner for Public Appointments was established in November 1995. While in opposition, the Labour Party promised to reduce the number and power of NDPBs. The use of NDPBs continued under the Labour government in office from 1997 to 2010, though the political controversy associated with NDPBs in the mid-1990s for the most part died away. In 2010

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3432-465: The remit of Community Health Partnerships (CHPs), structures based largely on local authority boundaries and including local authority membership of their boards. By April 2014, there were new joint working arrangements in place between the NHS boards and local authorities came into effect that also included responsibility for social care. Their new organisations, which took over from CHPs are called Health and Social Care Partnerships (HSCPs). In 2021

3498-450: The responsibilities of GPs, such as flu vaccinations as well as offering advice on skin problems, gastrointestinal problems and other minor illnesses. Pharmacies in Scotland are frequently located inside Chemists' shops and supermarkets. While there are no prescription charges in Scotland, prescription-vouchers are not ordinarily given in Scotland for certain medicines - such as acetominophen and ibuprofen - as these are available without

3564-546: The responsibility of devolved government , various lower tier boards (including a considerable number within the NHS), and also other boards operating in the public sector (e.g. school governors and police authorities). These appointed bodies performed a large variety of tasks, for example health trusts , or the Welsh Development Agency , and by 1992 were responsible for some 25% of all government expenditure in

3630-415: The role and function of the unified NHS health boards were provided in May 2001. From 1 October 2001 each geographical health board area had a single NHS board that was responsible for improving health and health services across their local area, replacing the previous decision-making structures of 43 separate boards and trusts. In April 2004, Scotland's health care system became an integrated service under

3696-506: The safety culture to be more in line with the aviation industry, by providing clinicians with skills in improvement methodology and root cause analysis. In 2022 an extra £82.6   million was announced to bolster pharmacy support for repeat prescriptions and medication reviews in GP practices. The same year, NHS Scotland recruited 191 nurses from overseas. The nurses were recruited from several countries, including India and Philippines. A plan

3762-548: The same financial framework as the NHS in Scotland. The Scottish Health Council took over from local Health Councils on 31 March 2005. Regulation of most medical practitioners is a reserved matter, with doctors regulated by the General Medical Council of the United Kingdom, nurses by the Nursing and Midwifery Council , dentists, dental therapists, dental hygienists, dental technicians and dental nurses by

3828-776: The sparsely populated highlands and islands with poor infrastructure were also funded by the Highlands and Islands Medical Service. During the Second World War, the Emergency Hospital Service (Scotland) built many hospitals intended to treat wartime casualties and injuries. These hospitals initially lay idle and so the Scottish Secretary at the time decided to use the hospital capacity to reduce long waiting lists for treatment. Scotland also had its own distinctive medical tradition, centred on its medical schools rather than private practice, and

3894-416: The sports national governing bodies (NGBs) is key to its new strategy to achieve its target of one million people doing more sport by 2012–13. It is encourages sports venues to enhance their development potential by registering under Sport England's SASP (significant areas for sport) programme as either a national or regional centre for their particular sport. Its 'Active Places' website is designed to help

3960-430: The total cost of the treatment unless they qualify for free treatment or help with costs. Dentists are remunerated through a voucher towards treatment and patients can choose to have more expensive treatments if they are willing and able to do so. This is mostly commonly seen with dental amalgam restorations on molars, which are available on the NHS, whereas composite resin restorations are not. The patient 'opts-out' of

4026-405: The transport of laboratory samples, blood products, chemotherapy and medicines. It is hoped that this will provide equity of care between urban and remote rural communities. At present patients in remote areas may have to travel for hours to reach a hospital able to provide specialised treatment. Skyports , a drone operator, is running flight trials and live flights should start in 2023. In 2014

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4092-430: The use of partnerships between the NHS and the private sector. Health Secretary Nicola Sturgeon voiced opposition to what she termed the "creeping privatisation" of the NHS, and called an end to the use of public money to help the private sector "compete" with the NHS. In September 2008, the Scottish Government announced that parking charges at hospitals were to be abolished except 3 where the car parks were managed under

4158-473: Was accountable to the Secretary of State for Scotland rather than the Secretary of State for Health as in England and Wales. Prior to 1948, a publicly funded healthcare system, the Highlands and Islands Medical Service , had been established in Scotland in 1913, recognising the geographical and demographic challenges of delivering healthcare in that region. Following Scottish devolution in 1999, health and social care policy and funding became devolved to

4224-640: Was funded from central taxation and did not generally involve a charge at the time of use for services concerned with existing medical conditions or vaccinations carried out as a matter of general public health requirements; prescription charges were a later introduction in 1951. Current provision of healthcare is the responsibility of 14 geographically based local NHS boards, seven national special health boards, supported by Public Health Scotland , plus many small contractors for primary care services. Hospitals, district nursing services and healthcare planning are managed by health boards. Government policy has been to use

4290-485: Was made to hire another 203 foreign nurses through recruitment agencies. A contract was awarded to Inhealthcare for remote monitoring services across Scotland. This will enable patients to record relevant information at home and relay the readings to NHS teams for analysis using a mobile app or landline telephone. It will be used to manage hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, heart disease, diabetes, depression, malnutrition, cancer and COVID. There

4356-674: Was succeeded by Michael Farrar as interim chair from December 2007 to March 2009. Purnell appointed Richard Lewis (former Chief Executive of the Rugby Football League ) to review Sport England's funding priorities, and he was appointed chair on 1 April 2009. On 22 April 2013, Nick Bitel was appointed as new chairman, succeeding Richard Lewis. Clubmark is an accreditation which Sport England makes available to community sports clubs which fulfil certain criteria. Its declared aims are: "Higher standards of welfare, equity, coaching and management in community sports club" and "Making sure

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