Pay television , also known as subscription television , premium television or, when referring to an individual service, a premium channel , refers to subscription -based television services, usually provided by multichannel television providers, but also increasingly via digital terrestrial and streaming television . In the United States, subscription television began in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the form of encrypted analog over-the-air broadcast television which could be decrypted with special equipment. The concept rapidly expanded through the multi-channel transition and into the post-network era . Other parts of the world beyond the United States, such as France and Latin America have also offered encrypted analog terrestrial signals available for subscription.
129-507: Star Hub TV is a pay television service provided by StarHub in Singapore . It has been a subsidiary of StarHub Limited since StarHub acquired Singapore Cable Vision (SCV) in 2001, and was the sole pay-TV operator in the country until 2007 when mio TV (now Singtel TV ), an IPTV service from its competitor, Singtel , was launched. The company offers IPTV services via the optical fibre network. It also provides this service via
258-701: A colonel-in-chief of an Australian regiment, or to attend memorials and services such as the National Memorial Service for victims of the Black Saturday bushfires in Melbourne on 22 February 2009. In 1990 she became the first member of the royal family to make an official visit to the Soviet Union when she went there as a guest of President Mikhail Gorbachev and his government. In August 2016, she returned to Russia to visit
387-479: A concussion halfway through the course but remounted and finished the event; she has stated she cannot remember making the rest of the jumps. The British team had to pull out of the competition after two horses were injured. She finished fourth at the Badminton Horse Trials in 1974 and sixth in 1979, having participated five times in the competition between 1971 and 1979. In 1985, she rode in
516-469: A trial period , often one to three months, though there have been rare instances of free trials for pay services that last up to one year for newer subscribers to that provider's television service. Pay television has become popular with cable and satellite television . Pay television services often, at least two to three times per year, provide free previews of their services, in order to court potential subscribers by allowing this wider audience to sample
645-887: A 28% penetration rate out of the 25,000 homes that SCV marketed. An agreement was signed with the National Computer Board to provide internet services via television in April. As of January 1996, 52,271 homes in Tampines and Pasir Ris were connected to SCV. SCV expected to reach 250,000 homes by the end of 1996. Channel KTV, the karaoke channel, was added in February, as part of its basic package. The Eureka Learning Channel launched on 2 September 1996, with educational programming aimed at kids, teens and young adults, with twelve Singaporean programmes at launch and extensive international content. An experimental community channel
774-709: A banquet party held by SCV that evening, it was announced that after Tampines, the areas of Pasir Ris and Choa Chu Kang were the next to receive the service, and that installation would be done by Christmas. By then, 100,000 households were able to receive SCV. Negotiations with the Sega Channel were also underway. At the end of May, SCV had signed an agreement with Worldnet on 1 June with MTV, providing two channels in Mandarin and English, and on 6 June, with Australia Television International, which up until that point only had its news bulletin relayed on NewsVision. All of
903-583: A brief period of time to commemorate a holiday. Its first free preview was held between 28 May to 13 June due to a school holiday. Since then, a weeklong free previewing of channels were held on other major public holidays . On 31 May 2011, StarHub TV's Preview Channel (Channel 101) became ScreenSingapore Channel for a duration from 1 to 19 June, before reverting to Preview Channel. Many channels had, over time, ceased broadcast on StarHub TV to make way for newer channels, such as JimJam , JET TV , NEO Cricket , TTV World and MGM . On 15 February 2012, Playin' TV,
1032-553: A cable network, a Hong Kong consultant was appointed, ahead of the launch of the UHF service. The first of the three channels, NewsVision, came on air on 2 April 1992. Two further channels, VarietyVision and MovieVision, were to be launched on June 1. In December 1991, NewsVision won the rights to carry CNN International programming over BBC World Service Television's output. SBC and SCV were willing to find foreign partners. Initially, services were delivered over scrambled UHF signals, with
1161-573: A cabling rate of 20,000 homes per month. Deutsche Welle's channel was added on 1 June 1996 on the international tier. At the time, only 17.5% of subscribers had the package. A scandal erupted in August 1996 where TV3 complained about the fact that its terrestrial channel was available at a subscription (for the International Pack) of SCV, with the channel demanding it to be available in the free tier. TV3 claimed that SCV could not sue SCV as
1290-525: A channel provider. SCV announced in September 1994 that it would begin transmitting the three Malaysian terrestrial networks – TV1, TV2 and TV3 - as part of its network in 1995, ending Singapore's arms-length stance for the latter since its launch. There were also plans for a "City TV" community channel and interactive services at the long-term. All of its offerings, including the three Malaysian channels, were subject to negotiations and terms of acceptance by
1419-495: A charity event when a Ford Escort forced their Princess IV car to stop on The Mall . The driver of the Escort, Ian Ball, jumped out and began firing a pistol. Inspector James Beaton , Anne's personal protection officer, exited the car to shield her and to try to disarm Ball. Beaton's firearm, a Walther PPK , jammed, and he was shot by Ball, as was Anne's chauffeur, Alex Callender, when he tried to disarm Ball. Brian McConnell,
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#17327871770581548-755: A charity horse race at the Epsom Derby , finishing fourth. Anne assumed the presidency of the Fédération Équestre Internationale from 1986 until 1994. On 5 February 1987, she became the first member of the royal family to appear as a contestant on a television quiz show when she competed on the BBC panel game A Question of Sport . The princess has been a patron of the Riding for the Disabled Association since 1971 and became its president in 1985,
1677-406: A crude decrypting of the over-the-air television signal and a decoding box, but never caught on for use at that time. It took another four decades when cable broadcasters started using pay-per-view on a widespread basis. "Free" variants are free-to-air (FTA) and free-to-view (FTV); however, FTV services are normally encrypted and decryption cards either come as part of an initial subscription to
1806-600: A day, offering 30 movies per month, with the aim of increasing its daily schedule to 18 hours a day in January 1993. VarietyVision, broadcasting entirely in Chinese, carried programming from the Chinese world (the mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong) 18 hours a day Sundays to Fridays and 24 hours a day on Saturdays. Goldtron announced in June 1992 that it won a five-year technological contract for SCV. Its subsidiary Dynamar would supply
1935-663: A dog dangerously out of control, an offence under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 , and was fined £500. Anne is the seventh Princess Royal , an appellation given only to the eldest daughter of the Sovereign. The previous holder was King George V 's daughter, Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood , Anne's great-aunt. Anne is a Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter , an Extra Knight of
2064-632: A focus on their parent companies' libraries, with HBO Now replaced by HBO Max (now Max) in 2020 (which adds content from other Warner Bros. properties and third-parties, and would also be included with existing HBO subscriptions via television providers), and Showtime formally merging with Paramount+ in 2023. Canadian premium service The Movie Network similarly merged with the CraveTV service owned by parent company Bell Media in 2018. Pay-per-view (PPV) services are similar to subscription-based pay television services in that customers must pay to have
2193-513: A lower subscription fee. These are called "mini-pay" channels (a term also used for smaller scale commercial-free pay television services) and are often sold as a part of a package with numerous similarly priced channels. Usually, however, the regular pricing for premium channels ranges from just under $ 10 to near $ 25 per month per suite, with lower prices available via bundling options with cable or satellite providers, or special limited offers which are available during free preview periods or before
2322-535: A mix of original series, films, and specials. The shift towards SVOD has resulted in increasing competition within the sector, with media conglomerates having launched their own services (such as Disney+ , Paramount+ , Peacock , and Disney's acquisition of the majority of Hulu ) to compete, and existing premium networks such as HBO ( HBO Now ) and Showtime launching direct-to-consumer versions of their existing services to appeal to cord cutters . HBO and Showtime later absorbed their DTC offerings into wider services with
2451-546: A nearby tabloid journalist, also intervened, and was shot in the chest. Ball approached Anne's car and told her that he intended to kidnap her and hold her for ransom, the sum given by varying sources as £2 million or £3 million, which he claimed he intended to give to the National Health Service . Ball told Anne to get out of the car, to which she replied, "Not bloody likely!" She reportedly briefly considered hitting Ball. In 1983, she spoke about
2580-438: A new version of VarietyVision. Several channels were pending their approval - two karaoke channels (Channel K TV) in Mandarin and Cantonese (by August 1995), TV5 and Deutsche Welle (dependent on their launch on a satellite covering Asia, scheduled for 1996) and two HBO channels (pending additional negotiations). Subscription to the basic tier was required before gaining access to the higher tiers. The initial offer of 30 channels
2709-585: A non-exclusive basis. The channel was revived after StarHub TV acquired its rights to broadcast the 2018-19 season of UEFA Champions League . Rediffusion Singapore was added to StarHub TV in October 2010 as RediGold, the first FM channel to be broadcast on cable television; however, both Rediffusion and RediGold ceased transmission on 1 May 2012 due to a decline in listenership. Rediffusion resumed its transmission on 11 November 2013, but through internet. Since 2010, many channels were made for free-viewing for
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#17327871770582838-760: A package of four European films, in a country whose movie market is dominated by American and Hong Kong productions. In 2002, StarHub completed its merger with Singapore Cable Vision and has adopted its name until in 2007, where StarHub Cable Television was renamed to StarHub TV, its current name. StarHub launched its high-definition television service on 18 January 2007, being the first country in South East Asia to offer HD channels. Its initial channel line up were Discovery HD and National Geographic Channel HD. On 24 November 2007, StarHub began airing English Premier League games in HD. StarHub began adding more HD channels in
2967-426: A pay television bouquet – in other words, an offer of pay-TV channels – or can be purchased for a one-time cost. FTA and FTV systems may still have selective access. ABC Australia is one example, as much of its programming content is free-to-air except for National Rugby League (NRL) games, which are encrypted. Anne, Princess Royal Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950)
3096-539: A police state and cause mistrust between authorities and people. From March to September 1996, a special channel by SCV was broadcast on UHF channel 30 and on the Preview Channel (corresponding to VHF channel 4). Up until this point, the Preview Channel only carried excerpts of programmes. At the same time, SCV announced that its next phase in the cable rollout plan would be in Bukit Panjang ; wiring work
3225-411: A position she still holds. In June 2024, Anne was taken to Southmead Hospital with minor injuries and concussion believed to be caused by impact with a horse's legs or head. Anne met Mark Phillips , a lieutenant in the 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards , in 1968 at a party for horse lovers. Their engagement was announced on 29 May 1973. On 14 November 1973, the couple married at Westminster Abbey in
3354-475: A print ad from its technological suppliers, Jerrold and General Instrument. By month's end, 90% of Singaporean hotel guests now had interest in the service. SCV launched MovieVision and VarietyVision on 13 May 1992 (ahead of the initial 1 June target), this time with the goal of achieving 4,500 subscribers (three times the number of subscribers SCV had in May) by the end of June. MovieVision initially broadcast 12 hours
3483-529: A project aimed at raising funds for the museum's gallery space. She is also patron of the Royal College of Occupational Therapists, Royal College of Midwives , Royal College of Emergency Medicine , Magpas Air Ambulance , Edinburgh University 's Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , Royal Holloway, University of London , International Students House, London , Acid Survivors Trust International , Townswomen's Guilds , Citizens Advice ,
3612-757: A respected equestrian , winning one gold medal in 1971 and two silver medals in 1975 at the European Eventing Championships . In 1976 , she became the first member of the British royal family to compete in the Olympic Games . In 1988, the Princess Royal became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Anne performs official duties and engagements on behalf of the monarch. She
3741-693: A restriction as a few providers optionally sell that service without requiring a Showtime subscription. Unlike other cable networks, premium services are almost always subscribed to a la carte , meaning that one can, for example, subscribe to HBO without subscribing to Showtime (in Canada, there are slight modifications, as most providers include U.S. superstations – such as WAPA-TV – with their main premium package by default). However, subscribing to an "individual" service automatically includes access to all of that service's available multiplex channels and, in some cases, access to content via video-on-demand (in
3870-764: A result, pay television outlets are most concerned with offering content that can justify the cost of the service, which helps to attract new subscribers, and retain existing subscribers. Many pay television services consist of multiple individual channels, referred to as " multiplex " services (in reference to multiplex cinemas ), where a main flagship channel is accompanied by secondary services with distinct schedules focusing on specific genres and audiences (such as multiplexes focusing more on "classic" films, or family-oriented programming), time shifting , or brand licensing deals (such as channels focusing specifically on Disney films , or content from U.S. pay television brands if they do not specifically run their own network in
3999-425: A seasonal package. They are typically the most expensive type of pay services, generally running in the range of $ 35 to $ 50 per month. Some pay services also offer pornographic films ; Cinemax was well known for carrying a late-night block of softcore films and series known as "Max After Dark"—a reputation that led to the network often being nicknamed "Skinemax" by viewers. Cinemax phased out this programming in
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4128-540: A short time during the 1980s, and unlike other general-interest pay services accepted outside advertising for broadcast during its sports telecasts), Preview , SelecTV and ON TV in the late 1970s, but those services disappeared as competition from cable television expanded during the 1980s. In Australia , Foxtel , Optus Television and TransACT are the major pay television distributors, all of which provide cable services in some metropolitan areas , with Foxtel providing satellite service for all other areas where cable
4257-401: A specific market). Typically, these services are bundled together with the main channel at no additional charge, and cannot be purchased separately. Depending on local regulations, pay television services generally have more lenient content standards because of their relatively narrower distribution, and not being subject to pressure from sponsors to tone down content. As a result, programming
4386-516: A televised ceremony, with an estimated audience of 100 million. They subsequently took up residence at Gatcombe Park . As was customary for untitled men marrying into the royal family, Phillips was offered an earldom , which he declined; consequently their children were born without titles . Anne and her husband had two children: Peter (born 1977) and Zara Phillips (born 1981). Anne and Phillips have five grandchildren. On 31 August 1989, Anne and Phillips announced their intention to separate;
4515-406: A television-gaming service channel, was also ceased. On 18 March 2013, StarHub launched its first fibre-optic IPTV television, beginning another transition of cable television. The IPTV was rolled out to residential customers on 8 April 2015. Pay television The term is most synonymous with premium entertainment services focused on films or general entertainment programming such as, in
4644-527: A tick in the box for doing this?' No, it's about serving…It took me probably 10 years before I really felt confident enough to contribute to Save the Children's public debates because you needed to understand how it works on the ground and that needed a very wide coverage. So my early trips were really important." Anne has been frequently named the "hardest working royal", and she carried out 11,088 engagements between 2002 and 2022, more than any other member of
4773-472: A white jacket over a "demure, cropped-to-the-knee dress" and a spray of white flowers in her hair. Her engagement ring was made of "a cabochon sapphire flanked by three small diamonds on each side". Following the marriage service, the couple and guests headed to Craigowan Lodge for a private reception. Laurence received no peerage , although was knighted in 2011. On 20 March 1974, Princess Anne and Mark Phillips were returning to Buckingham Palace from
4902-612: A wireless network, the Digital Terrestrial Television system. The history of cable TV in Singapore began on 25 January 1978, when a spokesman of the Ministry of Culture announced that two companies were bidding for a license to provide cable services for 30 hotels. The two companies interested were Rediffusion Singapore and Australian company Stratton Enterprises. Commercial advertising was forbidden from
5031-777: Is patron or president of over 300 organisations, including WISE , Riders for Health , and Carers Trust . Her work in charities centres on sports, sciences, people with disabilities , and health in developing countries . She has been associated with Save the Children for over fifty years and has visited a number of its projects. Anne married Captain Mark Phillips in 1973; they separated in 1989 and divorced in 1992. They have two children, Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall , and five grandchildren. Within months of her divorce in 1992, Anne married Commander (later Vice Admiral) Sir Timothy Laurence , whom she had met while he served as her mother's equerry between 1986 and 1989. Anne
5160-485: Is Canal+ and its scrambled services, which operated in France from 1984 to the 2011 closedown of analogue television, Spain from 1990 to 2005 and Poland from 1995 to 2001. Some U.S. television stations launched pay services (known simply as "subscription television" services) such as SuperTV , Wometco Home Theater , PRISM (which principally operated as a cable service, only being simultaneously carried over-the-air for
5289-542: Is a member of the British royal family . She is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , and the only sister of King Charles III . Anne was born third in the line of succession to the British throne and is now 17th, and has been, since 1987, Princess Royal , a title held for life. Born at Clarence House , Anne was educated at Benenden School and began undertaking royal duties upon reaching adulthood. She became
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5418-489: Is a true style icon and was all about sustainable fashion before the rest of us really knew what that meant". Her style has been noted for its timelessness; she relies almost solely on British fashion brands, with tweed and tailored suits as her hallmarks. She is known for recycling outfits, such as her floral-print dress worn both to the wedding of the Prince of Wales in 1981 and the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor in 2008. Anne
5547-506: Is also one of the few women in the royal family to wear a military uniform. According to The Guardian , she is "rarely seen without a brooch" during royal events. Her millinery styles have included jockey caps and hats of multiple colours and bold patterns. She presented the Queen Elizabeth II award for British design at London Fashion Week in 2020. Anne has appeared on three British Vogue covers; after first appearing on
5676-479: Is also the royal patron of WISE , an organisation that encourages young women to pursue careers in science, engineering and construction. She has been patron of the Royal National Children's Foundation since 2002 and the industrial heritage museum, Aerospace Bristol , since 2016. In 2022, Anne was named honorary chair of National Lighthouse Museum 's Illuminating Future Generations campaign,
5805-808: Is involved with over 200 charities and organisations in an official capacity. She works extensively for Save the Children , serving as president from 1970 to 2017, and has been patron since 2017. Anne has visited the organisation's projects in Bangladesh, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a result of her work, she was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 by Kenneth Kaunda , President of Zambia. She initiated The Princess Royal Trust for Carers in 1991. Her extensive work for St. John Ambulance as Commandant-in-Chief of St. John Ambulance Cadets has helped to develop many young people, as she annually attends
5934-707: Is not available. Austar formerly operated as a satellite pay service, until it merged with Foxtel and SelecTV . The major distributors of pay television in New Zealand are Sky Network Television on satellite and Vodafone on cable. In the 2010s, over-the-top subscription video on demand (SVOD) services distributed via internet video emerged as a major competitor to traditional pay television, with services such as Amazon Video , Hulu , and Netflix gaining prominence. Similarly to pay television services, their libraries include acquired content (which can not only include films, but acquired television series as well), and
6063-680: Is the Academy of Medical Sciences' first Royal Fellow. Anne was elected Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh effective 31 March 2011, succeeding her father, who stepped down from the role in 2010. Likewise, she accepted in 2011 the roles of president of City and Guilds of London Institute , Master of the Corporation of Trinity House and president of the Royal Society of Arts , also in succession to her father. Anne has been
6192-403: Is the patron of U.K. Fashion and Textile Association. She has been noted for wearing "bold patterns and vibrant pops of colour". Her style choices often reflect her equestrian interests as well as the practicality of her fast-paced schedule. In the 1970s and 1980s, she was often photographed wearing trends such as puff sleeves, cardigans, bright floral patterns, and multicoloured stripes. Anne
6321-717: Is typically aired with limited to no edits for time or, where applicable, mature content such as graphic violence , profanity , nudity , and sexual activity . As premium television services are commonly devoid of traditional commercial advertising, breaks between programming typically include promotions for upcoming programs , and interstitial segments (such as behind-the-scenes content, interviews, and other feature segments). Some sports-based pay services, however, may feature some commercial advertising, particularly if they simulcast sporting events that are broadcast by advertiser-supported television networks. In addition, most general interest or movie-based pay services do not adhere to
6450-513: The Archbishop of York , Cyril Garbett . At the time of her birth, she was third in the line of succession to the British throne , behind her mother and older brother, Charles (later King Charles III). She rose to second in 1952 after her grandfather's death and her mother's accession; she is currently 17th in line. A governess , Catherine Peebles, was appointed to look after Anne and her brothers, Charles, Andrew , and Edward . Peebles
6579-622: The British Olympic Association . Anne represented Great Britain in the International Olympic Committee at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics in Russia. In 1985 she became president of the Riding for the Disabled Association after serving as their patron for fourteen years. She maintains a relationship with student sport and is the patron of British Universities and Colleges Sport . Following
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#17327871770586708-451: The Church of England at the time, the Church of Scotland considered marriage to be an ordinance of religion rather than a sacrament and permitted the remarriage of divorced persons under certain circumstances. Anne became the first royal divorcée to remarry since Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , granddaughter of Queen Victoria . For the wedding ceremony, Anne wore
6837-555: The Queen's Gallantry Medal . Anne visited Beaton in hospital and thanked him for his assistance. It was widely reported that the Queen paid off Russell's mortgage, but this is not true: Russell said in 2020 that a police officer suggested it might happen, so he stopped paying his mortgage in anticipation and nearly had his house repossessed after four months. Ball pleaded guilty to attempted murder and kidnapping. As of March 2024 , he
6966-767: The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo , and the Scottish Rugby Union . In 1986 she was appointed Master of the Worshipful Company of Carmen . In 2001, she became Master of the Worshipful Company of Farmers . In 2017, Anne became Prime Warden of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers and a Governor of Gresham's School . Anne has been called the royal family's "trustiest anchor" and a "beacon of good, old-fashioned public service", having carried out over 20,000 engagements since her 18th birthday. In her early adulthood, she
7095-552: The Royal Yacht Britannia . Their relationship developed in early 1989, three years after Laurence was appointed as an equerry to the Queen. In 1989, the existence of private letters from Laurence to Anne was revealed by The Sun newspaper. The couple married at Crathie Kirk near Balmoral Castle in Scotland, on 12 December 1992. Approximately 30 guests were invited for the private marriage service. Unlike
7224-610: The Wimbledon tennis tournament. Specialty pay sports channels also exist—often focusing on international sports considered niche to domestic audiences (such as, in the United States, cricket ), and are typically sold at a higher expense than traditional premium services. Out-of-market sports packages in North America are multi-channel pay services carrying professional or collegiate sporting events which are sold in
7353-563: The business cycle , some broadcasters try to balance them with more stable income from subscriptions. Some providers offer services owned by the same company in a single package. For example, American satellite provider DirecTV offers the Encore channels along with the Starz multiplex (both owned by Lionsgate 's Starz Inc. ) in its "Starz Super Pack"; and The Movie Channel , Flix and SundanceTV (the latter of which continues to be sold in
7482-509: The 1971 September issue at age 21, she also featured in the May and November 1973 issues, commemorating her engagement to Mark Phillips. She was featured in the cover story for the May 2020 issue of Vanity Fair . In 2024, Tatler included her on its list of the most glamorous European royals. Anne is the first member of the royal family to have been convicted of a criminal offence . In November 2002, she pleaded guilty to one charge of having
7611-586: The 2010s, citing that it did not align with its current focus on action programming, and that internet porn and the amount of sexual content in other mainstream premium series (such as Game of Thrones ) made a specific block for such content redundant. Specialized channels dedicated to pornographic films also exist, that carry either softcore adult programs (such as Playboy TV ), or more hardcore content (such as The Erotic Network and Hustler TV ). Pay television channels come in different price ranges. Many channels carrying advertising combine this income with
7740-506: The Asian launch of BBC World Service Television , coinciding with Princess Anne 's visit to Singapore, SBC was still in the negotiating phase to carry its contents over the planned news channel. A third channel, a variety channel in the Mandarin language , was announced in late January, favoured over a proposed English-language variety channel after conducting research. For the feasibility of
7869-575: The Barclays English Premier League for the 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons as it did not procure the rights to do so. Its carriage of Goal TV 1, Goal TV 2, ESPN , STAR Sports and STAR Cricket will also cease at the same time. The ESS channels were unavailable on StarHub's platform for three years until in December 2012, it was announced that ESPN, STAR Sports and STAR Cricket will return to StarHub on 14 December on
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#17327871770587998-576: The Diamond Stakes at Royal Ascot . For more than five years, Anne also competed with the British eventing team, winning a silver medal in both individual and team disciplines in the 1975 European Eventing Championship. The following year, she participated in the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal as a member of the British team, riding the Queen's horse, Goodwill, in Eventing. Anne suffered
8127-472: The DirecTV package despite Showtime Networks no longer owning Sundance, that channel is now owned by AMC Networks ) along with Showtime in its "Showtime Unlimited" package; Cinemax and its multiplex networks, in turn, are almost always packaged with HBO (both owned by Warner Bros. Discovery ). Though selling premium services that are related by ownership as a package is common, that may not always be
8256-656: The Grand Prior Award Reception. She is patron of St. Andrew's First Aid . In 2021, she became patron of Mercy Ships , an international charity that operates the largest non-governmental hospital ships in the world. Anne is a British representative in the International Olympic Committee as an administrator, and was a member of the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games . She also serves as president of
8385-459: The Japanese, German and French communities were also on the cards. SCV would remain a monopoly in the subscription television sector, with a push for competition after a few years, and would use Singapore Telecom's cable network to deliver its content. After a tour of major US media conglomerates in April and May 1994, Yeo announced that the cable network would be running "in two years". As of June,
8514-585: The National Lighthouse Museum. On her 60th and 70th birthdays, the BBC and Vanity Fair both asked whether she would retire, and she denied it both times, citing her parents' example as well as her commitment to her royal duties. Anne's public personality has been described as "not suffering fools lightly" while maintaining a "still-impressive level of grace and courtesy". British Vogue editor Edward Enninful has said that "Princess Anne
8643-604: The Queen as Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order , a position her grandmother had also held. She is a Royal Fellow of the Royal Society and the Academy of Medical Sciences . Royal Fellows are members of the royal family who are recommended and elected by the Society's Council. The Royal Society as of 2022 has four Royal Fellows: Anne; William, Prince of Wales; Edward, Duke of Kent; and King Charles. She
8772-528: The Queen's Platinum Jubilee . On 12 September 2022, in St Giles' Cathedral , Edinburgh, Anne became the first woman to participate in a Vigil of the Princes , guarding her mother's coffin. This was repeated at Westminster Hall on 16 September. It was later revealed that she had been the informant at her mother's death at Balmoral, a witness who signs, along with the doctor, the death certificate. Anne
8901-542: The Singapore Broadcasting Authority. Construction work for the cable network started in October 1994 in Tampines and hoped to offer a video-on-demand service "at some time in the future", a pay-per-view service "within three years", as well as other interactive services such as shopping from home and house calls from repairmen. Phase one of the installation of the cable network in Tampines
9030-408: The TOCOM decoders for its subscribers. MovieVision, the HBO relayer, started 24-hour broadcasts in April 1994. In December 1993, Information and the Arts Minister Brigadier-General George Yeo announced that Singapore would expect "a dozen" cable channels by 1995, followed by "20 to 30" channels by 1998. By the end of the second phase, all HDB households would be connected to the service. Channels for
9159-406: The Tamil broadcaster Golden Eagle Communications to carry its channel, Golden Eagle , launched in India in February, over the cable network upon its launch. The Asian version of the Discovery Channel, still doing playout from Hong Kong at the time, was also announced. On 23 May, an agreement with Turner enabled TNT & Cartoon Network and CNN International to be added; alongside the announcement, at
9288-613: The UHF service was receivable in almost 4% of Singaporean households and 85% of hotel rooms. 20% of home subscribers had a subscription to two of the three channels and 60% subscribed to all three. The reach in households made it accessible to over 110,000 viewers. The total cost of the project was $ 500 million. The shareholder structure was changed in readiness for the new network, with Singapore International Media holding 31%, Continental Cablevision 25%, Singapore Technologies 24% and SPH 20%. SBC dropped out of SCV because its successors were going to be SIM subsidiaries. The NTUC would also act as
9417-431: The United States, Cinemax , HBO , MGM+ , Showtime , and Starz , but such services can also include those devoted to sports , as well as adult entertainment . In contrast to most other multichannel television broadcasters, which depend on advertising and carriage fees as their sources of revenue, the majority of pay television services rely almost solely on monthly subscription fees paid by individual customers. As
9546-737: The aforementioned leniency in content standards, they too can contain content that is more mature than those of other cable channels or television networks . These series also tend to be high-budget and aim for critical success in order to attract subscribers: notable premium series, such as HBO 's Curb Your Enthusiasm , Game of Thrones , Sex and the City , and The Sopranos , and Showtime 's Dexter , Homeland , and Weeds , have achieved critical acclaim and have won various television awards. Some premium channels also broadcast television specials , which most commonly consist of concerts and concert films , documentaries , stand-up comedy , and in
9675-629: The attack the use of only a single protection officer was stopped, and the Walther PPK pistol was replaced. Beaton, Hills, Callender, and McConnell were hospitalised, and recovered from their wounds. For his defence of Princess Anne, Beaton was awarded the George Cross by the Queen, who was visiting Indonesia when the incident occurred; Hills and Russell were awarded the George Medal , and Callender, McConnell, and Edmonds were awarded
9804-419: The broadcast decrypted for viewing, but usually only entail a one-time payment for a single or time-limited viewing. Programs offered via pay-per-view are most often movies or sporting events, but may also include other events, such as concerts and even softcore adult programs. In the U.S., the initial concept and technology for pay-per-view for broadcast television was first developed in the early 1950s, including
9933-495: The cable network. Commercial advertising was limited to between programmes, which caused a problem to the viability of such a service, as subscriptions would be higher than S$ 20. All of the three private bids for cable television by then were rejected by the government. Telecoms later announced that it would delay the project due to lack of viability. In 1991, the Singapore Broadcasting Corporation
10062-540: The channels available were carefully monitored and met the requirements set by the SBA, who reiterated that cable TV had the same censorship standards as free-to-air channels. Moreover, a 14-minute hourly advertising limit was placed on all channels carried on the service. Further SBA compliances included the TCS and TV12 channels at the top of the offer and that every channel should have SBA approval. The first subscribers were wired to
10191-529: The city of Arkhangelsk for the 75th anniversary of Operation Dervish , which was one of the first Arctic convoys of World War II . In September 2016, the Princess had a chest infection and was required to cancel official engagements. In late October 2016, she visited the Malaysian state of Sarawak for a two-day study tour. In April 2022, Anne and her husband toured Australia and Papua New Guinea to mark
10320-428: The common top and bottom of the hour scheduling of other cable channels and terrestrial broadcasters. As such, programs often air using either conventional scheduling or have airtimes in five-minute increments (for example, 7:05 a.m. or 4:40 p.m.); since such channels broadcast content without in-program break interruptions, this sometimes leads to extended or abbreviated breaks between programs, depending on when
10449-465: The country, and in the region by May. After the study, which was set to last a year, the government would greenlight the license. On 11 July 1991, the then Singapore Cable Vision (SCV) was licensed to establish a nationwide broadband cable network to provide pay-TV services. SCV also had the unprecedented responsibility of delivering terrestrial free-to-air (FTA) channels to Singapore households via its cable points, free-of-charge to viewers. In October, with
10578-522: The couple had been rarely seen in public together and both were romantically linked with other people. They shared custody of their children, and initially announced that "there were no plans for divorce." On 13 April 1992, the Palace announced that Anne had filed for divorce, which was finalised ten days later. Anne met Timothy Laurence , a commander in the Royal Navy , while he was serving on
10707-448: The end of 1995 with 750,000 households connected in five years. To celebrate the launch of the service, SCV held a three-day fair near Tampines Sogo where potential subscribers had the chance to experience it first-hand. Plans to develop community channels were also on the cards. SCV's cable TV channel offering in 1995 had over 25 channels divided into three tiers – basic tier, international tier and premium tier. The basic tier consisted of
10836-594: The end of 1998. A public trial of the SCV cable modem service started in June 1997. SCV launched its first in-house sports channel, Football Channel on 9 August 1997, after spending $ 500,000 worth of rights for coverage of the English football leagues. At the time, Premiere 12 was showing one Premiership match per week, as was the norm in previous seasons. In 1999, SCV completed the construction of its S$ 600 million network, and in recognition of its nationwide cabling effort, SCV
10965-408: The event on Parkinson , saying she was 'scrupulously polite' to Ball as she thought it would be 'silly to be too rude at that stage'. Eventually, Anne exited the other side of the limousine, as had her lady-in-waiting , Rowena Brassey. A passing pedestrian, a former boxer named Ron Russell, punched Ball and led Anne away from the scene. At that point, Police Constable Michael Hills happened upon
11094-647: The form of a conventional VOD television service, and in some cases, a companion on-demand streaming service as well). Most pay television providers also offer a selection of premium services (for example, the HBO, Showtime and Starz packages) in one bundle at a greatly reduced price than it would cost to purchase each service separately, as an inducement for subscribers to remain with their service provider or for others to induce subscribers into using their service. Similarly, many television providers offer general interest or movie-based premium channels at no additional charge for
11223-679: The free channels (Singapore's terrestrial channels, the RTM channels and the Preview Channel) as well as fourteen specialty channels, Asia Business News , BBC World , CNN International , Star Plus , Star Chinese Channel, TVB Super Channel , CETV's Family Channel , TNT & Cartoon Network , Discovery Channel , Prime Sports , ESPN , Channel V and MTV . The international tier carried CCTV-4 , TVB Zong Yi (with limited Cantonese programming), Australia Television International , TVRI , NHK , TV3 and Worldnet. The premium tier launched with
11352-414: The initial offer, National Geographic on 1 June and on 22 December, a second in-house sports channel, SuperSports, whose regular broadcasts started on 15 January 2000 with its coverage of the 2000 Australian Open . Nickelodeon was added on 9 March 2001. SCV launched its pay-per-view service on channel 37 on 15 October 2001, reserved for movies and concerts. In the first two weeks of April 2002, it offered
11481-555: The introduction of a cable television service. In April 1979, Telecoms announced the implementation of its cable network in Orchard Road by 1981, and among the services offered was cable television. The cable network would generate its signals from Telecoms' Comcentre at Exeter Road to cover all hotels in the area, private housing estates and some adjacent estates from the Housing Development Board . The area
11610-540: The latter part of 2008. On 17 February 2009, StarHub announced that their television will be converted to digital and analogue set-top boxes will be terminated by 30 June 2009, beginning a phase of digital television transition in Singapore. On 30 April 2010, channel numbers for StarHub TV were overhauled into a three-digit numbering system, allowing easier recall for subscribers. The channels were also classified into eight categories based on their genre and first number. On 1 August 2010, StarHub TV will cease broadcasting
11739-454: The launch of a network's prestige series. However, some other channels, such as sports and adult networks may ask for monthly pricing that may go as high as near $ 50 a month. There are also premium television services which are priced significantly higher than the mini-pay channels, but they compensate for their higher price by carrying little or no advertising and also providing a higher quality program output. As advertising sales are sensitive to
11868-413: The network to be built, Telecoms started conducting studies in countries where cable television was more advanced. In December 1978, hotels weren't convinced of the idea of a cable television network for their guests, with some hotels being unaware of how such a system worked, as well as general disinterest and high installation costs. Telecoms at the same time announced a survey whose results would lead to
11997-631: The opening at the same time of its uplink facilities in Singapore, ahead of the launch of the channel in Taiwan. SCV also had plans to become a fixed telecommunications operator from April 2002, when the government would lift telecommunications monopolies. In April, 50,000 General Instruments decoders were ordered, cable decoders bought in other countries were incompatible with SCV broadcasts. The decoders also had an authorisation key where parents would select age-appropriate programmes and monitor time spent by children watching television. A headend worth S$ 850,000
12126-494: The original term of license agreements with a distributor may also be broadcast as "sub-runs", in which a service holds rights to film long after the conclusion of a distribution agreement (under this arrangement, the pay service that originally licensed the rights to a particular film title, or one other than that which had held rights, may hold the broadcast rights through a library content deal). Many general interest premium channels also produce original television series . Due to
12255-536: The package of three channels being priced in at up to $ 50, depending on the number of channels the subscriber wanted, with prices comparable to those offered by Sky in New Zealand and Thai Sky TV in Thailand, both of which also offered three channels. In the setup of the network of channels, SCV announced that the new channels would carry commercials. VarietyVision was set to carry four minutes of advertising per hour, NewsVision, eight minutes per hour and MovieVision
12384-597: The past, theatrical plays . Sports programming is also featured on some premium services; HBO was historically known for its broadcasts of boxing , while Showtime and Epix also carry mixed martial arts events. Some general interest premium channels have aired other professional sporting events in the past: HBO for example, carried games from the National Hockey League (NHL), National Basketball Association (NBA) and American Basketball Association (ABA) in its early years, and from 1975 to 1999 aired
12513-426: The preliminary study in August have shown that viewers had interest in the upcoming cable service, which implied that Telecoms had plans to introduce its cable service by 1981 or 1982, granted that subscribers would wire if the fees were "reasonable". Cable television would also have laxer levels of censorship than RTS, as well as programmes that RTS wasn't interested in showing. RTS was unlikely to produce programmes for
12642-699: The president of the Commonwealth Study Conference , an initiative founded by her father. In 2023, she succeeded the Duke of Kent as president of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission . Anne is the patron of Transaid, a charity founded by Save the Children and the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport which aims to provide safe and sustainable transport in developing countries. She
12771-521: The previous program concludes and when the start time of the next program is. The only universal variation to this is prime time , where the main channel in each pay service's suite usually schedules films to start on the hour. Films comprise much of the content seen on most pay television services, particularly those with a general entertainment format and those that focus exclusively on films . Services often obtain rights to films through exclusive agreements with film distributors . Films acquired during
12900-464: The public during walkabouts, saying, "the theory was that you couldn't shake hands with everybody, so don't start." Members of the public have seen her "mending fences at Gatcombe" and "queuing up for the Portaloos" at her daughter's horse competitions. Her reputation is also coupled with her advocacy for causes out of the mainstream, such as Wetwheels Foundation's commitment to accessible sailing and
13029-680: The reception of broadcasts or cable programmes was not covered by the Singapore Copyright Act. SCV claimed that the practice was legal, and that subscribers could not opt for an individual subscription and could tune to TV3 by antenna. SCV joined SingTel and the Telecommunications Authority of Singapore for the Singapore ONE (One Network for Everyone) core network project in September 1996. On 1 October, Sun TV joined SCV. Phoenix Chinese Channel
13158-705: The retirement of the Queen Mother in 1981, Anne was elected by graduates of the University of London as the Chancellor , and has been in the position since that year. She was president of BAFTA from 1973 to 2001. Throughout May 1996, Anne served as Her Majesty's High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland , and held the post again in 2017. In 2007, she was appointed by
13287-583: The royal family. Anne remains one of Britain's most popular royals. Telegraph editor Camilla Tominey called her a "national treasure", writing that she is "hailed as one of the great English eccentrics", whose work ethic contributes to her regard. Tominey wrote that Anne's public role is a "contradiction of both protocol taskmaster and occasional rule-breaker". Reportedly, Anne "insists on doing her own make-up and hair" and drives herself to engagements, having pleaded guilty to two separate speeding fines on account of being late. She does not shake hands with
13416-508: The same time, there was growing concern over the possibility of R(A) movies airing on cable television, under the concern that such movies would attract children. SCV also had plans to become an internet service provider using the coaxial cable network. The cables used by SCV at launching time were of a higher capacity than Singapore Telecom's extant copper wires. By late August, one out of four families in Tampines had cable TV, but problems with cable wires led to installation problems. Zee TV
13545-447: The scene; he too was shot by Ball, but he had already called for police backup. Detective Constable Peter Edmonds answered, gave chase, and finally arrested Ball. Beaton, who had been Anne's sole bodyguard, later said about royal security "I had nothing… There was no back-up vehicle. The training was non-existent; but then again, [we thought] nothing was going to happen. They are highly specialised now, highly trained." Immediately after
13674-582: The service for a period of days or weeks; these are typically scheduled to showcase major special event programming, such as the pay cable premiere of a blockbuster feature film, the premiere (either a series or season premiere ) of a widely anticipated or critically acclaimed original series or occasionally, a high-profile special (such as a concert). Subscription services transmitted via analogue terrestrial television have also existed, to varying degrees of success. The most known example of such service in Europe
13803-459: The service on 14 June; subscriptions were first accepted on 12 June. On 23 June 1995 at 1pm, SCV's cable service was launched by Brigadier-General George Yeo in Tampines, reaching to 15,000 households in the area's HDB estate, with all 47,000 households expected to be connected by September. Its cabling network exercise cost $ 500 million; $ 25 million was spent in the first phase. SCV expected to have 100,000 households connected to its cable network by
13932-429: The services to be provided, and that operators would have to buy their programmes for screening. The area with the most requests for a cable service was Orchard Road . The cable network was to be built by Telecoms using its existing coaxial cable network. For this end, Telecoms would invest S$ 1 billion over a period of five years; the roadmap included the installation of the skeleton cable network in 1980/81. In order for
14061-465: The situation: for example, in the United States, Cinemax and Encore are optionally sold separately from or in a single package with their respective parent networks HBO and Starz, depending on the service provider. The Movie Channel and Flix meanwhile, are usually sold together with Showtime (all three channels are owned by Paramount Global ); though subscribers are required to purchase Showtime in order to receive Flix, The Movie Channel does not have such
14190-512: The then Canadian Secretary to the Queen , said of Anne in 2014: "Her credo is, 'Keep me busy. I'm here to work. I'm here to do good things. I'm here to meet as many people as possible'." It was reported in December 2017 that the Princess Royal had undertaken the most official engagements that year out of all the royal family, her mother the Queen included. Among her royal visits, the Princess has toured Norway, Jamaica, Germany, Austria, New Zealand, and Australia. Anne's first public engagement
14319-454: Was active until 1963, when Anne went to boarding school . Anne enrolled at Benenden School in 1963. In 1968, she left school with six GCE O-Levels and two A-Levels . She began to undertake royal engagements in 1969, at the age of 18. In 1970, Anne briefly had a relationship with Andrew Parker Bowles , who later married Camilla Shand . Camilla later became the second wife and queen consort of Anne's elder brother, Charles III. Anne
14448-625: Was added on 1 December 1996. SCV and NCB announced on 3 December that from January 1997, a pilot service for buying movie tickets from home computers connected to SCV's internet platform would start. The initial trial was limited to a hundred households in Jurong already wired to the Singapore ONE network. Cinemax and TV5 were added on 1 April 1997; SCV provided a free preview of the latter from 28 to 31 March 1997. In 1997, SCV aimed to have 90% of 800,000 houses in HDB estates to be connected to SCV cable by
14577-492: Was added on 11 September 1995, the first Hindi-language channel on offer, negotiations have been held for months because the channel had to be tailored for Singaporean cultural norms. Reports emerged in early January 1996 that Rediffusion Singapore had the possibility of using SCV's cable network to deliver its signals, enabling better reception for the NTUC's Radio Heart and RCS's Class 95. In 1996, SCV had 7,221 subscribers with
14706-801: Was also briefly linked to Olympic equestrian Richard Meade . In spring 1971, Princess Anne finished fourth at the Rushall Horse Trials. At age 21, she won the individual title at the European Eventing Championship with her home-bred horse Doublet and was voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 1971. She also rode winners in horse racing, competing in the Grand Military Steeplechase at Sandown Park Racecourse and
14835-560: Was at the opening of an educational and training centre in Shropshire in 1969. Anne travels abroad on behalf of the United Kingdom up to three times a year. She began to undertake overseas visits upon leaving secondary school, and accompanied her parents on a state visit to Austria in the same year. Her first tour of Australia was with her parents in 1970, since which she returned many times to undertake official engagements as
14964-536: Was born at 11:50 a.m. BST on 15 August 1950 at Clarence House during the reign of her maternal grandfather, King George VI . She is the second child and only daughter of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (later Queen Elizabeth II), and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . A 21-gun salute in Hyde Park signaled the birth. Anne was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 21 October 1950, by
15093-650: Was built in Ayer Rajah , with the capability of receiving up to 45 satellite channels and the TCS channels, the latter of which connected via fibre to Bukit Batok . Key agreements were signed in May 1995: the Hong Kong - Taiwanese (at the time) TVB Super Channel , which had just started cable broadcasts in Manila , was at an advanced stage; the thirteenth channel to be added was CCTV-4 , which benefitted Chinese workers and businessmen; on 18 May 1995, an agreement with
15222-528: Was cited as a "royal renegade" for choosing to forgo titles for her children despite being the "spare to the heir". The media often called the young Anne "aloof" and "haughty", giving her the nickname "her royal rudeness". She spurred controversy for telling photographers to "naff off" at the Badminton Horse Trials in 1982. Vanity Fair wrote that Anne "has a reputation for having inherited her father's famously sharp tongue and waspish wit". Of her early public role, she has said: "It's not just about 'can I get
15351-537: Was considered by The Straits Times ' Life! supplement as a "far cry" from cable networks in countries such as the United States, which offered up to 80 channels. In August 1995, the CTN Zhong Tian channel was added. HBO was added later in the month, replacing MovieVision, which was only available on the UHF network up until that point. Star Movies was absent due to censorship problems, which would force SCV to "sanitise its content to terrestrial sensitivity". At
15480-421: Was exempt. Ad rates were lower than the ones carried out by SBC's channels and half of the advertising time on NewsVision was shared between local ad slots and those from the relays of CNN International . A $ 2 million contract with McCann Erickson for advertising was signed. SCV set up an initial target of 30,000 subscribers. Within its first week, SCV claimed to have had an "overwhelming response", according to
15609-586: Was formalised in early May. Work on the installation of the cables was underway in March, by then they had signed a contract with Asia Business News . Star TV signed up in mid-late March providing Star World, the Star Chinese Channel and Channel V, as well as the possibility of adding its movie channels. ESPN was signed in late March, at a time where it set up a regional facility in Singapore. Negotiations with The Walt Disney Company were underway, with
15738-423: Was granted exclusivity in the provision of pay-TV services until 2002. As the nation developed, Singaporeans began to embrace pay-TV as an additional source of lifestyle entertainment, in addition to other entertainment sources such as cinemas, the internet, and DVD/VCD purchases/rentals. New channels were introduced this year: Japan Entertainment Television on 1 February, Star Movies 1 April, after being rejected in
15867-502: Was interested in setting up a cable network. In January 1991, a US company ( Continental Cablevision ) studied the feasibility of a cable service in Singapore, showing its interest over the high density of television set ownership (1 set in every 600,000 households). Another company, a subsidiary of the Oversea Chinese Banking Corporation , set up a preliminary survey to study the potential cable market in
15996-512: Was responsible for Anne's early education at Buckingham Palace . Given her young age at the time, Anne did not attend her mother's coronation in June 1953. A Girl Guides company, the 1st Buckingham Palace Company to include the Holy Trinity Brompton Brownie pack, was re-formed in May 1959, specifically so that, as her mother and aunt had done as children, Anne could socialise with girls her own age. The company
16125-449: Was scheduled to finish in June 1995, it would take three-and-a-half to four years for the entire island to be connected. Tampines was selected due to "technical and commercial considerations". The phase alone cost $ 25 million. The first programmer to win a contract for a slot on SCV's cable network was Robert Chua 's China Entertainment Television in February 1995, which promised a formula of "no sex, no violence and no news". The contract
16254-429: Was scheduled to start in mid-March 1996. Daniel Goh was appointed president on 1 May that year, replacing its first president Randall Coleman. Randall had left SCV due to "differences between partners". Positive incomes were scheduled for the 1999 fiscal year. The company had been scheduling a two-year period at a loss of $ 36 million. One year on from launch, SCV had 155,000 homes wired to the service, with 34 channels and
16383-460: Was selected due to the cost of the cables, meaning that they were installed close to Comcentre, and its capability of having a high potential zone with interested customers in the hotel and household sectors. It would provide both of RTS's channels as well as subscription movie offerings and programmes catering tourists and the industry. There was a plan to provide two or three channels, with one for hotels and another for educational purposes. Results of
16512-613: Was still detained under the Mental Health Act at Broadmoor Hospital , having been diagnosed with schizophrenia. The attempted kidnapping of Princess Anne is the focus of the Granada Television -produced docudrama To Kidnap a Princess (2006) and inspired story lines in Tom Clancy 's novel Patriot Games . Anne undertakes a number of duties and engagements on behalf of the sovereign. Kevin S. MacLeod ,
16641-726: Was tested on 5 May, in conjunction with the opening of the Tampines East Community Club. Community channels also obeyed to the same rules as conventional channels. The channel was provided by SCV but produced by ten three-year undergraduates from the Nanyang Technological University 's School of Technological Studies. The previous year, the National Solidarity Party warned against the usage of community channels on cable, increasing viewer perceptions of Singapore being
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