USS Pioneer (AM-105) was an Auk -class minesweeper acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.
48-810: P101 may refer to: Vessels [ edit ] ARM Leandro Valle (P101) , a patrol boat of the Mexican Navy HMAS ; Bayonet (P 101) , a patrol boat of the Royal Australian Navy NRTL ; Oecusse (P101) , a patrol boat of the Timor Leste Defence Force VOEA ; Ngahau Koula (P101) , a patrol boat of the Tongan Maritime Force Other uses [ edit ] Papyrus 101 ,
96-568: A Mediterranean climate , with a hot and relatively dry summer (highs of 31 °C (88 °F) in July and August) and a rainy fall and winter (highs of 13 °C (55 °F) in January). Usually there is nearly 1,000 mm (39 in) of rain every year. The strong wind that comes from the mountains toward the Gulf of Salerno makes the city very windy (mainly in winter). However, this gives Salerno
144-455: A British troopship HMT Rohna (with over 2,000 US servicemen aboard) and set her afire; Pioneer stood by, continuing to fire on the attacking aircraft while conducting the rescue of 606 soldiers and crewmen from Rohna . The ship (with its crew of roughly 100 sailors), however, was never given any recognition for the rescue of over 600 HMT Rohna survivors. To this day (June, 2007), The Rohna Survivors Organization continues to try to have
192-466: A biblical manuscript PIK3R5 , phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 Programma 101 , a desktop programmable calculator P101, a state regional road in Latvia Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title P101 . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
240-541: A mansion in its outskirts. After the war the population of the city doubled in a few years, going from 80,000 in 1946 to nearly 160,000 in 1976. The city is situated at the northwestern end of the plain of the Sele River , at the exact beginning of the Amalfi coast . The small river Irno crosses through the central section of Salerno. The highest point is "Monte Stella" with its 953 metres (3,127 ft). Salerno has
288-629: A peace with the Allies in World War II , making Salerno the capital of the "Government of the South" ( Regno del Sud ) and therefore provisional government seat for six months. Some of the Allied landings during Operation Avalanche (the invasion of Italy) occurred near Salerno. Human settlement at Salerno has a rich and vibrant past, dating back to pre-historic times. In the early Middle Ages it
336-668: A slow urban development continued, many suburban areas were enlarged and large public and private buildings were created. The city went on developing until World War II . Its population rose from 20,000 people around 1861s unification to 80,000 in the early 20th century. During the 19th century, foreign industries started settling in Salerno: in 1830 the first textile mill was established by the Swiss entrepreneur Züblin Vonwiller, followed by Schlaepfer-Wenner's textile mills and dye factories;
384-591: A trade centre, was connected to Rome by the Via Popilia , which ran towards Lucania and Reggio Calabria . Archaeological remains, although fragmentary, suggest the idea of a flourishing and lively city. Under the Emperor Diocletian , in the late 3rd century AD, Salernum became the administrative centre of the "Lucania and Bruttii" province. In the following century, during the Gothic Wars ,
432-618: A tradition in motorsport. Salerno is located at the geographical center of a triangle nicknamed Tourist Triangle of the 3 P's (namely a triangle with the corners in Pompei , Paestum and Positano ). This peculiarity gives Salerno special tourist characteristics that are increased by the many local points of tourist interest like the Lungomare Trieste ( Trieste Seafront Promenade ), the Castello di Arechi ( Arechis ' Castle ),
480-458: Is U.S. Salernitana 1919 , that plays in the second level of Italian football, Serie B . Their home stadium is Stadio Arechi , opened in 1990 and with a capacity of 37,245. The most successful team in the city is the women's handball team PDO Handball Team Salerno, with its four national titles, four national cups and two national supercups; other noteworthy teams are Arechi in rugby and Rari Nantes Salerno in water polo . The city has also
528-585: Is 42 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Salerno grew by 2.02 per cent, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.85 per cent. The current birth rate of Salerno is 7.77 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births. As of 31 December 2010, there were 4,355 foreigners in Salerno. The largest immigrant group came from other European countries (mainly Ukraine and Romania). The population
SECTION 10
#1732772574324576-579: Is an ancient city and comune (municipality) in Campania , southwestern Italy, and is the capital of the namesake province , being the second largest city in the region by number of inhabitants, after Naples . It is located on the Gulf of Salerno on the Tyrrhenian Sea . In recent history the city hosted Victor Emmanuel III , the King of Italy , who moved from Rome in 1943 after Italy negotiated
624-401: Is defined as a person or group that originates or helps open up a new line of thought or activity or a new method or technical development. Pioneer was laid down 30 October 1941 by Pennsylvania Shipyards , Inc., Beaumont, Texas ; launched 26 July 1942; sponsored by Mrs. H. R. Jessup; and commissioned 27 February 1943. Pioneer trained her crew and experimented with newly developed gear in
672-640: Is made up by containers. Salerno is connected to the A2 , Autostrada A3 and Autostrada A30 motorways. Salerno station is the main railway station of the city. It is connected to the high-speed railway network via the Milan-Salerno corridor. The main bus stop of Salerno is also at the train station, with both CSTP buses and SITA buses. A metro light rail line connects the train station with Stadio Arechi , with seven intermediate stops. A new Maritime Terminal Station, designed by Zaha Hadid Architects,
720-613: Is now Salerno has been continuously settled since pre-historical times, as the discoveries of Neolithic mummy remains documents. Inhabited by Oscan-speaking populations, the region was colonized by the Etruscans , who founded the city of Irnthi in the 6th century BC, across the Irno river, in what is today city quarter of Fratte, as a part of their Dodecapolis political model they essentially replicated in Campania . This settlement represented an important base for Etruscan trade with
768-414: Is overwhelmingly Roman Catholic . The economy of Salerno is mainly based on services and tourism, as most of the city's manufacturing base did not survive the economic crisis of the 1970s. The remaining ones are connected to pottery and food production and treatment. The Port of Salerno is one of the most active of the Tyrrhenian Sea . It handles about 10 million tons of cargo per year, 60% of which
816-730: The Allies of World War II , and suffered a great deal of damage. Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington , who was killed in action during the fighting, is buried in Salerno War Cemetery. From 12 February to 17 July 1944, it hosted the Government of Marshal Pietro Badoglio . In those months Salerno was the provisional government seat of the Kingdom of Italy , and the King Vittorio Emanuele III lived in
864-558: The Gulf of Mexico , Chesapeake Bay , and the Potomac River before joining a Mediterranean -bound convoy at New York City on 14 May 1943, for the first of four escort voyages from New York or Norfolk, Virginia , to North African ports. In November she took up patrol and escort duty within the Mediterranean. On 26 November 1943, while bound east from Oran , Pioneer's convoy was attacked by German bombers. They hit
912-576: The Pioneer recognized for this extraordinary rescue operation. She protected critically important Allied convoys in the Mediterranean until assigned to the assault force for the Anzio operation early in January 1944. After training at Salerno , her group sortied from Naples on 21 January to sweep a mile-wide channel into the fire support and transport areas, and then swept these areas themselves. When
960-536: The 19th century Salerno supported ideas of the Risorgimento and welcomed Garibaldi in 1861. The city is divided into three distinct zones: the medieval sector, the 19th century sector and the more densely populated post-war area, with its several apartment blocks. A patron saint of Salerno is Saint Matthew , the Apostle , whose relics are kept here at the crypt of Salerno Cathedral . The area of what
1008-594: The Empress captive for nearly one year. The combined treachery and stubbornness of D'Aiello and his followers cost Salerno much after the Hohenstaufen conquest: Henry's son, Frederick II , moreover, issued a series of edicts that reduced Salerno's role in favour of Naples (in particular, the foundation of the University of Naples in that city). At Charles II of Naples , his father Charles I of Anjou granted
SECTION 20
#17327725743241056-620: The Goths were defeated by the Byzantines , and the Salerno briefly returned to the control of Constantinople (from 553 to 568), before the Lombards invaded almost the whole peninsula. Like many coastal cities of southern Italy ( Gaeta , Sorrento , Amalfi ), Salerno initially remained untouched by the newcomers, falling only in 646. It subsequently became part of the Duchy of Benevento . Under
1104-612: The Lombard dukes Salerno enjoyed the most splendid period of its history. In 774 Arechis II of Benevento transferred the seat of the Duchy of Benevento to Salerno, in order to elude Charlemagne 's offensive and to secure for himself the control of a strategic area, the centre of coastal and internal communications in Campania. With Arechis II, Salerno became a centre of studies with its famous Medical School . The Lombard prince ordered
1152-589: The Navy Register on 1 July 1972, the ship was sold to Mexico on 19 September 1972. Pioneer received 4 battle stars for World War II service. On 19 September 1972, the former Pioneer was sold to the Mexican Navy and became ARM Leandro Valle (C70), the lead ship of the Mexican Navy's Valle class of offshore patrol vessels . Her pennant number was later changed to G01, and in 1993,
1200-560: The Neapolitan throne. The latter decreed the closing of the Schola Medica Salernitana, which had been declining for decades to the level of a theoretical school. In the same period, even the religious orders were suppressed and numerous ecclesiastical properties were confiscated. The city expanded beyond the ancient walls and sea connections were potentiated as they represented an important road network that crossed
1248-574: The Principality of Salerno in the Kingdom of Sicily (or Regno) in 1272. From the 14th century onwards, most of the Salerno province became the territory of the Princes of Sanseverino , powerful feudal lords who acted as real owners of the region. They accumulated enormous political and administrative power and attracted artists and men of letters in their own princely palace. In the 15th century,
1296-532: The Wenner family settled permanently in Salerno. In 1877 the city was the site of as many as 21 textile mills employing around ten thousand workers; in comparison with the four thousand employed in Turin's textile industry, Salerno was sometimes referred to as the " Manchester of the two Sicilies". In September 1943, during World War II, Salerno was the scene of Operation Avalanche , the invasion of Italy launched by
1344-529: The advantage of being one of the sunniest towns in Italy. In 2007, there were 140,580 people residing in Salerno, located in the province of Salerno, Campania , of whom 46.7% were male and 53.3% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 19.61 per cent of the population compared to pensioners who number 21.86 per cent. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06 per cent (minors) and 19.94 per cent (pensioners). The average age of Salerno residents
1392-969: The beachhead by sea as it was by land. She returned to wider-ranging escort assignments when advancing Allied land forces broke through to Anzio late in May. On 12 August, Pioneer sortied for the invasion of southern France . Again minesweepers led the way, clearing the assault area, ignoring shore battery attacks while completing their complex and vital task. Patrol and sweeping operations included extensive activity to prepare newly captured Marseille to receive shipping. Pioneer sailed from Bizerte on 24 November for stateside overhaul preparatory to Pacific deployment, for which she left Norfolk, Virginia , 15 February 1945, bound for Panama en route to Hawaii . Arriving Pearl Harbor on 18 March after underway training, Pioneer installed new radar gear and joined in exercises before getting underway for Okinawa on 23 May. Calls en route delayed her arrival until 7 August. For
1440-607: The beginning of a long period of decadence for the city. A slow renewal of the city occurred in the 18th century with the end of the Spanish dominion and the construction of many refined houses and churches characterising the main streets of the historical centre. In 1799 Salerno was incorporated into the Parthenopean Republic . During the Napoleonic era , first Joseph Bonaparte and then Joachim Murat ascended
1488-401: The city became a great centre of learning, culture and the arts, and the family hired several of the greatest intellectuals of the time. Later, in 1694, the city was struck by several catastrophic earthquakes and plagues. During a period of Spanish rule the city suffered a crisis which would last until the 18th century, but under Napoleon Salerno became part of the Parthenopean Republic . In
P101 - Misplaced Pages Continue
1536-636: The city to be fortified; the Castle on the Bonadies mountain had already been built with walls and towers. In 839 Salerno declared independence from Benevento, becoming the capital of a flourishing principality stretching out to Capua , northern Calabria and Apulia up to Taranto . In 871–872, the Aghlabids besieged Salerno , but the city was relieved by Louis II of Italy . Around the year 1000 prince Guaimar IV annexed Amalfi , Sorrento , Gaeta and
1584-640: The city was the scene of battles between the Angevin and the Aragonese royal houses with whom the local lords took sides alternatingly. In the first decades of the 16th century, the last descendant of the Sanseverino princes, Ferdinando Sanseverino , was in conflict with the viceroy of the king of Spain , mainly because of his opposition to the Inquisition , causing the ruin of the whole family and
1632-459: The heiress to the kingdom, in 1191, Salerno surrendered and promised loyalty on the mere news of an incoming army. This so disgusted the archbishop, Nicolò d'Aiello (from Naples), that he abandoned the city and fled to Naples , which held out in a siege. In 1194, the situation reversed itself: Naples capitulated, along with most other cities of the Mezzogiorno, and only Salerno resisted. It
1680-424: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P101&oldid=1118288567 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages USS Pioneer (AM-105) Pioneer was a U.S. Navy oceangoing minesweeper, named after the word "pioneer," which
1728-693: The nearby Greek colonies of Posidonia and Elea . It was occupied by the Samnites around the 5th century BC as a consequence of the Battle of Cumae (474 BC) as part of the Syracusan sphere of influence . With the Roman advance in Campania, Irna began to lose its importance, being supplanted by the new Roman colony (197 BC) of Salernum , developing around an initial castrum . The new city, which gradually lost its military function in favour of its role as
1776-513: The numerous plots led to the fall of Guaimar. His weaker son Gisulf II succeeded him, but the decline of the principality had begun. In 1077 Salerno reached its zenith but soon lost all its territory to the Normans. On 13 December 1076, the Norman conqueror Robert Guiscard , who had married Guaimar IV's daughter Sikelgaita , besieged Salerno and defeated his brother-in-law Gisulf. In this period
1824-420: The remainder of the year, Pioneer joined in the gigantic task of clearing Japanese and Chinese waters of the thousands of mines laid in a decade of warfare. Peaceful use of the oceans restored, Pioneer returned to San Pedro, California , 14 February 1946 to inactivate. She decommissioned and went into reserve at San Diego, California , 8 July 1946. She was redesignated MSF-105 on 7 February 1955. Struck from
1872-555: The royal palace of Castel Terracena and the cathedral were built, and science was boosted as the Schola Medica Salernitana , open to women like Trota of Salerno and Mercuriade also, considered the most ancient medical institution of the European West, reached its maximum splendour with text like Trotula . At this time in the late 11th century, the city was home to 50,000 people. In 1100, Salerno
1920-469: The town connecting the eastern plain with the area leading to Vietri and Naples . Salerno was an active center of Carbonari activities supporting the unification of Italy in the 19th century. The majority of the population of Salerno supported ideas of the Risorgimento against the Bourbon , and in 1861 many of them joined Garibaldi in his struggle for unification. After the unification of Italy ,
1968-465: The transports entered the newly cleared area, Pioneer began antisubmarine and antiaircraft patrol, and then resumed escort duties, bringing reinforcements to Anzio on 24 January. Desperate German resistance by land and air as well as from the sea prevented a breakout from Anzio. Pioneer guarded the beleaguered beachhead, patrolling to seaward, escorting supply and reinforcement movements, and sweeping mines dropped by enemy planes intent on isolating
P101 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2016-589: The whole duchy of Apulia and Calabria, starting to conceive a future unification of the whole southern Italy under Salerno's arms. The coins minted in the city circulated all over the Mediterranean, with the Opulenta Salernum wording to certify its richness. However, the stability of the Principate was continually shaken by the Saracen attacks and, most of all, by internal struggles. In 1056, one of
2064-798: The world, the Scuola Medica Salernitana , the most important source of medical knowledge in Europe in the early Middle Ages. It was closed in 1811 by Joachim Murat . In 1944 king Vittorio Emanuele III established Istituto Universitario di Magistero " Giovanni Cuomo ". In 1968 the university became state-controlled. Today University of Salerno is located in the neighboring town of Fisciano and has about 34,000 students and ten faculties: Arts and Philosophy, Economics, Education, Engineering, Foreign language and literature, Law, Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, Medicine, Pharmacy and Political Science. The city's main football team
2112-560: Was an independent Lombard principality, the Principality of Salerno , which around the 11th century comprised most of Southern Italy. During this time, the Schola Medica Salernitana , the first medical school in the world, was founded. The Normans in 1077 made Salerno the capital of their rule in all continental southern Italy. In the 16th century, under the Sanseverino family, among the most powerful feudal lords in southern Italy,
2160-756: Was changed for the final time to P101. Leandro Valle was retired from service by 2004. According to divers on a trip to Mexico, the ship was sunk by the Mexican navy in June 2006. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . The entry can be found here . Salerno Salerno ( UK : / s æ ˈ l ɛər n oʊ / , US : / s ə ˈ -, s ɑː ˈ -, s ə ˈ l ɜːr n oʊ / ; Italian: [saˈlɛrno] ; Neapolitan : Salierno [saˈljernə] )
2208-475: Was completed in 2016 and was opened for the 2017 cruise season. Salerno features three marinas: Manfredi Pier, Masuccio Salernitano, and Marina di Arechi (opened in 2015). The commercial port of Manfredi is connected with the Amalfi coast and the islands of Gulf of Naples . Salerno Airport is located in the neighboring towns of Pontecagnano Faiano and Bellizzi . Salerno hosted the oldest medical school in
2256-600: Was made the capital of Norman southern Italy, after Melfi . Salerno was the most important city of the Normans for half a century, but with the Norman conquest of southern Italy , the city of Palermo started to substitute Salerno as the most important city for the Normans. Indeed, Salerno played a little part in the fall of the County of Sicily , after the Emperor Henry VI 's invasion on behalf of his wife, Constance ,
2304-441: Was sacked and pillaged, much reducing its importance and prosperity. Henry had his reasons, though. He had entrusted Constance to some important Salerno citizens (advised & "ruled" by the archbishop d'Aiello) and after his retreat from invasion in 1191 they had received letters about the events from Nicolò D'Aiello and so betrayed Henry, attacked Constance at Castel Terracena and handed her over to King Tancred of Sicily , making
#323676