104-507: Poundbury is an experimental urban extension on the western outskirts of Dorchester in the county of Dorset , England. The development is led by the Duchy of Cornwall , and had the keen endorsement of King Charles III when he was Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall . Under the direction of its lead architect and planner Léon Krier , its design is based on traditional architecture and New Urbanist philosophy. The 2021 census showed
208-930: A blessing read by the following: Stephen Cottrell , Archbishop of York ; Nikitas Loulias , the Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Thyateira and Great Britain ; the Moderator of the Free Churches ; the Secretary General of Churches Together in England ; His Eminence Vincent Cardinal Nichols , Archbishop of Westminster ; and the Archbishop of Canterbury, representing the Anglican, Greek Orthodox, Nonconformist, ecumenical, and Roman Catholic traditions respectively. Charles moved to
312-465: A framework for urban planning decision-making. Another debate within the urban planning field is about who is included and excluded in the urban planning decision-making process. Most urban planning processes use a top-down approach which fails to include the residents of the places where urban planners and city officials are working. Sherry Arnstein 's "ladder of citizen participation" is often used by many urban planners and city governments to determine
416-481: A growing and diverse community suggests it's getting a lot of things right." He argued that its main success was achieving genuine mixed-use development . Jenkins argued that while Poundbury had been "initially ersatz and frigid", it had "matured" and been more successful than earlier new towns . Countering criticisms of Poundbury's aesthetics, English philosopher Sir Roger Scruton praised the town for its commitment to pre-modern architectural and planning principles. In
520-637: A peak UK television audience of 20.4 million, making it the most watched television broadcast of 2023. The coronation elicited both celebrations and protest in the United Kingdom, with surveys carried out before the event suggesting that the British public was ambivalent towards the ceremony and its funding by taxpayers. The events in London and Windsor drew large crowds, but were also protested against by republican groups ; 64 individuals were arrested on
624-530: A plinth located at Queen Mother Square and inaugurated the Duke of Edinburgh Garden where they also unveiled a bust of the King's father Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh . In 2010, Poundbury increased Dorset's county local economy contributing over £330 million; it is expected to contribute £500 million in the next 15 years. In 2010, more than 2,000 Poundbury residents were working in 180 local businesses. In 2017,
728-548: A population of 4,100. Due for completion in 2025, it is expected to house a population of 6,000. There are 2,000 people in more than 180 businesses engaged in its development and construction. Poundbury has been praised for reviving the low-rise streetscape built to the human scale and for echoing traditional local design features, but it has not reduced car use, as originally intended. A 2022 report said: "Poundbury has been highlighted for its pedestrian and public transport links and not being as 'car-based' as other developments across
832-607: A service of Holy Communion . Charles and Camilla first proceeded into the abbey, then Charles was presented to the people and recognised as monarch. After this Charles took an oath stating that he will uphold the law and maintain the Church of England. He then was anointed with holy oil, invested with the coronation regalia , and crowned with St Edward's Crown. After this he was enthroned and received homage from Justin Welby , Archbishop of Canterbury , and William, Prince of Wales , and
936-584: A year, attended by representatives of the UK government , the Church of England , and Charles's staff. The organisation of the coronation was the responsibility of the earl marshal , the Duke of Norfolk . A committee of privy counsellors arranged the event. In October 2022, the date of the coronation was announced as 6 May 2023, a choice made to ensure sufficient time to mourn the death of Elizabeth II before holding
1040-455: Is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas , such as transportation , communications , and distribution networks , and their accessibility . Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements . The primary concern
1144-538: Is an interdisciplinary field that includes civil engineering , architecture , human geography , politics , social science and design sciences . Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design , public consultation , policy recommendations, implementation and management. It is closely related to the field of urban design and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings and other urban areas. Urban planners work with
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#17328020077481248-444: Is customary for the supertunica and robe royal to be reused, Charles also wore vestments used by George IV , George V , George VI , and Elizabeth II. Camilla similarly reused vestments, including Elizabeth II's robe of state , but also wore a new robe of estate featuring her cypher , bees, a beetle, and various plants and flowers. She also wore a new coronation gown, created by Bruce Oldfield and embroidered with wildflowers,
1352-465: Is evidence of urban planning and designed communities dating back to the Mesopotamian , Indus Valley , Minoan , and Egyptian civilizations in the third millennium BCE . Archaeologists studying the ruins of cities in these areas find paved streets that were laid out at right angles in a grid pattern. The idea of a planned out urban area evolved as different civilizations adopted it. Beginning in
1456-470: Is no zoning . The planners claim they are designing the development around people rather than the car and aim to provide a high-quality environment. To avoid constant construction, utilities are buried in common utility ducts under the town. Common areas are maintained by a management company to which all residents belong. It consists of 35 percent social housing and is designed for sustainable development , which includes carbon neutrality . To some degree,
1560-559: Is projected to support approximately 5,800 people. Greetings card entrepreneur Andrew Brownsword sponsored the £1 million development of the market hall at Poundbury, designed by John Simpson and based on early designs, particularly the one in Tetbury . In June 2023, King Charles III and Queen Camilla visited Poundbury for the first time since their coronation in May . During their visit they unveiled bronze reliefs of themselves on
1664-503: Is space for about 80 additional businesses. Poundbury has two primary schools in the catchment area: The Prince of Wales and Damers First School. The latter was an existing school in Dorchester, but in 2017 relocated to Poundbury where a new school building was constructed. The 2021 national census showed a population of 4,100. In 2021, 89.5% of the population was born in the United Kingdom and 10.5% born outside. The ethnic makeup of
1768-646: Is the Geographic Information System (GIS) that is used to create a model of the existing planning and then to project future impacts on the society, economy and environment. Building codes and other regulations dovetail with urban planning by governing how cities are constructed and used from the individual level. Enforcement methodologies include governmental zoning , planning permissions , and building codes , as well as private easements and restrictive covenants . With recent advances in information and communication technologies and
1872-416: Is the body of scientific concepts, definitions, behavioral relationships, and assumptions that define the body of knowledge of urban planning. There are eight procedural theories of planning that remain the principal theories of planning procedure today: the rational-comprehensive approach, the incremental approach, the transactive approach, the communicative approach, the advocacy approach, the equity approach,
1976-402: Is unnecessary, or even harmful, as it market efficiency allows for effective land use. A pluralist strain of political thinking argues in a similar vein that the government should not intrude in the political competition between different interest groups which decides how land is used. The traditional justification for urban planning has in response been that the planner does to the city what
2080-673: The Department for Culture, Media and Sport released figures showing that it had spent just over £50million in its role coordinating the event, while the Home Office paid £22million in policing costs, totalling £72million government spend on the Coronation. The cost of the coronation was criticised by the campaign group Republic and the Scottish National Party MP Ronnie Cowan in light of
2184-560: The Enlightenment period , several European rulers ambitiously attempted to redesign capital cities. During the Second French Empire , Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann , under the direction of Napoleon III , redesigned the city of Paris into a more modern capital, with long, straight, wide boulevards. Planning and architecture went through a paradigm shift at the turn of the 20th century. The industrialized cities of
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#17328020077482288-647: The Household Cavalry and the Fanfare Trumpeters of the Royal Air Force played the fanfares. All eight of the massed bands in the coronation procession played the same music, keeping time with each other with the help of a radio broadcast click track – the first time such technology has been used on such a large-scale ceremonial event; previously bands would march to different pieces of music starting at different times. The tempo set
2392-496: The Internet of Things , an increasing number of cities are adopting technologies such as crowdsorced mobile phone sensing and machine learning to collect data and extract useful information to help make informed urban planning decisions. An urban planner is a professional who works in the field of urban planning for the purpose of optimizing the effectiveness of a community's land use and infrastructure. They formulate plans for
2496-642: The King's Champion , Francis Dymoke, carrying the Royal Standard . The Lord High Constable of England and the Earl Marshal also took part. Charles and Camilla were each attended by four pages of honour , including Prince George of Wales and Camilla's grandsons. Camilla was also accompanied by two ladies in attendance: Annabel Elliot , her sister, and the Marchioness of Lansdowne . Unexpectedly
2600-499: The Philharmonia Orchestra , Royal Philharmonic Orchestra , BBC National Orchestra of Wales , Regina Symphony Orchestra , English Chamber Orchestra , Scottish Chamber Orchestra , Royal Opera House Orchestra and Welsh National Opera Orchestra, which are all patronised by Charles. The orchestra, situated in the organ loft , was conducted by Antonio Pappano and led by Vasko Vasilev . The State Trumpeters of
2704-703: The United Kingdom's floral emblems , her cypher, a pair of dogs, and her grandchildren's names. St Edward's Crown , which was used to crown the King, was removed from the Tower of London in December 2022 for resizing. In February 2023 Queen Mary's Crown , which was used to crown the Queen, was also removed from display to be reset with Cullinan III, IV and V and for four of its eight detachable arches to be removed. The Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
2808-477: The bishop of London , Sarah Mullally , respectively. This was followed by a sermon by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Charles removed his robe of state and was seated on the Coronation Chair . He then was anointed with holy oil by the Archbishop of Canterbury, using the ampulla and a medieval spoon, the latter the oldest part of the coronation regalia. The anointing emphasised the spiritual role of
2912-417: The housing crisis in parts of the world. Coronation of Charles III and Camilla The coronation of Charles III and his wife, Camilla , as king and queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms , took place on Saturday, 6 May 2023 at Westminster Abbey . Charles acceded to the throne on 8 September 2022 upon the death of his mother , Elizabeth II . It
3016-549: The water supply , identifying transportation patterns, recognizing food supply demands, allocating healthcare and social services, and analyzing the impact of land use. In order to predict how cities will develop and estimate the effects of their interventions, planners use various models. These models can be used to indicate relationships and patterns in demographic, geographic, and economic data. They might deal with short-term issues such as how people move through cities, or long-term issues such as land use and growth. One such model
3120-491: The window tax . In 1987, the land was included in the West Dorset District Council local plan as a preferred location for development to expand the town of Dorchester. Charles III, the then-Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall, had already taken an interest in architecture and urban design, and was writing his book A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture . Seeing an opportunity to put
3224-516: The 19th century grew at a tremendous rate. The evils of urban life for the working poor were becoming increasingly evident as a matter of public concern. The laissez-faire style of government management of the economy, in fashion for most of the Victorian era , was starting to give way to a New Liberalism that championed intervention on the part of the poor and disadvantaged. Around 1900, theorists began developing urban planning models to mitigate
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3328-458: The 8th century BCE, Greek city states primarily used orthogonal (or grid-like) plans. Hippodamus of Miletus (498–408 BC), the ancient Greek architect and urban planner, is considered to be "the father of European urban planning", and the namesake of the "Hippodamian plan" (grid plan) of city layout. The ancient Romans also used orthogonal plans for their cities. City planning in the Roman world
3432-529: The Archbishop of Canterbury and the congregation recited the Lord's Prayer , before a final blessing. At the end of the service the King changed into the Imperial State Crown , during which the congregation sang Praise, my soul, the King of heaven . Charles and Camilla then proceeded to the west door of the abbey as the national anthem, " God Save the King ", was sung. At the end of the procession
3536-599: The BBC documentary Why Beauty Matters , Scruton exclaimed that "the proportions [of Poundbury] are human proportions; the details are restful to the eye. This is not great or original architecture, nor does it try to be; it is a modest attempt to get things right by following patterns and examples laid down by tradition. This is not nostalgia, but knowledge passed on from age to age." Urban development Urban planning , also known as town planning , city planning , regional planning , or rural planning in specific contexts,
3640-472: The Church of England. After this the flags of the Commonwealth realms were carried by representatives, accompanied by their governors general and prime ministers. The choir followed. Charles and Camilla arrived shortly before 11:00 and formed their own procession. It was led by four peers carrying heraldic standards displaying the arms of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, followed by
3744-450: The Commonwealth realms were invited to do so. Camilla was crowned in a shorter and simpler ceremony. After the service, members of the royal family travelled to Buckingham Palace in a state procession and appeared on the palace's rear and front balconies. The service was altered from past British coronations to represent the multiple faiths, cultures, and communities of the United Kingdom. It was shorter than Elizabeth II's coronation, and had
3848-965: The Dorchester civil parish and above that the Dorset unitary authority . The Dorchester Poundbury ward elects one member to Dorset Council , and four of the 20 members of Dorchester's town council . For elections to the House of Commons , Poundbury is part of the West Dorset constituency . The current Member of Parliament (MP) is Edward Morello of the Liberal Democrats . Poundbury's street plan and aesthetics have been variously praised and criticised by several commentators. Writing in Architect magazine, Professor Witold Rybczynski said that "Poundbury embodies social, economic, and planning innovations that can only be called radical." Poundbury
3952-908: The Great West Door of Westminster Abbey, a distance of 1.42 miles (2.29 km). Charles and Camilla used the Diamond Jubilee State Coach , drawn by six Windsor Greys , and were accompanied by the Sovereign's Escort of the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment . The procession into the abbey was led by leaders and representatives from non-Christian religions, including the Baháʼí , Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, Jewish, Shia and Sunni Muslim, Sikh, and Zoroastrian communities. They were followed by leaders from different Christian denominations , including
4056-546: The King received a greeting by governors-general of the realms and representatives from the Jewish, Hindu, Sikh, Muslim, and Buddhist faiths. The abbey bells rang a full peal of "Cambridge Surprise Royal". The second procession followed the same route as the first, but in reverse and on a larger scale. The King and Queen were carried in the Gold State Coach , drawn by eight Windsor Grey horses, with other members of
4160-578: The King was welcomed by one of the Children of the Chapel , to which he replied that he came " not to be served but to serve ". Paul Mealor's "Coronation Kyrie " was sung in Welsh by Sir Bryn Terfel. After this the Archbishop of Canterbury, Lady Elish Angiolini , Christopher Finney , and Baroness Amos stood facing east, south, west, and north and in turn asked the congregation to recognise Charles as king;
4264-572: The King's 64-year tenure as Prince of Wales the Kyrie was set in Welsh by Paul Mealor and was sung by Sir Bryn Terfel . Psalm 71 was chanted to in Greek by a Byzantine choir , which was included in the service in tribute to the King's father, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , who was born a prince of Greece. The director of music for the coronation was Andrew Nethsingha , the organist and master of
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4368-564: The King. This was the first coronation of a consort since that of Charles's grandmother Queen Elizabeth in 1937 . The offertory followed, during which gifts of bread and wine were brought before the King and prayed over; the prayer was a translation from the Liber Regalis , which dates from c. 1382 and is one of the oldest sources for the English coronation service. Charles and Camilla then received Holy Communion from
4472-774: The Multiple Nuclei Model among others. Participatory planning is an urban planning approach that involves the entire community in the planning process. Participatory planning in the United States emerged during the 1960s and 1970s. Technical aspects of urban planning involve the application of scientific, technical processes, considerations and features that are involved in planning for land use , urban design , natural resources , transportation , and infrastructure . Urban planning includes techniques such as: predicting population growth , zoning , geographic mapping and analysis, analyzing park space, surveying
4576-577: The Prince and Princess of Wales and their children, and the Princess Royal , attended coronation rehearsals at Westminster Abbey on 3 May. Westminster Abbey was closed to tourists and worshippers from 25 April for preparations, and did not re-open until 8 May. As at previous coronations, many attendees had an obscured view, as the abbey's nave was filled to capacity. However, on this occasion some television screens were installed in
4680-513: The Prince and Princess of Wales and their two younger children arrived at the Abbey after the King, "whose horses went a lot faster than they had in the practice", and joined the procession after the King and Queen. The choir sang Hubert Parry 's " I was glad ", during which the King's Scholars of Westminster School sang " Vivat Regina Camilla " and " Vivat Rex Carolus " ('Long live Queen Camilla' and 'Long live King Charles'). After this
4784-486: The Prince of Wales's ideas into practice, the Duchy of Cornwall chose to lead on planning the development itself, rather than sell the land to an established housebuilder. Driehaus Prize -winning New Classical architect Léon Krier was hired in 1988 to design the development. Construction commenced in 1993, and is expected to be complete around 2025, with the north-west quadrant being the last built. The final configuration
4888-639: The Queen Mother statue was unveiled at the square by Elizabeth II and her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . Also in 2016, a pub named the Duchess of Cornwall Inn was opened in honour of the wife of Charles III (then Prince of Wales), Queen Camilla . Every year in August, the Dorset Food & Arts Festival is held at Queen Mother Square attracting thousands of people. The festival showcases
4992-466: The Sovereign Grant for the Coronation came to £800,000 although that didn't include security and military costs which were paid by the government. The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport stated that it was "unable to give costs, or a breakdown of funding" until after the coronation, but unofficial estimates of £ 50 million to £250 million have been reported. In November 2024
5096-405: The United Kingdom and protect the Church of England. Subsequently, he made the statutory accession declaration . Charles then signed a written form of the oath, before kneeling before the altar and saying a prayer. The service of Holy Communion then continued. The Archbishop of Canterbury delivered the collect , and the epistle and gospel were read by the prime minister , Rishi Sunak , and
5200-418: The United States. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs predicted in 2018 that around 2.5 billion more people occupy urban areas by 2050 according to population elements of global migration. New planning theories have adopted non-traditional concepts such as Blue Zones and Innovation Districts to incorporate geographic areas within the city that allow for novel business development and
5304-553: The ceremony. A Coronation Claims Office was established within the Cabinet Office to handle claims to perform a historic or ceremonial role at the coronation, replacing the Court of Claims . The posts of Lord High Steward and Lord High Constable of England , which are now only named for coronations, were given to General Sir Gordon Messenger and Admiral Sir Tony Radakin , respectively. The holy anointing oil used in
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#17328020077485408-679: The choristers at the abbey. During the service, the organ was played by Peter Holder , and before the service by Matthew Jorysz . Before the service John Eliot Gardiner conducted the Monteverdi Choir and English Baroque Soloists . The main choir was a combination of the choirs of Westminster Abbey, the Chapel Royal , the octet from the Monteverdi Choir, Methodist College Belfast Girls' Choir and Truro Cathedral Girls' Choir. The orchestra players were drawn from
5512-530: The cognate fields of civil engineering, landscape architecture , architecture, and public administration to achieve strategic, policy and sustainability goals. Early urban planners were often members of these cognate fields though today, urban planning is a separate, independent professional discipline. The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning , zoning , economic development , environmental planning , and transportation planning . Creating
5616-551: The coming of the Renaissance many new cities were enlarged with newly planned extensions. From the 15th century on, much more is recorded of urban design and the people that were involved. In this period, theoretical treatises on architecture and urban planning start to appear in which theoretical questions around planning the main lines, ensuring plans meet the needs of the given population and so forth are addressed and designs of towns and cities are described and depicted. During
5720-453: The consequences of the industrial age , by providing citizens, especially factory workers, with healthier environments. The following century would therefore be globally dominated by a central planning approach to urban planning, not representing an increment in the overall quality of the urban realm. At the beginning of the 20th century, urban planning began to be recognized as a separate profession. The Town and Country Planning Association
5824-403: The coronation regalia was carried in procession to the altar. At Charles's request, the sixth-century St Augustine Gospels was also carried in the procession. The service, conducted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, began with the King and Queen having a silent moment of prayer before seating themselves on their chairs of estate, made for the 1953 coronation. In a new element of the service,
5928-481: The country." Among the critics, Stephen Bayley described it as "fake, heartless, authoritarian and grimly cute". In 2009, Dorchester Fire Station, designed by Calderpeel Architects, was shortlisted for the Carbuncle Cup award for ugly buildings. According to Simon Jenkins , "Many architects felt Poundbury was a comment on their failings – as it was – and deploring it became a badge of honour". Nonetheless,
6032-481: The country." Poundbury has been built according to the principles of Charles III , who is known for holding strong views challenging post-war trends in town planning that were suburban in character. Since starting in 1993, the town has received both criticism and praise from architects and design critics. The development is built to a high-density urban pattern, intent on creating an integrated community of shops, businesses, and private and social housing ; there
6136-562: The crowd replied "God save King Charles!" each time. Charles was then presented with a new Bible by the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . The Archbishop of Canterbury acknowledged the existence of multiple faiths and beliefs in the United Kingdom. Charles then took the coronation oath , in which he swore to govern each of his countries according to their respective laws and customs, to administer law and justice with mercy, and to uphold Protestantism in
6240-471: The day, which was criticised by the international advocacy group Human Rights Watch . The celebrations included street parties, volunteering, special commemorative church services , and a concert at Windsor Castle on 7 May. The response in the other Commonwealth realms was similarly mixed; while there were many celebrations, some government officials and indigenous groups took the opportunity to voice republican sentiments and call for reparatory justice . It
6344-472: The degree of inclusivity or exclusivity of their urban planning. One main source of engagement between city officials and residents are city council meetings that are open to the residents and that welcome public comments. Additionally, in US there are some federal requirements for citizen participation in government-funded infrastructure projects. Participatory urban planning has been criticized for contributing to
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#17328020077486448-553: The development and management of urban and suburban areas. They typically analyze land use compatibility as well as economic, environmental, and social trends. In developing any plan for a community (whether commercial, residential, agricultural, natural or recreational), urban planners must consider a wide array of issues including sustainability , existing and potential pollution , transport including potential congestion , crime , land values, economic development, social equity, zoning codes, and other legislation. The importance of
6552-485: The early 21st century, Jane Jacobs 's writings on legal and political perspectives to emphasize the interests of residents, businesses and communities effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning. Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work, and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas . Although predominantly concerned with
6656-691: The emblem in both English and Welsh . The procession into the abbey was led by the Cross of Wales , a new processional cross commissioned by Charles to mark the centenary of the Church in Wales . It includes relics of the True Cross gifted to the King by Pope Francis . The screen which concealed the King during his anointing was designed by iconographer Aidan Hart and embroidered by the Royal School of Needlework . It includes 56 leaves embroidered with
6760-400: The engineer or architect does to the home, that is, make it more amenable to the needs and preferences of its inhabitants. The widely adopted consensus-building model of planning, which seeks to accommodate different preferences within the community has been criticized for being based upon, rather than challenging, the power structures of the community. Instead, agonism has been proposed as
6864-515: The first time this has occurred, and then presented with the Queen Consort's Ring . The Queen then was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury using Queen Mary's Crown. Camilla then was presented with the Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross and the Queen Consort's Rod with Dove (which, unlike other queens consort, she chose not to carry), before sitting on her own throne (originally made for Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 1937) beside
6968-448: The ideas of modernism in urban planning led to higher crime rates and social problems. In the second half of the 20th century, urban planners gradually shifted their focus to individualism and diversity in urban centers. Urban planners studying the effects of increasing congestion in urban areas began to address the externalities, the negative impacts caused by induced demand from larger highway systems in western countries such as in
7072-551: The increased cost for security measures. The events of the coronation day included a procession from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Abbey, the coronation service itself, a procession back to Buckingham Palace, and an appearance by the King and Queen, with other members of the royal family, on the palace balcony for a flypast by the Royal Air Force. The coronation was conducted by the Church of England and contained several distinct elements, which were structured around
7176-402: The leaders of the Commonwealth of Nations. In the evening, the King hosted a reception for foreign royalty and other overseas dignitaries at Buckingham Palace, and family members and guests also attended a reception at Oswald's . In a break with tradition, Charles's coronation vestments (ceremonial clothes) were largely reused from previous coronations instead of being newly made. While it
7280-559: The names of the members of the Commonwealth of Nations . The Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom , Simon Armitage , released a new poem, An Unexpected Guest , to mark the coronation. The poem follows a woman invited to attend the coronation in Westminster Abbey, and quotes Samuel Pepys ' experience at the coronation of Charles II in 1661. In a tradition dating back to the coronation of King Edward II in 1308,
7384-467: The nave to mitigate this. The coronation was a state event funded by the British government, which also decided the guest list. Approximately 2,200 guests from 203 countries were invited. They included members of the British royal family, representatives from the Church of England and other British faith communities, prominent politicians from the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, and foreign heads of state. The number of British political attendees
7488-501: The number of businesses increased to 185, providing 2,345 jobs. Businesses include a Waitrose store, a technical company which produces parts for aeroplane wings, and a chocolate factory. One notable local employer is the breakfast food manufacturer and exporter Dorset Cereals , which since 2000 has employed more than 100 people at its purpose-built barn factory. Dorset Cereals moved to another location in Dorset in 2019. Reportedly there
7592-444: The number of guests, as in contrast to earlier coronations no temporary stands were erected in the building. In addition to the coronation, several dignitaries invited to the event also attended related gatherings hosted by Charles on 5 May in London. Several receptions were hosted by Charles on that day, including one for dignitaries from the Commonwealth realms at Buckingham Palace, and another reception at Marlborough House for all
7696-500: The official account of the event, the Coronation Roll, was presented to the King and Queen on 3 May 2024. The roll of hand-stitched paper is 21 metres long and contains 11,500 words, crafted by calligrapher Stephanie von Werthern-Gill and illustrated by Timothy Noad. The roll will be kept with its predecessors at The National Archives , but has been digitised and is accessible online. Twelve new pieces were commissioned for
7800-439: The ongoing cost-of-living crisis in the United Kingdom . In comparison, Elizabeth II's coronation cost £912,000 in 1953, equating to £20.5m in May 2023, while George VI's cost £454,000 in 1937, equating to £24.8m in May 2023. George VI's coronation prior to the coronation of Charles III and Camilla was the most expensive in the last 300 years. The elevated expenses for Charles and Camilla's coronation has been partly attributed to
7904-488: The people were invited to swear allegiance . Camilla then was anointed, crowned, and enthroned. The King and Queen ended the service by taking Holy Communion, and processed out of the abbey. Several public viewing spots of the procession were prepared. Tens of thousands of people from the UK and the rest of the world were estimated to have lined the procession route. Despite the forecast for rain, spectators started camping along
8008-815: The planning of settlements and communities, urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people, and waste; the distribution of basic necessities such as water and electricity; a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance that actively contributes to reduction in CO 2 emissions as well as protecting heritage structures and built environments. Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes. Urban planning
8112-899: The plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning. Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings and public spaces. Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington, D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lúcio Costa in Brasília and Georges-Eugene Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning. There
8216-476: The prioritization of infrastructure that would assist with improving the quality of life of citizens by extending their potential lifespan. Planning practices have incorporated policy changes to help address anthropogenic (human caused) climate change . London began to charge a congestion charge for cars trying to access already crowded places in the city. Cities nowadays stress the importance of public transit and cycling by adopting such policies. Planning theory
8320-444: The procession route days before the event. On the morning of the event, authorities announced the procession route had reached capacity at 8:29. On the day of the coronation Charles and Camilla travelled to Westminster Abbey in procession. They departed Buckingham Palace at 10:20 BST and went along The Mall , down Whitehall and along Parliament Street, and around the east and south sides of Parliament Square before reaching
8424-440: The procession. Andrew Jamieson was commissioned to create the coronation invitation, which featured the couple's coats of arms, the floral emblems of the United Kingdom , and a Green Man amid other British wildflowers and wildlife. The coronation emblem was designed by Jony Ive with his creative collective LoveFrom, and depicts the floral emblems of the United Kingdom in the shape of St Edward's Crown. There are versions of
8528-460: The project has also received praise. In 2013, on the 20th anniversary of the project, the New Urbanist publication Better Cities and Towns wrote that it was "winning converts". A few years later, British architecture and design critic Oliver Wainwright of The Guardian wrote, "Poundbury, the Prince of Wales's traditionalist village in Dorset, has long been mocked as a feudal Disneyland. But
8632-502: The project shows similarities with the contemporary New Urbanism movement. The development brief outlined having a centre built in a classical style and outer neighbourhood areas in a vernacular style, with design influences derived from the surrounding area. The development includes period features such as wrought iron fences, porticos , gravelled public squares, and 'bricked-up' windows; known as blind windows, these traditionally serve an aesthetic function and are widely misattributed to
8736-682: The radical approach, and the humanist or phenomenological approach. Some other conceptual planning theories include Ebenezer Howard 's The Three Magnets theory that he envisioned for the future of British settlement, also his Garden Cities , the Concentric Model Zone also called the Burgess Model by sociologist Ernest Burgess , the Radburn Superblock that encourages pedestrian movement, the Sector Model and
8840-552: The service and used alongside older works, including several used at previous coronations. Six of the new commissions were performed by the orchestra before the service — those by Judith Weir ; Sir Karl Jenkins ; a vocal piece by Sarah Class performed by Pretty Yende ; Nigel Hess , Roderick Williams , and Shirley J. Thompson ; Iain Farrington ; and a new march by Patrick Doyle . New compositions by Roxanna Panufnik , Tarik O'Regan , and Andrew Lloyd Webber were part of
8944-554: The service was consecrated at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on 6 March 2023 by Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem , under the supervision of Hosam Naoum , the Anglican archbishop of Jerusalem . It was based on the same formula as the oil used in the coronation of Elizabeth II , but without animal products such as civet . Military dress rehearsals took place on 17, 18, and 19 April. The King and Queen,
9048-495: The service, and Debbie Wiseman composed two related pieces, one of which was performed by the Ascension Choir. Existing works by William Byrd , George Frideric Handel , William Boyce , Edward Elgar , Walford Davies , William Walton , Hubert Parry , and Ralph Vaughan Williams were included, as they had been at previous coronations. Six pieces were performed in new arrangements by John Rutter . In tribute to
9152-516: The sovereign. It was a private part of the service; as in 1953 it was not televised, and Charles was concealed by a screen. During this the choir sang the anthem Zadok the Priest . In the next part of the service, Charles was presented with several items from the coronation regalia. The spurs , armills , Sword of State, and Sword of Offering were given to the King, who touched them with his hand, before they were removed again. During this, Psalm 71
9256-416: The throne (originally made for George VI in 1937) and the Archbishop of Canterbury and William, Prince of Wales, offered him their fealty. The Archbishop of Canterbury then invited the people of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms to swear allegiance to the King, the first time this has occurred. The next part of the service concerned Camilla. She was anointed in public view, thought to be
9360-543: The town in 2021 was 93.7% White ( White British or White Other ), 2.4% Asian , 0.9% Black , 2.6% Mixed or of multiple ethnic groups and 0.4% of other ethnic group. Due to Poundbury's unique appearance and plan, the town has been visited by architects, government officials, planners, housebuilders, and developers from around the world. The Queen Mother Square is surrounded by tourist attractions, such as Strathmore House, named in honour of King Charles' grandmother Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 's paternal heritage. In 2016,
9464-609: The town's fine produce and arts and also raises money for charities. In 2018, the Prince of Wales officially opened Poundbury's first church, the Dorchester Community Church. In May 2022, the Prince of Wales formally opened a huge play area in Poundbury's largest park, the Great Field. The Great Field is now a park under the care of Dorchester Town Council. Poundbury has two tiers of local government:
9568-602: The urban planner is increasing in the 21st century, as modern society begins to face issues of increased population growth, climate change and unsustainable development. An urban planner could be considered a green collar professional. Some researchers suggest that urban planners, globally, work in different " planning cultures ", adapted to their cities and cultures. However, professionals have identified skills, abilities, and basic knowledge sets that are common to urban planners across regional and national boundaries. The school of neoclassical economics argues that planning
9672-514: Was 108 beats per minute, slowed down from the regulation 116 beats per minute because of the size of the bands. An official coronation album, which includes all music and spoken word from the pre-service and service was recorded and released by Decca Records after the ceremony. As a state event, the event was paid for by the British government as well as Buckingham Palace through the Sovereign Grant and Privy Purse . Costs incurred by
9776-482: Was chanted in Greek by an Orthodox choir in tribute to the King's father, Prince Philip , who was born a prince of Greece. The King was invested with the stole royal , robe royal , and the Sovereign's Orb , and presented with the sovereign's ring , which he touched but did not wear. He was then invested with the glove , the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross , and the Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove . The King then
9880-472: Was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury, with the Archbishop and then the congregation chanting, "God save the King!". At the moment of crowning the church bells of the abbey rang, 21-gun salutes were fired at 13 locations around the United Kingdom and on deployed Royal Navy ships , and 62-gun salutes and a six-gun salvo were fired from the Tower of London and Horse Guards Parade . Charles then received
9984-589: Was developed for military defense and public convenience. The spread of the Roman Empire subsequently spread the ideas of urban planning. As the Roman Empire declined, these ideas slowly disappeared. However, many cities in Europe still held onto the planned Roman city center. Cities in Europe from the 9th to 14th centuries, often grew organically and sometimes chaotically. But in the following centuries with
10088-636: Was founded in 1899 and the first academic course in Great Britain on urban planning was offered by the University of Liverpool in 1909. In the 1920s, the ideas of modernism and uniformity began to surface in urban planning, and lasted until the 1970s. In 1933, Le Corbusier presented the Radiant City, a city that grows up in the form of towers, as a solution to the problem of pollution and over-crowding. But many planners started to believe that
10192-419: Was intended to reduce car dependency and encourage walking, cycling, and public transport. A survey conducted at the end of the first phase, however, showed that car use was higher in Poundbury than in the surrounding (rural) former district of West Dorset; but a 2022 report said "Poundbury has been highlighted for its pedestrian and public transport links and not being as 'car-based' as other developments across
10296-534: Was morning dress, a lounge suit, formal military uniform or national dress. The official photographer of the coronation was Hugo Burnand , who had previously been the official photographer for Charles and Camilla's wedding in 2005. Eileen Hogan was selected to paint the coronation ceremony, and Peter Kuhfeld and Paul Benney to paint the coronation portraits of Charles and Camilla respectively. Three alumni of The Royal Drawing School , Fraser Scarfe, Phoebe Stannard and Gideon Summerfield, were picked to document
10400-551: Was not used, to avoid a potential diplomatic dispute with India; the crown contains the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is claimed by India. The dress code for peers without a role in the ceremony was originally lounge suits or parliamentary robes , rather than the coronets, coronation robes, and court dress traditionally worn. This was changed in the week before the coronation after protests, with peers allowed to wear coronation robes but not coronets. The general dress code for men
10504-507: Was reduced significantly from 1953, when virtually the entire Parliament of the United Kingdom attended. Invitations were extended to 850 community and charity representatives, including 450 British Empire Medal recipients and 400 young persons, half of whom were nominated by the government. Following a tradition dating from 1189, fourteen barons of the Cinque Ports were also invited. Safety regulations at Westminster Abbey restricted
10608-431: Was the public welfare , which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation , protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities. Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental bottom lines that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people, maintaining sustainability standards. Similarly, in
10712-742: Was the first British coronation in the 21st century and the 40th to be held at Westminster Abbey since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066. Charles III became king immediately upon the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II , at 15:10 BST on 8 September 2022. He was proclaimed king by the Accession Council on 10 September, which was followed by proclamations in other Commonwealth realms . Charles's wife Camilla became queen consort . During Elizabeth II's reign, planning meetings for Charles's coronation, code-named Operation Golden Orb , were held at least once
10816-530: Was the first coronation held since Elizabeth II's coronation in 1953 nearly 70 years prior. The ceremony was structured around an Anglican service of Holy Communion . It included Charles taking an oath, being anointed with holy oil , and receiving the coronation regalia , emphasising his spiritual role and secular responsibilities. Representatives of the Church of England and the British royal family declared their allegiance to him, and people throughout
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