Misplaced Pages

#87912

48-746: One of the oldest routes through Paris, dating to the Roman era, was that through the centre of the city heading for Meaux and Melun . This road began in Paris with what is now the Rue du Pourtour-Saint-Gervais as far as the Porte Baudoyer, the gate into the 5th-century enclosure level with the Rue des Barres and Place Baudoyer. Beyond the city walls, it was known as the Rue Saint-Antoine (including today's Rue François-Miron and Rue des Barres as far as

96-404: A Glaister Keen rod, is used for close examination of the hymen or the degree of its rupture. In forensic medicine , it is recommended by health authorities that a physician who must swab near this area of a prepubescent girl avoid the hymen and swab the outer vulval vestibule instead. In cases of suspected rape or child sexual abuse , a detailed examination of the hymen may be performed, but

144-698: A ceremonial entry through the gate after his coronation in Reims . In 1648 one of the most important barricades in the popular revolt against Broussel 's recall by Mazarin was sited at the Porte Saint-Antoine. Four years later, on 2 July 1652, thanks to cannon shots fired from the Bastille on the orders of the Grande Mademoiselle , it was through this gate that the Condé was able to escape

192-481: A correlation between the experience of strong emotions – such as excitement, nervousness, or fear – with experiencing pain during first intercourse. In several studies of adolescent female rape victims, where patients were examined at a hospital following sexual assault, half or fewer of virgin victims had any injury to the hymen. Tears of the hymen occurred in less than a quarter of cases. However, virgins were significantly more likely to have injuries to

240-575: A single-arch triumphal arch at Porte Saint-Antoine, with sculptures on it by Jean Goujon representing two rivers. He also took part in a tournament by the gate, near hôtel des Tournelles , on 30 June 1559 at which he was mortally wounded. In 1588 Henry I, Duke of Guise forced the disarmed Swiss Guards to leave via the Porte Saint-Antoine and it was also at that gate that the troops of the Catholic League put up their last resistance to Henry IV of France . In 1610 Louis XIII of France made

288-520: A starfish genus , trains in the swimming pools of the city), swimming ( Club sportif Meaux Natation ) Meaux is served by Meaux station on the Transilien Paris – Est suburban rail line and on several national rail lines. The rail line connecting Paris to Meaux was established in 1849. The nowadays SNCF train station, still in use, was built in 1890. Alongside the Meaux rail station there

336-678: A woman's virginity . In those cultures, an intact hymen is highly valued at marriage in the belief that this is a proof of virginity. Some women undergo hymenorrhaphy to restore their hymen for this reason. In October 2018, the UN Human Rights Council , UN Women and the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that virginity testing must end as "it is a painful, humiliating and traumatic practice, constituting violence against women ". Some traditional Christian theological interpretations state that it

384-426: Is 41.1 km (25.5 mi) east-northeast of the centre of Paris . Meaux is, with Provins , Torcy and Fontainebleau , one of the four subprefectures ( sous-préfectures ) of the department of Seine-et-Marne , Melun being the prefecture . In France a subprefecture is the chef-lieu (the seat or administrative capital) of an arrondissement : Meaux is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Meaux . It

432-502: Is a thin piece of mucosal tissue that surrounds or partially covers the vaginal introitus . A small percentage are born with hymens that are imperforate and completely obstruct the vaginal canal. It forms part of the vulva and is similar in structure to the vagina. The term comes straight from the Greek, for 'membrane'. In children, a common appearance of the hymen is crescent -shaped, although many shapes are possible. Each shape in

480-631: Is also the chef-lieu of a smaller administrative division: the canton of Meaux . Finally, since its creation in 2003, Meaux has been the centre and the main town of an agglomeration community , the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Meaux . With a population of 55,416 inhabitants in 2018, Meaux is the most populous city in the Seine-et-Marne department, just before Chelles (55,148 inhabitants in 2018). Inhabitants of Meaux are called Meldois . Both names Meaux and Meldois originated with

528-552: Is also the main bus station in the city, with more than 30 bus lines serving the whole eastern Paris metropolitan area. The commune has 36 public preschools and elementary schools. Public junior high schools in Meaux: Public senior high schools in Meaux: Lycée du Gué A Tresme is in nearby Congis-sur-Thérouanne . Private Catholic secondary schools: Meaux is twinned with: Hymen The hymen

SECTION 10

#1732765413088

576-539: Is intended by God for the husband to be the one to break his wife's hymen, and that the bleeding the hymen, believed occur during first intercourse (but see above), is a blood covenant that seals the bond of holy matrimony between husband and wife (cf. consummation ). In the 16th and 17th centuries, medical researchers mistakenly saw the presence or absence of the hymen as founding evidence of physical diseases such as "womb-fury", i.e., (female) hysteria . If not cured, womb-fury would, according to doctors practicing at

624-459: Is since the 18th century a label commercially owned by the Pommery company and is nowadays derived not only in its traditional well known form but also in a variety of new different ingredient combinations: Honey Mustard, Green Pepper Mustard, Moutarde Royale (that latter including Cognac in its composition) etc. Several festivals and concerts are celebrated in Meaux, venues for live music like

672-734: The Meldi , the Latin name of the original Gaulish tribe who occupied this area of the valley of the Marne river . Although during the Roman period the city was called Iantinum by the Romans, the name of the Meldi persisted and was finally kept for naming both the city and its inhabitants. Historical buildings and monuments in Meaux are mainly located in the old city, inside the old defensive walls, still nowadays partially kept thanks to an important segment of

720-630: The Musée Bossuet (located in the episcopal palace, this is the art and history museum of Meaux) and the Musée de la Grande Guerre du pays de Meaux [fr] (the largest World War I Museum in the world). The Siege of Meaux took place between October 1421 and May 1422, during the Hundred Years' War between England and France. The besiegers were the English, under Henry V. The town's defence

768-659: The First Battle of the Marne ). There is only one cinema in Meaux: The Majestic, a former stage theatre. In modern days there are three stage theatres in the city. One is the Théâtre Gérard Philippe , a private theatre, situated close to the covered market. Not far from the market, in the same area but in a bigger and more recent building, there is the official subsidised theatre of the city,

816-920: The Théâtre Luxembourg , divided in two separated auditoriums in the same building: the Salle Luxembourg (601 seats) and the Salle du Manège (107 seats). In an eastern area of Meaux, the Beauval quarter, there is the third stage theatre of the town, the Salle Champagne (200 seats), located in the Espace Caravelle , a building dedicated to cultural activities. Private theatre companies and community arts associations play in all three theatres. Two museums can be found in Meaux:

864-463: The chapter ( le vieux chapitre ), part of the defensive walls (as mentioned), some keeps and towers, and the archaeological remains of the sanctuary of La Bauve, all-embracing the Gaulish period (4th, 3rd and 1st centuries BC ), the era of the early Roman Empire (Gallo-Roman: 1st, 2nd and 3rd centuries AD ) and the early Christian Era and subsequent centuries (from the 3rd to the 18th centuries, with

912-605: The hôtel Saint-Pol and during the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War 1,500 Armagnacs got through it on 1 June 1418 before being repulsed by the Burgundians. On 1 June 1540 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor entered Paris through the Porte Saint-Antoine beside Francis I of France – the Bastille fired an 800-shot salute, the houses nearby were decorated with tapestries and banners and the court, clergy and middle class came out to welcome them. Henry II of France built

960-453: The natural range has a Latinate name. During puberty , estrogen causes the hymen to change in appearance and become very elastic. Normal variations of the post-pubertal hymen range from thin and stretchy to thick and somewhat rigid. Very rarely, it may be completely absent. The hymen can rip or tear during first penetrative intercourse , which usually results in pain and, sometimes, mild temporary bleeding or spotting. Minor injuries to

1008-482: The Music Festival "Musik'elles" (usually at the end of every summer). There's a local public concert band in Meaux: L'Harmonie du Pays de Meaux . It is constituted by three different ensembles, following different ages: Les Minimes (children), Les Juniors (teenagers) and L'Harmonie de Meaux (adults). The band is also one of the two official music academies of the town. The other one is the conservatory of

SECTION 20

#1732765413088

1056-495: The Porte Saint-Antoine while trying to get into Paris by night), the king had fled his residence at the palais de la Cité for his hôtels in the Marais . The king thus demanded the construction of a chastel to protect his residence and the Porte Saint-Antoine – completed in 1382, this chastel became the Bastille. During Charles VI of France 's reign, the inhabitants of Paris got through the Porte Saint-Antoine three times to attack

1104-556: The Rue de Fourcy), since it served the Abbaye Saint-Antoine-des-Champs (on the site of today's Hôpital Saint-Antoine , in the 12th arrondissement ), founded right at the start of the 13th century. When King Philip II built the Wall of Philip II Augustus , a new gate was built 450 metres beyond the former one, level with 101 Rue Saint-Antoine, just to the east of the crossroads of the Rue Saint-Antoine with

1152-585: The Rue de Sévigné, in front of what is now the Church of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis . This first gate was sometimes known as the Porte Baudoyer and was demolished in 1382. In 1356 Charles V of France ordered the building of a new wall to replace Philip II's on the right bank. This new wall had only six gates to allow access into Paris to be controlled – one of these six was the Porte Saint-Antoine, built quickly with two towers. Following Étienne Marcel 's revolt (Marcel and 54 of his companions, meanwhile, were killed at

1200-481: The appearance of virginity. The genital tract develops during embryogenesis , from the third week of gestation to the second trimester , and the hymen is formed following the vagina . At week seven, the urorectal septum forms and separates the rectum from the urogenital sinus . At week nine, the Müllerian ducts move downwards to reach the urogenital sinus, forming the uterovaginal canal and inserting into

1248-665: The city. Also, every summer for more than 30 years, during several weekends per summer, a show is played by stage actors in the esplanade situated between the cathedral and the episcopal palace: the Spectacle historique ("History show"). The show represents the history of Meaux all along the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and also, more recently, during World War I (the German advance had been halted at Meaux in 1914 during

1296-603: The condition of the hymen alone is often inconclusive. Normal variations of the hymen range from thin and stretchy to thick and somewhat rigid. An imperforate hymen occurs in 1-2 out of 1,000 infants. The only variation that may require medical intervention is the imperforate hymen, which either completely prevents the passage of menstrual fluid or slows it significantly. In either case, surgical intervention may be needed to allow menstrual fluid to pass or intercourse to take place at all. Prepubescent hymenal openings come in many shapes, depending on hormonal and activity level,

1344-529: The following inscription (translated): "Here stood the house of ETIENNE MANGIN in which was constructed the first Reformed Church of France. In front of this location 14 Reformists, arrested during a cult, were burned on 8 October 1546 at the decree of the Parliament in Paris on 4 October 1546. Offered by the City of Meaux 1985." Meaux is nowadays mainly known for Brie de Meaux (a variety of Brie cheese ) and

1392-464: The house of Etienne Mangin in which he started the first Calvin-inspired Protestant church in France. The house was ordered by the Parliament in Paris to be razed and a chapel built in its place following the execution at the stake of fourteen members of the congregation for heresy in 1546. Rather than a chapel, there remains a fairly nondescript building on the site to this day with a plaque which bears

1440-506: The hymen being "broken" or torn, causing bleeding. However, research on women in Western populations has found that bleeding during first intercourse does not invariably occur. In one cross-cultural study, slightly more than half of all women self-reported bleeding during first intercourse, with significantly different levels of pain and bleeding reported depending on their region of origin. Not all women experience pain, and one study found

1488-490: The hymen healed without any visible sign of injury having occurred. Trauma to the hymen is hypothesized to occur as a result of various other behaviors, such as tampon or menstrual cup use, pelvic examinations with a speculum , masturbation, gymnastics, or horseback riding, although the true prevalence of trauma as a result of these activities is unclear. The hymen is often attributed important cultural significance in certain communities because of its association with

Porte Saint-Antoine - Misplaced Pages Continue

1536-467: The hymen may heal on their own, and not require surgical intervention. Historically, it was believed that first penetration was necessarily traumatic, but now sources differ on how common tearing or bleeding are as a result of first intercourse. Therefore, the state of the hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity , though " virginity testing " remains a common practice in some cultures, sometimes accompanied by hymen reconstruction surgery to give

1584-422: The hymen than non-virgins. In a study of adolescents who had previously had consensual sex, approximately half showed evidence of trauma to the hymen. Trauma to the hymen may also occur in adult non-virgins following consensual sex, although it is rare. Trauma to the hymen may heal without any visible sign of injury. An observational study of adolescent sexual assault victims found that majority of wounds to

1632-411: The hymen to become very elastic and fimbriated . The hymen can stretch or tear as a result of various behaviors, by the use of tampons or menstrual cups , pelvic examinations with a speculum , or sexual intercourse. Remnants of the hymen are called carunculae myrtiformes. A glass or plastic rod of 6 mm diameter having a globe on one end with varying diameter from 10 to 25 mm, called

1680-403: The hymenal opening can naturally extend and variation in shape and appearance increases. Variations of the female reproductive tract can result from agenesis or hypoplasia, canalization defects, lateral fusion and failure of resorption, resulting in various complications. Historically, it was believed that first sexual intercourse was necessarily traumatic to the hymen and always resulted in

1728-477: The influence of the mother's hormones , the hymen is thick, pale pink, and redundant (folds in on itself and may protrude). For the first two to four years of life, the infant produces hormones that continue this effect. Their hymenal opening tends to be annular (circumferential). Post neonatal stage, the diameter of the hymenal opening (measured within the hymenal ring ) widens by approximately 1 mm for each year of age. During puberty , estrogen causes

1776-503: The local variety of mustard . Following the official administrative French AOC there are two designations of Brie de Meaux: Brie de Meaux fermier ("farm Brie de Meaux", made out of the milk from the cows of a single unique producer) and Brie de Meaux laitier ( laitier , that is from the French lait , "milk", which designates here an agreement, a mixture of the milk of different producers). The Moutarde de Meaux ("Meaux Mustard") recipe

1824-468: The memory of the French soldiers fallen in action. Called, in French, La Liberté éplorée ("The Tearful Liberty"), the sculpture by Frederick MacMonnies is popularly known among the French as Le Monument américain ("the American Monument "). Coordinates: 48°58′23″N 2°54′18″E  /  48.973°N 2.905°E  / 48.973; 2.905 In 2011, beside the monument

1872-425: The most common being crescentic (posterior rim): no tissue at the 12 o'clock position ; crescent-shaped band of tissue from 1–2 to 10–11 o'clock, at its widest around 6 o'clock. From puberty onwards, depending on estrogen and activity levels, the hymenal tissue may be thicker, and the opening is often fimbriated or erratically shaped. In younger children, a torn hymen will typically heal very quickly. In adolescents,

1920-847: The original surrounding wall from the Gallo-Roman period . A meander of the Marne river divides the old city into the North Quarter (called among the Meldois as the Cathedral Quarter) and the South Quarter (known among the locals as the Market Quarter). In the North Quarter there is the Meaux Cathedral , the episcopal palace and its gardens (outlining the shape of a bishop 's mitre ), the old seat of

1968-783: The remains, among others, of the Saint-Faron Abbey , demolished during the French Revolution ). The South Quarter of the old city mainly includes the historic covered market and the Canal Cornillon, built during the Middle Ages, in the year 1235. Centuries later, in 1806, during the Napoleonic era , was built the Canal de l'Ourcq , destined to the inland navigation when the Marne river is not navigable because of temporary sandbanks. At 73, Rue du Marché stood

Porte Saint-Antoine - Misplaced Pages Continue

2016-443: The royal troops under Viscount Turenne, Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne , who were pursuing him. In 1670 Nicolas-François Blondel added two arcades to the monument, which he dedicated to Louis XIV of France , in remembrance of Louis's entry through this gate on his marriage in 1660. For the ceremony, Gérard Van Opstal created three sculptures personifying France, Spain and Hymen , to be placed in niches executed by Michel Anguier . It

2064-398: The siege, and it is estimated that one sixteenth of the besiegers died from dysentery and smallpox. On 9 March 1422, the town surrendered, although the garrison held out. Under continued bombardment, the garrison gave in as well on 10 March, following a siege of six months. The Bastard of Vaurus was decapitated, as was a trumpeter named Orace, who had once mocked King Henry. Sir John Fortescue

2112-487: The urogenital sinus. At week twelve, the Müllerian ducts fuse to create a primitive uterovaginal canal called unaleria. At month five, the vaginal canalization is complete and the fetal hymen is formed from the proliferation of the sinovaginal bulbs (where Müllerian ducts meet the urogenital sinus), and normally becomes perforate before or shortly after birth. The hymen has dense innervation. In newborn babies, still under

2160-655: Was built the Museum of the Great War ( Musée de la Grande Guerre du pays de Meaux [fr]). The town is represented by the CS Meaux association football club. Many other sports are also practiced in Meaux like rugby or field hockey, especially water sports. There are in Meaux, for example different sporting clubs dealing with canoeing (mainly practiced in the Canal de l'Ourcq), scuba diving (the club "Asterina", named after

2208-502: Was demolished in 1778, no longer any use as a fortification and as a blockage to road traffic. 48°51′13″N 2°22′07″E  /  48.85353°N 2.36859°E  / 48.85353; 2.36859 Meaux Meaux ( French pronunciation: [mo] ) is a commune on the river Marne in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in the metropolitan area of Paris , France. It

2256-521: Was led by the Bastard of Vaurus, notorious for his savagery. The siege commenced on October 6, 1421, and mining and bombardment soon brought down the walls. Casualties began to mount in the English army, including John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford who had been at the siege of Harfleur, the Battle of Agincourt, and received the surrender of Cherbourg. The English also began to fall sick rather early into

2304-517: Was then installed as English Captain of Meaux Castle. During the First Battle of the Marne (September 1914), the German troops were stopped at the gates of Meaux. This heroic action not only prevented the city from being taken by the Germans but also changed the course of the war. In 1932, at the place of the battlefield, the people of the United States of America had a monument erected in

#87912