Pasacao ( / p ɑː s ə ˈ k oʊ / ), officially the Municipality of Pasacao ( Central Bikol : Banwaan kan Pasacao ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Pasacao ), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Camarines Sur , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 53,461 people. The area is noted for its brown sand beaches and is sometimes referred to as the "Summer Capital of Camarines Sur.
105-530: During the Spanish colonization in the 16th century, a settlement surrounded a port in what is now Pasacao, serving as a primary embarkation point in Camarines Sur and the only sea link to Manila . This strategic location fostered commerce and trade, enhancing economic interactions throughout the archipelago. Colloquially, "Pasacao" refers to this former settlement, which is still recognized separately as
210-625: A state of war in these provinces and placed them under martial law . These were Manila, Bulacan , Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac , Laguna , Batangas , and Nueva Ecija . They would later be represented in the eight rays of the sun in the Filipino flag . Emilio Aguinaldo and the Katipuneros of Cavite were the most successful of the rebels and they controlled most of their province by September–October. They defended their territories with trenches designed by Edilberto Evangelista . Many of
315-432: A tropical rainforest climate . The north-east monsoon dominates the area; therefore, rainfall is evenly spread throughout the year. From October to January, the wind blows from north to east, from east to southeast from February to April, and from May to September, it blows from east to southeast. From December to May, the area is rather dry, and the rest of the year is wet. The town is occasionally affected by typhoons during
420-801: A 40.69 km (25.28 mi) project developed under the Build, Build, Build program. This highway not only links Pasacao to neighboring municipalities—San Fernando, Minalabac, Bula, and Balatan—but also integrates 15 barangays from these towns. The coastal highway is designed to enhance connectivity and promote ecotourism in Camarines Sur. Together, these road networks play a crucial role in supporting transportation and economic development in Pasacao and its surrounding regions. The town's civic center, Signature Park (stylized as SigNATURE Park), located in Barangay Sta. Rosa Del Norte, covering 1,145 square meters,
525-679: A balwark. The fortification of Pasacao in 1848, which included Cabusao in Camarines Sur, Pantao (now Libon ), and Donsol in Sorsogon , was motivated by these attacks. Between 1609 and 1616, during the governor generalship of Juan de Silva , two galleons, the Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe and Angel dela Guardia, were built in Barangay Dalupaon, as well as the Astillero de Dalupaon ( English : Dalupaon Shipyard ). Guadalupe
630-659: A fish sanctuary and marine reserve were established under Municipal Ordinance No. 93-007, covering 32 hectares in Calibayan, Dalupan, and 112 hectares in Sarimao, Caranan. The reserve includes a site in Suminabang, Dalupaon, where a Japanese warship wreck can be seen underwater. Pasacao is politically subdivided into 19 barangays . Poblacion According to the Köppen climate classification system, Pasacao has
735-453: A general offensive on Manila and was defeated in battle at the town of San Juan del Monte . He regrouped his forces and was able to briefly capture the towns of Marikina , San Mateo and Montalbán . Spanish counterattacks drove him back and he retreated to the heights of Balara and Morong and from there engaged in guerrilla warfare . By August 30, the revolt had spread to eight provinces. On that date, Governor-General Ramón Blanco declared
840-602: A larger fleet comprising both Spanish and a majority Visayan force, taking a month to bring these forces to bear due to slow speed of local ships. This large force caused the surrender of neighboring Tondo . An attempt by some local leaders, known as the Tondo Conspiracy , to defeat the Spanish was repelled. Legazpi renamed Maynila Nueva Castilla , and declared it the capital of the Philippines, and thus of
945-592: A national identity. This was compounded by a Mexican of Filipino descent, Isidoro Montes de Oca , becoming captain-general to the revolutionary leader Vicente Guerrero during the Mexican War of Independence. The Insulares had become increasingly Filipino and called themselves Los hijos del país (lit. "sons of the country"). Among the early proponents of Filipino nationalism were the Insulares Padre Pedro Peláez , who fought for
1050-550: A precursor of the present Philippine Red Cross, and for this she raised funds for medicines and other medical supplies. Filipino diplomat Felipe Agoncillo , met with Gustave Moynier , an original member of the Committee of Five and International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRC) president on August 29, 1900. He sought recognition of the Filipino Red Cross Society as well as the application of
1155-587: A second settlement on the bank of the Panay River . In 1570, Legazpi sent his grandson, Juan de Salcedo , who had arrived from Mexico in 1567, to Mindoro to punish the Muslim Moro pirates who had been plundering Panay villages. Salcedo also destroyed forts on the islands of Ilin and Lubang , respectively south and northwest of Mindoro. In 1570, Martín de Goiti , having been dispatched by Legazpi to Luzon, conquered Maynila . Legazpi followed with
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#17327734050911260-598: A single unified administration. From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was governed as part of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain, later administered from Madrid following the Mexican War of Independence . Administration of the Philippine islands were considered a drain on the economy of Spain, and there were debates about abandoning it or trading it for some other territory. However, this
1365-487: A small river boat to Butuán . However, Dutch aid did not materialize or have objects to provide them. The authorities from Manila issued a general pardon, and many of the Filipinos in the mountains surrendered. The demands of these wars has been regarded as a potential cause of population decline. In August 1759, Charles III ascended the Spanish throne. At the time, Great Britain and France were at war, in what
1470-585: A stalemate between the colonial government and rebels. Pedro Paterno mediated between the two sides for the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato . The conditions of the armistice included the self-exile of Aguinaldo and his officers in exchange for $ MXN 800,000 (about $ US 14,400,000 today ) to be paid by the colonial government. Aguinaldo then sailed to Hong Kong to self exile. Philippine Red Cross The Philippine Red Cross ( PRC ; Filipino : Krus na Pula ng Pilipinas ; Spanish : Cruz Roja Filipina )
1575-523: A unified territory before any formal ratification. From 1585 to the 19th century, Pasacao served as a crucial defense port against Moro pirate incursions. The raid in Caranan on October 4, 1779, is an example. Pasacao and 9 other towns and two missions were entirely destroyed. In 1823, the town had an estimated population of only 200 people due to frequent attacks. To defend Pasacao against these raids, Alcalde Jacinto Rodriguez Morales contributed material for
1680-681: Is a key civic and recreational center. It includes the CBD Complex, the DRRM/Evacuation Court, and a Eco-park complex housing the town's plaza . The park will also house the new municipal office, with construction still underway. Pasacao Seaport, also known as the Port of Pasacao, locally known as Pier, is a fishing, passenger, and cargo port managed by the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) in Camarines Sur. It
1785-585: Is a non-profit humanitarian organization and a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement . The PRC was established in 1947, with roots in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule. It was initially involved only in the provision of blood and short-term palliatives as well as participation in disaster-related activities but they now focus on a wider array of humanitarian services. At present,
1890-426: Is accessible after a one-hour hike. This cave is part of a limestone mountain range that forms the natural boundary between Bahay and Caranan. Coastal Pasacao is abundant in marine species, including sea urchins, seaweeds, shellfish, and sea cucumbers. Indo-Pacific Bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus) and Spotted dolphins ( Stenella attenuata ) have been sighted in the town's coastal waters. On August 9, 1993,
1995-555: Is composed of 19 barangay health stations (1 from each barangay), one (1) polyclinic (St. Rose of Lima Polyclinic) that is located in Santa Rosa del Sur and the Municipal Health Office located in Santa Rosa del Norte. The municipality has no sanitary landfill but maintains three (3) Materials Recovery Facilities, which are located in Caranan, San Cirilo and Santa Rosa del Sur. Pasacao is primarily accessible via
2100-600: Is home to 73 species across 64 genera and 41 families, including 10 mammals, 53 birds, 4 reptiles, and 6 amphibians. Suminabang Cave, located in Caranan near Dalupaon, hosts insectivorous species such as the Caroline swiftlet ( Aerodramus inquietus ) and the Philippine forest roundleaf bat ( Hipposideros obscurus ). Another cave in Bahay, situated on the slopes of Mt. Tigbi, features a distinctive dog-head shaped entrance and
2205-838: Is known as the Spanish colonial period , during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies , initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain , based in Mexico City , until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821. This resulted in direct Spanish control during a period of governmental instability there. The first documented European contact with
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#17327734050912310-521: Is situated in Barangay Sta. Rose del Sur. The port serves passengers traveling from Pasacao to Burias and Mobo in Masbate Province . The nearby smaller Pasacao Fishport is primarily utilized for fishing and unloading fish, as well as pump boats and fastcrafts for short trips. Pasacao has several educational institutions catering to different levels of education. For elementary education, the town has 16 public schools and 2 private schools. At
2415-1756: Is the organizations' exemption from real property taxes, direct and indirect taxes, duties and fees that will emerge from its operations and its exclusive importations and purchases. A list of vehicles presently used. [REDACTED] Afghanistan [REDACTED] Albania [REDACTED] Algeria [REDACTED] Andorra [REDACTED] Angola [REDACTED] Antigua and Barbuda [REDACTED] Argentina [REDACTED] Armenia [REDACTED] Australia [REDACTED] Austria [REDACTED] Azerbaijan [REDACTED] The Bahamas [REDACTED] Bahrain [REDACTED] Bangladesh [REDACTED] Barbados [REDACTED] Belarus (suspended) [REDACTED] Belgium [REDACTED] Belize [REDACTED] Benin [REDACTED] Bhutan [REDACTED] Bolivia [REDACTED] Bosnia and Herzegovina [REDACTED] Botswana [REDACTED] Brazil [REDACTED] Brunei [REDACTED] Bulgaria [REDACTED] Burkina Faso [REDACTED] Burundi [REDACTED] Cambodia [REDACTED] Cameroon [REDACTED] Canada [REDACTED] Cape Verde [REDACTED] Central African Republic [REDACTED] Chad [REDACTED] Chile [ es ] [REDACTED] China [REDACTED] Colombia [REDACTED] Comoros [REDACTED] Congo [ it ] [REDACTED] Congo, Democratic Republic of
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2625-645: The Dutch Republic , as part of the Eighty Years' War . Although the Spanish forces consisted of just two Manila galleons and a galley with crews composed mainly of Filipino volunteers, against three separate Dutch squadrons, totaling eighteen ships, the Dutch squadrons were severely defeated in all fronts by the Spanish-Filipino forces, forcing the Dutch to abandon their plans for an invasion of
2730-746: The First Geneva Convention during the Philippine–American War . On August 30, 1905, the American Red Cross (ARC) formed a Philippine Branch with Filipino and American leaders at the Ayuntamiento . After several years of continuous effort, the ANRC officially recognized it as a chapter on December 4, 1917. In 1934, President Manuel L. Quezon established an independent Philippine Red Cross (PRC). However, because
2835-621: The Insulares came out with Indios agraviados , a manifesto defending the Filipino against discriminatory remarks. The tension between the Insulares and Peninsulares erupted into the failed revolts of Novales and the Cavite mutiny of 1872, which resulted in the deportation of prominent Filipino nationalists to the Marianas and Europe , who would continue the fight for liberty through
2940-521: The Katipunan . A rivalry developed between himself and Marcelo Hilario del Pilar for the leadership of La Solidaridad and the reform movement in Europe. Majority of the expatriates supported the leadership of del Pilar. Rizal then returned to the Philippines to organize La Liga Filipina and bring the reform movement to Philippine soil. He was arrested just a few days after founding the league. Rizal
3045-626: The New World , effectively legalizing a more oppressive conquest. Although slavery had been abolished in the Spanish Empire , it took around a century for it to be fully abolished in the Philippines due to the pre-colonial alipin system of slavery already existing in the islands. Due to conflict with the Portuguese , who blockaded Cebu in 1568 , and persistent supply shortages, in 1569 Legazpi transferred to Panay and founded
3150-565: The Peninsulares , whom the Insulares regarded as foreigners. The Spanish American wars of independence and renewed immigration led to shifts in social identity, with the term Filipino shifting from referring to Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula and in the Philippines to a term encompassing all people in the archipelago. This identity shift was driven by wealthy families of mixed ancestry, for which it developed into
3255-479: The Propaganda Movement . The Cavite Mutiny implicated the priests Mariano Gomez , José Burgos , and Jacinto Zamora (see Gomburza ), whose executions would influence the subversive activities of the next generation of Filipino nationalists, among them José Rizal, who then dedicated his novel El filibusterismo to these priests. A national public school system was introduced in 1863. After
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3465-479: The Visayas at the time of the first Spanish missions is estimated as between 1 and 1.5 million, overall density being low. Philip II, whose name has remained attached to the islands, ordered and oversaw the conquest and colonization of the Philippines. On November 19 or 20, 1564, a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by Miguel López de Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad (modern Mexican state of Jalisco ) in
3570-485: The 1570s, the Spanish traders were troubled to some extent by Japanese pirates, but peaceful trading relations were established between the Philippines and Japan by 1590. Japan's kampaku ( regent ) Toyotomi Hideyoshi , demanded unsuccessfully on several occasions that the Philippines submit to Japan's suzerainty . On February 8, 1597, Philip II, near the end of his 42-year reign, issued a Royal Cedula instructing Francisco de Tello de Guzmán , then Governor-General of
3675-464: The 17th century, far outnumbering civilian arrivals. Most of these soldiers were criminals and young boys rather than men of character. Hardship for the colonizing soldiers contributed to looting and enslavement, despite the entreaties of representatives of the church who accompanied them. In 1568, the Spanish Crown permitted the establishment of the encomienda system that it was abolishing in
3780-515: The 200-year-old fortifications in Manila did not see significant change after being first built by the early Spanish colonizers. Some Japanese ships visited the Philippines in the 1570s in order to export Japanese silver and import Philippine gold . Later, increasing imports of silver from New World sources resulted in Japanese exports to the Philippines shifting from silver to consumer goods. In
3885-481: The 2020 census, the population of Pasacao was 53,461 people, with a density of 360 inhabitants per square kilometre or 930 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of Pasacao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The primary language spoken in Pasacao is Bikol, specifically the Central Bikol dialect. However, many residents also speak Tagalog and English, which are the official languages of
3990-690: The ANRC re-established an independent Red Cross. The Philippines gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946. Dr. J. Horacio Yanzon was appointed the first Filipino Red Cross manager in December 1946, with thirty-six Red Cross chapters initially set up in the country. On February 14, 1947, President Manuel A. Roxas signed the Treaty of Geneva and the Prisoners of War Convention. On March 22, 1947, President Roxas signed Republic Act 95,
4095-782: The Board of Governors. Rosal was awarded in 1999 the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service for her activities with the PRC. In 2009, Republic Act No. 10072 or the Philippine Red Cross Act of 2009, was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . The law is an affirmation of the country's "conformity with the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their additional protocols, and the Statutes of
4200-586: The British confidence in eventual victory. The surrender by Archbishop Rojo was rejected as illegal by Don Simón de Anda y Salazar , who claimed the title of Governor-General under the statutes of the Council of the Indies . He led Spanish-Filipino forces that kept the British confined to Manila and sabotaged or crushed British-fomented revolts, such as the revolt by Diego Silang . Anda intercepted and redirected
4305-559: The Camarines Sur Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (CASIFMAS), which offers courses in various vocational fields. Below is the list of the tertiary and secondary level existing schools on the municipality. Spanish Colonization in the Philippines Events/Artifacts (north to south) Events/Artifacts Artifacts The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898
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4410-761: The Constitution of the National Association of the Red Cross. The government appointed Hilaria del Rosario de Aguinaldo – the consort of President Emilio Aguinaldo – as the first head of the association. She cared for wounded soldiers and their families and established the Hijas de la Revolución (Daughters of the Revolution) that later became Asociación Filantrópica de los Damas de la Cruz Roja en Filipinas (Red Cross Association), considered
4515-700: The Danao-Pasacao Road, a 8.89 km (5.52 mi) road which extends from a junction with the Pan-Philippine Highway in Tambo, Pamplona, to various local road networks within the town's barangays. This road serves as the main route connecting Pasacao to surrounding areas and facilitates internal transportation. In addition, the town benefits from the Pasacao-Balatan Tourism Coastal Highway,
4620-636: The European population, which before was reserved only for indigenous Filipinos. During its rule, Spain quelled various indigenous revolts , as well as defending against external military challenges. The Spanish considered their war with the Muslims in Southeast Asia an extension of the Reconquista . War against the Dutch from the west, in the 17th century, together with conflict with
4725-612: The Europeans as well, as the majority of Filipinos are native Austronesians. Spain maintained a presence in towns and cities. At the immediate south of Manila, Mexicans were present at Ermita and at Cavite , where they were stationed as sentries. In addition, men conscripted from Peru , were also sent to settle Zamboanga City in Mindanao , to wage war upon Muslim defenders. There were also communities of Spanish- Mestizos that developed in Iloilo , Negros , and Vigan . Interactions between indigenous Filipinos and immigrant Spaniards along with Latin Americans eventually caused
4830-421: The First, Second and Third Battles of Playa Honda . The second battle is the most famous and celebrated of the three, with nearly even forces (10 ships vs 10 ships), resulting in the Dutch losing their flagship and retreating. Only the third battle of 1624 resulted in a Dutch naval victory. In 1646, a series of five naval actions known as the Battles of La Naval de Manila was fought between the forces of Spain and
4935-471: The French and American Revolutions. The new economy gave rise to a new middle class in the Philippines. In the mid-19th century, the Suez Canal was opened which made the Philippines easier to reach from Spain. The small increase of Peninsulares from the Iberian Peninsula threatened the secularization of the Philippine churches . In state affairs, the Criollos , known locally as Insulares (lit. "islanders"), were displaced from government positions by
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5145-421: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement", as well as a confirmation of the PRC's stand as a "voluntary, independent and autonomous nongovernmental society auxiliary to the authorities of the Republic of the Philippines in the humanitarian field". Apart from the apparent change in the organization's name from "Philippine National Red Cross" to "Philippine Red Cross", included in the act's new provisions
5250-434: The Liberals won the Spanish Revolution of 1868 , Carlos María de la Torre was sent to the Philippines to serve as governor-general (1869–1871). He was one of the most loved governors-general in the Philippines because of the reforms he implemented. At one time, his supporters, including Padre Burgos and Joaquín Pardo de Tavera, serenaded him in front of the Malacañan Palace . Following the Bourbon Restoration in Spain and
5355-431: The Manila galleon trade to prevent further captures by the British. The failure of the British to consolidate their position led to troop desertions and a breakdown of command unity which left the British forces paralysed and in an increasingly precarious position. The Seven Years' War was ended by the Peace of Paris signed on February 10, 1763. At the time of signing the treaty, the signatories were not aware that Manila
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#17327734050915460-428: The Muslims in the south nearly bankrupted the colonial treasury. Moros from western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago also raided the coastal Christian areas of Luzon and the Visayas. Settlers had to fight off the Chinese pirates (who lay siege to Manila, the most famous of which was Limahong in 1573). There were three naval actions fought between Dutch corsairs and Spanish forces in 1610, 1617 and 1624, known as
5565-470: The PRC charter. The ICRC approved the recognition of the PRC, and telegraphed First Lady Aurora Aragon Quezon , the first PRC chairman, on March 29, 1947. The PRC had an inaugural ceremony on April 15, 1947. The PRC was admitted as a bona fide member of the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on September 17, 1947. Since 2004, the chairman of the PRC Board of Governors is Senator Richard J. Gordon . Since 1965, actress Rosa Rosal has sat on
5670-423: The PRC provides six major services: National Blood Services, Disaster Management Services, Safety Services, Health Services, Welfare Services and Red Cross Youth . The National Headquarters of the PRC is located at 37 EDSA corner Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. Apolinario Mabini encouraged the Malolos Republic to form a national Red Cross organization. On February 17, 1899, the Malolos Republic approved
5775-521: The Pasacao Port would regularly issue directions to passengers by shouting " Pasa ikaw, Pasa ikaw. " Passengers mistook the phrase for the town's name, Pasacao. History Historical journals from early European travelers suggest that a separate polity named Pasacao, situated at the present-day town center, was viewed separately from neighboring barangays like Dalupaon and Tinalmud. While this isn't explicitly stated, it implies that these areas may have been regarded as distinct villages rather than part of
5880-432: The Philippines to fulfill the laws of tributes and to provide for restitution of ill-gotten taxes taken from indigenous Filipinos . The decree was published in Manila on August 5, 1598. King Philip died on September 13, just forty days after the publication of the decree, but his death was not known in the Philippines until middle of 1599, by which time a referendum by which indigenous Filipinos would acknowledge Spanish rule
5985-440: The Philippines had been prohibited from trading with nations other than Spain, the demand led Spain, under Governor-General José Basco, to open the ports to international trade as both as a source of raw materials and as a market for manufactured goods. Following the opening of Philippine ports to world trade in 1834, shifts started occurring within Filipino society. The decline of the Manila Galleon trade contributed to shifts in
6090-446: The Philippines was a territory and later a Commonwealth under United States sovereignty, it could not sign the Geneva Conventions and therefore it could not be recognized by the ICRC. In 1942, during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines , the Japanese created a Philippine Red Cross that they controlled to care for internees. Once Manila was liberated by combined American and Filipino forces in 1945, local Red Cross officials and
6195-422: The Philippines was made in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan in his circumnavigation expedition , during which he was killed in the Battle of Mactan . Forty-four years later, a Spanish expedition led by Miguel López de Legazpi left modern Mexico and began the Spanish conquest of the Philippines in the late 16th century. Legazpi's expedition arrived in the Philippines in 1565, a year after an earnest intent to colonize
6300-433: The Philippines. The mass deportation of nationalists to the Marianas and Europe in 1872 led to a Filipino expatriate community of reformers in Europe. The community grew with the next generation of Ilustrados studying in European universities. They allied themselves with Spanish liberals, notably Spanish senator Miguel Morayta Sagrario, and founded the newspaper La Solidaridad . During this time, Spain institutionalized
6405-402: The Philippines. Despite the presence of a single church, Saint Rose of Lima Parish, and a few chapels, Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in the municipality. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Iglesia ni Kristo , Born Again denominations, Jehovah's Witnesses , and other Christian denominations are also present across the municipality. The Public Market serves as
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#17327734050916510-417: The Philippines. On June 6, 1647, Dutch vessels were sighted near Mariveles Island. In spite of the preparations, the Spanish had only one galleon (the San Diego ) and two galleys ready to engage the enemy. The Dutch had twelve major vessels. On June 12, the armada attacked the Spanish port of Cavite. The battle lasted eight hours, and the Spanish believed they had done much damage to the enemy flagship and
6615-423: The Ragay Gulf. Among them, the Tinalmud River is the longest, extending approximately 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi). Pasacao's coastline extends approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi). Its brown sand beaches, are used for activities like swimming, snorkeling, and fishing. Balogo Beach, the most notable beach, is near Daruanak Island, the town's landmark and one of the major features of the official seal. Pasacao
6720-430: The Spanish made peace with the Joloans, and then also withdrew. There was also an unsuccessful attack on Zamboanga in 1648. That year the Dutch promised the natives of Mindanao that they would return in 1649 with aid in support of a revolt against the Spanish. Several revolts did break out, the most serious being in the village of Lindáo. There most of the Spaniards were killed, and the survivors were forced to flee in
6825-419: The Spanish throne. Philip was in Brussels at the time and his return to Spain was delayed until 1559 because of European politics and wars in northern Europe. Shortly after his return to Spain, Philip ordered an expedition mounted to the Spice Islands , stating that its purpose was "to discover the islands of the west". In reality its task was to conquer the Philippines for Spain. The population of Luzon and
6930-469: The Viceroyalty of New Spain , arriving off Cebu on February 13, 1565, conquering it despite Cebuano opposition. Approximately 200-400 of these men were Tlaxcallan soldiers, having allied themselves with Spain during the Spanish conquest of Mexico . Some of the Tlaxcallans settled permanently on the islands, and numerous Nahuatl words were absorbed into the Filipino languages . More than 15,000 soldiers arrived from New Spain as new migrants during
7035-414: The affected residents. Pasacao is located on the northwest coast of Camarines Sur. It shares its northwestern border with Libmanan, marked by Mount Bernacci, while San Fernando lies to the east and Pamplona to the north. The town center is nestled in a valley between the Ragay Hills, offering direct access to the Bicol Plains. Pasacao's 29.56 kilometres (18.37 mi) coastline lies on the southern part of
7140-408: The business of human zoos against Filipinos, adding flame to the call of revolution, as indigenous Filipinos were taken by the Spanish and displayed as animals for white audiences. Among the reformers was José Rizal, who wrote two novels while in Europe. His novels were considered the most influential of the Illustrados' writings, causing further unrest in the islands, particularly the founding of
7245-417: The country, which was during the reign of Philip II of Spain , whose name has remained attached to the country . The Spanish colonial period ended with the defeat of Spain by the United States in the Spanish–American War and the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, which marked the beginning of the American colonial era of Philippine history. The Spaniards had been exploring the Philippines since
7350-409: The domestic economy. Communal land became privatized to meet international demand for agricultural products, which led to the formal opening of the ports of Manila, Iloilo , and Cebu to international trade. The development of the Philippines as a source of raw materials and as a market for European manufactures created much local wealth. Many Filipinos prospered. Everyday Filipinos also benefited from
7455-543: The early 16th century. Ferdinand Magellan , a Portuguese navigator in charge of a Spanish expedition to circumnavigate the globe, was killed by warriors of datu Lapulapu at the Battle of Mactan . In 1543, Ruy López de Villalobos arrived at the islands of Leyte and Samar and named them Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain , at the time Prince of Asturias . Philip became King of Spain on January 16, 1556, when his father, Charles I of Spain (who also reigned as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ), abdicated
7560-401: The educated ilustrado class such as Antonio Luna and Apolinario Mabini did not initially favor an armed revolution. José Rizal himself, whom the rebels took inspiration from and had consulted beforehand, disapproved of a premature revolution. He was arrested, tried and executed for treason, sedition and conspiracy on December 30, 1896. Before his arrest he had issued a statement disavowing
7665-412: The formation of a new language, Chavacano , a creole of Mexican Spanish . They depended on the galleon trade for a living. In the later years of the 18th century, Governor-General José Basco introduced economic reforms that gave the colony its first significant internal source income from the production of tobacco and other agricultural exports. In this later period, agriculture was finally opened to
7770-546: The fortified monastery, taking prisoners and executing almost 200 Filipino defenders. The governor ordered solemn funeral rites for the dead and payments to their widows and orphans. There was an expedition the following year that arrived in Jolo in July. The Dutch had formed an alliance with an anti-Spanish king, Salicala. The Spanish garrison on the island was small, but survived a Dutch bombardment. The Dutch finally withdrew, and
7875-546: The guerrilla resistance, marking Pasacao’s involvement in the region’s wartime activities. The Six Daughters of Charity arrived in Pasacao to establish Naga's first regular girls' school, Universidad de Santa Isabel . On July 20, 1966, a major fire devastated the commercial and residential center of Pasacao. The blaze, ignited by sparks from a chimney, swept through approximately 13 blocks, resulting in damage estimated at PHP 3 to 4 million. The fire left about 700 families, or 3,000 individuals, homeless. Key structures, including
7980-490: The late 16th century the population of Manila grew even as the population of Spanish settlements in the Visayas decreased. In time, the Spanish successfully took over the different local states one by one . Under Spanish rule, disparate barangays were deliberately consolidated into towns , where Catholic missionaries were more easily able to convert the inhabitants to Christianity . The missionaries converted most of
8085-467: The lowland inhabitants to Christianity. They also founded schools, a university, hospitals, and churches. To defend their settlements, the Spaniards constructed and manned a network of military fortresses across the archipelago. Slavery was also abolished. As a result of these policies the Philippine population increased exponentially. Spanish rule brought most of what is now the Philippines into
8190-407: The main commercial center of Pasacao, bustling with economic activity from the trading of agri-fishery products and dry goods. It attracts not only local residents but also people from neighboring towns, contributing significantly to local revenues. The market benefits from its proximity to Pasacao Port. Agriculture is the primary economic driver in Pasacao, with agricultural land comprising 59.59% of
8295-631: The mayor's residence and a rural bank were destroyed. Local firefighting efforts were hampered by inadequate equipment, and looting occurred amidst the chaos. In response, President Marcos allocated PHP 10,000 in initial aid, and Governor Armando B. Cledera provided PHP 10,000 worth of goods and materials. Various organizations, including the Philippine Red Cross and the Naga City Filipino-Chinese Chamber of Commerce, contributed food and supplies to support
8400-477: The modern town center housing government and business hubs. The settlement was designated as a town in 1854 and expanded to incorporate neighboring barrios, leading to the establishment of a municipality during the American colonial period in the early 20th century. The town's name is derived from the Spanish - Tagalog portmanteau Pasa-Ikaw ( English : Pass it on ) . This is because dock guards stationed at
8505-852: The municipality's total area. Activities include crop production, livestock and poultry raising, and fishing. Pasacao also has 383.26 hectares (947.1 acres) dedicated to forest production. The local government continuously plants and maintains a tree park in Cagbibi, Caranan, where an 8.5 hectares (21 acres) parcel is planted with 20,000 forest trees of various species, including Gmelina , Mahogany , Acacia mangium , Narra , and Pili . As of 2015, Pasacao had 19 industrial establishments, categorized into Construction, Electricity, Gas and Water, Mining and Quarrying, and unclassified sectors. The majority are in Barangay Santa Rosa del Sur, followed by Santa Rosa del Norte, San Cirilo, and Caranan. While
8610-585: The municipality, facing the Ragay Gulf , which is part of the Sibuyan Sea . It covers an area of approximately 149.54 square kilometres (57.74 sq mi). The municipality is characterized by flat lowlands in the north and east, consisting of silt , and mountainous regions in the west. The western area mainly features rolling hills that are part of the highlands surrounding the Ragay Gulf, with
8715-595: The mutual recognition of Spanish claim to the Philippines as well as Portugal's claim to the Spice Islands (Moluccas) . In 1573, Japan expanded its trade in northern Luzon. In 1580, the Japanese lord Tay Fusa established the independent wokou Tay Fusa state in non-colonial Cagayan . When the Spanish arrived in the area, they subjugated the settlement, resulting in the 1582 Cagayan battles . With time, Cebu's importance fell as power shifted north to Luzon. In
8820-404: The new economy with the rapid increase in demand for labor and availability of business opportunities. Some Europeans immigrated to the Philippines to join the wealth wagon, among them Jacobo Zobel, patriarch of today's Zobel de Ayala family and prominent figure in the rise of Filipino nationalism. Their scions studied in the best universities of Europe where they learned the ideals of liberty from
8925-767: The objective of the Philippines seceding from the Spanish Empire. By 1896, the Katipunan had a membership by the thousands. That same year, the existence of the Katipunan was discovered by the colonial authorities. In late August, Katipuneros gathered in Caloocan and declared the start of the revolution. The event is now known as the Cry of Balintawak or the Cry of Pugad Lawin , due to conflicting historical traditions and official government positions. Andrés Bonifacio called for
9030-459: The other vessels. The Spanish ships were not badly damaged and casualties were low. However, nearly every roof in the Spanish settlement was damaged by cannon fire, which particularly concentrated on the cathedral. On June 19, the armada was split, with six ships sailing for the shipyard of Mindoro and the other six remaining in Manila Bay . The Dutch next attacked Pampanga , where they captured
9135-534: The removal of the Liberals from power, de la Torre was recalled and replaced by Governor-General Izquierdo , who vowed to rule with an iron fist. Revolutionary sentiments were stoked in 1872 after three activist Catholic priests were executed on weak pretences. This would inspire a propaganda movement in Spain, organized by Marcelo H. del Pilar , José Rizal, and Mariano Ponce , lobbying for political reforms in
9240-580: The rest of the Spanish East Indies , which also encompassed Spanish territories in Asia and the Pacific . Legazpi became the country's first governor-general. Though the fledgling Legazpi-led administration was initially small and vulnerable to elimination by Portuguese and Chinese invaders, the merging of the Spanish and Portuguese crowns under the Iberian Union of 1580-1640 helped make permanent
9345-564: The revolution, but in his farewell poem Mi último adiós he wrote that dying in battle for the sake of one's country was just as patriotic as his own impending death. While the revolution spread throughout the provinces, Aguinaldo's Katipuneros declared the existence of an insurgent government in October regardless of Bonifacio's Katipunan, which he had already converted into an insurgent government with him as president in August. Bonifacio
9450-657: The secondary level, there are 6 public high schools and 2 private high schools. Students can continue their studies in nearby cities like Naga and Legazpi. A key institution in Pasacao is the Central Bicol State University of Agriculture (CBSUA) - Pasacao Campus, which offers undergraduate programs in education. The town also supports non-formal education through the Alternative Learning System (ALS) for out-of-school youth and adults, and technical and vocational training through
9555-523: The secularization of Philippine churches and expulsion of the friars, Padre José Burgos whose execution influenced the national hero José Rizal , and Joaquín Pardo de Tavera who fought for retention of government positions by natives, regardless of race. In retaliation to the rise of Filipino nationalism, the friars called the Indios (possibly referring to Insulares and mestizos as well) indolent and unfit for government and church positions. In response,
9660-489: The terrain primarily consisting of limestones , sandstones , and marls . The town's topography is characterized by steep slopes, with elevations ranging from sea level to over 400 metres (1,300 ft) above sea level. The highest point in the town is Mount Bernacci , which stands at 756 metres (2,480 ft) above sea level. Pasacao is characterized by several rivers, notably including the Caranan, Cagbunini, Itulan, Balogo, and Tinalmud Rivers. All these waterways flow into
9765-427: The tourism industry generates jobs and fosters skill development, Pasacao remains relatively underdeveloped as a tourist destination despite its rich cultural history and natural resources. The town's tourism industry primarily caters to drive-by travelers due to limited development of tourism sites and facilities. Pasacao holds its annual fiesta and Pasa-Pasa Ikaw Festival on August 29–30 in honor of Saint Rose of Lima,
9870-512: The town's patron saint. The municipal government organizes various events, including pageant competitions, ci parades, and other activities. These festivals are key to Pasacao's cultural calendar, showcasing the town's heritage and offering opportunities for local celebration. Additionally, the Daruanak Summer Festival takes place during the summer season. Pasacao has no public hospital but it has 21 total health facilities that
9975-516: The wet season, which can cause flooding and landslides in some areas. Based on PAGASA’s Climate Projections, the temperature in Pasacao is estimated to rise ranging from 0.9 °C to 1.1 °C in year 2020, and will continue to rise in 2050 ranging from 1.8 °C to 2.2 °C. This will affect vital ecosystems such as forest, agriculture, and coastal and marine. The agricultural sector may experience loss as studies reveal that 1 °C increase in temperature causes 10% decrease in rice yield. In
10080-527: The wider population. Though they collectively had significant impact on Filipino society, assimilation erased prior caste differences between them and, in time, the importance of their national origin. However, according to genetic studies, the Philippines remained largely unaffected by admixture with Europeans. Latin Americans outnumbered Europeans, the Spanish in general, and the Chinese outnumbered
10185-510: Was also uncertainty over whether the small boats that would utilize the canal would justify the expense, and fears arose that seawater intrusion might threaten the town's rice fields. In World War II, the Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit [ bcl ] , based near Mount Bernacci, carried out significant operations against Japanese forces. Notably, after Japanese ships docked at Pasacao Pier, they were bombed as part of
10290-747: Was elected as the new leader of the revolution. On March 22, 1897, the convention established the Tejeros Revolutionary Government. Bonifacio refused to recognize this and, with others, concluded the Naic Military Agreement . This led to his execution for treason in May 1897. On November 1, the Tejeros government was supplanted by the Republic of Biak-na-Bato . By December 1897, the revolution had resulted in
10395-565: Was eventually executed on December 30, 1896, on charges of rebellion. This radicalized many who had previously been loyal to Spain. As attempts at reform met with resistance, in 1892, Radical members of the La Liga Filipina, which included Andrés Bonifacio and Deodato Arellano , founded the Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK), called simply the Katipunan, which had
10500-634: Was invited to Cavite to mediate between Aguinaldo's rebels, the Magdalo , and their rivals the Magdiwang , both chapters of the Katipunan. There he became embroiled in discussions whether to replace the Katipunan with an insurgent government of the Cavite rebels' design. This internal dispute led to the Tejeros Convention and an election in which Bonifacio lost his position and Emilio Aguinaldo
10605-499: Was later called the Seven Years' War . British forces occupied Manila from 1762 to 1764, however they were unable to extend their conquest outside of Manila as the Filipinos stayed loyal to the remaining Spanish community outside Manila. Spanish colonial forces kept the British confined to Manila. Catholic Archbishop Manuel Rojo , who had been captured by the British, executed a document of surrender on October 30, 1762, giving
10710-490: Was opposed for a number of reasons, including economic potential, security, and the desire to continue religious conversion in the islands and the surrounding region. The Philippines survived on an annual subsidy provided by the Spanish Crown, which averaged 250,000 pesos and was usually paid through the provision of 75 tons of silver bullion being sent from Spanish America on the Manila galleons . Financial constraints meant
10815-404: Was under British occupation and was being administered as a British colony. Consequently, no specific provision was made for the Philippines. Instead they fell under the general provision that all other lands not otherwise provided for be returned to the Spanish Crown. As industrialization spread throughout Europe and North America in the 19th century, demands for raw materials increased. Although
10920-573: Was underway. With the completion of the Philippine referendum of 1599, Spain could be said to have established legitimate sovereignty over the Philippines. During the initial period of colonialization, Manila was settled by 1,200 Spanish families. In Cebu City , at the Visayas, the settlement received a total of 2,100 soldier-settlers from New Spain, beginning Mexican settlement in the Philippines . Spanish forces included soldiers from elsewhere in New Spain, many of whom deserted and intermingled with
11025-525: Was vital in the galleon commerce between Manila and Acapulco , as well as the defense of the Philippines against the Dutch at the Battle of Playa Honda . In 1627, an attempt was made to establish a canal linking a river in Pasacao to the Bicol River , which would have connected the town to Nueva Caceres (now Naga ). However, the project was abandoned due to concerns about the high costs involved. There
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