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58-812: Anger was born on 7 December 1913 in Gothenburg , Sweden, the son of gatudirektören David Anger and his wife Elsa Berglund. Anger studied law at Stockholm University and later at Uppsala University . After graduating in November 1939, he was drafted into the Army . Soon afterwards, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs offered him a trainee position at the Swedish legation in Berlin , which he began in January 1940. Anger

116-518: A long history in this trade and maritime-oriented city, the name Gothenburg is or was (in the case of German) used for the city. Variations of the official German/English name Gothenburg in the city's 1621 charter existed or exist in many languages. The French form of the city name is Gothembourg , but in French texts, the Swedish name Göteborg is more frequent. In 2003, the city decided to promote

174-473: Is The Göteborg Opera. It was completed in 1994. The architect Jan Izikowitz was inspired by the landscape and described his vision as "Something that makes your mind float over the squiggling landscape like the wings of a seagull." Feskekörka , or Fiskhallen , is an indoor fishmarket by the Rosenlundskanalen in central Gothenburg. Feskekörkan was opened on 1   November 1874 and its name from

232-415: Is a Swedish state administrative authority under the Ministry of Culture , established in 2003. The Living History Forum is a government agency for the promotion of democracy, tolerance and human rights. The authority is mandated to strive to strengthen people's will to actively work for the equal value of all people. It produces investigations and factual material, shows exhibitions for schoolchildren and

290-469: Is a public science centre that opened in 2001, the largest of its kind in Scandinavia. It is divided into six sections, each containing experimental workshops and a collection of reptiles, fish, and insects. Universeum occasionally host debates between Swedish secondary-school students and Nobel Prize laureates or other scholars. The most noted attraction is the amusement park Liseberg , located in

348-530: Is awarded to individuals or groups who have distinguished themselves either in the past or in more recent times. The Prize is administered and awarded by the Forum for Living History . Gothenburg Gothenburg ( / ˈ ɡ ɒ θ ən b ɜːr ɡ / ; abbreviated Gbg ; Swedish : Göteborg [jœtɛˈbɔrj] ) is the gubernatorial seat of Västra Götaland County in Sweden . It

406-475: Is called Kungsportsavenyn (commonly known as Avenyn , "The Avenue"). It is about 1 km (0.6 mi) long and starts at Götaplatsen – which is the location of the Gothenburg Museum of Art , the city's theatre, and the city library, as well as the concert hall – and stretches all the way to Kungsportsplatsen in the old city centre of Gothenburg, crossing a canal and a small park. The Avenyn

464-515: Is especially connected to, and appreciated in, Gothenburg because the city was founded by King Gustavus Adolphus. One of Gothenburg's most popular natural tourist attractions is the southern Gothenburg archipelago , which is a set of several islands that can be reached by ferry boats mainly operating from Saltholmen . Within the archipelago are the Älvsborg fortress , Vinga and Styrsö islands. Forum for Living History The Living History Forum ( Swedish : Forum för levande historia )

522-503: Is isolated from the rest of the city. Bergsjön is another Million Programme suburb north of Gothenburg, it has 14,000 inhabitants. Biskopsgården is the biggest multicultural suburb on the island of Hisingen , which is a part of Gothenburg but separated from the city by the river. Gothenburg has an oceanic climate ( Cfb according to the Köppen climate classification ). Despite its northerly latitude, temperatures are quite mild throughout

580-617: Is marked by a stone near the north end of the Älvsborg Bridge in the Färjenäs Park . The church was built in 1603 and destroyed in 1611. The city was heavily influenced by the Dutch, Germans, and Scots, and Dutch planners and engineers were contracted to construct the city as they had the skills needed to drain and build in the marshy areas chosen for the city. The town was designed like Dutch cities such as Amsterdam , Batavia ( Jakarta ) and New Amsterdam ( Manhattan ). The planning of

638-614: Is the second-largest city in Sweden, after the capital Stockholm , and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries . It is situated by the Kattegat on the west coast of Sweden, with a population of approximately 600,000 in the city proper and about 1.1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area . King Gustavus Adolphus founded Gothenburg by royal charter in 1621 as a heavily fortified, primarily Dutch, trading colony. In addition to

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696-469: Is up to researchers and not state authorities to write history. In this view, the state should not be opinion-forming, but ideological debate should be conducted by parties, organizations and popular movements. The political scientist Emil Uddhammar criticized those opposing the Forum's initiatives for wanting to silence crimes against humanity committed in the name of Marxism. Forum for Living History has

754-606: The Illis quorum Meruere Labores (For Those Whose Labors Have Deserved It) for his actions during and after the war. This is the highest award that can be conferred upon an individual Swedish citizen by the Government of Sweden. The Per Anger Prize was instituted by the Swedish Government to honor the memory of ambassador Per Anger and is awarded for humanitarian work and initiatives in the name of democracy. The prize

812-669: The Chalmers University of Technology . In 1841, the Scotsman Alexander Keiller founded the Götaverken shipbuilding company that was in business until 1989. His son James Keiller donated Keiller Park to the city in 1906. The Gothenburg coat of arms was based on the lion of the coat of arms of Sweden , symbolically holding a shield with the national emblem, the Three Crowns , to defend

870-594: The Göteborgs Konsthall , Gothenburg Museum of Art , and several museums of sea and navigation history, natural history, the sciences, and East India. Aeroseum , close to the Göteborg City Airport, is an aircraft museum in a former military underground air force base. The Volvo museum has exhibits of the history of Volvo and the development from 1927 until today. Products shown include cars, trucks, marine engines, and buses. Universeum

928-712: The National Romantic style, was rich in architectural achievements. Masthugg Church is a noted example of the style of this period. In the early 1920s, on the city's 300th anniversary, the Götaplatsen square with its Neoclassical look was built. After this, the predominant style in Gothenburg and rest of Sweden was Functionalism which especially dominated the suburbs such as Västra Frölunda and Bergsjön . The Swedish functionalist architect Uno Åhrén served as city planner from 1932 through 1943. In

986-532: The Nordic Classicism law court. The main canal of Gothenburg also flanks the square. The Gothenburg Central Station is in the centre of the city, next to Nordstan and Drottningtorget. The building has been renovated and expanded numerous times since the grand opening in October 1858. In 2003, a major reconstruction was finished which brought the 19th-century building into the 21st century expanding

1044-457: The North Sea and Atlantic , situated on the west coast in a very narrow strip of Swedish territory between Danish Halland in the south and Norwegian Bohuslän in the north. After several failed attempts, Gothenburg was successfully founded in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus (Gustaf II Adolf). The site of the first church built in Gothenburg, subsequently destroyed by Danish invaders,

1102-677: The United States . He later became head of Sweden's international aid program and served as ambassador to Australia , Canada and the Bahamas . Throughout his post-war career, Anger led efforts to learn what happened to Wallenberg, even meeting personally with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s. In 2000, the Russian government finally acknowledged that Wallenberg and his driver died in Soviet custody in 1947, although

1160-567: The University of Gothenburg in 2008. The Gothenburg municipality has also reverted to the use of the English name in international contexts. In 2009, Göteborg & Co , the municipal destination management organisation of Gothenburg launched a new promotional logo for Gothenburg spelled "Go:teborg". Since the name "Göteborg" contains the Swedish letter "ö" , they planned to make the name more "international" and "up to date" by turning

1218-407: The "ö" sideways. As of 2015 , the name was spelled "Go:teborg" on logos on various signs around the city. In March 2021, the city removed the "Go:teborg" branding from its English communications and switched back to using the logo with "Gothenburg". In the early modern period , the configuration of Sweden's borders made Gothenburg strategically critical as the only Swedish gateway to Skagerrak ,

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1276-697: The 17th century when the city was founded, since all but the military and royal houses were built of wood. Some structures which do survive from this early phase in the city's history are Kronhuset and the Torstenson Palace , and the fortresses Skansen Kronan and Skansen Lejonet . The first major architecturally interesting period is the 18th century when the East India Company made Gothenburg an important trade city. Imposing stone houses in Neo-Classical style were erected around

1334-416: The 1950s, the big stadium Ullevi was built when Sweden hosted the 1958 FIFA World Cup . The modern architecture of the city has been formed by such architects as Gert Wingårdh , who started as a Post-modernist in the 1980s. Gustaf Adolf Square is a town square located in central Gothenburg. Noted buildings on the square include Gothenburg City Hall (formerly the stock exchange, opened in 1849) and

1392-407: The 19th century, the first comprehensive town plan after the founding of city was created, which led to the construction of the main street, Kungsportsavenyen . Perhaps the most significant type of houses of the city, Landshövdingehusen , were built in the end of the 19th century – three-storey houses with the first floor in stone and the other two in wood. The early 20th century, characterized by

1450-618: The Holocaust had taken place, 14% were "fairly sure", while 8% said they were "not at all sure" or "quite unsure". Living history was a one-time effort and included the book ...About This You Should Learn...: A book about the Holocaust in Europe 1935-1945 . The government later appointed an inquiry into how the activities could be made permanent and a parliamentary decision was made in December 2001 to establish an authority. Heléne Lööw

1508-482: The United States increased, Gothenburg became Sweden's main point of departure for these travellers. The impact of Gothenburg as a main port of embarkation for Swedish emigrants is reflected by Gothenburg, Nebraska , a small Swedish settlement in the United States. With the 19th century, Gothenburg evolved into a modern industrial city that continued on into the 20th century. The population increased tenfold in

1566-485: The ages of 16 and 75 expressed "strong and consistent anti-Semitic attitudes," 36 percent "a partially ambivalent attitude toward Jews," and 59 percent rejected anti-Semitic views. Prime Minister Göran Persson said he was frightened and surprised by this outcome. The report's methodology met with criticism from three professors of political science at the University of Gothenburg , including Ulf Bjereld. The criticism

1624-614: The area are AstraZeneca , Ericsson , and SKF . Gothenburg is served by Göteborg Landvetter Airport 25 km (16 mi) southeast of the city centre. The smaller Göteborg City Airport , 15 km (9.3 mi) from the city centre, was closed to regular airline traffic in 2015. The city hosts the Gothia Cup , the world's largest youth football tournament, and the Göteborg Basketball Festival, Europe's largest youth basketball tournament, alongside some of

1682-577: The building's resemblance to a Gothic church. The Gothenburg city hall is in the Beaux-Arts architectural style. The Gothenburg Synagogue at Stora Nygatan, near Drottningtorget, was built in 1855 according to the designs of the German architect August Krüger. The Gunnebo House is a country house located to the south of Gothenburg, in Mölndal. It was built in a neoclassical architecture towards

1740-556: The canals. One example from this period is the East India House, which today houses the Göteborg City Museum . In the 19th century, the wealthy bourgeoisie began to move outside the city walls which had protected the city. The style now was an eclectic, academic, somewhat overdecorated style which the middle-class favoured. The working class lived in the overcrowded city district Haga in wooden houses. In

1798-529: The capacity for trains, travellers, and shopping. Not far from the central station is the Skanskaskrapan , or more commonly known as "The Lipstick". It is 86 m (282 ft) high with 22 floors and coloured in red-white stripes. The skyscraper was designed by Ralph Erskine and built by Skanska in the late 1980s as the headquarters for the company. By the shore of the Göta Älv at Lilla Bommen

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1856-488: The central part of the city. It is the largest amusement park in Scandinavia by number of rides, and was chosen as one of the top ten amusement parks in the world (2005) by Forbes . It is the most popular attraction in Sweden by number of visitors per year (more than 3 million). There are a number of independent theatre ensembles in the city, besides institutions such as Gothenburg City Theatre , Backa Theatre (youth theatre), and Folkteatern . The main boulevard

1914-473: The century, from 13,000 (1800) to 130,000 (1900). In the 20th century, major companies that developed included SKF (1907) and Volvo (1927). Gothenburg is located on the west coast, in southwestern Sweden, about halfway between the capital cities of Copenhagen (Denmark) and Oslo (Norway). The location at the mouth of the Göta älv, which feeds into the Kattegat , an arm of the North Sea, has helped

1972-571: The city against its enemies. In the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), Denmark–Norway ceded the Danish province of Halland, in the south, and the Norwegian province of Bohus County or Bohuslän in the north, which left Gothenburg less exposed. Gothenburg grew into a significant port and trade centre on the west coast, because it was the only city on the west coast that, along with Marstrand , was granted

2030-501: The city grow in significance as a trading city . The archipelago of Gothenburg consists of rough, barren rocks and cliffs, which also is typical for the coast of Bohuslän. Due to the Gulf Stream , the city has a mild climate and moderately heavy precipitation. It is the second-largest city in Sweden after its capital Stockholm . The Gothenburg Metropolitan Area ( Stor-Göteborg ) has 1,080,980 inhabitants (2023) and extends to

2088-561: The city. Anger and Wallenberg worked together, often literally snatching people from transports and death marches. After the Soviets invaded in January 1945, both Anger and Wallenberg were taken into custody. Anger was released three months later, but Wallenberg never emerged again, becoming one of the 20th century's most famous missing persons. After the war, Anger served in numerous diplomatic posts in Egypt , Ethiopia , France , Austria and

2146-576: The end of the 18th century. Created in the early 1900s was the Vasa Church . It is located in Vasastan and is built of granite in a neo-Romanesque style. Karlatornet , a skyscraper set to be fully completed in 2025, stands as the tallest building in the Nordics, reaching a height of 246 meters. Another noted construction is Brudaremossen TV Tower , one of the few partially guyed towers in

2204-601: The exact circumstances of their deaths remain unclear. In 1943, Anger married Elena Wikström (born 1920), the daughter of ryttmästare Nils Wikström and Corinna Autenrieth. They had three children: Birgitta (born 1944), Jan (born 1946), and Peter (born 1955). Anger died in Stockholm after suffering a stroke. In 1982, Anger was recognized by Yad Vashem as one of the Righteous Among the Nations and in 1995 he

2262-697: The general public and conducts information activities in general. The authority was established in 2003. The origin of the authority was the information initiative Living History initiated by Göran Persson in June 1997 . The background to this was in turn a report by the Center for Immigrant Research at Stockholm University and the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention the same month. This report had concluded that 66% of Swedish young people surveyed had said they were "completely sure" that

2320-560: The generous privileges given to his Dutch allies during the ongoing Thirty Years' War , e.g. tax relaxation, he also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast; this trading status was furthered by the founding of the Swedish East India Company . At a key strategic location at the mouth of the Göta älv , where Scandinavia's largest drainage basin enters

2378-613: The idea of issuing Swedish provisional passports and special certificates to protect Jews from internment and deportation. Seven hundred of these documents were issued initially. Although the legality of the documents was doubtful, the Hungarian government agreed to recognize their bearers as Swedish citizens. On 9 July, Raoul Wallenberg arrived in Budapest. He immediately extended Anger's initiative, introducing colorful protective passes ( Schutzpasse ) and creating "safe houses" throughout

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2436-448: The largest annual events in Scandinavia. The Gothenburg Film Festival , held in January since 1979, is the leading Scandinavian film festival and attracts over 155,000 visitors each year. In summer, a wide variety of music festivals are held in the city, including the popular Way Out West Festival . The city was named Göteborg in the city's charter in 1621 and simultaneously given the German and English name Gothenburg. The Swedish name

2494-781: The municipalities of Ale , Alingsås , Göteborg, Härryda , Kungälv , Lerum , Lilla Edet , Mölndal , Partille , Stenungsund , Tjörn , Öckerö within Västra Götaland County , and Kungsbacka within Halland County . Angered , a suburb outside Gothenburg, consists of Hjällbo, Eriksbo, Rannebergen, Hammarkullen, Gårdsten, and Lövgärdet. It is a Million Programme part of Gothenburg, like Rosengård in Malmö and Botkyrka in Stockholm. Angered had about 50,000 inhabitants in 2015. It lies north of Gothenburg and

2552-691: The name Göteborg in international contexts, a decision which was reversed six years later. However, the traditional forms ("Gothenburg" in English, or Gotemburgo in Spanish and Portuguese) are sometimes replaced with the use of the Swedish Göteborg , for example by The Göteborg Opera and the Göteborg Ballet. However, Göteborgs universitet , previously designated as the Göteborg University in English, changed its name to

2610-401: The rights to trade with merchants from other countries. In the 18th century, fishing was the most important industry. However, in 1731, the Swedish East India Company was founded, and the city flourished due to its foreign trade with highly profitable commercial expeditions to China. The harbour developed into Sweden's main harbour for trade towards the west, and when Swedish emigration to

2668-531: The sea, the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries. The presence of the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology has led Gothenburg to become home to many students. Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927, with both the original Volvo Group and the separate Volvo Car Corporation still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city. Other key companies in

2726-418: The streets and canals of Gothenburg closely resembled that of Jakarta, which was built by the Dutch around the same time. The Dutchmen initially won political power, and it was not until 1652, when the last Dutch politician in the city's council died, that Swedes acquired political power over Gothenburg. During the Dutch period, the town followed Dutch town laws and Dutch was proposed as the official language in

2784-618: The summer. Winters are cold and windy with temperatures of around −1 to 4 °C (30 to 39 °F), though it rarely drops below −20 °C (−4 °F). Precipitation is regular but generally moderate throughout the year. Snow mainly occurs from December to March, but is not unusual in November and April and can sometimes occur even in October and May. Gothenburg has several parks and nature reserves ranging in size from tens of square meters to hundreds of hectares. It also has many green areas that are not designated as parks or reserves. Selection of parks: Very few buildings are left from

2842-510: The town. Robust city walls were built during the 17th century. In 1807, a decision was made to tear down most of the city's wall. The work started in 1810 and was carried out by 150 soldiers from the Bohus regiment. Along with the Dutch, the town was also heavily influenced by Scots who settled down in Gothenburg. Many became people of high-profile. William Chalmers , the son of a Scottish immigrant, donated his fortunes to set up what later became

2900-582: The well-known Haga bulle – a large cinnamon roll similar to the kanelbulle . Five Gothenburg restaurants have a star in the 2008 Michelin Guide : 28+ Basement, Fond, Kock & Vin, Fiskekrogen, and Sjömagasinet. The city has a number of star chefs. In 2007, seven Swedish Chef of the Year awards of the previous twelve years had been won by people from Gothenburg. The Gustavus Adolphus pastry , eaten every 6   November in Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus Day ,

2958-581: The world. The sea, trade, and industrial history of the city are evident in the cultural life of Gothenburg. It is also a popular destination for tourists on the Swedish west coast. Many of the cultural institutions, as well as hospitals and the university, were created by donations from rich merchants and industrialists, for example the Röhsska Museum . On 29   December 2004, the Museum of World Culture opened near Korsvägen . Museums include

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3016-698: The year and warmer than places at a similar latitude such as Stockholm ; this is mainly because of the moderating influence of the Gulf Stream . During the summer, daylight extends 18 hours and 5 minutes, but lasts 6 hours and 32 minutes in late December. The climate has become significantly milder in later decades, particularly in summer and winter; July temperatures used to be below Stockholm's 1961–1990 averages, but have since been warmer than that benchmark. Summers are warm and pleasant with average high temperatures of 20 to 22 °C (68 to 72 °F) and lows of 12 to 15 °C (54 to 59 °F), but temperatures of 25–30 °C (77–86 °F) occur on many days during

3074-512: Was assigned to the trade department, but after the legation received information about an impending Nazi attack on Norway and Denmark , he became involved in relaying intelligence to Stockholm. In June 1941, he returned to Stockholm, where he worked on trade relations between Sweden and Hungary . In November 1942, he was sent to Budapest as Second Secretary at the Swedish legation. After Germany invaded Hungary on 19 March 1944, Anger became involved in efforts to aid Hungarian Jews. Anger originated

3132-490: Was created in the 1860s and 1870s as a result of an international architecture contest, and is the product of a period of extensive town planning and remodelling. Avenyn has Gothenburg's highest concentration of pubs and clubs. Gothenburg's largest shopping centre (8th largest in Sweden), Nordstan , is located in central Gothenburg. Gothenburg's Haga district is known for its picturesque wooden houses and its cafés serving

3190-572: Was given after the Göta älv , called Göta River in English, and other cities ending in -borg . Both the Swedish and German/English names were in use before 1621 and had already been used for the previous city founded in 1604 that burned down in 1611. Gothenburg is one of few Swedish cities to still have an official and widely used exonym . The city council of 1641 consisted of four Swedish, three Dutch, three German, and two Scottish members. In Dutch , Scots , English, and German, all languages with

3248-743: Was honored with the Hungarian Republic 's Order of Merit . In 1995, Anger was awarded the Wallenberg Medal by the University of Michigan in recognition of his extraordinary courage and humanitarian commitment. In 2000, he was awarded honorary Israeli citizenship. In 2001, the American Swedish Historical Museum presented him with the Spirit of Raoul Wallenberg Humanitarian Award. In April, 2002 Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson awarded Anger

3306-401: Was rejected by the report editors and commented upon by other researchers. After the parliamentary elections in 2006 , the new government expanded its mandate to include the dissemination of information about crimes committed by communist regimes. The Forum for Living History has also been criticized by the Left Party , a Socialist organisation, among other things based on the idea that it

3364-443: Was the agency's first superintendent, until July 2006. The Living History Forum has an office and exhibition space at Stora Nygatan 10 in the Old Town of Stockholm , a property designed by Erik Josephson and built in 1909–1912 for Skandinaviska Banken . The survey of anti-Semitism in Sweden attracted a great deal of attention. It was conducted as a survey of attitudes towards Jews and Judaism. Five percent of those surveyed between

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