Qinghai is an inland province in Northwestern China . It is the largest province of China (excluding autonomous regions) by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xining .
92-571: This is an alphabetical list of all populated places, including cities, towns and villages, in the Tibet Autonomous Region of western China . Tibet Autonomous Region The Tibet Autonomous Region , officially the Xizang Autonomous Region , often shortened to Tibet or Xizang , is an autonomous region of China and is part of Southwestern China . It was formally established in 1965 to replace
184-450: A Sprachbund , with Zhongyuan Mandarin , Amdo Tibetan , Salar , Yugur , and Monguor borrowing from and influencing one another. In mainstream Chinese culture , Qinghai is most associated with the Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven . According to this legend, King Mu of Zhou (r. 976–922 BCE) pursued hostile Quanrong nomads to eastern Qinghai, where the goddess Xi Wangmu threw the king
276-661: A 2010 Chinese survey found a higher proportion of 0.4%. There is a Catholic church with 700 parishioners, which is located in the traditionally Catholic community of Yanjing in the east of the region. From the 1951 Seventeen Point Agreement to 2003, life expectancy in Tibet increased from thirty-six years to sixty-seven years with infant mortality and absolute poverty declining steadily. The average life expectancy in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) reached 72.19 years by 2021, compared to 35.5 years recorded in 1951,
368-542: A banquet in the Kunlun Mountains . The main religions in Qinghai are Tibetan Buddhism , Islam and Chinese Folk Religions . The Dongguan Mosque has been continuously operating since 1380. Measures of education in Qinghai are low, particularly among the ethnic minorities. The yak , which is native to Qinghai, is widely used in the province for transportation and its meat. The Mongols of Qinghai celebrate
460-518: A fifth of the population of Qinghai and the Hui compose roughly a sixth of the population. There are over 37 recognized ethnic groups among Qinghai's population of 5.6 million, with national minorities making up a total of 49.5% of the population. The area of Qinghai came under the control of the Manchu -led Qing Dynasty around 1724, after their defeat of Khoshut Mongols who previously controlled most of
552-536: A monastery in 1932. The army of Ma Bufang defeated the Tibetan armies. Governor of Qinghai Ma Bufang was described as a socialist by American journalist John Roderick and friendly compared to the other Ma Clique warlords. Ma Bufang was reported to be good humoured and jovial in contrast to the brutal reign of Ma Hongkui . Most of eastern China was ravaged by the Second Sino-Japanese War and
644-454: A tiny Tibetan Christian community in eastern Tibet. Smaller tribal groups such as the Monpa and Lhoba , who follow a combination of Tibetan Buddhism and spirit worship, are found mainly in the southeastern parts of the region. Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic Tibetans . According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by
736-490: A total of 66 counties and 8 districts ( Chengguan , Doilungdêqên , Dagzê , Samzhubzê , Karub , Bayi , Nêdong , and Seni ). With an average of only two people per square kilometer, Tibet has the lowest population density among any of the Chinese province-level administrative regions, mostly due to its harsh and rugged terrain. In 2022, only 37.4 percent of Tibet's population was urban, with 63.4 being rural, amongst
828-731: Is Qinghai province's passage to the outside world, a transportation hub with more than ten highways, over 100 roads and two railways, Lanzhou-Qinghai and Qinghai-Tibet Railways in and out of the city. It focuses on the development of following industries: chemicals based on salt lake resources, nonferrous metals, and petroleum and natural gas processing; special medicine, foods and bio-chemicals using local plateau animals and plants; new products involving ecological and environmental protection, high technology, new materials as well as information technology; and services such as logistics, banking, real estate, tourism, hotel, catering, agency and international trade. Many tourist attractions center on Xining ,
920-524: Is a province-level entity of the People's Republic of China. Chinese law nominally guarantees some autonomy in the areas of education and language policy. Like other subdivisions of China, routine administration is carried out by a People's Government , headed by a chairman, who has been an ethnic Tibetan except for an interregnum during the Cultural Revolution . As with other Chinese provinces,
1012-600: Is built according to both Chinese and Tibetan architecture. It was first erected in 1792 under the Qing dynasty and renovated around 2013 after decades of disrepair. Built or rebuilt between 2014 and 2015 is the Guandi Temple of Qomolangma ( Mount Everest ), on Ganggar Mount, in Tingri County . There are four mosques in the Tibet Autonomous Region with approximately 4,000 to 5,000 Muslim adherents, although
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#17327722221571104-550: Is called the Chang Tang (Byang sang) or 'Northern Plateau' by the people of Tibet. It is 1,100 km (680 mi) broad and covers an area about equal to that of France. Due to its great distance from the ocean it is extremely arid and possesses no river outlet. The mountain ranges are spread out, rounded, disconnected, and separated by relatively flat valleys. The Tibet AR is dotted over with large and small lakes, generally salt or alkaline , and intersected by streams. Due to
1196-560: Is formed by the Yarlung Tsangpo River during its middle reaches, where it travels from west to east. The valley is approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) long and 300 km (190 mi) wide. The valley descends from 4,500 m (14,760 ft) above sea level to 2,800 m (9,190 ft). The mountains on either side of the valley are usually around 5,000 m (16,400 ft) high. Lakes here include Lake Paiku and Lake Puma Yumco . The Tibet Autonomous Region
1288-525: Is in many areas the most important source of cash for rural households. It contributes an average of 40% to rural cash income and 8.5% to the Tibet Autonomous Region's GDP. The re-opening of the Nathu La pass (on southern Tibet's border with India) should facilitate Sino-Indian border trade and boost Tibet's economy. The China Western Development policy was adopted in 2000 by the central government to boost economic development in western China, including
1380-630: Is the largest saltwater lake in China, and is also located on the "Roof of the World", the Tibetan Plateau. The lake itself lies at 3,600 m elevation. The surrounding area is made up of rolling grasslands and populated by ethnic Tibetans. Most pre-arranged tours stop at Bird Island ( 鸟岛 ; niǎo dǎo ). An international bicycle race takes place annually from Xining to Qinghai Lake. The Lanqing Railway , running between Lanzhou , Gansu and Xining ,
1472-649: Is the region of China with the largest per capita government spending on education . Foreign tourists were first permitted to visit the Tibet Autonomous Region in the 1980s. While the main attraction is the Potala Palace in Lhasa , there are many other popular tourist destinations including the Jokhang Temple , Namtso Lake , and Tashilhunpo Monastery . Nonetheless, tourism in Tibet is still restricted for non-Chinese passport holders (including citizens of
1564-474: Is the second-largest province-level division of China by area, after Xinjiang . Due to its harsh and rugged terrain, it is sparsely populated at just over 3.6 million people with a population density of 3 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.8/sq mi), and is the least-populous autonomous region or province in China. Yarlung kings founded the Tibetan Empire in 618. By the end of the 8th century,
1656-461: Is very low in winter and spring, and is generally low enough to keep much of the province semi-arid or arid . The Politics of Qinghai Province in the People's Republic of China are structured in a one party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China . The Governor of Qinghai (青海省省长) is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Qinghai. However, in
1748-695: The British invasion until the establishment of the PRC. Only 8% of Han people have household registration in TAR, others keep their household registration in place of origin. Tibetan scholars and exiles claim that, with the 2006 completion of the Qingzang Railway connecting the Tibet Autonomous Region to Qinghai Province, there has been an "acceleration" of Han migration into the region. The Tibetan government-in-exile based in northern India asserts that
1840-494: The Chinese Civil War , by contrast, Qinghai was relatively untouched. Ma Bufang increased the prominence of the Hui and Salar people in Qinghai's politics by heavily recruiting to his army from the counties in which those ethnic groups predominated. General Ma started a state run and controlled industrialization project, directly creating educational, medical, agricultural, and sanitation projects, run or assisted by
1932-593: The Dzungar Khanate . Despite politically charged historical debate concerning the nature of Sino-Tibetan relations, some historians posit that Tibet under the Ganden Phodrang (1642–1951) was an independent state, albeit under various foreign suzerainties for much of this period, including by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The Dzungar forces were in turn expelled by the 1720 expedition to Tibet during
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#17327722221572024-684: The Dzungar–Qing Wars . This began a period of direct Qing rule over Tibet. From the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912 until 1950, the State of Tibet was de facto independent, as were other regions claimed by the successor Republic of China . The Republican regime, preoccupied with warlordism (1916–1928), civil war (1927–1949) and Japanese invasion (1937–1945), did not exert authority in Tibet. Other regions of ethno-cultural Tibet in eastern Kham and Amdo had been under de jure administration of
2116-611: The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition published between 1910 and 1911, the total population of the Tibetan capital of Lhasa, including the lamas in the city and vicinity, was about 30,000, and the permanent population also included Chinese families (about 2,000). Most Han people in the Tibet Autonomous Region (12.2% of the total population) are recent migrants, because all of the Han were expelled from "Outer Tibet" ( Central Tibet ) following
2208-601: The Han Chinese . The large Tibetan population practices Tibetan schools of Buddhism or traditional Tibetan Bön religion, while the Hui Chinese practice Islam . Christianity is the religion of 0.76% of the province's population according to the Chinese General Social Survey of 2004. According to a survey of 2010, 17.51% of the population of Qinghai follow Islam. From September 1848,
2300-679: The Hui Muslim population of Shaanxi , shifting the Hui center of population to Gansu and Qinghai. Another Dungan Revolt broke out in Qinghai in 1895 when various Muslim ethnic groups in Qinghai and Gansu rebelled against the Qing. Following the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911, the region came under Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Qi control until the Northern Expedition by the Republic of China consolidated central control in 1928. In July–August 1912, General Ma Fuxiang
2392-702: The Line of Actual Control in a bilateral agreement signed on 7 September 1993 . Physically, the Tibet AR may be divided into two parts: the lakes region in the west and north-west and the river region, which spreads out on three sides of the former on the east, south and west. Both regions receive limited amounts of rainfall as they lie in the rain shadow of the Himalayas ; however, the region names are useful in contrasting their hydrological structures, and also in contrasting their different cultural uses: nomadic in
2484-548: The Naadam festival on the Qaidam Basin every year. Qinghai's economy is amongst the smallest in China. Its nominal GDP in 2022 was just RMB 361 billion (US$ 50 billion) and contributes to about 0.30% of the entire country's economy. Per capita GDP was RMB 60,724 (US$ 9,028) (nominal), the 24th in China. Its heavy industry includes iron and steel production, located near its capital city of Xining. Oil and natural gas from
2576-841: The Nyang River , the Salween , the Yangtze , the Mekong , and the Yellow River . The Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon , formed by a horseshoe bend in the river where it flows around Namcha Barwa , is the deepest and possibly longest canyon in the world. Among the mountains there are many narrow valleys. The valleys of Lhasa , Xigazê , Gyantse and the Brahmaputra are free from permafrost, covered with good soil and groves of trees, well irrigated, and richly cultivated. The South Tibet Valley
2668-455: The Oirats . The Xunhua Salar Autonomous County is where most Salar people live in Qinghai. The Salars migrated to Qinghai from Samarkand in 1370. The chief of the four upper clans around this time was Han Pao-yuan and Ming granted him office of centurion, it was at this time the people of his four clans took Han as their surname. The other chief Han Shan-pa of the four lower Salar clans got
2760-491: The Qaidam Basin have also been an important contributor to the economy. Salt works operate at many of the province's numerous salt lakes. Outside of the provincial capital, Xining, most of Qinghai remains underdeveloped. Qinghai ranks second lowest in China in terms of highway length, and will require a significant expansion of its infrastructure to capitalize on the economic potential of its rich natural resources. Xining Economic & Technological Development Zone (XETDZ)
2852-612: The Tibet Area , the former administrative division of the PRC established after the annexation of Tibet . The establishment was about five years after the 1959 Tibetan uprising and the dismissal of the Kashag , and about 13 years after the original annexation. The current borders of the Tibet Autonomous Region were generally established in the 18th century and include about half of historical Tibet. The Tibet Autonomous Region spans over 1,200,000 km (460,000 sq mi), and
List of populated places in the Tibet Autonomous Region - Misplaced Pages Continue
2944-667: The "Tibetan frontier district". In 1724, 13-Article for the Effective Governing of Qinghai (Chinese:青海善后事宜十三条) was proposed by Nian Gengyao and adopted by the Central Government to gain full control of Qinghai. Under the Qing dynasty, the governor was a viceroy of the Emperor, but local ethnic groups enjoyed significant autonomy. Many chiefs retained their traditional authority, participating in local administrations. The Dungan Revolt (1862–1877) devastated
3036-558: The 1250s, and was made the head of the Tibetan region administration c. 1264 . From 1354 to 1642, Central Tibet ( Ü-Tsang ) was ruled by a succession of dynasties from Nêdong , Shigatse and Lhasa . In 1642, the Ganden Phodrang court of the 5th Dalai Lama was established by Güshi Khan of the Khoshut Khanate , who was enthroned as King of Tibet. The Khoshuts ruled until 1717, when they were overthrown by
3128-509: The 1980s, however, other jobs such as taxi-driving and hotel retail work have become available in the wake of Chinese economic reform . In 2011, Tibet's GDP topped 60.5 billion yuan (US$ 9.60 billion), nearly more than seven times as big as the 11.78 billion yuan (US$ 1.47 billion) in 2000. Economic growth since the beginning of the 21st century has averaged over 10 percent a year. By 2023, its gross domestic product (GDP) stood at nearly 239.3 billion yuan (about 33.6 billion U.S. dollars), adding that
3220-512: The CCP's official aim to eliminate "the three evils of separatism, terrorism and religious extremism" is used as a pretext for human rights abuses. A 1992 Amnesty International report stated that judicial standards in the Tibet Autonomous Region were not up to "international standards". The report charged the CCP government with keeping political prisoners and prisoners of conscience ; ill-treatment of detainees, including torture , and inaction in
3312-671: The China’s national average. By 2022, the GDP of the region surpassed 213 billion yuan (US$ 31.7 billion in nominal), while GDP per capita reached CN¥58,438 ( US$ 8,688 in nominal). In 2022, Tibet's GDP per capita ranked 25th highest in China, as well as higher than any South Asian country except Maldives . In 2008, Chinese news media reported that the per capita disposable incomes of urban and rural residents in Tibet averaged (CN¥12,482 ( US$ 1,798 ) and CN¥3,176 ( US$ 457 ) respectively. While traditional agriculture and animal husbandry continue to lead
3404-507: The Chinese dynastic government since the mid-18th century; they form parts of the provinces of Qinghai , Gansu , Sichuan and Yunnan . In 1950, following the proclamation of the People's Republic of China the year before, the People's Liberation Army entered Tibet and defeated the Tibetan army in a battle fought near the city of Chamdo . In 1951, Tibetan representatives signed the Seventeen Point Agreement for
3496-624: The Himalaya and 34° N, but are most numerous to the west of Tengri Nor (north-west of Lhasa). So intense is the cold in this part of Tibet that these springs are sometimes represented by columns of ice, the nearly boiling water having frozen in the act of ejection. The river region is characterized by fertile mountain valleys and includes the Yarlung Tsangpo River (the upper courses of the Brahmaputra ) and its major tributary,
3588-585: The International Religious Freedom Report of 2012, most Tibetans (who comprise 91% of the population of the Tibet Autonomous Region) are adherents of Tibetan Buddhism, while a minority of 400,000 people are followers the native Bon or folk religions which share the image of Confucius ( Tibetan : Kongtse Trulgyi Gyalpo ) with Chinese folk religion , though in a different light. According to some reports,
3680-612: The Mongol Oirat name for Qinghai Lake. Both Tso ngon and Kokonor are names found in historic documents to describe the region. Located mostly on the Tibetan Plateau , the province is inhabited by a number of peoples including the Han (concentrated in the provincial capital of Xining, nearby Haidong , and Haixi ), Tibetans , Hui , Mongols , Monguors , and Salars . According to the 2021 census reports, Tibetans constitute
3772-455: The PRC is promoting the migration of Han workers and soldiers to Tibet to marginalize and assimilate the locals. The main religion in Tibet has been Buddhism since its outspread in the 8th century AD. Before the arrival of Buddhism, the main religion among Tibetans was an indigenous shamanic and animistic religion, Bon , which now comprises a sizeable minority and influenced the formation of Tibetan Buddhism . According to estimates from
List of populated places in the Tibet Autonomous Region - Misplaced Pages Continue
3864-797: The Peaceful Liberation of Tibet with the Central People's Government affirming China's sovereignty over Tibet and the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China . The 14th Dalai Lama ratified the agreement in October 1951. After the failure of a violent uprising in 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India and renounced the Seventeen Point Agreement. During the 1950s and 1960s, Western-dispatched insurgents were parachuted into Tibet, almost all of whom were captured and killed. The establishment of
3956-680: The Republic of China from Taiwan), and foreigners must apply for a Tibet Entry Permit to enter the region. A 2019 white paper from The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China reported Tibet's road system has achieved a total of 118,800 km. The civil airports in Tibet are Lhasa Gonggar Airport , Qamdo Bangda Airport , Nyingchi Airport , and the Gunsa Airport . Gunsa Airport in Ngari Prefecture began operations on 1 July 2010, to become
4048-628: The Salars in Xunhua County ; Tibetans and Mongols are sparsely distributed across the rural western part of the province. Of the Muslim ethnic groups in China, Qinghai has communities of Hui, Salar, Dongxiang , and Bao'an . The Hui dominate the wholesale business in Qinghai. Religion in Qinghai (2000s) The predominant religions in Qinghai are Chinese folk religions (including Taoist traditions and Confucianism ) and Chinese Buddhism among
4140-403: The Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965 made Tibet a provincial-level division of China. The Tibet Autonomous Region is located on the Tibetan Plateau , the highest region on Earth. In northern Tibet elevations reach an average of over 4,572 metres (15,000 ft). Mount Everest is located on Tibet's border with Nepal . China's provincial-level areas of Xinjiang , Qinghai and Sichuan lie to
4232-517: The Tibet Autonomous Region. Because the central government permits Tibet to have a preferentially low corporate income tax rate, many corporations have registered in Tibet. There are 4 universities and 3 special colleges in Tibet, including Tibet University , Tibet University for Nationalities , Tibet Tibetan Medical University , Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College , Lhasa Teachers College , Tibet Police College and Tibet Vocational and Technical College . As of at least 2019, Tibet
4324-623: The Tibetan Empire , a series of local polities emerged under the political jostling of Western Xia to the north and Song dynasty to the east -- from the military-rule of Guiyi Circuit , to a Tibetan tribal confederacy, and eventually the Tibetan theocratic kingdom of Tsongkha . The Song dynasty eventually defeated the Kokonor kingdom Tsongkha in the 1070s. During the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty 's administrative rule of Tibet ,
4416-455: The area around Tso ngon (Lake Go, or Kokonor Lake). Military conflicts had severely weakened the Tuyuhun kingdom and it was incorporated into the Tibetan Empire. The Tibetan Empire continued expanding beyond Tso ngon during Trisong Detsen 's and Ralpacan 's reigns, and the empire controlled vast areas north and east of Tso ngon until 848, which included Xi'an . During the fragmentation of
4508-549: The area's economy, in 2005 the tertiary sector contributed more than half of its GDP growth, the first time it surpassed the area's primary industry. Rich reserves of natural resources and raw materials have yet to lead to the creation of a strong secondary sector, due in large part to the province's inhospitable terrain, low population density, an underdeveloped infrastructure and the high cost of extraction. The collection of caterpillar fungus ( Cordyceps sinensis , known in Tibetan as Yartsa Gunbu ) in late spring / early summer
4600-602: The area. After the Xinhai Revolution and the ensuing fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qinghai came under Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Qi 's control until the Northern Expedition by the Republic of China consolidated central control in 1928. In the same year, the province of Qinghai was established by the Nationalist Government , with Xining as its capital. During the Bronze Age , Qinghai
4692-561: The chairman carries out work under the direction of the regional secretary of the Chinese Communist Party . The standing committee of the regional Communist Party Committee serves as the top rung of political power in the region. The current chairman is Yan Jinhai and the current party secretary is Wang Junzheng . The Autonomous Region is divided into seven prefecture-level divisions : six prefecture-level cities and one prefecture . These in turn are subdivided into
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#17327722221574784-512: The city was the seat of a short-lived Latin Catholic Apostolic Vicariate (pre-diocesan missionary jurisdiction) of Kokonur (alias Khouhkou-noor, Kokonoor), but it was suppressed in 1861. No incumbent(s) recorded. Qinghai has been influenced by interactions "between Mongol and Tibetan culture, north to south, and Han Chinese and Inner Asia Muslim culture, east to west". The languages of Qinghai have for centuries formed
4876-750: The construction of three more by 2020. Since the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology began its "Access to Telephones Project", Qinghai has invested 640 million yuan to provide telephone access to 3,860 out of its 4,133 administrative villages. At the end of 2006, 299 towns had received Internet access . However, 6.6 percent of villages in the region still have no access to the telephone. These villages are mainly scattered in Qingnan Area, with 90 percent of them located in Yushu and Guoluo . The average altitude of these areas exceeds 3600 meters, and
4968-449: The death rate of women in childbirth dropped to 38.63 per 100,000 in 2023 from 5,000 per 100,000 in 1951, the infant mortality rate fell to 5.37 per 1,000 from 430 per 1,000. Before the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China in 1951, Tibet was ruled by a theocracy and had a caste-like social hierarchy. Human rights in Tibet prior to its incorporation into the People's Republic of China differed considerably from those in
5060-432: The empire reached its greatest extent. After a civil war, the empire broke up in 842. The royal lineage fragmented and ruled over small kingdoms such as Guge and Maryul . The Mongol Empire conquered Tibet in 1244 but granted the region a degree of political autonomy. Kublai Khan later incorporated Tibetans into his Yuan empire (1271–1368). The Sakya lama Drogön Chögyal Phagpa became religious teacher to Kublai in
5152-525: The expense was borne by the residents themselves, often through bank loans. The population transfer program, which was first implemented in Qinghai where 300,000 nomads were resettled, is called "Comfortable Housing", which is part of the "Build a New Socialist Countryside" program. Its effect on Tibetan culture has been criticized by exiles and human rights groups. Finding employment is difficult for relocated persons who have only agrarian skills. Income shortfalls are offset by government support programs. It
5244-524: The face of ill-treatment; the use of the death penalty; extrajudicial executions ; and forced abortion and sterilization . Beginning in 2006, 280,000 Tibetans who lived in traditional villages and as nomadic herdsmen have been forcefully relocated into villages and towns. In those areas, new housing was built and existing houses were remodelled to serve a total of 2 million people. Those living in substandard housing were required to dismantle their houses and remodel them to government standards. Much of
5336-486: The fourth civil airport in China's Tibet Autonomous Region. The Peace Airport for Xigazê was opened for civilian use on 30 October 2010. Announced in 2010, Nagqu Dagring Airport was expected to become the world's highest altitude airport, at 4,436 meters above sea level. However, in 2015 it was reported that construction of the airport has been delayed due to the necessity to develop higher technological standards. The Qinghai–Tibet Railway from Golmud to Lhasa
5428-417: The government of China has been promoting the Bon religion, linking it with Confucianism . Most of the Han Chinese who reside in Tibet practice their native Chinese folk religion ( 神道 ; shén dào ; 'Way of the Gods'). There is a Guandi Temple of Lhasa ( 拉萨关帝庙 ) where the Chinese god of war Guandi is identified with the cross-ethnic Chinese, Tibetan, Mongol and Manchu deity Gesar . The temple
5520-606: The growth rates of the region's major economic indicators, including per capita disposable income, fixed asset investment, and total retail sales of consumer goods, all ranked first in China. The added value of the service sector accounted for 54.1 percent and contributed a 57.6 percent share to economic growth. Investment in fixed assets also grew rapidly last year, with investment in infrastructure up by 34.8 percent and investment in areas related to people's livelihoods up by 31.8 percent. Its GDP grew by an annual average of 9.5 percent from 2012 to 2023, about 3 percentage points higher than
5612-436: The headwaters of these three rivers and consists of 18 subareas, each containing three zones which are managed with differing degrees of strictness. Qinghai Lake is the largest salt water lake in China, and the second largest in the world. Other large lakes are Lake Hala in the Qilian mountains , lakes Gyaring and Ngoring in the headwater region of the Yellow River, Lake Donggi Cona , and many saline and salt lakes in
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#17327722221575704-519: The high altitude, Qinghai has quite cold winters (harsh in the highest elevations), mild summers, and a large diurnal temperature variation . Its mean annual temperature is approximately −5 to 8 °C (23 to 46 °F), with January temperatures ranging from −18 to −7 °C (0 to 19 °F) and July temperatures ranging from 15 to 21 °C (59 to 70 °F). It is also prone to heavy winds as well as sandstorms from February to April. Significant rainfall occurs mainly in summer, while precipitation
5796-515: The highest amount of funding from the central government to the local government as of at least 2019. As of at least 2019, Tibet has the highest total per capita government expenditure of any region in China, including the highest per capita government expenditure on health care , the highest per capita government expenditure on education, and the second highest per capita government expenditure on social security and employment. The Tibetans traditionally depended upon agriculture for survival. Since
5888-414: The lake region and agricultural in the river region. On the south the Tibet AR is bounded by the Himalayas, and on the north by a broad mountain system. The system at no point narrows to a single range; generally there are three or four across its breadth. As a whole the system forms the watershed between rivers flowing to the Indian Ocean — the Indus , Brahmaputra and Salween and its tributaries — and
5980-399: The lowest in China, though this is significantly up from 22.6 percent in 2011. In 2020 the Tibetan population was three million. The ethnic Tibetans , comprising 86.0% of the population, mainly adhere to Tibetan Buddhism and Bön , although there is an ethnic Tibetan Muslim community . Other Muslim ethnic groups such as the Hui and the Salar have inhabited the region. There is also
6072-403: The middle of 3rd century CE, nomadic people related to the Mongolic Xianbei migrated to pasture lands around the Qinghai Lake (Koko Nur) and established the Tuyuhun Kingdom . In the 7th century, the Tuyuhun Kingdom was attacked by both the Tibetan Empire and the Tang dynasty as both sought control over the Silk Road trade routes. Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo was victorious, and settled
6164-433: The modern era. Due to tight control of press in mainland China , including the Tibet Autonomous Region, it is difficult to accurately determine the scope of human rights abuses. When General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Tibet in 1980 and 1982, he disagreed with what he viewed as heavy-handedness. Hu reduced the number of Han party cadre, and relaxed social controls. Critics of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) say
6256-466: The national level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is established to fulfill the nation's strategy of developing the west. XETDZ enjoys a convenient transportation system, connected by the Xining-Lanzhou expressway and running through by two main roads, the broadest in the city. It is 4 km from the railway station, 15 km from Xi'ning Airport—a grade 4D airport with 14 airlines to cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Chengdu and Xi'an. Xining
6348-499: The north, northeast and east, respectively, of the Tibet AR. There is also a short border with Yunnan Province to the southeast. The countries to the south and southwest are Myanmar , India , Bhutan , and Nepal . China claims Arunachal Pradesh administered by India as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region. It also claims some areas adjoining the Chumbi Valley that are recognised as Bhutan's territory, and some areas of eastern Ladakh claimed by India. India and China agreed to respect
6440-457: The northeast, Xinjiang on the northwest, Sichuan on the southeast and the Tibet Autonomous Region on the southwest. Qinghai province was established in 1928 during the period of the Republic of China , and until 1949 was ruled by Chinese Muslim warlords known as the Ma clique . The Chinese name "Qinghai" is after Qinghai Lake , the largest lake in China. The lake is known as Tso ngon in Tibetan, and as Kokonor Lake in English, derived from
6532-473: The poor natural conditions hamper the establishment of telecommunications facilities in the region. Satellite phones have been provided to 186 remote villages in Qinghai Province as of September 14, 2007. The areas benefited were Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Qinghai has recently been provided with satellite telephone access. In June 2007, China Satcom carried out an in-depth survey in Yushu and Guoluo, and made
6624-556: The presence of discontinuous permafrost over the Chang Tang, the soil is boggy and covered with tussocks of grass, thus resembling the Siberian tundra . Salt and fresh-water lakes are intermingled. The lakes are generally without outlet, or have only a small effluent . The deposits consist of soda , potash , borax and common salt . The lake region is noted for a vast number of hot springs , which are widely distributed between
6716-538: The province has many ethnic autonomous areas at the district and county levels. Qinghai is administratively divided into eight prefecture-level divisions : two prefecture-level cities and six autonomous prefectures : The eight prefecture-level divisions of Qinghai are subdivided into 44 county-level divisions (6 districts , 4 county-level cities , 27 counties and 7 autonomous counties ). There are over 37 recognized ethnic groups among Qinghai's population of 5.6 million, with Han population standing at 50.5% of
6808-416: The province the second-largest concentration of Hui after Ningxia , the state denied the Hui ethnic autonomous townships and counties that their numbers warranted under Chinese law until the 1980s. Qinghai is located on the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau . By area, it is the largest province in the People's Republic of China (excluding the autonomous regions ). The Yellow River originates in
6900-545: The province's capital, was completed in 1959 and is the major transportation route in and out of the province. A continuation of the line, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway via Golmud and western Qinghai, has become one of the most ambitious projects in PRC history. It was completed in October 2005 and now links Tibet with the rest of China through Qinghai. Construction on the Golmud–Dunhuang Railway , in
6992-571: The province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Qinghai Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary (青海省委书记), colloquially termed the "Qinghai Party Chief". Because the Han form Qinghai's ethnic majority and because none of its many ethnic minorities have clear dominance over the rest, the province is not administered as an autonomous region. Instead,
7084-460: The province's northwestern part, started in 2012. Six National Highways run through the province. Xining Caojiabao International Airport provides service to Beijing , Lanzhou , Golmud and Delingha . Smaller regional airports, Delingha Airport , Golog Maqin Airport , Huatugou Airport , Qilian Airport and Yushu Batang Airport , serve the province's smaller communities; plans exist for
7176-455: The provincial seat of Qinghai. During the hot summer months, many tourists from the hot southern and eastern parts of China travel to Xining, as the climate of Xining in July and August is quite mild and comfortable, making the city an ideal summer retreat. Qinghai Lake ( 青海湖 ; qīnghǎi hú ) is another tourist attraction, albeit further from Xining than Kumbum Monastery (Ta'er Si). The lake
7268-558: The region comprised the headwaters of the Ma chu (Machu River, Yellow River ) and the Yalong ( Yangtze ) rivers and was known as Amdo , but apportioned to different administrative divisions than Tibet proper. Most of Qinghai was, for a short time in the aftermath of the Yuan dynasty's overthrow, under the control of early Ming dynasty , but later gradually lost to the Khoshut Khanate founded by
7360-416: The same office from Ming, and his clans were the ones who took Ma as their surname. From 1640 to 1724, a big part of the area that is now Qinghai was under Khoshut Mongol control, but in 1724 it was conquered by the armies of the Qing dynasty . Xining , the capital of modern Qinghai province, began to function as the administrative center, although the city itself was then part of Gansu province within
7452-490: The six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra. Other traditional ethnic groups with significant population or with the majority of the ethnic group reside in Tibet include Bai people , Blang , Bonan , Dongxiang , Han , Hui people , Lhoba , Lisu people , Miao , Mongols , Monguor (Tu people) , Menba (Monpa) , Mosuo , Nakhi , Qiang , Nu people , Pumi , Salar , and Yi people . According to
7544-474: The southern part of the province, while the Yangtze and Mekong have their sources in the southwestern part. Qinghai is separated by the Riyue Mountain into pastoral and agricultural zones in the west and east. The Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve is located in Qinghai and contains the headwaters of the Yellow River , Yangtze River , and Mekong River . The reserve was established to protect
7636-515: The state. The state provided money for food and uniforms in all schools, state run or private. Roads and a theater were constructed. The state controlled all the press, no freedom was allowed for independent journalists. As the 1949 Chinese revolution approached Qinghai, Ma Bufang abandoned his post and flew to Hong Kong , traveling abroad but never returning to China. On January 1, 1950, the Qinghai Province People's Government
7728-588: The streams flowing into the undrained salt lakes to the north. The lake region extends from the Pangong Tso Lake in Ladakh , Lake Rakshastal , Yamdrok Lake and Lake Manasarovar near the source of the Indus River , to the sources of the Salween , the Mekong and the Yangtze . Other lakes include Dagze Co , Namtso , and Pagsum Co . The lake region is a wind-swept Alpine grassland. This region
7820-651: The total population and national minorities making up 49.5% of the population. In 2010, Tibetan population stood at 20.7%, Hui 16%, Tu (Monguor) 4%, with also some groups of Mongol , and Salar , all of those groups being the most populous in the province. Han Chinese predominate in the cities of Xining , Haidong , Delingha and Golmud , and elsewhere in the northeast. The Hui are concentrated in Xining, Haidong, Minhe County , Hualong County , and Datong County . The Tu people predominate in Huzhu County and
7912-478: The western part of the province. The Qaidam basin lies in the northwest part of the province at an altitude between 3000 and 5000 meters above sea level. About a third of this resource rich basin is desert. The average elevation of Qinghai is approximately 3000 m. Mountain ranges include the Tanggula Mountains and Kunlun Mountains , with the highest point being Bukadaban Feng at 6860 m. Due to
8004-429: Was "Acting Chief Executive Officer of Kokonur" (de facto Governor of the region that later became Qinghai). In 1928, Qinghai province was created. The Muslim warlord and General Ma Qi became military governor of Qinghai, followed by his brother Ma Lin and then Ma Qi's son Ma Bufang . In 1932 Tibet invaded Qinghai , attempting to capture southern parts of Qinghai province, following contention in Yushu , Qinghai, over
8096-420: Was announced that in 2011 that 20,000 Communist Party cadres will be placed in the new towns. In general, China's minority regions have some of the highest per capita government spending public goods and services. Providing public goods and services in these areas is part of a government effort to reduce regional inequalities, reduce the risk of separatism, and stimulate economic development. Tibet has
8188-547: Was approved as state-level development zone in July 2000. It has a planned area of 4.4 km . XETDZ lies in the east of Xining, 5 km from the city centre. Xining is located in the east of the province at the upper reaches of the Huangshui River , one of the Yellow River's branches. The city is surrounded by mountains with an average elevation of 2261 m, the highest at 4393 m. XETDZ is the first of its kind at
8280-478: Was completed on 12 October 2005. It opened to regular trial service on 1 July 2006. Five pairs of passenger trains run between Golmud and Lhasa, with connections onward to Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xining and Lanzhou. The line includes the Tanggula Pass , which, at 5,072 m (16,640 ft) above sea level, is the world's highest railway. Qinghai Qinghai borders Gansu on
8372-490: Was declared, owing its allegiance to the new People's Republic of China . Aside from some minor adjustments to suit the geography, the PRC maintained the province's territorial integrity. Resistance to Communist rule continued in the form of the Huis' Kuomintang Islamic insurgency (1950–58) , spreading past traditionally Hui areas to the ethnic-Tibetan south. Although the Hui composed 15.6% of Qinghai's population in 1949, making
8464-520: Was home to a diverse group of nomadic tribes closely related to other Central Asians who traditionally made a living in agriculture and husbandry , the Kayue culture . The eastern part of the area of Qinghai was under the control of the Han dynasty about 2,000 years ago. It was a battleground during the Tang and subsequent Central Plain dynasties when they fought against successive Tibetan tribes . In
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